Nutrition, Health,

andDisease
Nutrition, Health,
andDisease
A Guide toModern Living

Kaufui V. Wong, PhD, PE

Nutrition, Health, and Disease: A Guide to Modern Living
Copyright Momentum Press, LLC, 2017.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored

in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means
electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other except for
brief quotations, not to exceed 250 words, without the prior permission
of the publisher.

First published in 2017 by

Momentum Press, LLC
222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017
www.momentumpress.net

ISBN-13: 978-1-94664-626-2 (print)

ISBN-13: 978-1-94664-627-9 (e-book)

Momentum Press Nutrition and Dietetics Practice Collection

Cover and interior design by S4Carlisle Publishing Services Private Ltd.,

Chennai, India

First edition: 2017

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed in the United States of America.

 Abstract
The current book, A Guide to Modern Living, is essential for everyone
because nutrition is so tightly linked to the environment, which is fast
deteriorating with contaminants, etc. My diverse background in healthful
practices and use of food as preventative medicine, must also be a con-
tributory reason for my objectives in the field, namely, to help people who
have not paid much attention to food until stricken by chronic disease
that can be linked to poor nutrition. This book, like the two p receding
ones, tries to explain the confusing role of nutrition in human health
and diseases. This book, the third in a mini-series, will be suitable for
a nutrition or an epidemiology course. The readership population is
general. This is not just a book for epidemiology or nutrition students,
but also for every informed person. It is for adults who have taken back
control of their nutrition and health (rather than staying surrendered to
the whims of the food industry). These newly enlightened individuals
need guidance in finding their own way in the very complex minefield of
modern nutrition (food production and supply) and an environment that
is growingly less healthful (mainly owing to human activity).

Keywords
cancer, dengue fever, Zika, microcephaly, sugar, daily diet
 Contents
Abstract...................................................................................................v
Preface...................................................................................................ix
Chapter 1 Rice Consumption and Hypertension................................1
Chapter 2 Etiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Nutrition.......7
Chapter 3 Salt of Our Lives..............................................................17
Chapter 4 Nutritional and Health Issues and Public Policies.............25
Chapter 5 Strategies to Strike out Sugar............................................35
Chapter 6 Zika Virus........................................................................45
Chapter 7 Risk Factors of Microcephaly...........................................55
Index....................................................................................................63
 Preface
The third book in the mini-series about Nutrition, Health and Disease
has to be inspired by the huge space for contribution in diseases such as
cancer. The name cancer has been given to a number of diseases, several
of which are curable. I was first pulled into the field by my interest and
research into prostate cancer. Then, the frequency of breast cancer among
women called for my attention and study. According to the US Centers
of Disease Control and Prevention [1], the risk factors for breast cancer
include the following:

Getting older. The risk for breast cancer increases with age; most
breast cancers are diagnosed after age 50.
Genetic mutations.
Early menstrual period.
Late or no pregnancy.
Starting menopause after age 55.
Not being physically active.
Being overweight or obese after menopause.
Having dense breasts.
Using combination hormone therapy.
Taking oral contraceptives (birth control pills).Certain forms of
oral contraceptive pills have been found to raise breast cancer risk.
Personal history of breast cancer.
Personal history of certain non-cancerous breast diseases.
Family history of breast cancer.
Previous treatment using radiation therapy.
Women who took the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES).
Drinking alcohol.Studies show that a womans risk for breast
cancer increases with the more alcohol she drinks.
Research suggests that other factors such as smoking, being exposed
to chemicals that can cause cancer, and night shift working also
may increase breast cancer risk.
x PREFACE

The above was compiled after much research in each topic. For in-
stance, factor number seven above probably came from works like
reference [2]. The question to ask, however, is whether there are too many
risk factors to be very useful for the ordinary woman in the street. In
mid-October 2016, there was an interesting article in the Miami Herald
about breast cancer, as October is designated Breast Cancer Month in
the United States. It is clear from the Miami Herald article [3] that one
of the key interviewees of the article (whom we shall call MR) claimed
she ate nutritiously, and had no family history of breast cancer. The ones
that stand out as not addressed when looking at the checklist above are
oral contraceptives and drinking alcohol. She claimed that she was eat-
ing nutritiously. That point is also in question, when observing that
she was rather overweight. The obesity could be coming from eating
gluten-containing compounds and sugar and/or sugar substitutes. Her
general assessment of her own nutrition may not be strict enough, and
she may be indeed consuming preservatives (via bacon, ham, sausages,
for instance). Simply, it could be that the amount of exercise performed
in relation to number of calories consumed daily may be out of balance.
Observing how MR is a relatively new mother (with a young baby), the
guess about not enough exercise may not be far off the mark.
In a study by the Avon Foundation [4], it was reported that the
breast cancer mortality rates among women were as follows: 19.04% for
Puerto Ricans, 18.78% for Mexicans and 17.89% for Cubans, 10.5%
for Central and South Americans in the United States. Between 2010
and 2014, the breast cancer mortality rate for black women was 30.7%,
and for non-Hispanic white women was 22.41% [4]. My perception
about these figures would suggest number of calories consumed to be
less in general among the Hispanic women as compared to either black
women or non-Hispanic white women. In other words, the link be-
tween obesity at all ages and breast cancer needs to be studied. Obvi-
ously, to establish the fact needs research work. This goes back to my
point that MR in the Miami Herald article was at risk (before she was
diagnosed with breast cancer), and obesity was probably one of the fac-
tors. Statistically speaking, MR would not be representative of her racial
group for breast cancer.
 PREFACE
xi

This third book in the mini-series, like the others prior, looks at health and
disease, and the role of nutrition. There is a lot of information on the World
Wide Web from different cultures regarding food and nutrition. The big dis-
eases around the world tend to be common, e.g., cancer, Alzheimers disease,
and viral diseases spread by vectors like mosquitoes. To help reduce some of
the confusion, this book will deal with nutritional issues as they pertain to
public health and policies. This monograph will be apt for an epidemiology
or a nutritional course. The book could be used as one of the textbooks for a
whole course, as well as used to prepare modules in existing courses, or as a
supplementary text in nutrition related with epidemiology. Everyone should
be able to find use for the book as a guide to modern living. Written not just
as a reference for epidemiology students, it is also for the educated person who
wants to take back control of his/her nutritional choices rather than surrender
that to the food industry or the fast-food restaurants. The holistic view of the
human body provides guidelines for health through good nutrition via food.
This universal appeal cannot be denied. All chapters are summarized with a
wise view and understanding of the published information, where applicable.
I acknowledge with thanks the academic journals in which all my
papers have been published prior to the publication of this book. The
insightfulness of Ms. Peggy Williams of Momentum Press who predicted
the public service value of my work is acknowledged with thanks.

Kaufui Vincent Wong, PhD, PE

Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
University of Miami, FL, U.S.A.

References
1. CDC. Breast Cancer, U.S. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention.
Retrieved 10/16/16. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/risk
_factors.htm.
2. Carmichael AR, Bates T. Obesity and breast cancer: a review of the
literature. The Breast, 13(2), 2004, 8592.
3. Veciana-Suarez A. For Many Hispanics, Fighting a More Aggressive
Enemy, the Miami Herald, 10/15/16, 1A, 2A.
xii PREFACE

4. Avon Foundation. New Data: Avon Foundation for Women funds

Comprehensive Breast Cancer Study
Uncovering Prevalence and
Mortality among U.S. Hispanics and Hispanic S ubgroups. Retrieved
10/17/16. https://www.avonfoundation.org/new-data-avon-foundation
-funds-comprehensive-breast-cancer-study-uncovering-prevalence
-mortality-among-u-s-hispanics-hispanic-subgroups/.
 CHAPTER 1

Rice Consumption
andHypertension

Abstract
Arsenic in the drinking water is the cause of hypertension. Studies
claiming this finding included people from Bangladesh, Inner Mongolia,
China, and Taiwan. Rice consumption could include ingestion of natu-
ral arsenic from the environment. A study in Bangladesh confirmed this
fact, because groundwater contaminated with environmental arsenic is
used widely for the cultivation of the main food crop, rice. It was found
that the greater the aggregate arsenic intake, the greater the occurrence
of hypertension. The US Food and Drug Administration informs that
unlike other food grains, rice grains pick up arsenic from the soil and
water. We are informed that people excrete the inorganic arsenic and the
mono- and dimethylated metabolites in the urine. The particular refer-
ence also informed that ingested arsenic in fish is excreted in 2 days. It is
argued in this work that for Asians and others who consume rice daily,
there is always some level of arsenic in the body. Hence, a link is deduced
between daily rice consumption and incremental rise in blood pressure,
which may or may not lead to hypertension.

Keywords
Arsenic, blood pressure, paddy, water

Source: J. of Epidemiology and Public Health Reviews, Sciforschen publishers, Vol.1,

Iss.1, Jan. 2016.
2 A GUIDE TO MODERN LIVING

1.1 Facts and the Deduction

Arsenic in the drinking water is the cause of hypertension, as d emonstrated
in the studies performed and reported in references [14]. These studies
included people from Bangladesh, Inner Mongolia, China, and Taiwan.
Reference [5] is a review article regarding arsenic and hypertension. In this
review of 2011, it was concluded that a positive association between el-
evated arsenic exposure and the prevalence of hypertension [5] was found,
but the repercussions of this link from a causal point of view needs more
study. Arsenic occurs naturally in the crust of our planet Earth [6]. It is
present in 200 or more different compounds, arsenopyrite being the most
common mineral. Rice consumption commonly includes arsenic from the
environment, whether grown in different nations in Asia or in the United
States. A study in Bangladesh reaffirmed this fact, because groundwater
contaminated with environmental arsenic is used e xtensively for the agri-
culture of rice, the principal grain [7]. In [8], it was found that the greater
the aggregate arsenic intake, the greater the occurrence of hypertension.
According to the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), as it
grows, rice grains pick up arsenic from the water and the ground, unlike
other grains [9]. Most other food crops do not show this characteristic of
rice. Also of interest is that some seafood contains significant quantities
of organic arsenic. The USFDA has yet to set up standards with regard to
acceptable levels of arsenic in rice and rice products [9]. In comparison,
the USFDA has set up acceptable levels of arsenic in apple juice in 2013,
to be the same as that as acceptable levels in drinking water set by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, that is, 10 parts per billion.
In [10], we are informed that people excrete the inorganic arsenic and
the mono- and dimethylated metabolites in the urine. The reference also
informed that ingested arsenic in fish is excreted in 2 days. However, it is a
common practice for Asians, even those who have immigrated to Western
nations, to consume rice daily. Many in Asia consume rice three times a
day. It is a simple deduction that some level of arsenic exists in the body of
Asians and others who consume rice daily. In other words, the character-
istic discovered about arsenic in raising the blood pressure will generally
last at least 2 days. Based on this deduction, it is not unreasonable that the
blood pressure could be incrementally higher among Asians and others
 Rice Consumption andHypertension 3

who consume rice daily, compared to others who consume other grains
instead. Whether this increment will lead to hypertension is not obvious,
and needs careful scientific studies.
In the past, there was even a trial to use a rice diet as therapy for
hypertensive vascular disease [11]. Hence, the deduction in the current work
is rather new. It definitely goes against the premise used in [11] which was
published in 1948. There was also a study regarding high blood pressure and
salt consumption among the Japanese [12]. It was found that there were sig-
nificant difference in salt ingestion, and great quantities (greater than 20 g) of
salt were eaten in the northeastern region where the mortality owing to apo-
plexy and the blood pressure level of the residents were high. The reduction of
salt is a ubiquitous advice for hypertensive patients in Asia. References about
salt and hypertension include [13,14]. In [15] it was reported about the con-
troversy regarding the link between sodium consumption and hypertension.

1.2 Discussion and Conclusion

As it is all over the world, metabolic syndrome in Asians does occur more
frequently among persons of a certain maturity. Asians are among the
various minority groups who are more susceptible to metabolic syndrome
than the Caucasian majority in the United States. Metabolic syndrome is
a group of four risk factors: blood pressure of 135/85 mm Hg or greater,
blood sugar above the recommended fasting glucose level of 100 mg/dL,
unhealthy cholesterol levels, and large amounts of abdominal fat [16].
There are different measures of unhealthy cholesterol levels for men and
women, and same for the waistline measure with respect to abdominal
fat. One is diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome when one has three
of the four risk factors [16]. Among the factors that lead to these risks
include insulin resistance, which can be discounted if one has not been
diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes or Type 2 diabetes. Hormonal imbalance
is also another culprit, and is commonly accepted that this occurrence
does increase with age. Obesity is also a significant factor [16], especially
abdominal fat or fat around the stomach area. The last factor is having
a diet full of unhealthy processed foods (processed meats have been pro-
nounced carcinogenic by the World Health Organization [1721]) and
not performing enough physical activity regularly.
4 A GUIDE TO MODERN LIVING

It can be seen that the complex metabolic syndrome, at one time referred
to as Syndrome X [16], can complicate matters in any m ature person.
Thus, a complication arises to hinder an easy deduction that hypertension
can result from daily arsenic intake of rice, when discussing mature persons.
In other words, for a mature person who eats rice daily, and who is not
afflicted with metabolic syndrome, there might be an incremental com-
ponent in the persons blood pressure which is due to arsenic in the body.
Large population scientific studies need to be done to arrive at a conclusion.
As for the possibility of increased rates of metabolic syndrome in Asians
who eat rice daily, it would only come after large population scientific stud-
ies regarding more evidence that rice consumption is a major factor.

Acknowledgment
This work is dedicated to all the people who eat rice, especially those who
consume rice as a staple food.

References
1. Chen CJ, Hsueh YM, Lai MS, Shyu MP, Chen SY, Wu MM, KuoTL,
Tai TY. Increased prevalence of hypertension and long-term arsenic
exposure. Hypertension, 25(1), 1995, 5360.
2. Rahman M, Tondel M, Ahmad SA, Chowdhury IA, Faruquee MH,
Axelson O. Hypertension and arsenic exposure in Bangladesh.
Hypertension, 33(1), 1999, 7478.
3. Kwok RK, Mendola P, Liu ZY, Savitz DA, Heiss G, Ling HL, XiaY,
Lobdell D, Zeng D, Thorp JM, Creason JP. Drinking water a rsenic
exposure and blood pressure in healthy women of reproductive age
in Inner Mongolia, China. Toxicology and a pplied pharmacology,
222(3), 2007, 337343.
4. Chen Y, Factor-Litvak P, Howe GR, Graziano JH, Brandt-Rauf P,
Parvez F, van Geen A, Ahsan H. Arsenic exposure from drinking
water, dietary intakes of B vitamins and folate, and risk of high blood
pressure in Bangladesh: a population-based, cross-sectional study.
American journal of epidemiology, 165(5), 2007, 541552.
 Rice Consumption andHypertension 5

5. Abhyankar LN, Jones MR, Guallar E, Navas-Acien A. Arsenic

exposure and hypertension: a systematic review. Environmental

health perspectives, 120(4), 2011, 494500.
6. Greenfacts.org. Arsenic. Facts on Health and the Environment.
Retrieved 1/05/16. http://arsenic/l-2/arsenic-2.htm.
7. Meharg AA, Rahman MM. Arsenic contamination of Bangla-
desh paddy field soils: implications for rice contribution to arsenic
consumption. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(2), 2003,
229234.
8. Chen CJ, Hsueh YM, Lai MS, Shyu MP, Chen SY, Wu MM, KuoTL,
Tai TY. Increased prevalence of hypertension and long-term arsenic
exposure. Hypertension, 25(1), 1995, 5360.
9. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Questions & Answers: Arsenic
in Rice and Rice Products. Retrieved 1/07/16. http://www.fda.gov
/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/Metals/ucm319948.htm.
10. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Arsenic Toxicity.
Environmental Health and Medicine Education. Retrieved 1/04/16.
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/csem.asp?csem=1&po=9.
11. Kempner W. Treatment of hypertensive vascular disease with rice
diet. The American journal of medicine, 4(4), 1948, 545577.
12. Sasaki N. High blood pressure and the salt intake of the Japanese.
Japanese heart journal, 3(4), 1962, 313324.
13. Tobian L. Salt and hypertension. Annals of the NewYork Academy
of Sciences, 304(1), 1978, 178197.
14. Brown JJ, Lever AF, Robertson JI, Semple PF, Bing RF, H eagertyAM,
Swales JD, Thurston H, Ledingham JG, Laragh JH, H ansson L. Salt
and hypertension. The Lancet, 324(8415), 1984, 13331334.
15. Scribner BH. Salt and hypertension. JAMA, 250(3), 1983,
388389.
16. WebMD. What is Metabolic Syndrome? Retrieved 1/06/16.
http://www.webmd.com/heart/metabolic-syndrome/metabolic
-syndrome-what-is-it.
17. Colorectal Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide
in2008Summary. Available from: Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F,
Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. (2010) GLOBOCAN 2008
6 A GUIDE TO MODERN LIVING

v2.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer

Base No. 10 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Re-
search on Cancer. Accessed on 11 Oct 2012.
18. Cross AJ, Ferrucci LM, Risch A, Graubard BI, Ward MH, Park Y,
Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Sinha R. A large prospective study
of meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: An investigation of
potential mechanisms underlying this association. Cancer Research,
70(6), 2010, 24062414.
19. Rostkowska K, Zwierz K, Raski A, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J,
Roszczenko A. Formation and metabolism of N-nitrosamines.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 7, 1998, 321325.
20. Bastide NM, Pierre FH, Corpet DE. Heme iron from meat and risk
of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and a review of the m
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21. Wong KV. Consumption of Red Meat and its Possible Role in
the Etiology of Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Disease and Global
Health, 6(1), 2016, 5155, IK Press.
 Index
Aedes aegypti, 50 Chikungunya virus, 50
Aedes albopictus, 50 Chinese foods, 31
Aedes mosquito, 45 Chromosomal abnormalities, 56
vector behavior, 48 Chronic inflammation, 36
Agriculture, 2627 Colorectal cancer, 28
sustainable, 32 Condoms, 49
Alcohol, risk factor for Congenital kind microcephalic
microcephaly, 59 disease, 57
Amen, Daniel, 27 Craniosynostosis, 56
Anopheles mosquito, 47 Cruciferous vegetables, 11
Anthocyanins, 39 Cytomegalovirus, 56
Arsenic, 1
Arsenopyrite, 2 Dengue fever, 47
Asians virus, 50
metabolic syndrome in, 3 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 22
rice consumption in, 23 Diabesity, 36
Asparagus, 39 Down syndrome, 56
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), 27 Dried shrimp paste, 7, 11
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Druda, Angelo, 36
Disorder, 27 Drugs, risk factor for microcephaly, 59
Avian flu virus, 49
Eating disorders, 37
Bagoong. See Belacan Ebola virus crisis, in West Africa, 59
Belacan, 11 Epstein-Barr virus, 7, 10, 12, 21, 2930
Blood pressure, 1
Bloodbrain barrier, 36 Farmageddon, 27
Bodily fluids, 49 Fauci, Anthony, 47
Brain, 36 Fetal brain, decreased oxygen to, 56
abnormalities, risk of, 56 Flavivirus, 46
ganglia in, 3637 Food, 2627
Brain fog phenomenon, 37 for glucose control, 39
industry, 29
Calcium sulfate, 19, 20, 22 Fossil fuel, 27
Cancer Potency Database, 21 Fructose, 35
Cantonese food, 31
CDC. See Centers for Disease Control Gastritis, 21
and Prevention German measles (rubella), 56
Centers for Disease Control and Gliadin, 28
Prevention (CDC), 46, 47 Glucose control, foods for, 39
Cerebral anoxia, 56 Glucosinolate nutrient, 11
Chickenpox (varicella), 56 in turnip greens, 11
64 INDEX

Gluten, 2728 Miami Herald newspaper, 46

GuillainBarre syndrome, 58 Microcephaly, 46, 47, 4849, 52
background, 5657
H1N1 flu virus, 49 discussion and conclusion, 5960
H5N1 virus, 49 Incas shaped infants, 5859
Helicobacter pylori virus, 21 risk factors of, 55
Heterocyclic amines, 28 Wikipedia information about, 57
HIV, 49 and Zika, leader of neighboring
Honey, 38 country denies link, 5758
Hormonal imbalance, 3 Monoculture, 32
Hot flashes, 37 Mosquito, role of microbiota of, 50
Human papillomavirus (HPV), 46
Hypertension, 1, 1819 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 29
cause of, 1, 2 discussion and conclusion, 1112
discussion and conclusion, 34 hypothesis of, 30
facts and the deduction, 23 literature, facts, and
Hypertensive vascular disease, rice diet the deduction, 89
as therapy for, 3 and nutrition, 7
proposal for research work, 12
Incas in Southern China and Southeast
overpowering of, 58 Asia, 911
shaped infants, 5859 Nitrites, 9, 10, 12
Inflammation, 29 Nitrosamines, 9, 10, 12
Insect vector, 45 Nutritional and health issues
Insulin resistance, 3, 36 background, 2526
Isothiocyanates, 11 discussion and conclusion, 3132
food, agriculture, and sustainability,
Japan, hypertension and salt 2627
intake in, 1819 and public policies, 27
gluten and sugar, 2728
Kapi. See Belacan processed meats, 2829
Krill, 11 salted fish in Southern China and
Southeast Asia, 2931
Larvicide, overdosage of, 59
Obesity, 3
Magnetic resonance imaging, 36 Obesity, 36, 37
Malaria, 48 Onion, 38
Malaysia Opioid, 37
Zika virus in, 4849 Oxytocin, 37
Mam ruoc. See Belacan
Mam tom. See Belacan Phenylketonuria (PKU), 56
Mayo Clinic, 9 PKU. See Phenylketonuria
causes of microcephaly, 5657 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 28
risk factors for NPC, 10 Postnatal kind microcephalic
about stomach cancer, 21 disease, 57
in United States, 30 Pregnancy, infections of
Medieval Sweden, 18 fetus during, 56
Metabolic syndrome, 3 Processed meats, 2829
 INDEX
65
Resilience, 26
Rice
consumption of. See Hypertension
diet as therapy for hypertensive
vascular disease, 3
Salt
-cured foods, 9
discussion and conclusion, 2122
facts and the deduction, 1821
introduction, 1718
Salted fish, 7, 8, 910, 11, 12
consumption of, 10
Salted foods, consumption of, 19
Salted shrimps, 9
consumption of, 10
Seafood, 18
Seasonal flu virus, 49
Seawater, macrocomposition of, 19
Sexual intercourse, 51
Zika through, 49
Single-Photon Emission Computed
Tomography, 28
Sodium chloride, 19
Southeast Asia
nasopharyngeal carcinoma in, 911
salted fish in, 2931
Southern China
nasopharyngeal carcinoma in, 911
salted fish in, 2931
SSS. See Strategies to
Strike out Sugar
Stark malnutrition, 56
Steamed salted fish, 30
Stoccafisso, 8
Stock Fish. See Stoccafisso
Stomach cancer, 22
Mayo Clinic about, 21
rate of, 20
Strategies to Strike out Sugar (SSS),
3536
discussion and conclusion, 40
foods for glucose control, 39
literature survey, 3638
remove from diet, 3839
Sugar, 2728. See also Strategies to
Strike out Sugar (SSS)
Sustainability, 2627
Swine flu, symptoms of, 49
Syndrome X. See Metabolic syndrome
T1DM, 37
T2DM, 37, 39
Tannins, 39
Terasi. See Belacan
Think globally, act locally, 26
Tobacco, 36
Topsoil, loss of, 2627
Toxoplasmosis, 56
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, 27
United States
diverse genetic makeup of, 58
Zika virus in, 49
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 21, 22
US Food and Drug Administration
(USFDA), 1, 2, 31
Virology, 46
Vitamin C, 9, 10, 12, 30
important role, 3031
Water, solubility of chemicals in, 19
Wheat, health effects of, 2728
World Health Organization (WHO),
17, 28, 36
Zika as worldwide crisis, 52
Yellow fever virus, 50
Zika virus
background, 4546
control of, 4850
discussion and conclusion, 5052
and microcephaly, leader of
neighboring country denies
link, 5758
symptomatology, 4647
vector behavior, 48
 OTHER TITLE IN OUR NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
PRACTICE COLLECTION
Katie Ferraro, University of San Francisco School of Nursing, Editor

Diet and Disease: Nutrition for Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Metabolic Stress by Katie Ferraro
Diet and Disease: Nutrition for Gastrointestinal, Musculoskeletal, Hepatobiliary,
Pancreatic, and Kidney Diseases by Katie Ferraro
Nutrition Support by Katie Ferraro
Sports Nutrition by Kary Woodruff
Weight Management and Obesity by Courtney Winston Paolicelli
Introduction to Dietetic Practice by Katie Ferraro
Dietary Supplements by B. Bryan Haycock and Amy A. Sunderman
Nutrition Throughout the Lifecycle by Elizabeth Eilender
Nutrition Assessment by Katie Ferraro
Public Health and Community Nutrition by Elizabeth Eilender

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