:

.

.
.

.
.


.

.

.

1395


-1 : ) ( 1 .....................

-1-13........................................................................................................................................................... :
-2-1 3.........................................................................................................
-3-1 6 ...................................................................................................................................................
-4-1 9...................................................................................................................................................
-5-1 9.................................................................................................................................
-1-5-1 10...............................................................
-6-1 10................
-1-6-1 11.................................................................................................
-2-6-1 13........................................................................
-3-6-1 14......................................................
-4-6-1 15......................................................................................................................
-5-6-1 15......................................................................
-6-6-1 15..................................................................................................
-7-1 15..................................................................................................................
-8-1 16 .................................................................................................................................
-9-1 19.................................................................................................
-10-1 20...........................................................................................................................................
-1-10-1 21...................................................................................................................................
-11-1 21.......................................................................................................................................................
-12-1 22.............................................................
-13-1 ) ( 26 ...................................................................................
-1-13-1 27...........................................................................................................
-14-1 ) ( 27............................................................................
-15-1 29...........................................................................................................................
-16-1 )31.......................................................(1970
-17-1 31...............................................................................................................
-1-17-1 31....................................................................................................
-18-1 32....................................................................................
-19-1 40..................................................................................................................................................

 -20-1 41 ...................................................................................................................................................
-21-1 42 .............................................................................................
-22-1 42 ............................................................................................
-23-1 43 .............................................................................
-24-1 44 ......................................
-25-1 44 ..............................................................................................................................
-26-1 46 .......................................................................................................................
-27-1 46 ...............................................................................................
-28-1 47 ............................................................................................
-29-1 47 .......................................................................................................
-30-1 50 ......................................................
-1-30-1 50 .......................................................................................
-2-30-1 53 ..................................................................
-3-30-1 53 .....................................................................
-4-30-1 54 ...............................................................................................
-31-1 56 ..........................................................................................
-32-1 58 ..............................................................................................................................

-2 : 60...........................................................................................

-1-262 .........................................................................................................................................................
-2-2 62 ..............................................................
-1-2-2 62 ............................... .
-2-2-2 65 ..................................................................................................................
-3-2 67 .................................................................................................................
-4-2 68 .................................................................................................................
-1-4-2 68 ......................................................................
-2-4-2 68 ................................................................
-3-4-2 68 .....................................................................
-4-4-2 69 .....................................................................
-5-4-2 70 ...................................................
-5-2 71 ........................................................................................
-1-5-2 72 .................................................................................................
-2-5-2 72 ................................................................................................................
-6-2 75 ..............................................................................................
-7-2 75 ..............................................................................................................

 -8-2 77......................................................................................................................................
-9-2 77..........................................................................................................................................
-10-2 77.................................................................................................................
-11-2 78...................................................................................................
-1-11-2 78......................................................................................................
-2-11-2 78....................................................................................................................

-3 : 80 ....................................................................................

-1-3 82.........................................................................................................................................................
-2-3 82................................................................................................
-3-3 83......................................................................................................................................
-4-3 84......................................................................................................
-1-4-3 84....................................................................................................................................
-2-4-3 84..................................................................................................................
-3-4-3 85................................................................................................
-4-4-3 85...................................................................................................................
-5-3 85.................................................................................................................................................
-6-3 ) ( 86 .........................................
-7-3 86 ...........................................................................................................................
-8-3 87.........................................................................................................
-9-3 87.....................................................................................................................

-4 : 90 ...................................................................................

-1-4 92.........................................................................................................................................................
-2-4 92...................................................................................................
-3-4 95......................................................
-4-4 98................................................................................................
-5-4 98....................................................................................................
-6-4 100 ...........................................................................................................................
-7-4100 ................................................................................................................................................
-8-4101 .............................................................................................................................................

-5 : 104......................

-1-5106 ..................................................................................................................................................... :
-2-5 106 .....................................................................................................................

 -3-5 107 .......................................................................................
-4-5 108 .............................................................................................................
-5-5 111 ................................................................................................
-6-5 115 ................................................
-1-6-5 115 .................................................................................................
-7-5 )116............................................................... (1945
-8-5 117 ...........................................................................................
-9-5 117 ................................................................................................................
-10-5 117 ................................................................................
-11-5 118 ....................................................................................................
-1-11-5 118 ......................................................
-2-11-5 119 ..................................................................................................
-12-5 119 ...................................................................................................

-6 : 122 ......................................................

-1-6124 ..................................................................................................................................................... :
-2-6 124 ...........................................................................................................................................
-3-6 124 .........................................................................................................
-4-6 125 .................................................................................................................
-5-6 - 126....................................................................................

-7 : 128 ....................................................

-1-7130 .................................................................................................................................................... :
-2-7 130 .....................................................................................................................................
-3-7 - 130 ....................................................................................
-4-7 131 .................................................................................................
-5-7 132 ...................................................................................................................................

-8 : 134 ..............................................................

-1-8 136.......................................................................................................................................... :
-1-1-8 )136.............................................................................................................................. (Lava
-2-1-8 136...............................................................................................................
-3-1-8 137 ...................................................................................................................................
-4-1-8 137 ........................................................................................................
-5-1-8 137 ........................................................................................................................

 -6-1-8 137 ...........................................................................
-7-1-8 138 ..................................................................................................................................
-2-8 138 ..............................................................................................................................
-3-8 139 ......................................................................................
-4-8 139 ........................................................................................................................................
-5-8 139 .........................................................................................................................................
-6-8 139 ......................................................................................................................................
-7-8 139 ...............................................................................
-8-8 141 ...................................................................................
-1-8-8 141 ....................................................................................................................
-2-8-8 141 .....................................................................................................................................
-9-8 142 ................................................................................................. IUGS
-1-9-8 142 ......................................................................................................................
-10-8 142 .............................................................................................................................
-1-10-8 142 ......................................................................................................
-11-8 144 .....................................................................................................................
-1-11-8 145 ...............................................................................................................................
-2-11-8 145 ......................................................................................
-3-11-8 146 ..............................................................................................
-12-8147 .............................................................................................................................................
-13-8 )( 147 ..............................................................................................
-14-8 148 ..........................................................................................................................
-15-8 154 ...................................................................................................
-16-8 155 .........................................................................................................................
-17-8 156 .............................................................................................................. TAS
-18-8 QAPF 157 ...........................................................................
-19-8 )159 ........................................................................................................... (M > %90
-20-8 159 ....................................................................................................................
-21-8 159 ..............................................................................................................................................
-22-8 159 ............................................................................................................

-9 : 164 ........................................................

-1-9 166 ....................................................................................................................

-2-9 166 ..........................................................................................................
-3-9 166 .......................................................................................................................

 -4-9 168................................................................................................................................
-5-9 168................................................................................................................................
-6-9 169..................................................................................................
-7-9 170 ....................................................................................................................................
-8-9 171 .............................................................................................
-9-9 172 ..........................................................................................

-10 : 174 .........................................................................

-1-10 176...............................................................................................................
-2-10 176.............................................................................................................................
-3-10 177 ...............................................................................................................................
-4-10 177 ..............................................................................................
-5-10 177 ................................................................................................................................
-6-10 ) ( 177 ..........................................................................
-7-10 178 ..................................................................................

-11 : 180.........................

-1-11182 ..................................................................................................................................................:
-2-11 182 ................................................................................................................................................
-3-11 182 ...............................................................................................................................
-1-3-11 182 ..................................................................................................
-2-3-11 182 .................................................................................................
-4-11 182 ..............................................................................................................................
-1-4-11 182 ......................................................................................................................
-2-4-11 183 ..........................................................................................
-3-4-11 185 .........................................................
-4-4-11 ) ( 186....................................
-5-11 188 ........................................................................................................................
-6-11 189 ..............................................................................................................................

-12 : )( 192 ...................................

-1-12194 ..................................................................................................................................................:
-2-12 194 ......................................................................................................................
-3-12 195 ..........................................................................................................................................

 -13 : 198...............................................

-1-13 200 ....................................

-1-1-13 200 ..............................................................................................
-2-1-13 202 ...............................................................................................
-3-1-13 204 ..................................................................................................
-4-1-13 204 ................................................................................
-5-1-13 204 ........................................................................................
-2-13 204 .....................................................................................

-14 : 206 ................................................

-1-14 208 .......................................................................................................................

-2-14 208 .................................................................................................................................
-1-2-14 )( 208 .........................................................................................
-2-2-14 208 ................................................................................................................................
-3-2-14 )( 209 .....................................................................................
-3-14 210 .......................................................................................................................................AFM
-4-14 ACF 211 ........................................................................................................................ AFK
-5-14 212 ............................................................................................................................ SCM

-15 : 214 ............................................................................

-1-15216 .................................................................................................................................................. :
-2-15 216 .............................................................................................................................
-1-2-15 218 ............................................................................
-2-2-15 218 ..................................................................................
-3-2-15 219 ......................................................................................................
-4-2-15219 ...................................................................................................................................
-5-2-15 219 ..................................................................................................................................
-6-2-15 220 ............................................................................................................
-3-15 220 ...................................................................................................................
-1-3-15 220 ..................................................................................................................
-2-3-15 ) ( 220 ......................................
-3-3-15 ) ( 221 ...................................................................
-4-3-15 )( 221 ...........................................................................................................
-5-3-15 ) ( 222 ......................................................................................

 -4-15 222 ................................................................................................................................
-1-4-15 )224 ............................................................................................. (C=1
-2-4-15 ) 225 .............................................................. (C = 2
-3-4-15 228 ............................................................
-4-4-15 228 ................................................
-5-4-15 229 ...............
-6-4-15 231
-5-15 232 .........................................................................................................................
-1-5-15 234 ................................................................................
-2-5-15 ) ( )235 .............................. (m
-3-5-15 ) - - (236................. Ne - Ks - SiO2
-6-15 236......................................................................................................................

-16 238 ................................. 80

-17 244 .............................................................. 80
-18 246 ................................. 81
-19 250 ............................................................... 81
-20 253 ................................. 82
-21 259 ..............................................................82
-22 262................................. 83
-23 270 ............................................................. 83
-24 272 ................................ 84
-25 279 .............................................................84
-26 282 ................................ 85
-27 289 ............................................................ 85
-28 291 .................................86
-29 297 ............................................................. 86
-30 300 ................................. 87
-31 305............................................................. 87
-32 307................................ 88
-33 312 ............................................................. 88

 -34 314................................. 89
-35 319..............................................................89
-36 321.................................. 90
-37 326 ..............................................................90
-38 329 ................................. 91
-39 332.............................................................. 91
-40 333 ................................ 92
-41 336.............................................................. 92
-42 338 ............................... 93
-43 341.............................................................. 93
-44 343 ............................... 94
-45 345............................................................. 94
-46 349 .........................................................................................................

:1-1 ) 4 ........... .(1999

:2-1 42 ........................................................................................... .
:3-1 ).(1985
43 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
:1-3 82 .......................................................................................
:2-3
120 .
)83 ............................................................................................................................................................... .(1979
:1-4 ) Lewis & McConchie ,
97 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... .(1994
:2-4 98 .......................................................................................... .
:1-5 106........................................................................................................ .
:2-5 115 ....................................................................................................................
: 3-5 ) Fe,Mn , Cu, Co, Ni (
)119 ............................................................................. (1977
1-8 ) 146........................... .(1989
2-8 156......................................................................................
1-11 183 ...........................................................................................................

:1-1 )5............ .(Folk, Andrews and Lewis 1970

: 2-1 7............................................................................................ .
:3-1 13.................................................................. .
:4-1
14...................................................................................................................................................................................... .
:5-1 14.............................................................................................................. .
:6-1 ) 1 .(1977 2 )
)( )(( 317.................................................................................................... .
:7-1 / )22........................ .(Lewis & McConchie 1994
:8-1 ) .(1974 27. .
:9-1 30............................................................. .1987
:10-1
) 10 15( )
30.................................................................................................................................................................. .(1980
:11-1 ) ( ) 1975
32.............................................................................................................................................................................. .(1997
:12-1 ) TE ( ) SS () CAI
() BA ( ) FA ( )
1984 (43......................................................................................................................................................................... .
:13-1 QFL QmFLt
) 44............................................................................................... .(1983
:14-1 57.............................................................................. .1982
:1-2
. )65 .............................................................................................. .(1983
:2-2 )69 ..................................................... .(1962
:3-2 ) 70.............................. .(1962
:4-2 ) 1975 71.......................... .(1992
:5-2 73..........................................................................................................
:6-2 Mg/Ca 73...........................
:1-3 .

86 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
:2-3 ( ( ) .(1969
87 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................
:1-4 94 ......................................................................... .
:2-4 100 ......................................................................................................... .
:3-4 102 ....................... .
:1-5 Eh - pH 107 .............................................................................. .
:2-5 .
)108 ....................................................................................................................................................................... .(1981
:3-5 Eh Ps-2 pH 7/4 109 .............................................................. .
:4-5 Eh pH 109 ........................................... .
:5-5 Pco2 pH 110 ...................................................... .
:6-5 Pco2 pH 111 ..........................................................
:7-5(
.( .
112 ............................................................................................................................. .
:8-5 112 ................. .
:9-5 ) ( 113 ............. .
:10-5 117 ............................................................. .
:11-5( .(

1 10-6 118 .................................................................. .
:1-8 138 ..................................................................................................................................... .
:2-8 . - -
- - -141 ...........................................................................
3-8 )
144 ................................................................................................................................................................... .(1978
:4-8 QAPF <90%
149 ............................................................................................................................................................................................M
:5-8 M > 90% QAPF
) IUGS 150 ............................................................................................................... .(1989
:6-8 ) 155 .........................(1989
:7-8 M < 90% QAPF

) IUGS 156 ................................................................................................................ .(1989
:1-9 ( :b - a :d - c . e - .
:f .( 173 ............................... .
:1-11 186 ............................................................................. .
2-11 188 ....................................................... .
3-11 190 ...................................................................................... .
:1-14 An (Al3) And SiO2 208 .................. .
:2-14 )(209 .........................................................................................................
3-14 210 ................................................................................. .
4-14 AFM 211 ......................................... .
5-14 ) AFK (B) , ACF (A 211 .................... .
6-14 SCM ) (212 ......
:1-15 217 ...................................................... .
:2-15 AFM 218 .................................. .
:3-15 223 ..................................................................Al2SiO3
:4-15
)(224 ............................................................................................................................................................ .
:5-15 226 ..........................
:6-15 226 ......................................
:7-15 -227 .............................................
:8-15 228 ................................... .
:9-15 - 228 .......................................... .
:10-15 229 ....................... .
:11-15 229 .................................. .
:12-15 .
230 .................................................................................................................................................................................................
:13-15 230 .................................... .f
:14-15 - 231 .............. .a
:15-15 231 .............. .j
:16-15 .
232 .................................................................................................................................................................................................
:17-15 233 .......................................................................................................................... .
:18-15 233 .................

 :19-15 233 ...................................................... .
:20-15 234 ............................................................................................... .
:21-15 234 ......................................................... .
:22-15 235 ................................
:23-15 235 ....................................................................
:24-15 ) ( )236............................................ .(m
:25-15 .
237 ................................................................................................................................................................................................