VILLENA, REIGNETH G.

ARCH 4063
BS ARCHITECTURE 4-3 AR. REY S. GABITAN

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

1. It is the change in a shape of a material created when stress is applied?

a. Strain
b. Comprehensive Stress
c. Deformation
d. Deflection1

2. The unit of stress in the Imperial System

a. Pascal
b. N/m2
c. psi2
d. Grains

3. A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection during the
progress of work and _______ years after completion of the project and shall be preserved by the
inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.2.3)

a. 2 Years3
b. 4 Years
c. 5 Years
d. 10 Years

4. Why it that rebars is should have a concrete cover?

a. To prevent rust4
b. For aesthetic consideration
c. Strength
d. Adhesion

5. The minimum bend diameter for 10mm through 25mm bars (NSCP 407.3.3)

a. 12db
b. 6db5
c. 8db
d. 10db

1
Deflection.
(http://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/mechanics-and-strength-of-materials/chapter-6-beam-deflections)
2
Psi - In Imperial units, stress is measured in pound-force per square inch, which is often shortened to "psi"
(https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics))
3
2 Years
(National Structural Code of the Philippines Section 403.2.3)
4
To Prevent rust
(https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/concrete-cover-for-reinforcement/6014/)
5
6db
(National Structural Code of the Philippines Section 407.3.3)
 6. Which is not part of Structural Plans?
a. Foundation Plans
b. Roof Framing Plan
c. Schedule of Beams and columns
d. Schedule of Doors and Windows6

7. For a Residential at Rizal with relatively Sloping Ground, what is the most appropriate Structural
Support?
a. Cantilever Footing on Foundation Wall7
b. Isolated Footing on Foundation Wall
c. Firewall
d. Zocalo Wall

8. What equipment is used for Pile Driving?

a. Rotary Drill
b. Pile Hammer8
c. Auger
d. Pile Drill

9. A Gap between building elements that allows them to move with expansion due to changes in
temperature and moisture is called?
a. Seismic Gap
b. Expansion Gap9
c. Temperature Gap
d. Moisture Gap

10. A Gap between buildings that allow them to move during an earthquake is called?
a. Seismic Gap10
b. Expansion Gap
c. Temperature Gap
d. Moisture Gap

6
Schedule of Doors and Windows
(NATIONAL BUILDING CODE: RULE III - PERMITS AND INSPECTION, SECTION 302. Application for Permits)
7
Cantilever Footing on Foundation Wall
(https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/balanced-footings-and-cantilever-footings/8942/)
8
Pile Hammer
(https://definedterm.com/pile_hammer)
9
Expansion Gap
(https://www.woodandbeyond.com/blog/wood-flooring-expansion-gap-guide/)
10
Seismic Gap
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_gap)
 APPENDIX

Question #1:

Deflection - the deformation of a beam is usually expressed in terms of its

deflection from its original unloaded position. The deflection is measured from the
original neutral surface of the beam to the neutral surface of the deformed beam.
The configuration assumed by the deformed neutral surface is known as the
elastic curve of the beam. (http://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/mechanics-and-
strength-of-materials/chapter-6-beam-deflections)
Strain is a measure of deformation representing the displacement between
particles in the body relative to a reference length.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(mechanics)#Engineering_Strain)
Deformation in a continuum mechanics is the transformation of a body from a
reference configuration.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(mechanics)#Engineering_Strain)

Question #2:

Pascal - stress has its own SI unit, called the pascal. 1 pascal (symbol Pa) is
equal to 1 N/m2 (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics))
N/m2 stress has its own SI unit, called the pascal. 1 pascal (symbol Pa) is
equal to 1 N/m2 (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics))
Psi - In Imperial units, stress is measured in pound-force per square inch, which
is often shortened to "psi" (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics))
Grains - A grain is a unit of measurement of mass, and, for the troy grain, equal
to exactly64.79891 milligrams. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_(unit))

Question #3:

Complete record of tests of materials and of concrete shall be available for

inspection during progress of work and for two (2) years after completion of the
project, or as required by the implementing agency and shall be preserved by
the engineer for that purpose. (National Structural Code of the Philippines
Section 403.2.3)

Question #4:

Concrete cover for reinforcement is required to protect the rebar against

corrosion(To prevent rust) and to provide resistance against fire. The thickness
of cover depends on environmental conditions and type of structural member.
The minimum thickness of reinforcement cover is indicated in the drawings, or
shall be obtained from the relevant code of practice.
(https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/concrete-cover-for-
reinforcement/6014/)

Question #5:

6db
(National Structural Code of the Philippines Section 407.3.3)

Question #6:

Schedule of Doors and Windows Part of Architectural Plans (NATIONAL

BUILDING CODE: RULE III - PERMITS AND INSPECTION, SECTION 302.
Application for Permits)

Question#7:

The balanced footings and cantilever footings are designed by balancing the
loads on the footings through addition of dead loads on the internal column. In
case when the fulcrum is near the internal column, the internal footing may be
very heavy. The strap beam connecting the two footings are designed based
bending moments due to external and internal column loads and as a cantilever
in case of cantilever footings.
 https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/balanced-footings-and-cantilever-
footings/8942/

Isolated footings are most commonly used footings for Reinforced cement
concrete [simple_tooltip
content=A vertical structural member made of reinforced or unreinforced concret
e.]Columns[/simple_tooltip] because it is simple and most economical. An
isolated footing is used to support a single column. Isolated footings are
independent footings which are provided for each column.
https://gharpedia.com/what-is-an-isolated-footing/

Firewalls are, essentially, a tool for reducing the potential for fire to spread
uncontrollably across a property. The original concept of fire divisions was that
fire would not spread out of the fire division under the worst conditions with no
attempts to extinguish it.
http://www.johnivison.com/design-and-construction-of-firewalls/

Zocalo Wall is a wide layer of load-bearing material laid at the bottom of a wall
or column so as to distribute its pressure more widely over the foundation.
http://www.proz.com/kudoz/spanish_to_english/construction_civil_engineering/80
5852-z%C3%B3calo.html

Question#8:

Pile Hammer is the unit that develops the energy used to drive piles, the two
main parts of which are the ram and the anvil.
https://definedterm.com/pile_hammer

An Auger is a drilling device, or drill bit, that usually includes a

rotating helical screw blade called a "flighting" to act as a screw conveyor to
remove the drilled out material. The rotation of the blade causes the material to
move out of the hole being drilled. It is used for digging post holes is called an
'earth auger', 'handheld power earth drill', 'soil auger', or 'mechanized post hole
digger'.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auger_(drill)
In the conventional Rotary Drilling Process, a drilling bit on the lower end of a
drill pipe is turned by a rotary table, boring through layers of rock at several
hundred revolutions. Drill collars are used to increase the drilling pressure.
Jetting liquid is used to cool the rotary drilling bit and transport the drilling
material to the surface.
http://exploration-production-services.de/en/r-rotary-drilling-process.html

Question#9:
The term Expansion Gap, when used in conjunction with wood flooring refers to
the space left around the edges of a room when a floor is fitted. Normally a space
of between 10 and 15mm, it's not a huge amount of space, but it's enough to
help prevent problems with wood flooring when it expands and contracts.
https://www.woodandbeyond.com/blog/wood-flooring-expansion-gap-guide/
A Seismic Gap is a segment of an active fault known to produce significant
earthquakes that has not slipped in an unusually long time, compared with other
segments along the same structure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_gap

Question#10:
A Seismic Gap is a segment of an active fault known to produce significant
earthquakes that has not slipped in an unusually long time, compared with other
segments along the same structure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_gap
 The term Expansion Gap, when used in conjunction with wood flooring refers to
the space left around the edges of a room when a floor is fitted. Normally a space
of between 10 and 15mm, it's not a huge amount of space, but it's enough to
help prevent problems with wood flooring when it expands and contracts.
https://www.woodandbeyond.com/blog/wood-flooring-expansion-gap-guide/