JEMBATAN BETON

Data Perencanaan Jembatan

Bentang : 850 cm
Lebar Perkerasan : 1100 cm
Lebar Trotoar : 100 cm
Tebal Perkerasan : 10 cm
Tebal Lantai Kendaran : 25 cm
Tebal Trotoar : 10 cm
Mutu Baja Tulangan : 240 MPa
Mutu Baja Beton : 35 MPa
beton : 2,4 t/m3
trotoar : 2 t/m3
aspal : 2 t/m3
Tinggi Balok : 30 cm

Tiang Sandaran
gambar
M = 212,5 kg/m x 1,05 m
= 223,125 kgm
Mu = 223,125 x 1,8
= 401,625 kgm
Perencanaan Tulangan Pokok
Mu = 401,625 kgm
b = 150 mm
decking = 30 mm
d = 250 30 = 220 mm
Mu 401,625 x 104 Nmm
Rn = 0,8 x 150 x 2202 = 0,692
.b.d 2

1,4
min
fy
1,4
= = 5,833 x 103
240

max 0,75 . bal

fc' 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 1 .
fy 600 fy

35 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 0,85 .
240 600 240
0,0564

2
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85.

2 0,629
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85 35

= 0,020
fc'

fy
35
= 0,0182
240
 = 2,9 x 103

Maka digunakan min

As = . b . d
= 5,833 x 103 x 150 x 220
= 192,5 mm
Pakai tulangan 212

Perhitungan tulangan sengkang

Vu = 1,8 x 100 x 2,215

= 382,5 kg = 3825 N

Vn =
3825
= 0,6

= 6375 N

1
Vc = 6 x x b x d
1
= 6 x 35 x 150 x 220

= 32538,44 N

Vn < Vc maka pakai tulangan praktis 8 - 150

gambar

Trotoar

Gambar
Beban Mati
G (kg) Jarak Momen
G1 200 0,5 100
G2 300 0,5 150
G3 150 0,333 50
300 kgm

Beban Hidup
LL1 = 100 x 1 = 100 kg (beban sandaran)
LL2 = 500 x 1 = 500 kg
ML = 1,1 . LL1 x 0,5 . LL2
= 1,1 . 100 x 0,5 . 500
= 360 kgm
MU = 1,3 . MDL x 1.8 . MLL
= 1,3 . 300 x 1.8 . 360
= 1038 kgm = 1038 x 104 Nmm
b = 1 m = 1000 mm
d = 0,22m = 220 mm
Mu 1038 x 104 Nmm
Rn = 2 = 0,2618
. b . d 2 0,8 x 1000 x 220

1,4
min
fy
1,4
= = 5,833 x 103
240

max 0,75 . bal

fc' 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 1 .
fy 600 fy

35 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 0,85 .
240 600 240
0,0564
 2
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85.

2 0,2681
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85 35

= 0,00769
fc'

fy
35
= 0,00769
240

= 0,00112

Maka digunakan min

As = . b . d
= 5,833 x 103 x 1000 x 220
= 1283,333 mm
Pakai tulangan

Kerb

gambar

*decking = 3 cm
M = 500 x (0,25 + 0,1 + 0,1 )
= 225 kgm

Mu = x M
= 1,8 x 225
= 405 kgm = 405 x 104 Nmm
b = 1 m = 1000 mm
d = (25 + 10 + 10) 3
 = 42 cm = 420 mm

Mu 405 x 104 Nmm

Rn = = 0,28699
. b . d 2 0,8 x 1000 x 420
2

1,4
min
fy
1,4
= = 5,833 x 103
240

max 0,75 . bal

fc' 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 1 .
fy 600 fy

35 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 0,85 .
240 600 240
0,0564

2
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85.

2 0,28699
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85 35

= 0,00824
fc'

fy
35
= 0,00824
240

= 0,0012

Maka digunakan min

As = . b . d
= 5,833 x 103 x 1000 x 220
= 1283,333 mm
Pakai tulangan 414
 Plat lantai

Gambar 1. Beban mati

Beban mati Tambahan

Air = 0,05 x 1 x 1000 = 50 kg/m
Overlay = 0,05 x 350 x 2000 = 100 kg/m
Aspal = 0,1 x 1 x 2000 = 200 kg/m
q total = 350 kg/m

gambar
koefisien untuk beban merata M = e x q x s
1
Mt = -10 x q x s
1
= - 10 x 350 x 2,75

= -264,6875 kgm
1
ML = x q x s
10
1
= 10 x 350 x 2,75

= 264,6875 kgm
Beban Mati Tetap
Beton = 0,25 x 1 x 2400 = 600 kg/m
1
Mt = -10 x 600 x 2,75 = -453,75 kg/m
1
ML = 10 x 600 x 2,75 = 453,75 kg/m
Beban Truk (T)

Gambar 1. Distribusi beban pada rodak truk (tampak samping dan tampak depan)

Beban ganda = 22500 kg = 22,5 t (kanan kiri)

T = 11250 kg
a = 50 + (2 x 10) + 2 (1/2 x 25)
= 95 cm = 0,95 m
b = 20 + (2 x 10) + 2 (1/2 x 25)
= 65 cm = 0,65 m
11250
q = 0,95 0,65

= 18218,6235 kg/m

Alternatif I

Gambar 1. Alternatif I

0,84
Va = x 18218,6235
2
 = 7651,822 kg
Mmax = Va . 1 - (0,5 x q x 0,45)
= 7651,822 . 1 (0,5 x 18218,6235 x 0,45)
= 5807,186 kgm

Alternatif II

Gambar 1. Alternatif II

0,84 18218,6235 1,58

Va =
2

= 12089,879 kg

=0 12089,879 18218,6235x = 0

X = 0,664 cm
Mmax = (12089,879 x 0,664) (1/2 x 18218,6235 x 0,664)
= 4011,421 kgm

Alternatif III
Gambar
Mt = -4/5 x 5807,186
= 4645,749 kgm
ML = 5/6 x 5807,186
= 4839,322 kgm
 Beban Temperatur
Temperatur max = 40 C
Temperatur min = 25 C
t = 40 25 = 15 C (SNI)
E = 4700

= 4700 35
= 27805,5750 kg/cm
h = 25 cm b= 100 cm
1
I = 2 x b x 4
1
= 2 x 100 x 254

= 5208,333 4
= 105/ C
7

8
ML =
7
15 105 27805,5750 5208,333
8
= 25

= 760,30870 kgm
1

Mt = 4
1
15 105 27805,5750 5208,333
4
= 25

= 217,2311 kgm

Beban Mt (kgm) Ml (kgm) MUt (kgm) MUl (kgm)

B. Mati Tambahan 2 264,6875 264,6875 529,379 529,375
B, Mati Tetap 1,2 453,75 453,75 544,5 544,5
B. Truck (T) 1,8 4645,749 4839,322 8362,348 8710,750
B. Temperatur 1,2 217,2311 760,3087 260,6773 912,3704
9696,904 10667,025

Tumpuan
 Mu = 9696,904 kgm= 9696,904 x 104 Nmm
b = 1000 mm , d = 250 30 = 220 mm
Mu 9696,904 x 104 Nmm
Rn = = 2,357
. b .d2 0,8 x 1000 x 2202

2
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85.

2 2,357
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85 35

= 0,070
1,4
min
fy
1,4
= = 5,833 x 103
240

max 0,75 . bal

fc' 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 1 .
fy 600 fy

35 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 0,85 .
240 600 240
0,0564

fc'

fy
35
= 0,070
240

= 0,0102

Maka digunakan
As = . b . d
= 0,0102 x 1000 x 220
= 2253,709 mm
 Pakai tulangan 12 50 As= 2261,9 mm

Gelagar

Gambar 1. Beban mati

Beban Mati Tambahan

Air = 0,05 x 2,75 x 1000 = 137,5 kg/m
Aspal + Overlay = (0,10 + 0,05) x 2,75 x 2000 = 825kg/m
Diafragma = 0,1 x 0,2 x 1 x 2400 = 48 kg/m
q total = 1010,5 kg/m
M1 = 1/8 x q x 2
= 1/8 x 1010,5 x 8,5
= 9126 kgm

Beban Mati Tetap

Plat = 0,25 x 2,75 x 2400 = 1650 kg/m
Balok = 0,35 x 0,3 x 2400 = 252 kg/m
q total = 1902 kg/m
M2 = 1/8 x q x 2
= 1/8 x 1902 x 8,5
= 9126 kgm

Beban Trotoar
60 % (2 1 500)
B. Trotoar = = 120
5
M = 1/8 x 120 x 9
= 1215 kgm

Beban Jalur (D) Merata

L 30 m q = 900 MPa = 900 kg/m
Gambar
q = 2,75 x 900 = 2475 kg/m
beban garis 4,9 t/m = 4900 kg/m
P = 2,75 x 4900 = 13476 kg
beban garis dikali kejut 1,4
gambar
ML = ( x x P x l) + (1/8 x q x 2 )
= ( x x 13476 x 9) + (1/8 x 2475 x 9)
= 40088,125 + 22352,483
= 62440,469 kgm

Beban Angin
Gambar
14,25 14,25
= 0,1+0,25+0,3 = >6 Cw = 1,25 (SNI)
0,65

Vw = 30 m/dt (daerah bukan pantai)

.
T1 = 0,0006 x Cw x Vw x

= 0,0006 x 1,25 x 30 x 0,65

= 0,439 kN/m = 43,9 kg/m
.
T2 = 0,0012 x Cw x Vw x Cw = 1,2 (SNI)

= 0,0006 x 1,2 x 30 x 2
= 2,592 kN/m = 259,2 kg/m
ZM = 0
0,65
qw (2,75) - T1 ( ) - T2 (1,65) = 0
2
0,65
43,9 . ( )+ 259,2 .(1,65)
2
qw = = 160,708 kgm
2,75
 Mw = 18 x qw x L

= 18 x 160,708 x 8,5
= 1451,396 kgm

Beban Rem / Traksi

Gambar
0,55
e = 1,8 + 0,1 + = 2,175 m
2

= 5% (9800) = 490 kg
= 5% (1800) = 90 kgm
= ( x (e)) + ( x (e) x L)
= (490 x 2,175) + ( 90 x 2,175 x 8,5)
= 2729,625 kgm
Beban F beban M (kgm) MU (kgm)
B. Mati Tambahan 2 9126 18252
B.Mati Tetap 1,3 17177,437 22330,668
B. Jalur 1,8 62440,469 112392,844
B. Trotoar 1,8 1083,73 1950,75
B. Angin 1,2 1451,396 1741,675
B. Rem 1,8 2729,625 4913,325
161581,262

Pemulangan Balok
Mu = 181581,262 kgm = 161581,262 x 104 kNm
bf = 35 cm = 350 mm
hc = 25 cm = 250 cm
h = 55 cm = 550 cm
850
be = 4 = = 212,5 cm
4

be = bf + 16 hc
= 35 + 16 (25)
= 435 cm
be = 0 = 275 cm = 2750 mm
 Mu 161581,262 x 104 Nmm
Rn = 0,85 x 2750 x 5502 = 2,285
.b.d 2

2
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85.

2 2,285
= 0,85 x (1 1 )
0,85 35

= 0,070
1,4
min
fy
1,4
= = 5,833 x 103
240

max 0,75 . bal

fc' 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 1 .
fy 600 fy

35 600
0,75 . 0,85 . 0,85 .
240 600 240
0,0564

fc'

fy
35
= 0,070
240

= 9,955 x 103

Maka digunakan
As = . b . d
= 9,955 x 103 x 2750 x 550
= 15056,938 mm
Tulangan atas = 25% (15056,938) = 3764,325 mm
Pakai tulangan 340 (As= 3769,9 mm)