Liquid Pumping 1

Liquid Pumping

2000 AEA Technology plc - All Rights Reserved

Nat Gas WS 7_3.pdf 1
2 Liquid Pumping

Workshop
The liquids generated in the Refrigerated Gas Plant LTS are to be sent to
storage facilities. It has been determined that a pump will be required
to overcome frictional losses in piping. To flow into the storage vessel,
the pressure of the LTS liquids must be increased to at least 8000 kPa.

Learning Objectives
In this workshop you will learn how to:

Model pumps in HYSYS

Use pump curves in HYSYS

2
 Liquid Pumping 3

Building the Simulation

In this workshop, a Pump is added after the Low Temperature Separator
that was modelled in the Refrigerated Gas Plant in Module 4.

The Pump Operation

The Pump operation is used to increase the pressure of an inlet liquid
stream. Depending on the information supplied, the Pump calculates
either an unknown pressure, temperature or pump efficiency.

Calculations
The Pump will calculate the energy required to raise the pressure of a
stream. Multiphase streams (including streams with an sizable vapour
fraction) are acceptable. Calculations are based on the standard pump
equation for power, which uses the pressure rise, the liquid flow rate
and density:

Calculations are based on the standard pump equation for power,

which uses the pressure rise, the liquid flow rate and density:
( Pout Pin )* Flow rate
Power Required ideal = --------------------------------------------------------
-
Liquid Density
This equation defines the ideal power needed to raise the liquid
pressure. The actual power requirement of the Pump is defined in
terms of the Pump Efficiency:
Power Required ideal
- * 100
Efficiency (%) = --------------------------------------------------------
Power Required actual
When the efficiency is less than 100%, the excess energy goes into
raising the temperature of the outlet stream.

Combining the above equations leads to the following expression for

the actual power requirement of the Pump.This equation defines the
ideal power needed to raise the liquid pressure. The actual power
requirement of the Pump is defined in terms of the Pump Efficiency:
( P out P in )*Flow rate*100
Power Required actual = -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Liquid Density*Efficiency (%)

3
4 Liquid Pumping

Finally, the actual power is equal to the difference in heat flow between
the outlet and inlet streams:

Power Required actual = ( Heat Flow outlet Heat Flow inlet )

If the feed is fully defined, you need only supply two of the following
variables for the pump to calculate all unknowns:

Outlet Pressure or Pressure Rise

Efficiency
Pump Energy

HYSYS can also back-calculate the inlet Pressure.

Note that for a Pump, an efficiency of 100% does not correspond to a

true isentropic compression of the liquid. Pump calculations are
performed by HYSYS with the assumption that the liquid is
incompressible; that is, the density is constant (liquid volume is
independent of pressure). This is the usual assumption for liquids well
removed from the critical point, and the standard pump equation is
generally accepted for calculating the power requirement. However, if
you wish to perform a more rigorous calculation for pumping a
compressible liquid (i.e. one near the critical point), you should instead
install a Compressor to represent the pump.

If you choose to represent a pump by installing a Compressor in HYSYS,

the power requirement and temperature rise of the compressor will
always be greater than those of the pump (for the same fluid stream),
because the compressor treats the liquid as a compressible fluid. When
the pressure of a compressible fluid increases, the temperature also
increases, as does the specific volume. More work is required to move
the fluid than if it were incompressible, exhibiting little temperature
rise, as is the case with a HYSYS Pump.In addition to specify a pressure
change across the pump, you can select to have the pressure change
calculated via a Pump Curve, which is a quadratic expression which
calculates pressure rise as a function of flow.

4
 Liquid Pumping 5

Installing the Pump

1. Open the Refrigerated GAs Plant case built in Module 4. If you
have not saved the case you can open it from the diskette,
a:\Module4.hsc
2. Add a Pump operation to the simulation.
3. On the Connections page, supply the Inlet, Outlet and Energy
streams.
Pump button

4. Move to the Parameters page. Use the default Efficiency of 75%.

5. On the Work Sheet page, supply a discharge pressure of 8000 kPa

(1160 psia).

5
6 Liquid Pumping
You can supply your actual
Pump curve in EXCEL and
then regress the points to fit a
Quadratic Equation which
can be put into HYSYS.
6
What is the discharge temperature?___________
What is the energy requirement?__________
Pump Curves
Actual pump operating characteristics can be supplied in the form of
coefficients for a quadratic equation which will determine the
discharge pressure from the pump. These coefficients are supplied on
the Curve page tab of the Pump unit operation. Note: If using curves to
calculate the pump discharge pressure, ensure that the discharge
pressure is not specified.
If you wish to supply a pump curve, move to the Curve page and
provide the coefficients for the quadratic pump equation, as well as the
units for pressure and flow. Then select Enable Curves, and HYSYS will
determine the pressure rise across the Pump for the given flowrate. This
functions in dynamic mode as well, with the outlet pressure varying as
a function of flow.
Exercise 1
You meet with a pump salesman who insists that his top-of-the line
pump, which is very expensive, will meet your minimum discharge
pressure (8000 kPa (1160 psia)). He provides you with the following
coefficients for the pumps performance curve. Should you start
preparing a purchase order?
A=450
B=-2
C=-0.05
The units are:
Head, m
Flow Basis, Act Vol Flow
Units for Flow, m3/h
 Liquid Pumping 7

What is the discharge pressure of the pump when the curve

is used? ________________

Will this pump meet the pressure requirements of the

system? ________________

What is the maximum flowrate that this pump can handle

and still meet the pressure requirements? __________

7
8 Liquid Pumping