Assignment # 1

Subject: Engineering Chemistry

Topic: Fuels

SUBMITTED BY:
Usman Nawaz Ahmad

Reg# 15-ME-023

SUBMITTED TO:
Prof. Moeen

Mechanical Engineering
Gas Fuels
Gas Fuels are those fuels are those fuels, which remain in gaseous form at
ordinary conditions.
CNG and LPG are the examples of gas fuels.

CNG:-
CNG stands for compressed natural gas, generally it is methane contained
at high pressure.
No. Carbon Contents Range (mole %)
1. Methane 87 97
2. Propane 0.1 1.5
3. Iso-Butane 0.01 0.3
4. Iso-Pentane Up to 0.04
5. Ethane 1.5 7.0
6. Normal-Butane 0.01 0.3
7. Hexane plus Up to 0.06
8. nitrogen 0.2 5.5
9. CO2 0.1 1.0
10. Hydrogen Up to 0.02
11. Oxygen 0.01 0.1
About 50.1 kilo joule per gram energy is released by burning
natural gas.
50.1kJ/g
LPG:-

LPG stands for liquefied petroleum gas, also referred sometimes as

propane or butane.
Carbon content Composition in %
1. Ethane Up to 1 %
2. Volatile Sulphur Up to 0.003 %
3. Propane 38 %
4. Is-butane 19 %
5. Nor-butane 41 %
6. Iso-pentane and 1%
olefins

LPG gives us 46.1 mega joules of energy per kg.

46.1MJ/kg

Liquid Fuels
Liquid fuels are flammable particles that can be joined to create
Mechanical energy, usually generating Kinetic energy they must take the
form of their vessel. It is the vapors of liquid fuels that are combustible
instead of the fluid.
Petrol and Diesel fuels are examples of liquid fuels.
 Kerosene:-
Kerosene which is also known as lamp oil, is a flammable hydrocarbon
liquid extensively used as a fuel in production and homes.

Carbon content Composition in %

1. Alkanes and cycloalkanes(naphthenes) 70%
2. Alkyl Benzenes Up to 25%
3. Olefins Up to 5%

About 43.1 MJ/kg to 46.1 MJ/kg energy is obtained by

burning kerosene.

43.1 MJ/kg to 46.1 MJ/kg

Diesel:-
Diesel fuel contains hydrocarbons with boiling points in the variety of 150
to 380C which are acquired from petroleum.

Carbon content Composition in %

1. Paraffin and Up to 75%
Cycloparaffin
2. Naphthalene and Alkyl Up to 25%
benzene

43 MJ/kg to 46.20 MJ/kg is obtained from burning of diesel.

43 MJ/kg to 46.20 MJ/kg

Gasoline:-
It is also known as petrol. It is a petroleum derived liquid that is used as a
fuel in internal combustion engine.

CARBON CONTENT COMPOSITION IN %

1. Alkanes 4-8%
2. Alkenes 2-5%
3. Iso-Alkanes 25-40%
4. Cyclo-Alkanes 3-7%
5. Cyclo-Alkenes 1-4%
6. Aromatics 20-25%
7. Benzene 0.5-2.5%

42.4 MJ/kg is obtained by Petrol

42.4 MJ/kg