Passive Voice

Membentuk Kalimat Passive

Dalam kalimat pasif, objek dari kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat pasif. Contoh:
Active: The children helped the old man.
Passive: The old man was helped by the children.

Dari contoh di atas, terlihat bahwa objek (the old man) di kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat passive.
Hanya kalimat transitif (kalimat yang membutuhkan objek) yang digunakan dalam kalimat passif. Contoh:
Active: An accident happened.
Passive: (tidak ada)

Pembentukan kalimat passive

ACTIVE PASSIVE
Simple present The boy recites the holy Qurn. The holy Qurn is recited
by the boy.
Present The boy is reciting the holy Qurn. The holy Qurn is being recited
continuous by the boy.
Present perfect The boy has recited the holy Qurn. The holy Qurn has been recited
by the boy.
Simple past The boy recited the holy Qurn. The holy Qurn was recited
by the boy.
Past continuous The boy was reciting the holy Qurn. The holy Qurn was being recited
by the boy.
Past perfect The boy had recited the holy Qurn. The holy Qurn had been recited
by the boy.
(Simple) future The boy will recite the holy Qurn. The holy Qurn will be recited
by the boy.
Future perfect The boy would have recited the holy The holy Qurn would have been
Qurn. recited by the boy.
To be going to The boy is going to recite the holy The holy Qurn is going to be recited by the
Qurn. boy.
Infinitive to The boy has to recite the holy Qurn. The holy Qurn has to be recited
by the boy.
Present I like inviting friends to my home I like being invited to your home.
participle/
Gerund

Catatan:

1. Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous, dan future perfect continuous
tidak dipakai dalam kalimat passive.

2. Biasanya kalimat pasif digunakan tanpa kata by. Kalimat pasif umumnya digunakan ketika pelaku
(subjek) tidak dikenal atau tidak penting untuk diketahui. Kata-kata by people, by me, by you, by the,
by someone, by a man, by a boy, by the servant, dan seterusnya tidak perlu dipakai. Contoh: (a) Rice
is grown in India by someone. (b) English is spoken all over the world by people.

3. will dan would di atas mewakili bentuk kata modal dan frasa modal lainnya: should, can, must,
may, shall, had better, ought to, have to, is supposed to dan lainnya.

Pembentukan kalimat passive dalam bentuk pertanyaan

ACTIVE PASSIVE
Simple present Do you paint the room beautifully? Is the room beautifully painted
by you?
Present Are you painting the room beautifully? Is the room being beautifully painted?
continuous
Present perfect Have you painted the room Has the room been beautifully painted?
beautifully?
Simple past Did you paint the room beautifully? Was the room beautifully painted?
Past continuous Were you painting the room Was the room being beautifully
beautifully? painted?
Past perfect Had you painted the room beautifully? Had the room been beautifully
painted?
(Simple) future Will you paint the room beautifully? Will the room be beautifully painted?
Future perfect Will you have painted the room Will the room have been beautifully
beautifully before I come home? painted before I come home?
Infinitive to Do you have to paint the room Does the room have to be beautifully
Beautifully? painted?

Di dalam kalimat passive kata keterangan cara seperti beautifully, well, dan sebagainya biasanya diletakkan
sebelum kata kerja ke III nya atau past participle. Contoh: The room was beautifully painted.

Rumus Passive Voice

Am, is, are, was,
were
Modal + Be
(Will, shall, can, may, must, should, + Verb III/Kata kerja ke
dll) III
Have, has, had + Been
Am, is are, was, were, preposition,
Kata kerja diikuti oleh gerund (enjoy, + Being
Appreciate, mind, finish, delay, dll)

Source:

Mastering Modern English Structure (1987) oleh Drs. Azhar Arsyad, MA [beliau sudah menjadi
Guru Besar di UIN Alauddin]

Understanding and Using English Grammar, Third Edition oleh Betty Schrampfer Azar