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BLUEPRINT
BY TOM HOOTMAN, AIA;
D A V I D O K A D A , P. E . , M E M B E R A S H R A E ;
SHANTI PLESS, MEMBER ASHRAE;
M I C H A E L S H E P P Y, A S S O C I AT E M E M B E R A S H R A E ;
A N D PA U L T O R C E L L I N I , P H . D. , P. E . , M E M B E R A S H R A E
B U I L D I N G AT A G L A N C E
Occupancy79%
new office building on its Golden, Colo., Gross Square Footage220,000
T
McGraw Hill Construction Outstanding
Green Building, 2010
Facility (RSF) also provided a chance to his article presents the a performance-based design-build delivery process. The investment
process used for deliver- approach to procurement. NREL made in clearly and thoroughly American Institute of Steel
Construction IDEAS2 Award, 2011
develop and advance a replicable model ing the RSF as a repli- The goals of this approach are un- defining its objectives was critical Design-Build Institute of America,
cable blueprint to achieve leashing the creativity of the design- to simultaneously meet the aggres- Merit Award, 2011
for the next generation of high performance a large reduction in building energy ers and builders, maximizing col- sive performance, cost and schedule Total Construction Cost $57.4 million
use and to adopt a net zero energy laboration, and reducing overall risk requirements. (See Primary Project Cost Per Square Foot$259
buildings. The result is a LEED Platinum
approach for large-scale commercial by shifting responsibility andcontrol Objectives and Requirements.) Substantial Completion/Occupancy
facility built for $259/ft2 (comparable to buildings without increasing cost. to the design build team. (See Key The design-build team realized
June 2010
This article was published in High Performing Buildings, Fall 2012. Copyright 2012 ASHRAE. Posted at www.hpbmagazine.org. This article may not be copied and/
or distributed electronically or in paper form without permission of ASHRAE. For more information about High Performing Buildings, visit www.hpbmagazine.org.
Climate Responsive Design
Net Zero Energy Procurement
KEY PROVISIONS INCLUDED E N E R G Y AT A G L A N C E
The most cost-effective way to save
Firm fixed price and schedule energy is to not need it. Building the Annual Energy Use Intensity
architectural concept around climate (Site, Not Including PV) 35.4 kBtu/ft2
Complete and detailed energy
Electricity (From Grid) 1.01 kBtu/ft2
performance goals and requirements responsive strategies reduces demand Electricity (From PV) 24.2 kBtu/ft2
No prescribed solutions (such as on active lighting and HVAC systems. Natural Gas for District Heated Water
bridging documents) provided for 9.68 kBtu/ft2
The primary building section Electricity for District Chilled Water
meeting requirements
design addresses strategies such as 0.46 kBtu/ft2
Full design-build team control of design
variables related to documented goals
a 100% daylit footprint, effective Annual Source Energy
cross ventilation and solar and glare (Including On-site PV)* 17 kBtu/ft2
Regular energy modeling checks to
substantiate the project was on track to control. The resulting section is 60 ft Annual Energy Cost Index (ECI)
meet goals deep. The narrow depth and campus Without PV$0.55/ft2
Financial incentives for superior constraints led to the H-shaped plan Annual Net Energy Use Intensity
performance 11.2 kBtu/ft2
that positions the office program in
long, thin, east-west-oriented wings. Annual Energy Use Intensity
(Site, Not Including PV or Data Center)
PRIMARY PROJECT OBJEC- The building envelope also is 20.9 kBtu/ft2
TIVES AND REQUIREMENTS key in integrating passive strate- ENERGY STAR Rating100
LEED Platinum
gies. The faades have low average
Heating Degree Days6,220
Absolute EUI target of 35.1 kBtu/ft2yr Cooling Degree Days1,154
Accommodate at least 800 staff Below Site walls and retaining walls use
(822 accommodated) large rocks that were found during the build- *On-site PV credited at electricity source factor
ing excavation and built into gabion cages. against total source energy
High performance workplace
(support culture, collaboration, Bottom The punched windows on the south
amenities, flexibility, ergonomics) faades provide solar control, daylighting, W AT E R AT A G L A N C E
views and natural ventilation with a low win-
Architectural quality and design to dow to wall ratio. Annual Water Use
enhance NRELs identity and mission Irrigation 48,445 gallons (modeled)
Robb Williamson, courtesy of RNL
ing summer 2012, the project is stamped openings within the web,
meeting its demand-side energy use which reduces the thermal bridging.
targets, but is still a year away from In addition to high R-value wall and
having a full net zero energy year. roof assemblies, careful attention was
22 HIGH PERFORMING B U I L D I N G S Fa l l 2 0 1 2
HPB.hotims.com/38001-13
Robb Williamson, courtesy of RNL
Courtesy of DOE/NRELDennis Schroeder
paid to the intersections of assem- daylighting device (louver system) shade provides solar and glare con-
blies to reduce thermal bridging. redirects sunlight up onto the ceil- trol most of the year, so no interior
The primary windows repeated ing deep into the space. window covering is needed.
across the south faade are the The south window also has a dis- The view portion of the window
workhorse of the climate responsive tinct lower view window section, also has an operable window sec-
architecture. This window has a dis- which has a low U-value, solar heat tion, with two-thirds of the operable
tinct upper daylight section, which gain coefficient and visible transmit- windows being manual and one-
is fixed, shade-free, has double tance. This lower view sections tri- third automated. Occupants receive
pane low-e glazing for daylight ple pane, low-e glazing contributes to notifications on their computers
performance and has a high visible improved thermal performance. The when conditions are favorable for
light transmittance. A reflective view sections external three-sided opening the windows. The Colorado
Roof
Type Photovoltaics on standing seam roof
Overall R-value33
Walls
Type Precast wall assembly
Overall R-value15
Glazing Percentage27%
Foundation
Grade Beam/Foundation R-valueR-10
Floor Over Crawl Space/Labyrinth
R-valueR-18
Windows
Typical View Window
U-value 0.17 center of glass
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
(SHGC)0.23
Visual Transmittance0.43
Typical Daylight Window
U-value 0.29 center of glass
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
(SHGC)0.38
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
Visual Transmittance0.70
Location
Latitude 39 44' 28" N
OrientationEast-west
Note: The annual EUI values are demand side values and do not include the PV generation.
24 HIGH PERFORMING B U I L D I N G S Fa l l 2 0 1 2
HPB.hotims.com/38001-20
climate is well suited for natural exposed thermal mass, which can more than half of the energy use in
BUILDING TEAM
ventilation, particularly in spring absorb much of the internal summer a net zero energy building. The heat
and fall. heat gains. The cool night air allows released by this equipment must Building Owner/Representative
During the summer, hot days are the thermal mass to purge this heat. be removed by the HVAC system, Department of Energy/National
A C T U A L V S . M O D E L O C T. 2 0 1 1 A C T U A L V S . M O D E L O C T. 2 0 1 0 O C T. 2 0 1 1
Power Density (W/ft2)
0.21 14000
0.30 600
0.25 500
0.20 400
0.15 300
0.10 200
0.05 100
0.00 0
0 6 12 18 24 20 30 80
Time of Day Average Daily Outdoor Temperature (F)
RSF Hourly Lighting RSF Average Lighting Model Lighting RSF Daily Cooling Model Average Cooling RSF Average Cooling
Power (kW)
0.70
0.60 700
0.50 600
0.40 500
400
0.30
300
0.20
200
0.10 100
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
0.00 0
0 6 12 18 24
0 6 12 18 24
HPB.hotims.com/38001-2
Time of Day Time of Day
RSF Hourly Plug Loads RSF Average Plug Loads Model RSF Hourly PV Output RSF Average PV Output Model
28 HIGH PERFORMING B U I L D I N G S Fa l l 2 0 1 2
The data centers dedicated cool- air temperature. Free cooling pro- utilization effectiveness (PUE) of
decks to condition the space below. ing system is built around free vided by either direct outside air or 1.1 to 1.15 and an average of 1.21
east and west curtain walls; and Though this approach introduces energy loss
reduced by climate responsive 3 Insulated spandrel panels on the north
at the time of design of the third wing.
from storage, distribution and recirculation
Daylight controls were expanded to some
architecture, low energy HVAC faade were replaced with primary irregularly occupied spaces such as the pumping, the system provides heat three
9 wallconstruction. times as efficiently and provides free cooling
systems can condition the space stairwells in the third wing.
to adjacent telecom and electrical rooms.
when needed. Strategies include