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sociology as a science of society

concept of theory

trajectory of sociological theory from evolutional, function, positivist to structural, conflict,


poststructural and postmodern

kuhns concept of paradigm and its problems.

sociology developed as a science of society where it was established as field of knowledge closer to
science and scientific methodology was seen as being part of how to analyse society So THE TASK of a
sociologist was to understand whatever existed in the society andtheir relation To EACH Other and to
develop universal laws that can help summarize the social static and dynamic in the society. intial years
of sociology was effected by French revolution and the disruption of the social fabric which led these
sociologist to look in the functional stability of the society. another of the aspect present in the classical
sociology other thean positivism is the evolutionary scheme and biological analogy which we find
explicitly in works of Spencer.

concept of theory is influence by science. in the intial years theories seen in terms of laws which are
universal in nature. but with coming of the postmodern and the ww2 the universality of sociological
laws were under question. and also the breakway from the the concept of positivism with coming of
phenomenonlogy. the use of history in social sciences is much more than in natural sciences.

As knowledge grows complex then it starts developing its own complex vocabulary. this technical
meaning of words is known as concepts. interrelated concepts create theories. theories are interrelated
propositions.proposition are statement which can be either true and false. but thisdefinition of
proposition does nt hold any meaning.becasue it will mean that any set of proposition can be
considered as theory. the theory is an interrelated proposition that holds true in certain space and time.
in sociology the proposition should be formulated in a way that it can be falsified but that proposition
must have some empirical basis. in sociology the choice of facts been a crucial issue that is clouded in
the debate of subjectivity and objectivity, regarding souce and books there are debates of trained
sociological field studies or biographies and narratives. the paradigm shift in theories has also changed
our view of theory and then there are paradigm more in conflict with each other are existing. Kuhn in his
book the structure of scienctific revolution about progression in natural sciences while before it there
were conflicting ideas existed while in natural science there is phase of development of a certain theory
then there is a paradigmatic shift and all system of thought is part of that shift. paradigm as

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