Panitikan ng singapore.

Singapore LIterature

Ang panitikan ng Singapore ay binubuo ng isang koleksyon ng mga

akdang pampanitikan sa pamamagitan ng Singaporeans sa anuman sa
apat na pangunahing wika ng bansa: English, Malay, Standard
Mandarin, at Tamil.

Habang Singaporean akdang pampanitikan maaaring ituring bilang din

pag-aari sa panitikan ng kanilang mga tiyak na wika, panitikan ng
Singapore ay tiningnan bilang isang natatanging mga katawan ng
panitikan portraying iba't ibang aspeto ng Singapore lipunan at mga
form ng isang makabuluhang bahagi ng kultura ng Singapore.

Literatura sa lahat ng apat na mga opisyal na wika ay isinalin at

showcased sa mga pahayagan tulad ng pampanitikan journal Singa, na
ay nai-publish sa 1980s at 1990s na may editor kabilang Edwin
Thumboo at Koh igat Song, pati na rin sa multilingual anthologies tulad
Rhythms: A Singaporean Milenyong Anthology ng mga tula (2000), kung
saan ang mga tula lahat ay isinalin sa tatlong beses bawat isa sa mga
tatlong mga wika. Ang bilang ng mga Singaporean manunulat tulad ng
Tan SWIE Hian at Kuo Pao Kun may ambag ng trabaho sa higit sa isang
wika. Gayunpaman, tulad ng cross-linguistic pagpapabunga ay nagiging
unting bihirang at unting ito ay ngayon-iisip na Singapore ay may apat
na sub-literatures halip ng isa.
Types of Electricity - Modern Methods

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There are two types of Electricity, Static Electricity and Current

Electricity. Static Electricity is made by rubbing together two or more
objects and making friction while Current electricity is the flow of
electric charge across an electrical field.

Static Electricity

Static electricity is when electrical charges build up on the surface of a

material. It is usually caused by rubbing materials together. The result
of a build-up of static electricity is that objects may be attracted to each
other or may even cause a spark to jump from one to the other. For
Example rub a baloon on a wool and hold it up to the wall.

Before rubbing, like all materials, the balloons and the wool sweater
have a neutral charge. This is because they each have an equal number
of positively charged subatomic particles (protons) and negatively
charged subatomic particles (electrons). When you rub the balloon with
the wool sweater, electrons are transferred from the wool to the
rubber because of differences in the attraction of the two materials for
electrons. The balloon becomes negatively charged because it gains
electrons from the wool, and the wool becomes positively charged
because it loses electrons.

Current Electricity

Current is the rate of flow of electrons. It is produced by moving

electrons and it is measured in amperes. Unlike static electricity,
current electricity must flow through a conductor, usually copper wire.
Current with electricity is just like current when you think of a river. The
river flows from one spot to another, and the speed it moves is the
speed of the current. With electricity, current is a measure of the
amount of energy transferred over a period of time. That energy is
called a flow of electrons. One of the results of current is the heating of
the conductor. When an electric stove heats up, it's because of the flow
of current.

There are different sources of current electricity including the chemical

reactions taking place in a battery. The most common source is the
generator. A simple generator produces electricity when a coil of
copper turns inside a magnetic field. In a power plant, electromagnets
spinning inside many coils of copper wire generate vast quantities of
current electricity.

There are two main kinds of electric current. Direct (DC) and
Alternating (AC). It's easy to remember. Direct current is like the energy
you get from a battery. Alternating current is like the plugs in the wall.
The big difference between the two is that DC is a flow of energy while
AC can turn on and off. AC reverses the direction of the electrons.
Effects of Electricity

Heating: 'The heating effect of electric current is used in many everyday devices. Electric cookers, kettles
and toasters are among the household appliances that rely on it.
Joules Law states that the rate at which heat is produced in a resistor is proportional to the square of the
current flowing through it, if the resistance is constantMagnetic Electric current passing through a wire
generates a magnetic field around the wire.
This effect is used in all sorts of ways. Examples include electric motors and electromagnets. In a car, for
example, the central locking uses electromagnets called solenoids to operate the lock mechanism.
Another widespread example is the loudspeaker, where variations in the magnetic effect of an electric
current are translated into sound waves that we can hear.

Chemical: Passing an electric current through a liquid causes chemical changes in a process called
electrolysis.
Electroplating uses electrolysis to put a layer of one metal on top of another. Examples include chromium
plating of bathroom and car parts, and silver plating of cutlery and jewellery. Magnetic Electric current
passing through a wire generates a magnetic field around the wire.
This effect is used in all sorts of ways. Examples include electric motors and electromagnets. In a car, for
example, the central locking uses electromagnets called solenoids to operate the lock mechanism.
Another widespread example is the loudspeaker, where variations in the magnetic effect of an electric
current are translated into sound waves that we can hear.

Magnetic Electric current passing through a wire generates a magnetic field around the wire.
This effect is used in all sorts of ways. Examples include electric motors and electromagnets. In a car, for
example, the central locking uses electromagnets called solenoids to operate the lock mechanism.
Another widespread example is the loudspeaker, where variations in the magnetic effect of an electric
current are translated into sound waves that we can hear.
Electricity is a marvelous thing for it gives us so many comforts. It gives us light, heat, helps to cook
food, keep food cool and many other things, but we have to be very careful in its use for it may cause
fires. There is great danger of electrocution from handling live wires carelessly. In most homes,
accidents arise due to defective wiring, defective electrical appliances and improper use of electrical
equipment.

i. Faulty electrical appliances and equipment must be properly handled and repaired promptly.

ii. Proper maintenance of electric wiring and fuses is essential. Fuses should not be replaced with
ones of higher amperage or with thick wires or tin foils.

iii. Disconnect electrical gadgets when not in use.

iv. Store all electrical appliances properly in a safe place and guard them from children.

v. Electric wires or cords, if faulty, should never be used until repaired.

vi. Electric gadgets should be repaired only by a qualified person.

vii. Appliances like an electric iron should not be left on, whilst attending to other jobs.

viii.Ventilation holes in a television set should never be covered for it may generate enough heat to
cause a fire.

ix. Short circuiting in electric wires may also start a fire.

x. In case of a fire caused by electricity, first the current should be cut off and only then steps taken to
extinguish the fire.

xi. Learn how to use the main switch for the electric supply in your house.

xii. Children should be given proper training in the handling of electrical appliances.

xiii.Never touch electrical equipment with wet hands.

xiv.When working with electricity do not stand on metal, wet concrete or wet ground. It is wiser to
stand on a rubber-mat or a dry wooden platform.

xv. Broken electric wires after storms can be dangerous. Stay away from them until the current is
switched off or disconnected and call for help.