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RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM DESIGN

Ir Hj Ismail Abd Rahman

Cawangan Kejuruteraan Awam dan Struktur
Ibu Pejabat JKR Malaysia

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

REFERENCES
DESIGN OF RWHS SHALL REFER :-
a) MSMA Chapter. 6 Rainwater Harvesting
System
b) NAHRIM Technical Guide No. 2
c) Rainwater Harvesting Guidebook JPS
d) Garis Panduan SPAH KPKT
e) Uniform Technical Guide Line Water
Reticulation & Plumbing

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DESIGN GUIDE

DESIGN GUIDE

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DESIGN PROCESS
DETERMINED THE ROOF AREA WHERE RAIN WATER TO BE
HARVESTED
DETERMINED THE USAGE OF RAINWATER LANDSCAPING,
GENERAL WASHING OR TOILET FLUSHING
GUTTER & RWDP SIZING
LEAF FILTER
FIRST FLUSH DIVERTER
TANK SIZING
DISTRIBUTION PIPE
WATER TOP UP/BACK UP
RAINWATER FILTER
PUMPS IF NEED PUMPING

RAINWATER HARVESTING PROCESS

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STEP BY STEP RWH INSTALLATION

1. ROOF SURFACE
2. GUTTER MESH
3. GUTTER OUTLETS
4. LEAF FILTER
5. FIRST FLUSH DIVERTER
6. TANK SCREEN
7. RAINWATER TANK
8. INSECT PROOF SCREEN/AIR GAP TO
OVERFLOW PIPE
9. WATER BACK UP
10. PUMPS
11. RAINWATER FILTER
12. WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

GRAVITY FED SYSTEM

water collected in storage tank and fed by gravity
to the points of use

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

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INDIRECT FED SYSTEM

water collected in storage tank, pumped to
an elevated cistern and fed by gravity to the points of
use

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

DIRECT PUMP SYSTEM

water collected in storage tank and pumped
directly to points of use

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

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PROJECT INFORMATION

Type Building = TABIKA (single storey)

Student Numbers = 40 person
Roof Material = Metal
Rainwater Usage = landscaping & Toilet
Flushing
Roof Area = 240 m2

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

RAINWATER DEMAND FOR DOMESTIC

Table 6.1 : Page 6-5 Chapter 6 MSMA 2nd Edition

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RAINWATER DEMAND PER DAY

Indoor Toilet (single flush) = 9 liter/flush
Number of Student = 40 person
Frequency of Flushing = 5 times/day
Average Usage Toilet Per day = 1800 liter/day
Landscaping = 10 min per/day
Average landscaping usage = 200 liter/day
Total usage per day = 2000 liter/day

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL

Table 6.2 : Page 6-5 Chapter 6 MSMA 2nd Edition

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

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How much water can we harvest?

Catchment Area
(m2) Amount of rainfall Volume of water received
(mm) (Litres)

x x COLLECTION
COEFFICIENCY
=
W

Rain Water Collected

From Both Sides of the
Roof

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

CALCULATION RAINWATER CAN BE HARVESTED

Roof Area = 240 m2 (8m x 30m)

Annual Rainfall = 2527 mm
Collection Efficiency = 85 %
Water can be harvested = 240 m2 x 2.53 x 0.85
= 516 m3/year
= 43.01 m3/month
= 1.44 m3/day
= 1440 liter/day

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ESTIMATED WATER DEMAND

MINIMUM STORAGE CAPACITY

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WATER DEMAND BASED ON FITTINGS

RAINWATER DEMAND (MSMA)

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RAINWATER DEMAND PER DAY

Indoor Toilet (single flush) = 9 liter/flush
Number of Student = 40 person
Frequency of Flushing = 5 times/day
Average Usage Toilet Per day= 1800 liter/day
Landscaping = 10 min per/day
Average landscaping usage = 200 liter/day
Total usage per day = 2000 liter/day

CONVEYANCE`- GUTTER & RWDP

Gutters are used to convey water from the roof to pipes to the
RWH tank
Gutter convey water through rain water down pipe (RWDP)
Rainwater may also collect from the surface via on site
detention system
Normally Gutter and RWDP size can be referred to to Architect
detail

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GUTTER & RWDP DESIGN

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

GUTTER & RWDP DESIGN

Gutter and RWDP sizing can be refer to Chapter 4 : MSMA 2nd Edition

Gutter and RWDP sizing also can refer to NAHRIM Technical Guide No. 2

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LEAF FILTER
Prevents debris from
entering the rainwater
harvesting tank
Improves water quality
Reduces tank
maintenance
Size leaf filter shall
follow RWDP

LEAF FILTER

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FIRST FLUSH DIVERTER

First line of defence against
getting contaminants into
rainwater tank
First Flush Water Diverters
improve water quality,
reduce tank maintenance
and protect pumps by
minimizing the first flush of
water, which may contain
contaminants from the roof,
from entering the tank.

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

FIRST FLUSH LEAF GUARD

RINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

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CALCULATE FIRST FLUSH DIVERTER

(Table 6.3 Chapter 6 : MSMA 2nd Edition)

FIRST FLUSH VOLUME

ROOF AREA(M2)
(LITRE)

Less than 100 m2 0.025 0.05

100 4356 m2 0.25 0.5

Greater than 4356 m2 2.5

Adopt first flush of 5 m3 if surface contains excessive soil, dust or debris.

CALCULATE FIRST FLUSH VOLUME

First flush depth = 0.5 mm rainfall (MSMA 2nd Edition)
= 1.0 mm rainfall (NAHRIM)
Roof Area = 240 m2
First Flush Depth = 0.5 mm rainfall
First flush down pipe = 150 mm
Water to be drain out = 240 m2 x 0.0005
= 0.12 m3 or 120 litre
First Flush Pipe Length = water to drain out (m3) /r2
= 0.12 m3/(3.14 x 0.075 x 0.075)m2
= 2.83 m length.
First Flush Pipe is 2.9 meter length to be installed before enter
the tank

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TANK SIZE ESTIMATION

Simplified Approach
Roof Area = 240 m2
Tank Size = 0.01 x 240 m2
= 2.4 m3

Water Demand Per Day

Average water demand perday = 2000 liter/day
Average for 1 day storage = 3000 liter/day
= 3 m3/day

Rainwater Can Be Harvested/Day = 1440 liter/day

Choose Tank Size = 4 m3

RWH TANK
Rainwater tanks may be provided to collect
rainwater from roof and gutter systems.
These tanks can be used to:
a) provide water for non potable uses
b) on-site detention storage
Tank material can be type of material :-
HDPE
Poly Tank
Steel Tank
FRP

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WATER FILTER

The size of filter shall be

determined by flow rate of the
rainwater intended (litre/hour)

PUMPS
Pumps needs to lift
rainwater from lower to
higher level & boosting
the pressure
Type of pump suitable for
various conditions of use
booster, submersible
etc
Pumps need to calculate
the flow rate and
pressure head required
Pump size and
specification shall refer to
mechanical drawing

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PROJECT : TABIKA KEMAS SELAYANG FASA 1

USAGE : TOILET FLUSHING & LANDSCAPING

RAINWATER TANK

LEAF FILTER

WATER BACKUP

DISTRIBUTION PIPE

FIRST FLUSH

OVER FLOW PIPE

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM KEMAS SELAYANG

FASA 2

Rainwater collected
from the roof
Rainwater uses for
gardening
Water bills reduced 15%
monthly

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PROJECT : TABIKA KEMAS SELAYANG FASA 1

USAGE : TOILET FLUSHING & LANDSCAPING

RAINWATER TANK

LEAF FILTER

WATER BACKUP

DISTRIBUTION PIPE

FIRST FLUSH

OVER FLOW PIPE

RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

GARDENING AREA TOILET FLUSHING

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RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

WATER TAP FOR GARDENING DISTRIBUTION PIPE TO TOILET

Thank You..

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