2.

4 Time Overcurrent Protection for Phase and Residual Currents

2.4.1.3 Manual Close Command

When a circuit breaker is closed onto a faulted protected object, a high speed re-trip
by the breaker is often desired. The manual closing feature is designed to remove the
delay from one of the time overcurrent stages when the breaker is manually closed
onto a fault. The time delay is then bypassed via an impulse from the external control
switch. This impulse is prolonged by a period of at least 300 ms (Figure 2-54). Ad-
dresses $0$18$/&/26( and/or $ ,0$1&/26( determine for
which stages the delay is defeated under manual close condition.

FNo 00356 50 ms 0 FNo 00561

>Manual Close Man.Clos.
300 ms

Man. Close (internal)

Figure 2-54 Manual close processing

2.4.1.4 Dynamic Cold Load Pickup

With the dynamic cold load pickup feature, it is possible to dynamically increase the
pickup values of the time overcurrent protection stages when dynamic cold load over-
current conditions are anticipated, i.e. when consumers have increased power con-
sumption after a longer period of dead condition, e.g. in air conditioning systems, heat-
ing systems, motors, etc. By allowing pickup values and the associated time delays to
increase dynamically, it is not necessary to incorporate cold load capability in the nor-
mal settings.
Processing of the dynamic cold load pickup conditions is common for all time overcur-
rent stages, and is explained in Section 2.6 (page 108). The alternative values them-
selves are set for each of the stages.

2.4.1.5 Inrush Restraint

When switching unloaded transformers or shunt reactors on a live busbar, high mag-
netizing (inrush) currents may occur. They can amount to a multiple of the rated cur-
rent and, dependent on the transformer size and design, may last from several milli-
seconds to several seconds.
Although overcurrent detection is based only on the fundamental harmonic compo-
nent of the measured currents, false pickup due to inrush might occur since the inrush
current may even comprise a considerable component of fundamental harmonic.
The time overcurrent protection provides an integrated inrush restraint function which
blocks the overcurrent stages I> and Ip (not I>>) for phase and residual currents in
case of inrush detection. After detection of inrush currents above a pickup value spe-
cial inrush signals are generated. These signals also initiate fault annunciations and

7UT612 Manual 79
C53000G1176C1481
2 Functions

start the assigned trip delay time. If inrush current is still detected after expiration of
the delay time, an annunciation is output. Tripping is suppressed.
The inrush current is characterized by a considerable 2nd harmonic content (double
rated frequency) which is practically absent in the case of a short-circuit. If the second
harmonic content of a phase current exceeds a selectable threshold, trip is blocked for
this phase. Similar applies for the residual current stages.
The inrush restraint feature has an upper operation limit. Above this (adjustable) cur-
rent blocking is suppressed since a high-current fault is assumed in this case. The low-
er limit is the operating limit of the harmonic filters (0.2 IN).
Figure 2-55 shows a simplified logic diagram.

 +$503KDVH
fN
IL1
IL2
IL3 2fN & Inrush det. L1
Inrush det.. L2
Inrush det.. L3
FNo 07581 ... 07583
L1 L1 InRush det.
L2 InRush det.
L2 Meas. release L3 InRush det.
L3 Meas. release
Meas. release
,0D[,Q5U3K 
FNo 07571
>BLK Ph.O/C Inr
1
 ,Q5XVK5HVW3K
2))
1 21
Figure 2-55 Logic diagram of the inrush restraint feature example for phase currents

Inrush det.. L1
1 Rush Blk L1

Inrush det.. L2
1 Rush Blk L2

Inrush det.. L3
1 Rush Blk L3
7&5266%/.3K

&5266%/.3KDVH

1 T &
FNo 01843
12 INRUSH X-BLK
1
<(6

Figure 2-56 Logic diagram of the crossblock function for the phase currents

Since the harmonic restraint operates individually per phase, the protection is fully op-
erative even when e.g. the transformer is switched onto a single-phase fault, whereby
inrush currents may possibly be present in one of the healthy phases. However, it is

80 7UT612 Manual
C53000G1176C1481
 2.4 Time Overcurrent Protection for Phase and Residual Currents

also possible to set the protection such that not only the phase with inrush current ex-
hibiting harmonic content in excess of the permissible value is blocked but also the
other phases of the associated stage are blocked (so called cross-block function).
This cross-block can be limited to a selectable duration. Figure 2-56 shows the logic
diagram.
Crossblock refers only to the phase current stages against each other. Phase inrush
currents do not block the residual current stages nor vice versa.

2.4.1.6 Fast Busbar Protection Using Reverse Interlocking

Application Each of the overcurrent stages can be blocked via binary inputs of the relay. A setting
Example parameter determines whether the binary input operates in the normally open (i.e.
energize input to block) or the normally closed (i.e. energize input to release) mode.
Thus, the overcurrent time protection can be used as fast busbar protection in star
connected networks or in open ring networks (ring open at one location), using the
reverse interlock principle. This is used in high voltage systems, in power station
auxiliary supply networks, etc., in which cases a transformer feeds from the higher
voltage system onto a busbar with several outgoing feeders (refer to Figure 2-57).

Infeed direction

Idiff I> I>> I> I>

!,!!EORFN
7UT612

T I> T I>> t1 t1

Trip Trip Trip Trip Trip

T I>
T I>> t1

Fault location : Tripping time T I>>

Fault location : Tripping time t1
Backup time T I>

Figure 2-57 Fast busbar protection using reverse interlock principle

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C53000G1176C1481