SIR Report 2016

Report
of
The Survey on Investment from Remittance 2016
BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS (BBS)

STATISTICS AND INFORMATICS DIVISION (SID)
MINISTRY OF PLANNING
GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH
www.bbs.gov.bd
Published in June 2016

Report of
The Survey on Investment from Remittance 2016
Cover Page Design:

Mr. Md. Rafiqul Islam, Computer Operator, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Published by: Reproduction, Documentation & Publication (RDP) Section

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
ISBN-
COMPLIMENTARY
For further information on the report, please contact:
Project Director
Economic Census 2013 Project
ParishankhyanBhaban
E-27/A, Agargaon, Dhaka
Email: dilderbbsbd@yahoo.com
This book or any portion thereof cannot be copied, reproduced or microfilmed without the prior approval
of the competent authority.
The full report is available in Compact Disc (CD) as well as BBS website: www.bbs.gov.bd.
Minister
Ministry of Planning
Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh
Message
I am very glad to know that Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) is going to release the result of the
Survey on Investment from Remittance after completing its all activities successfully and quickly. I am
amazed to see the promptness of the project team to bringing out such an important survey report
including preparatory and field works within a period of four months. This bears the evidence of
strong commitment and capability of BBS in completing a survey with a very short span of time.
The present government has given due emphasis on evidence-based planning and policy making.
Hence, we have put the extreme importance to quality and timely release of statistical data. In view of
this, we have re-established the Statistics Division and renamed it as Statistics and Informatics
Division with some extended functions. In addition, we have enacted the Statistics Act 2013 and
developed the National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS). All these efforts are
adding significant values to strengthen our statistical system.
Along with others, this report will provide useful information on investments which are directly
invested from the remittance received at household level. I believe that data provided in this report
could be used as the benchmark for appropriate policy intervention for ensuring the optimum use of
our remittance. Besides, it will significantly help the policy makers, planners, researchers,
administrators, development partners and other agencies for formulating their plans and programs for
overall development of the country.
My heartfelt thanks to all concerned of SID and BBS for bringing out this report ahead of stipulated
time. I do appreciate the hard work of project team to complete the survey with the quickest possible
time. I would like to thank persons both within and outside the government who contributed to the
smooth implementation of the survey and make it a success.
Dhaka AHM Mustafa Kamal, FCA, MP

June, 2016
Minister of State
Ministry of Finance & Ministry of Planning
Message
I am happy to know that Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) has successfully conducted the Survey
on Investment from Remittance with the objective of identifying the proportion of investment that are
directly invested from the remittance by the households at the micro level. BBS has done an excellent
job in conducting the survey very quickly and publishing the report before the stipulated time.
Although the main focus of the survey is to unveil the investment which are directly invested from the
remittance at household level, some additional information relating to savings from remittance,
characteristics of expatriates as well as their households etc. are also given in the report. I believe that
the data presented in this report will provide a quality database that could be used by the policy
makers and others for formulating their plans and programs for the development of the country.
I thank Mr. K M Mozammel Hoq, Secretary of Statistics and Informatics Division and Mr. Mohammad
Abdul Wazed, Director General of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics for bringing out this report very
quickly. My special thanks to Mr. Md. Dilder Hossain, Project Director of Economic Census 2013
Project, his team members and all officials of BBS who have worked hard in completing the task in
timely manner. I also acknowledge the contribution of the persons both within and outside the
government for making the survey a success.
Dhaka M. A. Mannan, MP
June, 2016
Secretary
Statistics and Informatics Division
Foreword
The Survey of Investment from Remittance (SIR) is an instantly demand-based survey which was
carried out in a very short stipulated time. No sooner the planning of the survey was done, it had been
implemented after accomplishing a lot of pre-survey and post-survey activities. Really it was a
tremendous effort made by all concerns of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) in conducting the
survey in a hardcore situation. This is why, I express my deep contentment knowing that BBS is going
to publish the report today through overcoming especially the time-related challenge. I really feel
proud of the enhanced capabilities of the BBS officials.
The aim of the survey is to identify the sectors of investment and other related pattern and to estimate
average amount invested from remittance by the household members of the expatriates in Bangladesh
in 2015. I believe that it will serve as a very useful document for the planners and researchers of
Bangladesh in formulating evidence-based realistic policies on the use and investment of remittance. I
also hope that this report will be very useful for people of all corners who are interested in remittance-
based work.
Finally, I express my profound appreciation and thanks to Mr. Mohammad Abdul Wazed, Director
General of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Mr. Md. Baitul Amin Bhuiyan, Deputy Director General
of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Mr. Md. Dilder Hossain, Project Director of Economic Census
2013 Project and the Project Team and all other officials of BBS for their sincere efforts in timely
publication of this report. In this connection, I would like to pay my heartfelt homage to those
expatriates who send valuable foreign currencies to Bangladesh through untiring efforts in a foreign
country.
Dhaka K M Mozammel Hoq

June, 2016
Director General
Statistics and Informatics Division
Preface
The aim of this report is to provide pattern of investment from remittance sent to Bangladesh by the
expatriates during last one year. I do believe and hope that this report will be very much useful for the
government in taking evidence-based policies to attract more productive investment from remittances
in the years to come and consequently to raise the GDP growth rate of the country. Besides,
academicians, researchers, students, expatriates and people from all respects will be benefited a lot
from this report.
I would like to thank the officials and employees of BBS who worked hard with their utmost sincerity
from planning to the implementation of the survey and thereupon bringing out this report much in
time. In particular, I would like to thank and acknowledge the heartfelt effort of Mr. Md. Dilder
Hossain, Project Director and his team in conducting the survey and publishing the report in a very
short time.
Any comments and suggestions for further improvement of the report will be highly appreciated.
Dhaka Mohammad Abdul Wazed

June, 2016
Project Director
Economic Census 2013 Project
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my profound regards and heartiest gratitude to Mr. K M Mozammel Hoq,
Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) for his strong guidance and wholehearted support for
successfully conducting the survey and publishing the report. I would also like to extend my heartfelt
gratefulness to Mr. Mohammad Abdul Wazed, Director General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
for his insightful views, valuable suggestions and recommendations for successful completion of the
survey. Their experiences on varying backgrounds, interest in and deep knowledge on the subject have
helped shape the report into its final form.
My deep gratitude to Mr. M. Shafiqul Islam, Additional Secretary and Mr. M.A. Mannan Howlader,
Additional Secretary (Development) of Statistics and Informatics Division and Mr. Md. Baitul Amin
Bhuiyan, Deputy Director General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics for their outstanding support and
continuous guidance for preparing and publishing the report quickly.
Dr. Syed Shahadat Hossain, Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT) and Dr. Dipankar Roy,
Joint Director, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics deserve special thanks for their valuable inputs in
completion of the survey as well as the report. Mr. Hossain and Dr. Roy contributed notably in developing
the methodology of the survey including the sample design. The entire report has been reviewed by Mr.
Durga Pada Bhattacharjee, Deputy Secretary (Retd.) and Mr. Mahmudul Hoque, Deputy Secretary (Retd.).
Their contribution for enriching the report is highly admirable.
I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of all members of the Technical Committee for their cordial
guidance and advices to accomplish the survey successfully. I am also thankful to the members of the
Working Committee and the Report Finalization Committee for providing their valuable efforts in
finalizing this report. My warm thanks are also due to Mr. Md. Shamsul Alam, Ex-Director (CC) of BBS,
Mr. Md. Rafiqul Islam, Deputy Project Director, Mr. Mohiuddin Ahmed, Deputy Project Director, Reshma
Jesmin, Statistical Officer, Mr. Pratik Bhattacharjee, Statistical Officer and other staff of Economic Census
2013 Project for their untiring efforts in accomplishing the survey and completing this report at the
shortest possible time. My thanks also go to Mr. Abdur Rashid Sikder, National Consultant and Mr. Md.
Shazadur Rahman, Data Processing Consultant for their cooperation and assistance. I am especially
thankful to Mr. Md. Rezaul Karim, Assistant Statistical Officer for his uncompromising effort in
processing the data successfully. Finally, I am grateful to the respondents who extended their cooperation
for filling up the questionnaires giving time despite their involvement in their own works.
Dhaka Md. Dilder Hossain

June, 2016
Table of Contents
Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................................... xvii
Key Findings ...................................................................................................................................................... xix
Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................................... xxiii
Chapter I: Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Remittance in Economic Development ........................................................................................................1
1.2 Remittance from the Global Perspective ......................................................................................................1
1.3 Remittance in Bangladesh ............................................................................................................................3
1.4 Background of the Survey ............................................................................................................................4
1.5 Objectives of the Survey ..............................................................................................................................5
Chapter II: Survey Methodology ............................................................................................................................7
2.1 Sample Design ..............................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Questionnaire Design: ..................................................................................................................................7
2.3 Data Collection .............................................................................................................................................7
2.4 Data Editing and Coding ..............................................................................................................................8
2.5 Data Processing ............................................................................................................................................8
2.6 Tabulation .....................................................................................................................................................9
2.7 Data Analysis................................................................................................................................................9
2.8 Data Dissemination ......................................................................................................................................9
2.9 Scope and Coverage of the Survey ...............................................................................................................9
2.10 Limitations of the Survey ...........................................................................................................................9
Chapter III: Remittance Income ...........................................................................................................................11
Chapter IV: Investment and Expenditure .............................................................................................................17
Chapter V: Savings ...............................................................................................................................................29
Chapter VI: Investment, Savings and Expenditure...............................................................................................35
Appendices ...........................................................................................................................................................37
Appendix-1: Characteristics of Remittance Receiving Households .................................................................39
Appendix-2: Characteristics of Expatriates ......................................................................................................43
Appendix-3: Detailed Statistical Tables ...........................................................................................................49
Appendix-4: Standard Error ............................................................................................................................53
Appendix-5: List of Countries Where Migrant Workers are Insignificant ......................................................55
Bibliography .........................................................................................................................................................57
Annex ...................................................................................................................................................................59
Annex I: Key findings of Survey on the Use of Remittance 2013 ..................................................................61
Annex II: Methodology of Survey on the Use of Remittance (SUR) 2013 ......................................................65
Annex III: Survey Questionnaire (Bangla Version) ........................................................................................75
Annex IV: Survey Questionnaire (English Version) .......................................................................................77
Annex V: Data Collection/ Enumeration Areas ..............................................................................................79
Annex VI: Committees involved in Preparation of the Report .......................................................................97
Annex VII: Personnel involved in preparation of the Report .........................................................................101
Annex VIII: Project Team ..............................................................................................................................103
xiii
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Top 15 Recipient Countries of Remittance (In Billion US Dollar), 2008-2015 ....................................2
Table 1.2: Modes of Service Exports under GATS ................................................................................................2
Table: 3.1: Average Remittance Received by the Remittance Receiving Household by Division, 2016 and 2013......11
Table 3.2: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Received by Cash & Kind and by Division, 2016 and 2013 .12
Table 3.3: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver by Division, 2016 ...................................12
Table 3.4: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver by Sex and by Division, 2016 .................13
Table 3.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance by Mode of Sending and by Remitter Country, 2016 ...........14
Table 4.1: Distribution of Remittance Receiving Households According to Their Investment Decision by
Division, 2016 ....................................................................................................................................17
Table 4.2: Average Investment from Remittance by Division, 2016 ...................................................................18
Table 4.3: Investment by Category as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016 .................................18
Table 4.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Investment by Category and by Division, 2016 ....................20
Table 4.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Size of Investment and by Division, 2016 .......21
Table 4.6: Average Expenditures in Selected Heads from Remittance by Division, 2016 ....................................22
Table 4.7: Expenditures in Selected Heads as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016 .....................23
Table 4.8: Percentage Distribution of Expenditure in Selected Heads from Remittance by Division, 2016 .......24
Table 4.9: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Size of Expenditure in Selected
Heads by Division, 2016 ....................................................................................................................25
Table 4.10: Distribution of Loan Repayment as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016 ..................26
Table 5.1: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Households According to their Savings Status by
Division, 2016 ....................................................................................................................................29
Table 5.2: Average Remittance Savings of RRHH by Division, 2016.................................................................30
Table 5.3: Savings by Category as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016 ......................................30
Table 5.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Savings by Category, 2016 and 2013 ....................................31
Table 5.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Savings by Category and by Division, 2016 .........................32
Table 5.6: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Range of Remittance Savings by
Division, 2016 ....................................................................................................................................33
Table 6.1: Distribution of Investment, Savings and Expenditure in Selected Heads as the Percentage of
Remittance Received in 2015 by Division, 2016 ...............................................................................35
Table 6.2: Expenditure for Land Purchase, House/Flat Purchase, Loan Repayment and Investment on
Construction and reconstruction of kutcha, semi-pucca or pucca house/ building/ flat/ boundary
wall/personal roads etc. as the Percentage of Remittance Received in 2015 by Division, 2016........36
xiv
Appendices ...........................................................................................................................................................37
A 1.1: Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Division .................................................................39
A 1.2: Percentage Distribution of Head of Remittance Receiving Household and General Household by Sex and
by Division ................................................................................................................................................39
A 1.3 a: Percentage Distribution of Head of RRHH by Level of Education and by Division, 2016....................39
A 1.3 b: Percentage Distribution of Head (Male) of RRHH by Level of Education and by Division, 2016 .......40
A 1.3 c: Percentage Distribution of Head (Female) of RRHH by Level of Education and by Division, 2016 ....40
A 1.4: Distribution of Head of RRHH as Principal Remittance Receiver by Division, 2016 ..............................40
A 1.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household Owning Land by Size and by Division, 2016 ...41
A 1.6: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household Owning Land by Category and by Division, 2016 .....41
A 2.1: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Sex and by Division ................................................................43
A 2.2: Gender Composition of Expatriates by Age Group, 2016 .........................................................................43
A 2.3 a: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Level of Education and by Division, 2016 ..........................43
A 2.3 b: Percentage Distribution of Male Expatriates by Level of Education and by Division, 2016 .................44
A 2.3 c: Percentage Distribution of Female Expatriates by Level of Education and by Division, 2016 ..............44
A 2.4: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Length of Living in Abroad and by Division, 2016 ...............44
A 2.5: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Occupation and by Living Country, 2016 ..............................45
A 2.6: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Level of Education and by Living Country, 2016 ..................46
A 2.7: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates Currently at Home by Reasons and by Division, 2016 ...............47
A 3.1: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Level of Education and Living Country .................................49
A 3.2: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Mode of Going Abroad and by Sex ........................................50
A 3.3: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Occupation and by Category of Own Land, 2016 ..................50
A 3.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Category of Investment and by Division ....50
A 3.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Expenditures in Selected Heads and by
Division .....................................................................................................................................................51
A 3.6: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Category of Savings and by Division .51
xv
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Flow of Remittance in Bangladesh over the Last 20 Years, 1995-96 to 2014-15 ...............................3
Figure 3.1: Average Remittance Received by RRHHs by Cash & Kind, 2016 and 2013 ....................................11
Figure 3.2: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Recieved by Cash & Kind, 2016 .........................................12
Figure 3.3: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver, 2016 ......................................................13
Figure 3.4: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver by Sex, 2016 ..........................................14
Figure 3.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance by Mode of Sending, 2016 ...................................................15
Figure 4.1: Distribution of Remittance Receiving Households by Investment Decision, 2016 ...........................17
Figure 4.2: Average Investment from Remittance by Division, 2016 ..................................................................18
Figure 4.3: Investment as Percentage of Total Remittance, 2016 ........................................................................19
Figure 4.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Investment by Category, 2016 .............................................21
Figure 4.5: Percentage Distribution of RRHHs by Size of Investment, 2016 ......................................................22
Figure 4.6: Average Expenditures in Selected Heads from Remittance by Division, 2016 .................................22
Figure 4.7: Expenditures in Selected Heads as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016 ....................24
Figure 4.8: Percentage Distribution of Expenditure in Selected Heads from Remittance, 2016..........................25
Figure 4.9: Percentage Distribution of RRHHs by Size of Expenditure in Selected Heads, 2016 .......................26
Figure 4.10: Loan Repayment as Percentage of Total Remittance, 2016.............................................................27
Figure 5.1: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Households by Savings Status, 2016 .....................29
Figure 5.2: Average Remittance Savings by Divisions, 2016 ..............................................................................30
Figure 5.3: Saving as percentage of Total Remittance, 2016 ...............................................................................31
Figure 5.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Savings by Category, 2016 and 2013 ..................................32
Figure 5.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Savings by Category, 2016 ..................................................33
Figure 5.6: Remittance Receiving Household by Range of Remittance Savings, 2016 .......................................34
Figure 6.1: Investment, Savings and Expenditure in Selected Heads as the Percentage of Remittance Received
in 2015 by division, 2016..................................................................................................................35
Figure 6.2: Expenditure for Land Purchase, House/ Flat Purchase, Loan Repayment and Investment on
Construction and reconstruction of kutcha, semi-pucca or pucca house/ building/ flat/ boundary
wall/ personal roads etc. as the Percentage of Remittance Received in 2015 ...................................36
xvi
Acronyms
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
BMET Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training
CSPro Census and Survey Processing System
EA Enumeration Area
FY Fiscal Year
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GNP Gross National Product
IMPS Integrated Multi-Purpose Sampling
IOM International Organization for Migration
MLM Multi-Level Marketing
OAC Other Asian Countries
OALC Other Arab League Countries
OAfC Other African Countries
OAuC Other Australian Countries
OEC Other European Countries
OMEC Other Middle East Countries
ONAC Other North American Countries
OSAC Other South American Countries
PPES Probability Proportional to Estimated Size
PSU Primary Sampling Unit
RN Random Number
RRHH Remittance Receiving Household
RS Random Sampling
SI Sampling Interval
SPSS Statistical Package for Social Survey
SRS Simple Random Sampling
TK. Taka
UAE United Arab Emirates
USA United States of America
xvii
xviii
Key Findings
Indicators Distribution
Average Remittance Received by RRHHs (In Taka)
In Cash 289493.20
In Kind 12690.75
Total 302183.95
Remittance Recieved in Cash & Kind (%)
In Cash 95.80
In Kind 4.20
Total 100
Principal Remittance Receiver (%)
Spouse 41.78
Offspring 2.22
Parents 44.18
Siblings 9.87
Others 1.95
Total 100
Principal Remittance Receiver by Sex (%)
Male 45.55
Female 54.45
Total 100
Remittance by Mode of Sending (%)
Bank 50.72
Western Union/ MoneyGram 12.66
Mobile Banking/ Bkash 14.31
Post office 0.21
Friends/ Relatives 5.45
Hundi 12.31
Known person 3.85
Others 0.48
Total 100
Investment Decision of RRHHs (%)
Invest 47.22
Do not Invest 52.78
Total 100
Investment by Category as Percentage of Total Remittance (%) 25.33
Construction or reconstruction of kutcha , semi - pucca or pucca house/ building/ flat/ boundary wall/ personal roads etc. 18.94
Pond digging/ soil filling/ construction or reconstruction of canals/ drains for irrigation 1.64
Construction or reconstruction of industry, business entity, shop etc. 1.28
Purchasing/ preparing of computer software 0.01
Expenditure for tree plantation and nursing the plants 0.25
Expenditure for poultry/ livestock/ fishery 0.49
Purchase of agriculture equipment or other machineries/ electronics goods for commercial use 0.24
Purchase of vehicles for commercial use 1.21
Cost of land ownership transfer 0.87
Others 0.40
RRHHs by Size of Investment (In Taka) from Remittance (%)
Less than 20000 59.75
20000 49999 10.15
50000 99999 9.26
100000 499999 17.80
500000 + 3.05
Total 100
xix
Expenditures in Selected Heads as Percentage of Total Remittance (%) 24.45
Purchase of industry, business entities, shop etc. 0.43
Dwelling house/ flat purchase 0.65
Land purchase 9.08
Expenditure on own/ joint industry, business, shop 0.29
Purchase of share/ bond 0.11
MLM 0.01
Purchase of gold/ diamond jewelry etc. or alike valuables 0.94
Payment of loan taken for going abroad 10.87
Land mortgage 1.08
Others 1.00
Savings Status of RRHHs (%)
Savers 40.71
Non-savers 59.29
Total 100
Savings by Category as Percentage of Total Remittance (%) 8.40
Purchase of savings bond 0.45
Insurance 0.39
Savings account 4.19
DPS/ SDPS 1.00
Fixed deposit (one month & above) 0.61
Co-operative society 0.07
NGO 0.17
Friends & others 0.67
Savings at home 0.84
Others 0.01
RRHHs by Range (In Taka) of Remittance Savings (%)
Less than 20000 76.23
20000 49999 10.43
50000 99999 6.11
100000 499999 6.66
500000 + 0.57
Total 100
Investment, Savings and Expenditure as Percentage of Remittance Received (%) 58.18
Investment 25.33
Savings 8.40
Expenditures in selected heads 24.45
Head of RRHHs by Sex (%)
Male 48.22
Female 51.78
Total 100
Head of General Households by Sex (%)
Male 84.42
Female 15.58
Total 100
Level of Education of Head of RRHH (%)
No Education 28.56
Primary 28.95
Lower Secondary 27.19
Secondary 9.89
Higher Secondary 3.54
Graduate & Above 1.80
Dont Know 0.08
Total 100
xx
RRHH by Size of Own Land (%)
Landless 2.23
0.01 - 0.49 acre 54.47
0.50 - 0.99 acre 16.86
1.00 - 2.49 acres 17.97
2.50 - 7.49 acres 7.65
7.50 + 0.82
Total 100
Age Group of Expatriates (%)
< 25 13.05
25 29 22.95
30 34 18.89
35 39 17.41
40 44 11.18
45 49 7.75
50 54 5.04
55 59 2.49
60 + 1.22
Total 100
Level of Education of Expatriates (%)
No Education 9.64
Primary 26.74
Lower Secondary 37.15
Secondary 15.33
Higher Secondary 8.30
Graduate & Above 2.58
Dont Know 0.26
Total 100
Expatriates by Length of Living in Abroad (In Year) (%)
Less than 1 6.85
1 to less than 3 17.54
10 years & above 25.60
Total 100
Expatriates by Occupation (%)
Job 28.34
Business 5.17
Labour 62.34
Student and Part-time job 0.83
House worker 1.15
Others 2.17
Total 100
Expatriates Currently at Home by Reasons (%)
On leave 80.16
Sick 6.17
War 0.60
Study completed 0.00
No work permit 1.93
Visa expired 4.97
Others 6.18
Total 100
xxi
xxii
Executive Summary
Currently, there are almost 8.6 million Bangladeshi migrants who are spread over the globe in
different countries, and they are continuously sending large amount of remittance at home. About two
million additional young people are added to the labour force every year but the country is unable to
create jobs to accommodate all of them. Therefore, the outflow of Bangladeshi workers will continue
until home economy can be capable to capture the supplementary labour forces. Remittance, as
identified one of the two main drivers of growth by World Bank (World Bank, 2011), will continue
play the important role in Bangladeshs development process. Hence, it is very important to ensure the
proper utilization of remittance. Accurate and reliable data can substantially help the policy-makers
and planners to take the appropriate policy for ensuring productive use of remittance. Keeping this
view in mind, the first round of the survey, the Survey on the Use of Remittance (SUR) 2013, covered
the wider spectrum of remittance uses in order to create a benchmark database. Nevertheless, the
survey uncovered many unfold stories regarding remittance uses together with expatriates
characteristics and their socio-economic condition at home.
The present round has highlighted the investment dimensions of remittance recognizing the demand of
the policy-makers for such information. How much of the remittance is directly invested in which
sectors by the remittance receiving household are the major concerns of this survey. Alongside that,
savings from remittance has duly been considered in the scope of the survey. Some salient features of
the expatriates together with remittance recipients have also been taken into account under the study.
Objectives of the Survey

Main objective of the survey is to identify the proportion of investment that are directly invested from
the remittance by the households at the micro level. Some other objectives are: to identify the nature
of investments from the remittance, to estimate the share of savings in total remittance received, to
find out the socio-demographic characteristics of expatriates, heads of remittance receiving
households and remittance receiver, to provide supplementary information for national income
accounting and to help the policymakers providing necessary information for policy formulation to
attract more inflow of remittance.
Survey Methodology
In conducting the survey, almost the same methodology as that of SUR 2013 was followed (See
Appendix-4). The entire households within country was taken as the universe and only Remittance
Receiving Households (RRHHs) were considered as the study population of the survey. Two-stage
stratified random sampling technique was applied. Two lists prepared for conducting SUR 2013 were
used as the sampling frame for this survey. One was the list of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), the
Enumeration Areas (EAs) of Population and Housing Census 2011, generated under Integrated
Multipurpose Samples (IMPS) and the other was the list of 5 leading villages in each Upazila in terms
of the adequacy of Remittance Receiving Households (RRHH) which were identified through a quick
count of RRHHs in those villages.
xxiii
Seven Divisions were considered as seven separate stratums since SUR 2013 did not cover
Mymensingh Division that was created after conducting that survey. At the first stage, the required
number of RRHH-leading villages was selected for each of the divisions separately following
Probability Proportional to Estimated Size (PPES), and the PSUs of IMPS were chosen applying
Simple Random Sampling (SRS) technique. In the second stage, 20 RRHHs from each selected
village as well as 20 RRHHs from selected PSUs of IMPS were chosen using Systematic Random
Sampling technique. Before selection of samples, listing of households for identifying the RRHHs
was carried out in all selected villages and PSUs. A total of 10448 RRHHs were surveyed for data
collection.
The questionnaire was developed through a series of meetings and discussions. At first, the survey
team developed the draft questionnaire as a basis for in-house consultation. This draft was extensively
reviewed in a in-house meeting. It was revised several times to accommodate the recommendations of
various meeting. Ultimately, the questionnaire was finalised having the approval of the Technical
Committee, the highest technical body of the project.
Training, Data collection and Quality Control
Before data collection, training was imparted on different aspects of the survey in two phases. In the
first phase, Project Director together with some senior officials of BBS provided two days training to
the master trainers, who also worked as supervising officers, at the headquarters of BBS in Dhaka. In
the second phase, enumerators were trained on the same contents following the same sequence at the
former Regional Statistical Offices (RSOs). Immediately after the training, the survey workers went to
the field for data collection that was carried out during 01- 09 March 2016. A total of 415 employees
of BBS from field offices as well as headquarters were employed in data collection. Besides, a total of
62 officers of BBS, most of whom were District Statistical Officers, were engaged to supervise the
data collection. In addition, some senior officials of Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) and BBS
closely monitored the training and data collection activities.
Data Editing and Coding
In addition to the conventional method of data edition followed by BBS, a new technique was applied
to ensure high quality of the data. All filled-in questionnaires were primarily edited by some selected
efficient supervising officers at all Divisional Statistics Offices under the leadership of Joint Directors
(divisional heads) so that any flaw observed in data can be rectified instantly communicating with the
data collector as well as respondents. After that, all questionnaires were brought to headquarters for
further processing. A group of experienced staff of BBS under the supervision of the survey team
edited all data manually once again, and made coding of some responses. An instruction manual with
the editing and coding guidelines was also prepared, and editors and coders were provided training on
the manual.
Data Processing, Tabulation and Dissemination
After completion of editing, a group of experienced BBS staffs carried out the task of data entry. Data
entry template was developed by using CSPro software. A strong data dictionary based on the
questionnaire was created during the preparation of template. To avoid errors and inconsistencies, a
logical check was integrated with the software that carefully followed throughout the data entry.
xxiv
Nationally 25.33% of the total remittance received is invested in various sectors
Of the total remittance received in 2015, 25.33% is invested in various sectors by the remittance
receiving households. Among the divisions, the highest investment is evident in Dhaka, 27.37%
followed by Barisal 26.49%, Khulna 25.93%, Chittagong 24.96%, Sylhet 22.60%, Rajshahi 22.41%
and the lowest in Rangpur 18.85%.
The lions share of the total investment from remittance is invested in construction sector
At the national level, the lions share (74.78%) of the total investment from remittance is invested in
construction or reconstruction of kutcha, semi-pucca or pucca house/ building/ flat/ boundary wall/
personal roads etc. Investments in all other sectors are noted very minor that varies from 1% to 7%.
Repayment for loan taken for going abroad occupies significant share of total remittance
Nationally, a significant share of total remittance, 10.87% is used for repaying loan that was borrowed
to meet the expenditure for going abroad. In case of divisions, some variations are observed. However
in most of the divisions notable portion of the remittance is used for loan repayment.
Spending for land purchase is fairly substantial
Of the total remittance received, a substantial portion, 9.08% is used for land purchase. These figures
vary importantly across the divisions; the highest spending for land purchase is recorded in Rangpur
(20.64%) while the lowest is evident in Chittagong (4.87%).
Less than half of the total RRHHs make savings
At national level, less than half of the total remittance receiving households (40.71%) has reported
that they have saved part of the remittance they received in 2015, while the majority (59.29%) has
reported that they have not saved any amount from the remittance.
Proportion of savings from remittance is low
Of the total remittance, at national level, 8.40% is saved in various forms by the remittance receiving
households. Across divisions, the proportions of savings from remittance fairly vary; the highest
proportion of savings from total remittance in various forms is observed in Khulna 9.20% followed by
Rajshahi 8.76%, Chittagong 8.58%, Dhaka 8.48%, Sylhet 8.28%, Barisal 7.06% and the lowest in
Rangpur 5.36%.
Bank is the main custodian of savings made out of remittance
At the national level, bank is the biggest custodian of savings made out of remittances. Most of the
savers kept their money with banks in different forms such as savings account (49.86%), DPS/SDPS
(11.86%), fixed deposit (7.24%) and purchase of savings bond (5.31%). Banks are appeared as the
main destination for savings in all divisions as well.
Female headed households are dominant in case of RRHHs
The characteristic of the remittance receiving households shows that more than half (51.78%) are
female-headed households compared to only 15.58% female heads in general households.
xxvi
Most of the remittance receiving households own land
Only 2.23% remittance receiving households are landless compared to 9.58% landless households for
all households. In case of divisions, these figures are also found quite low, that vary between 0.39%
(the minimum in Sylhet) to 3.37% (the maximum in Dhaka).
Male with youth are the dominant in migrant workers
Most of the migrant workers are males (97.38%), and of them more than 54.90% are below 35 years.
In case of females 55.11% are below 35.
Nearly three-fourth of the migrants have been staying aboard for less than 10 years
It is notable that nearly three-fourth of the migrant workers are staying abroad for less than 10 years
which ranges from less than one year to less than 10 years with the highest 33.16% staying between 5
and less than then 10 years.
Occupation of migrant workers varies across regions
Occupation of migrant workers varies widely among the regions where they work. In the Middle East
countries and Asian countries, they are mostly engaged in job or labour. However, in some countries
like South Africa and Other Middle East Countries (OMEC), they do some business also.
Majority of the migrants are less educated
The majority of the migrants are less educated while insignificant portion of them have attained higher
education. The highest, 63.89% are educated lower than SSC level and only 2.58% have obtained
graduation degree. It is found that some (9.64%) of the expatriates have no education at all.
xxvii
xxviii
Report of the Survey on Investment from Remittance 2016
Chapter I: Introduction
1.1 Remittance in Economic Development
Foreign remittance generally means the earnings of international migrant workers sent back from the
country of employment to the country of origin. In the modern era, remittance has been appeared as a
significant driving force of development for most of the developing countries, creating employment
opportunities for the home workers to foreign countries. It supports a nation prominently to increase
its national income and to alleviate poverty. In addition, the foreign remittance accelerates the
economic growth, diminish the pressure of unemployment, and boost up the capacity for import
payments. At micro level, remittance helps increase consumption, savings and investment. At the
household level, using foreign remittance, the expatriates family members can fulfill their basic needs
and can meet their educational, medical and other expenses readily. Besides, they can acquire assets
such as land, home, car, furniture etc. Remittance also contributes to increase the social recognition as
well as standard of living of the expatriates family in their locality.
If wage earners remittance is invested in productive fields, then also they generate positive multiplier
effects (Stahl and Arnold 1986). Adelman and Taylor (1990) revealed that, for every dollar Mexico
received from migrants working abroad, its GNP increased by $2.69 to $3.17, depending on whether
remittance were received by urban or rural households. Remittance is shown a very stable source of
foreign exchange (Ratha, 2005). So, it is manifested that, in the labour-sending countries like
Bangladesh, remittance play a very significant role for their overall economic development.
1.2 Remittance from the Global Perspective

Over the last few decades, the flow of remittance has been persistently increasing across the globe.
However, some of the developing countries like India, China, Mexico, Philippines etc. hold the major
share of entire remittance of the world. Despite the growth in remittance flows overall to developing
countries, the recent global economic recession has made remittance flows a bit slow-moving to some
regions. Europe and Central Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have been especially affected, while South
Asia and the Middle East and North Africa remain fairly better. Table 1.1 explains the flow of
remittance of the top 15 countries during last eight years.
Figures in Table 1.1 depict that in 2015, India and China, the two economic giant of Asia, received the
largest amount of remittance followed by Philippines, France and Mexico respectively, while
Bangladesh earn about US$15.80 billion securing tenth position. India and China are likely to
gradually reduce the export of natural persons with their continued growth creating an opportunity for
other countries including Bangladesh to export more persons.
1
Table 1.1: Top 15 Recipient Countries of Remittance (In Billion US Dollar), 2008-2015
Country Year
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
India 49.98 49.20 53.48 62.50 68.82 69.97 70.97 72.20
China 47.49 41.60 52.46 61.58 57.99 59.49 61.49 63.90
Philippines 18.63 19.96 21.56 23.05 24.61 26.70 27.90 29.70
France 26.04 16.06 19.46 22.56 22.05 23.34 23.94 24.60
Mexico 16.28 22.08 22.08 23.59 23.37 23.02 24.50 25.70
Nigeria 19.21 18.37 19.82 20.62 20.63 20.89 20.88 20.89
Egypt 8.69 7.15 12.45 14.32 19.24 17.83 19.83 20.40
Germany 8.94 12.34 12.79 14.52 15.14 15.20 16.60 17.50
Pakistan 7.04 8.72 9.69 12.26 14.01 14.63 17.80 20.10
Bangladesh 10.97 10.74 11.28 12.96 14.24 13.86 15.10 15.80
Belgium 10.42 10.44 10.29 10.98 10.16 11.11 11.11 11.10
Vietnam 6.81 6.02 8.26 8.60 10.00 11.00 11.80 12.30
Ukraine 10.15 5.94 6.54 7.82 8.45 7.67 8.45 6.20
Spain 9.07 8.95 9.10 9.92 9.66 9.58 10.10 10.50
Indonesia 6.78 6.79 6.92 6.92 7.21 7.62 8.66 10.51
Source: World Bank data is used for all countries and years. Data access on April 24, 2016 on 11.00 A.M.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittance#Top_recipient_countries)
Recognizing the importance of trade in services which includes export of natural person, the World Trade
organization (WTO) formulated the General Agreement of Trade in Services (GATS) that entered into force
in January 1995 as a result of the Uruguay Round negotiations. The treaty was created to extend the
multilateral trading system to service sector, in the same way the General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT) provides such a system for merchandise trade. The GATS agreement covers four modes of
supply for the delivery of services in cross-border trade. They are shown in table 2.
Table 1.2: Modes of Service Exports under GATS
Modes Criteria
Service delivered within the territory of the Member, from the territory of
Mode 1: Cross-border supply
another Member
Service delivered outside the territory of the Member, in the territory of
Mode 2: Consumption abroad
another Member, to a service consumer of the Member
Service delivered within the territory of the Member, through the
Mode 3: Commercial presence
commercial presence of the supplier
Service delivered within the territory of the Member, with supplier present
Mode 4: Presence of a natural person
as a natural person
As can be seen from table 1.2, mode 3 and 4 are related to migration and directly contribute to remittance.
Following the adoption of GATS, remittance will continue playing a prominent role globally, more so in case
of developing countries like Bangladesh. Along with the future growth and development trajectory of
developing countries, poverty, condition of health, and spending on education by households will also depend
on remittance in these countries.
Source: The Report on the Survey on the Use of Remittance 2013
2
1.3 Remittance in Bangladesh

Evidence shows that Bangladeshi citizens started migration temporarily to other countries in mid-
1970s. Since then, the cumulative number of migrants has been progressively increasing though rise
and fall trend are observed. At present, there are almost a total of 8.6 million Bangladesh migrants
who are spread over the world in different countries. Middle East appears as the main destination of
our expatriates. Among the top five destinations for Bangladeshi expatriates, Saudi Arabia scores the
top with 27.44% followed by United Arab Emirates with 23.53%, Oman with 11.62%, Malaysia with
7.64%, and Singapore with 6.20% (Source: Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training
(BMET), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data accessed on June 07, 2016 at 1.34 P.M. available in the website:
http://www.bmet.org.bd/BMET/viewStatReport.action?reportnumber=20).
Figure 1.1: Flow of Remittance in Bangladesh over the Last 20 Years, 1995-96 to 2014-15
35
30
25
15.32
20
14.46
14.23
10.99
12.84
11.65
15 Billion
9.69
US Dollar
7.91
1.53
10
Growth
4.8
3.85
6
3.37
3.06
1.22
1.95
1.88
1.71
2.5
1.48
-5
-10 Fiscal Year

Source: Foreign Exchange Policy Department, Bangladesh Bank. Data access on April 24, 2016 on 11.00 A.M.
(https://www.bb.org.bd/econdata/wageremitance.php#)
In 2015, the total remittance was recorded 15.32 billion US Dollar, which registered a bit rise in
absolute term from 2014 by 14.23 billion US Dollar. However, this accounted for about 12.83% of
national income and 49.10% of total export earnings of the country.
Analysing the figures of GDP of last 20 years, it is observed that the growth has been increased
significantly over the period, and in 2016, it has been recorded 7.05%, a remarkable achievement for
Bangladesh, when the per capita income is US$1,466. Studies found that remittance has a notable
impact in lading up the growth of GDP and per capita income as well.
On top of macro-level impact, remittance directly contributes to poverty alleviation. Observing the
socio-economic condition, it is found that most of the Bangladeshi expatriates belong to a group of
either poor or nearly poor. Hence, in absence of remittance, there is a possibility of falling their
household into poverty trap, and it will trigger up the aggregate number of the poor in the country. As
a result, it would have been difficult to eradicate poverty at the existing rate.
3
Moreover, remittance has a significant social dimension in Bangladesh. Expatriates family at home
can enjoy better livelihood in respect of fooding, clothing, housing, education, health, social spending
etc. as expatriates continuously send money to home.
Remittance has also a spatial aspect in Bangladesh. According to International Organization for
Migration (IOM), although people from all over the country fly abroad for work, Comilla, Chittagong,
Tangail, Brahmanbaria and Dhaka are the districts that occupy the highest number of migrants.
Overall development and quality of life in these districts are likely to be affected more than that of
other districts by remittance.
Considering the various dimensions of remittance, the maiden survey on remittance was carried out by
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) in 2013, especially to know its usages at micro level. Even
then, there are some data gaps in identifying the direct investment from the remittance properly at the
household level. In order to meet the data gaps, the current survey has been undertaken with the
objective of helping the policy makers to take evidence-based decision to attract the direct investment
in production from remittance.
1.4 Background of the Survey

It is mentioned earlier that a huge number of Bangladeshi people are working in many countries of the
world, and they are continuously sending large amount of remittance at home. About two million
additional young people are added to the labour force every year, and the country is unable to create
jobs for all of them. Therefore, the outflow of Bangladeshi workers will continue until home economy
can be capable to capture the supplementary labour force. Remittance, as identified one of the two
main drivers of growth by World Bank (World Bank, 2011), will continue playing the important role
in development process of Bangladesh. Hence, it is very important to ensure the proper utilization of
remittance. Accurate and reliable data can substantially help the policy makers and planners to take
the appropriate policy for ensuring productive use of remittance. Keeping this view in mind, the first
round of the survey, the Survey on the Use of Remittance 2013, covered the wider spectrum of
remittance uses in order to create a benchmark database. Nevertheless, the survey uncovered many
notable facts regarding remittance uses together with expatriates characteristics including their socio-
economic condition at home.
The present round has highlighted the investment dimension of remittance recognizing the demand of
the policy-maker for such information. How much of the remittance is directly invested in which
sectors by the remittance receiving household are the major concerns of this survey. Alongside that,
savings from remittance has duly been considered. In addition to that, some salient features of the
expatriates together with remittance recipients have been taken into account under the scope of the
survey.
4
1.5 Objectives of the Survey

The main objective of the survey is to identify the proportion of investment that are directly invested
from the remittance by the households at the micro level. The other objectives are:
to identify the nature of investments from the remittance;
to estimate the share of savings in total remittance received;
to find out the socio-demographic characteristics of expatriates, heads of remittance
receiving households and remittance receiver as well;
to find out the significant channel of remittance;
to provide supplementary information for national income accounting; and
to help the policy makers provide necessary information for policy formulation to
attract more inflow of remittance.
5
6
Chapter II: Survey Methodology

The survey methodology bears a great significance in having quality data. It comprises of many
components such as survey planning, preparing sampling frame, determining the sample size,
choosing the sampling technique, sample selection, questionnaire design, data collection method, data
processing, consistency and logic check, data validation, data analysis etc. In conducting the survey,
almost the same methodology as that of SUR 2013 was followed (See Annex II). Nevertheless, a brief
on the methodology is given below:
2.1 Sample Design
The entire country was taken as the universe and only Remittance Receiving Households (RRHHs) of
the country were considered as the study population of the survey. Two-stage stratified random
sampling technique was applied. Two lists prepared for conducting SUR 2013 were used as the
sampling frame for this survey. One was the list of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), the Enumeration
Areas (EAs) of Population and Housing Census 2011, generated under Integrated Multipurpose
Samples (IMPS) and the other was the list of 5 leading villages in each Upazila in terms of the
adequacy of Remittance Receiving Households (RRHH) which were identified through a quick count
of RRHHs in those villages. Seven Divisions were considered as seven separate stratum since SUR
2013 did not cover Mymensingh Division that was created after conducting that survey. At the first
stage, the required number of RRHH-leading villages was selected for each of the divisions separately
following Probability Proportional to Estimated Size (PPES), and the PSUs of IMPS were chosen
applying Simple Random Sampling (SRS) technique. In the second stage, 20 RRHHs from each
selected village as well as 20 RRHHs from selected PSUs of IMPS were chosen using systematic
random sampling technique. Before selection of samples, listing of households for identifying the
RRHHs was carried out in all selected villages and PSUs. A total of 10451 RRHHs were surveyed for
data collection.
2.2 Questionnaire Design:
At first, the survey team developed the draft questionnaire as a basis for in-house consultation guided
by the Project Director. This draft was extensively reviewed in a in-house meeting. It was revised
accommodating the recommendations of the meeting. The revised draft was placed before a
committee comprising of senior officials of BBS as members, and headed by the Director General,
and the draft was further revised on the basis of their suggestions. Later, it was sent to the higher
authorities to receive their views. Finally, the questionnaire was presented in the Technical
Committee, the highest technical body of the project, for approval. The committee provided the
approval of the questionnaire with some observations that were subsequently addressed. Eventually,
the questionnaire was finalised.
2.3 Data Collection
Before data collection, training was imparted on different aspects of the survey in two phases. In the
first phase, Project Director together with some senior officials of BBS provided two days training to
the master trainers, who worked as supervising officers, at the headquarters of BBS in Dhaka.
Concepts, definitions, data collection techniques etc. were thoroughly discussed in the training. In the
second phase, enumerators were trained on the same contents following the same sequence at the
7
former Regional Statistical Offices (RSOs). Most of the trainees both the supervising officers and the
enumerators- were extremely vibrant in the training.
Immediately after the training, the survey workers went to the field for data collection that was carried
out during 01- 09 March 2016. A total of 415 employees of BBS from field offices as well as
headquarters were employed in data collection. Besides, a total of 64 officers of BBS, most of them
were District Statistical Officers, were engaged to supervise the data collection. Alongside the
supervision of the data collection activities, they were responsible for taking care of any untoward
problem arisen during data collection in the field, and they stayed at the field until the data collection
was completed. In addition, some senior officials of Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) and
BBS closely monitored the data collection. The Project Team was extremely engaged in successful
completion of data collection.
2.4 Data Editing and Coding
Data editing refers to the activity of checking and cleaning data that have already been collected from
the field. In addition to the conventional method of data edition followed by BBS, a new technique
was applied to ensure high quality of data. All filled-in questionnaires were primarily edited by some
selected efficient supervising officers at all Divisional Statistics Offices under the leadership of Joint
Directors (divisional heads) so that any flaw observed in data could be rectified instantly
communicating with the data collector as well as respondents. After that, all questionnaires were
brought to headquarters for further processing. A group of experienced staff of BBS under the
supervision of the survey team edited all data manually once again, and made coding of some
responses. An instruction manual with the editing and coding guidelines was also prepared, and
editors and coders were provided training on the manual beforehand.
2.5 Data Processing
Data processing involves a number of steps such as data entry, appending and merging files, data
validation (further checking, editing and imputation) and so on. After completion of editing and
coding, a group of experienced staff of BBS carried out the task of data entry. Before data entry, a
template was developed using CSPro software with a strong data dictionary based on the
questionnaire adding unique ID and values of the items to be entered. To avoid errors and
inconsistencies, a logic check was also fitted with data entry template which was reviewed again and
again, and eventually finalized for use. As data was captured by a number of BBS officials, a number
of files were generated. After completion of the data entry, these files were appended and merged to
generate a single one. Validation was accomplished after appending and merging files by checking the
number of variables, the cases, wild codes, missing values and consistencies. It was also checked
whether the number of variables generated was matched with the number of variables in the data set.
If an error was identified during data validation, the related questionnaire was checked and in some
cases it was sent back to the survey team for review and decision. In some cases, members of the
survey team revisited the field to collect the actual response of the relevant respondent.
Four software named CSPro, STATA, SPSS and Excel were used for processing the survey data.
CSPro was used for data entry and editing, STATA and SPSS for both tabulation and data analysis,
and Excel for converting the STATA or SPSS files to table format.
8
2.6 Tabulation
A tabulation plan first designed by the survey team was shared with the committee headed by the
Director General of BBS in order to make it more user-friendly. The committee suggested some
valuable modifications which were successively incorporated. Furthermore, the committee
recommended to reshaping the report focusing the investment chapter at the beginning followed by
savings. Additionally, the committee suggested to placing detailed methodology of the survey,
characteristics of the expatriates and remittance receivers and other components as appendices in the
report. Accordingly, the survey team followed the advice of the committee, finalised the structure of
the report and ultimately, completed the tabulation plan.
2.7 Data Analysis
Survey results were analyzed in tabular form using STATA and SPSS software. Major variables, in
terms of percentage, were explained vertically (columns) and cross tabulation by another related
variables horizontally. In the analysis, variations of the magnitude of major variables were described
by category and by division.
2.8 Data Dissemination
The final report has been disseminated both in electronic form such as CD and hard copy as book.
Results are available in the website of BBS. Some data may also be published in other publications of
BBS such as Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, National Accounts Statistics and Monthly
Statistical Bulletin etc.
2.9 Scope and Coverage of the Survey
Geographically, the survey covered the entire area of the country including urban and rural areas.
A list of villages holding the dominance in terms of remittance receiving households (RRHH)
across the country was prepared and used to cover the rural areas. On the other hand, the PSUs of
IMPS was purposively used to cover especially urban areas as there had no other alternative.
2.10 Limitations of the Survey
For successful completion of the survey, all methodological aspects were applied very carefully. Even
then, the survey has a few caveats as mentioned below:
Due to time constraint, the sample design of the first round, the Survey on the Use
of Remittance 2013, was predominantly used to conduct this survey. Nevertheless,
listing in the sample areas was newly done to identify the current RRHHs.
Subsequently, the ultimate sample, RRHHs, was randomly selected following the
new list of RRHHs.
Although the sampling frame covered the entire country, only five villages from
each Upazila were included into the sampling frame. Therefore, weighting was
made on the basis of the number of RRHHs in selected five villages and in PSUs of
IMPS.
9
10
Chapter III: Remittance Income

This chapter highlights few aspects of remittance such as average remittance received by RRHHs,
who receives the remittance, and to what extent remittance is received in kind.
Table: 3.1: Average Remittance Received by the Remittance Receiving Household by Division,
2016 and 2013
Division Average Remittance Received
2016 2013
Total In Cash *In Kind Total In Cash *In Kind
(In Tk.) (In Tk.) (In Tk.) (In Tk.) (In Tk.) (In Tk.)
National 302183.95 289493.20 12690.75 205642.00 197395.00 8247.00
Barisal 285860.20 272507.02 13353.18 192611.00 184664.00 7947.00
Chittagong 298032.70 287577.70 10455.00 215707.00 208150.00 7557.00
Dhaka 359833.09 339556.59 20276.50 219740.00 210390.00 9350.00
Khulna 233235.16 225879.75 7355.41 191094.00 187248.00 6846.00
Rajshahi 242920.89 234751.18 8169.70 167700.00 157676.00 10024.00
Rangpur 234449.05 226656.30 7792.75 182925.00 176195.00 6730.00
Sylhet 333125.46 321401.58 11723.88 189359.00 182144.00 7215.00
(*In kind means the value of goods sent to Bangladesh by the expatriates.)
How much remittance in cash and kind was received by the RRHHs in 2015 is explained in Table 3.1.
Figures indicate that at national level, the average remittance received by the RRHHs in the last year
is Tk.3,02,183.95 of which Tk.2,89,493.20 is received in cash and Tk.12,690.75 in kind. Among the
divisions, the highest average remittance received is recorded in Dhaka (Tk.3,59,833.09) followed by
Sylhet (Tk.3,33,125.46) and the lowest in Khulna (Tk.2,33,235.16).
Figure 3.1: Average Remittance Received by RRHHs by Cash & Kind, 2016 and 2013
289493.20
197395.00
In Taka
12690.75
8247.00
In Cash
In Kind
2016 2013
Remittance Type
Comparing the figures of the two surveys, 2016 & 2013, it is noticed that average remittance received
has been increased from Tk.2,05,642.00 in 2013 to Tk.3,02,183.95 in 2016, which implies 46.95%
rise over the last three years .
11
Table 3.2: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Received by Cash & Kind and by Division,
2016 and 2013
Division Cash & Kind
2016 2013
* *
Total In Cash In Kind Total In Cash In Kind
National 100.00 95.80 4.20 100.00 95.99 4.01
Barisal 100.00 95.33 4.67 100.00 95.87 4.13
Chittagong 100.00 96.49 3.51 100.00 96.50 3.50
Dhaka 100.00 94.37 5.63 100.00 95.74 4.26
Khulna 100.00 96.85 3.15 100.00 96.47 3.53
Rajshahi 100.00 96.64 3.36 100.00 94.02 5.98
Rangpur 100.00 96.68 3.32 100.00 96.32 3.68
Sylhet 100.00 96.48 3.52 100.00 96.19 3.81
(*In kind means the value of goods sent to Bangladesh by the expatriates.)
The current survey, like as the first round, has also collected information on the composition of the
total remittance in terms of cash and kind. The results portrayed in Table 3.2 explains that major
portion of the remittance is received in cash (95.80%), although some are received in kind (4.20%).
These figures are evident almost the same across the divisions. Comparing the data of the two surveys,
no significant changes are found.
Figure 3.2: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Recieved by Cash & Kind, 2016
4.20%
In Cash
In Kind
95.80%
Table 3.3: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver by Division, 2016

Division Remittance Receiver
Total Spouse Offspring Parents Siblings Others
National 100.00 41.78 2.22 44.18 9.87 1.95
Barisal 100.00 39.03 1.32 48.94 9.52 1.19
Chittagong 100.00 40.97 1.66 45.07 9.89 2.41
Dhaka 100.00 42.91 2.40 44.87 8.18 1.65
Khulna 100.00 48.81 2.28 40.93 6.55 1.43
Rajshahi 100.00 43.64 2.84 42.78 8.91 1.83
Rangpur 100.00 43.08 2.77 44.16 8.88 1.11
Sylhet 100.00 28.58 4.56 38.27 26.05 2.54
(Note: Others include sister-in-law, brother-in-law, uncle, aunt etc.)
12
Table 3.3 describes the principal remittance receivers who receive the remittance at home on behalf of
expatriates. Findings show that among the categories, parents are the dominant remittance receiver
(44.18%) followed by spouse (41.78%). The similar findings were come out in first round, from
which it was revealed that in 44.63% cases, it is none other than parents who received the remittance.
Figure 3.3: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver, 2016
9.87% 1.95%
41.78%
Spouse
Offspring
Parents
Siblings
Others
44.18%
2.22%
It is important to note that these figures vary across the divisions; the largest number of expatriates
from Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Rangpur and Sylhet send money to their parents while the highest
share of expatriates from Khulna and Rajshahi send money to their spouses. A different picture is
evident in Sylhet where parents hold the highest share with 38.27% followed by spouse 28.58%, but
siblings also occupy a significant share 26.05%, which is the case appeared only in Sylhet.
Table 3.4: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver by Sex and by Division,
2016
Division Remittance Receiver
Total Male Female
National 100.00 45.55 54.45
Barisal 100.00 46.70 53.30
Chittagong 100.00 45.04 54.96
Dhaka 100.00 43.06 56.94
Khulna 100.00 44.24 55.76
Rajshahi 100.00 43.81 56.19
Rangpur 100.00 47.92 52.08
Sylhet 100.00 62.79 37.21
Table 3.4 illustrates the figures of principal remittance receivers by sex. It is important to note that
female has been evident as the dominant principal remittance receiver with the proportion of 54.45%
while male is 45.55% who receive the remittance at home.
13
Figure 3.4: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver by Sex, 2016
45.55%
54.45%
Male
Female
Across the division, figures expose the same scenario except Sylhet where male holds significantly
large share, 62.79% while female occupies decisively less share, 37.21%.
Table 3.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance by Mode of Sending and by Remitter Country,
2016
Mode of Sending
Western Mobile
Living country Total Post Friends/ Known
Bank Union/ Banking Hundi Others
office Relatives person
MoneyGram / Bkash
Total 100.00 50.72 12.66 14.31 0.21 5.45 12.31 3.85 0.48
Saudi Arabia 100.00 47.38 11.45 16.98 0.27 5.16 14.51 3.83 0.42
UAE 100.00 56.10 10.46 11.65 0.00 5.08 13.04 3.59 0.08
Malaysia 100.00 49.51 17.77 14.11 0.01 4.77 8.16 4.35 1.31
Oman 100.00 44.30 12.92 16.66 0.29 6.34 15.38 3.92 0.19
Qatar 100.00 56.33 15.64 13.62 0.18 4.68 7.76 1.58 0.20
Singapore 100.00 42.03 10.87 9.12 0.40 9.62 22.52 4.96 0.49
Kuwait 100.00 62.37 10.49 9.56 0.98 6.82 6.81 2.71 0.26
Bahrain 100.00 51.32 12.32 17.76 0.02 6.43 7.17 4.46 0.52
Italy 100.00 64.56 9.10 7.39 0.25 5.48 10.07 3.15 0.00
United Kingdom 100.00 70.79 10.97 8.16 0.20 5.18 3.51 0.27 0.92
Maldives 100.00 43.05 8.76 35.29 0.67 3.74 4.91 2.86 0.72
Iraq 100.00 58.60 19.84 13.52 0.00 1.75 1.05 4.30 0.94
Lebanon 100.00 47.62 22.79 8.36 0.24 5.69 5.26 9.32 0.72
Libya 100.00 33.84 21.57 24.86 0.00 7.87 9.15 2.12 0.59
USA 100.00 65.13 18.74 3.20 0.00 0.00 2.67 5.76 4.49
Jordan 100.00 57.55 12.21 19.83 0.39 2.91 2.51 4.60 0.00
South Africa 100.00 34.96 13.20 3.34 0.00 11.04 23.64 11.77 2.05
Brunei Darussalam 100.00 44.42 15.48 14.99 0.00 6.79 11.30 7.03 0.00
Mauritius 100.00 35.90 19.89 30.80 0.00 8.16 5.24 0.00 0.00
France 100.00 62.35 22.71 2.28 0.00 2.79 5.36 4.51 0.00
Greece 100.00 41.26 19.31 18.20 0.00 3.92 15.90 1.41 0.00
14
Mode of Sending
Western Mobile
Living country Total Post Friends/ Known
Bank Union/ Banking Hundi Others
office Relatives person
MoneyGram / Bkash
South Korea 100.00 72.81 6.64 2.30 0.76 1.42 8.59 7.49 0.00
Spain 100.00 55.39 14.83 23.05 0.00 0.28 5.80 0.64 0.00
Canada 100.00 78.00 22.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Germany 100.00 31.43 8.32 29.58 0.00 10.21 13.90 0.00 6.55
Australia 100.00 85.20 14.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Japan 100.00 63.21 16.70 0.00 0.00 16.70 0.00 3.39 0.00
OSAC 100.00 69.44 0.00 7.42 0.00 13.09 9.58 0.00 0.47
ONAC 100.00 45.05 16.03 14.35 0.00 0.24 18.78 5.56 0.00
OMEC 100.00 57.18 2.05 11.81 0.00 5.46 20.57 2.94 0.00
OEC 100.00 51.20 14.89 7.02 1.94 1.30 6.54 17.12 0.00
OAuC 100.00 61.13 11.38 12.58 0.00 7.14 6.28 0.00 1.49
OALC 100.00 59.44 10.67 12.34 0.00 9.19 5.32 1.63 1.41
OAfC 100.00 48.35 21.02 5.17 0.00 4.12 17.77 3.57 0.00
OAC 100.00 50.50 12.08 13.68 0.00 2.32 15.60 3.45 2.38
(Note: In above table, the Sub groups of Others Country are given in Apendix-5).
Figures in Table 3.5 describe the various channels through which remittance is sent to home from
abroad. Out of the total remittance, 77.90% is remitted through formal channels, of which bank have
been appeared at the most preferable channels with the highest share, 50.72% followed by Mobile
Banking/ Bkash 14.31%, Western Union/ MoneyGram with 12.66% and Post Office 0.21%. In
addition, much amount of the remittance is sent through informal channel, 22.09%, of which Hundi
occupies the largest share with 12.31% followed by Friends/ Relatives 5.45% and the known person
3.85%.
Figure 3.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance by Mode of Sending, 2016
3.85% 0.48%
5.45% 12.31%
0.21% Bank
Western Union/ MoneyGram
Mobile Banking/ Bkash
Post office
Friends/ Relatives
Hundi
14.31%
Known person
50.72% Others
12.66%
15
16
Chapter IV: Investment and Expenditure

The main objective of the survey was to investigate the investment invested directly from the
remittance received in 2015 by the remittance receiving households. Besides, how much was invested
in which sectors, what percentage of remittance receiving household actually did investment, what is
the size of investment etc. were also the facts of the study. In addition, expenditures in some heads
that were assumed to be larger from the findings of the first round were included in the scope of the
survey. Therefore, this chapter contains information in various dimensions of investment as well as
expenditures in selected heads from remittance in 2015.
Table 4.1: Distribution of Remittance Receiving Households According to Their Investment

Decision by Division, 2016
Division Remittance Receiving Household
Total Invest Do not Invest
National 100.00 47.22 52.78
Barisal 100.00 63.09 36.91
Chittagang 100.00 51.73 48.27
Dhaka 100.00 40.82 59.18
Khulna 100.00 47.27 52.73
Rajshahi 100.00 38.20 61.80
Rangpur 100.00 47.50 52.50
Sylhet 100.00 45.50 54.50
Table 4.1 explains what proportion of the remittance receiving households invested remittance in
2015. The findings show that at national level, nearly half of the total remittance receiving households
(47.22%) did investment from the remittance while majority 52.78% did not. Across divisions, Barisal
ranks the top with the highest remittance receiving households (63.09%) that did investment followed
by Chittagong, 51.73%, Rangpur and Khulna nearly equal (47.50% and 47.27% respectively), Dhaka,
40.82% and the lowest in Rajshahi 38.20%. It can be noted that the figures vary importantly across the
divisions.
Figure 4.1: Distribution of Remittance Receiving Households by Investment Decision, 2016
47.22%
52.78%
Invest
Do not Invest
17
Table 4.2: Average Investment from Figure 4.2: Average Investment from Remittance by
Remittance by Division, 2016 Division, 2016
Division Average Investment from
98469.36
76546.50
75713.90
75288.30
74401.31
Remittance (In Taka)
60484.25
54442.06
National 76546.50
44194.47
Barisal 75713.90
In Taka
Chittagong 74401.31
Dhaka 98469.36
Khulna 60484.25
Rajshahi 54442.06
Rangpur 44194.47
Division
Sylhet 75288.30
Table 4.2 shows the figures of average investment that are invested by the remittance receiving
households in 2015. Average investment from remittance at national level is accounted Tk.76,546.50
in 2015. These figures significantly vary across the divisions. The highest investment from remittance
is recorded in Dhaka (Tk.98,469.36) followed by Barisal (Tk.75,713.90), Sylhet (Tk.75,288.30) and
Chittagong (Tk.74,401.31). However, the lowest is recorded in Rangpur, Tk.44,194.47, which is
substantially lower than the national average investment from remittance.
Table 4.3: Investment by Category as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016

Investment Category Division
National Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet
Total 25.33 26.49 24.96 27.37 25.93 22.41 18.85 22.60
Construction or 18.94 20.78 20.68 17.71 20.76 16.40 13.34 16.86
reconstruction of kutcha,
semi - pucca or pucca
house/ building/ flat/
boundary wall/ personal
roads etc.
Pond digging/ soil filling/ 1.64 1.49 1.67 2.14 0.73 0.81 0.84 1.43
construction or
reconstruction of canals/
drains for irrigation
Construction or 1.28 0.38 0.41 2.18 1.32 2.99 1.18 1.01
reconstruction of industry,
business entity, shop etc.
Purchasing/ preparing of 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.02
computer software
Expenditure for tree 0.25 0.46 0.32 0.23 0.08 0.13 0.09 0.17
plantation and nursing the
plants
Expenditure for poultry/ 0.49 0.37 0.48 0.50 0.56 0.45 0.78 0.43
livestock/ fishery
18
Investment Category Division

Purchase of agriculture 0.24 0.25 0.09 0.26 0.50 0.07 0.33 0.82
equipment or other
machineries/ electronics
goods for commercial use
Purchase of vehicles for 1.21 0.41 0.31 3.06 0.35 0.21 0.44 0.56
commercial use
Cost of land ownership 0.87 1.97 0.63 0.78 1.46 0.96 1.57 0.83
transfer
Others 0.40 0.37 0.37 0.51 0.17 0.36 0.27 0.47
(Note: Others include car purchase for rent-a-car, establishment of deep tube well, setting electric pole etc.)
Table 4.3 depicts the figures on what portions of the remittance received in 2015 are invested in which
sectors. Of the total remittance received, 25.33% is invested in various sectors by the remittance
receiving households. Among the divisions, the highest investment is evident in Dhaka, 27.37%
followed by Barisal 26.49%, Khulna 25.93% and the lowest in Rangpur 18.85%.
Figure 4.3: Investment as Percentage of Total Remittance, 2016
26.49%
25.93%
25.33%
24.96%
27.37%
22.60%
22.41%
18.85%
Percentage

Division
19
Table 4.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Investment by Category and by Division, 2016
Investment Division
Category National Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Construction or 74.78 78.47 82.82 64.70 80.05 73.18 70.77 74.61
reconstruction of
kutcha , semi - pucca
or pucca house/
building/ flat/
boundary wall/
personal roads etc.
Pond digging/ soil 6.47 5.62 6.68 7.83 2.83 3.61 4.43 6.34
filling/ construction
or reconstruction of
canals/ drains for
irrigation
Construction or 5.07 1.43 1.65 7.98 5.09 13.36 6.26 4.46
reconstruction of
industry, business
entity, shop etc.
Purchasing/ 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.08
preparing of
computer software
Expenditure for tree 0.99 1.74 1.29 0.85 0.29 0.60 0.48 0.75
plantation and
nursing the plants
Expenditure for 1.94 1.40 1.91 1.83 2.15 2.02 4.14 1.91
poultry/ livestock/
fishery
Purchase of 0.93 0.96 0.37 0.95 1.92 0.30 1.74 3.62
agriculture
equipment or other
machineries/
electronics goods for
commercial use
Purchase of vehicles 4.78 1.53 1.25 11.18 1.33 0.95 2.35 2.47
for commercial use
Cost of land 3.42 7.42 2.51 2.83 5.64 4.28 8.35 3.67
ownership transfer
Others 1.58 1.41 1.47 1.85 0.65 1.63 1.43 2.08
(Note: Others include car purchase for rent-a-car, establishment of deep tube well, setting electric pole etc.)
Figures in Table 4.4 describe the proportions of investments in various categories by division.
Nationally, the lions share (74.78%) of the total investment from remittance is invested in
construction or reconstruction of kutcha, semi-pucca or pucca house/ building/ flat/ boundary wall/
personal roads etc. Investments in all other sectors are found very minor that varies from 1% to 7%.
20
Figure 4.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Investment by Category, 2016

0.93% 4.78%
3.42% 1.58%
0.99% 1.94% 1
0.03%
2
5.07%
3
6.47%
4
5
6
7
8
9
74.78% 10
(1: Construction or reconstruction of kutcha , semi - pucca or pucca house/ building/ flat/ boundary wall/ personal roads etc., 2: Pond
digging/ soil filling/ construction or reconstruction of canals/ drains for irrigation , 3: Construction or reconstruction of industry,
business entity, shop etc., 4: Purchasing/ preparing of computer software, 5: Expenditure for tree plantation and nursing the plants, 6:
Expenditure for poultry/ livestock/ fishery, 7: Purchase of agriculture equipment or other machineries/ electronics goods for
commercial use, 8: Purchase of vehicles for commercial use, 9: Cost of land ownership transfer, 10: Others)
In case of divisions, no significant differences are observed i.e. in all divisions most of the
investments are noted in construction or reconstruction of kutcha, semi-pucca or pucca house/
building/ flat/ boundary wall/ personal roads etc. Investments in all other sectors are apparent the same
as national figures.
Table 4.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Size of Investment

and by Division, 2016
Investment Size Division
(In Taka) National Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Less than 20000 59.75 45.79 58.77 61.77 57.13 67.86 62.02 59.40
20000 - 49999 10.15 15.78 11.82 6.21 11.47 8.41 13.36 9.87
50000 - 99999 9.26 13.88 9.90 7.99 11.54 6.22 8.01 8.53
100000 - 499999 17.80 22.40 16.26 19.85 17.98 15.94 15.80 19.09
500000 + 3.05 2.15 3.25 4.18 1.89 1.56 0.80 3.10
Table 4.5 shows the percentage distribution of remittance receiving households by size of investment.
At national level, the highest portion of remittance receiving households, 59.75% invested in the range
of less than Tk. 20,000.00 followed by 17.80% in Tk.1,00,000.00 - 4,99,999.00, 10.15% in
Tk.20,000.00 49,999.00 and 9.26% in Tk.50,000.00 99,999.00. The figure also shows that some of
households, i.e. 3.05% invested more than Tk.0.50 million in 2015.
21
Figure 4.5: Percentage Distribution of RRHHs by Size of Investment, 2016

17.80% 3.05%
Less than 20000 (Tk.)

9.26%
20000 - 49999 (Tk.)
50000 - 99999 (Tk.)
100000 - 499999 (Tk.)
500000 + (Tk.)
10.15%
59.75%
Across the divisions, the highest number of remittance receiving household invested in the range of
less than Tk. 20,000.00. Among the divisions, the highest share of remittance receiving households
that invested in the range of Tk.1,00,000.00 to 4,99,999.00 is recorded in Barisal (22.40%) followed
by Dhaka (19.85%) and Sylhet (19.09%), which are almost equal, and the lowest in Rangpur
(15.80%).
Table 4.6: Average Expenditures in Selected Heads Figure 4.6: Average Expenditures in Selected Heads
from Remittance by Division, 2016 from Remittance by Division, 2016
Division Average Expenditure in Selected
90712.86
86551.12
112243.67
84166.95
82064.18
Heads (in Taka)

73879.46
National 73879.46 56962.77

54274.00
Barisal 82064.18
Chittagong 54274.00
In Taka
Dhaka 90712.86
Khulna 84166.95
Rajshahi 86551.12
Rangpur 112243.67
Division
Sylhet 56962.77
Table 4.6 displays the figures of average expenditure in selected heads those were assumed to be
substantial in addition to the investment. In 2015, the average expenditure of remittance receiving
households in selected heads from remittance at national level is Tk.73,879.46 which is slightly less
than the average investment (Tk.76,546.50).
22
Large variations across the division are evident from the table. The highest expenditure in selected
heads from remittance is noted in Rangpur (Tk.1,12,243.67) where the lowest average investment
(Tk.44,194.47) is recorded. Chittagong and Sylhet, having a slight difference, are found at the bottom
with average expenditures of Tk.54,274.00 and Tk.56,962.77 respectively while the average
investments in these divisions are found quite high that are Tk.74,401.31 in Chittagong and
Tk.75,288.30 in Sylhet. So, there is a paradox observed between investment and expenditures in
selected heads from remittance.
Table 4.7: Expenditures in Selected Heads as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016
Heads of Expenditures Division
Total 24.45 28.71 18.21 25.21 36.09 35.63 47.88 17.10
Purchase of industry, 0.43 0.07 0.87 0.12 0.11 0.36 0.12 0.14
business entities, shop
etc.
Dwelling house/ flat 0.65 0.07 0.71 0.72 1.51 0.11 0.30 0.05
purchase
Land purchase 9.08 15.00 4.87 9.59 11.72 16.40 20.64 10.77
Expenditure on own/ joint 0.29 0.08 0.19 0.14 0.51 0.29 1.04 1.07
industry, business, shop
Purchase of share/ bond 0.11 0.02 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MLM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.21 0.00
Purchase of gold/ 0.94 1.11 1.44 0.63 0.65 0.41 0.31 0.57
diamond Jewelry etc. or
alike valuables
Repayment of loan taken 10.87 11.07 7.83 12.58 19.08 13.96 17.27 4.23
for going abroad
Land mortgage 1.08 0.26 0.58 0.53 2.46 3.01 7.74 0.07
Others 1.00 1.03 1.72 0.57 0.05 1.05 0.22 0.20
(Note: Others include dowry, expenditure for sending family members abroad, others loan repayment etc. Purchase of bond includes
Premium/ Investment/ Wage earners development bond)
Figures in Table 4.7 represent the percentages of the remittance spent in selected heads from the total
remittance received in 2015. Of the total remittance, 24.45% is spent in selected heads while 25.33%
is invested in various sectors by the remittance receiving households. Across the divisions, the
expenditures vary importantly; the highest expenditure from total remittance in selected heads is
noticed in Rangpur 47.88% followed by Khulna 36.09%, Rajshahi 35.63% and the lowest in Sylhet
17.10%.
23
Figure 4.7: Expenditures in Selected Heads as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016
47.88%
36.09%
35.63%
28.71%
25.21%
24.45%
18.21%
17.10%
Percentage
Division
Table 4.8: Percentage Distribution of Expenditure in Selected Heads from Remittance by

Division, 2016
Heads of Division
Expenditures National Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Purchase of industry, 1.75 0.24 4.77 0.46 0.31 1.01 0.26 0.79
business entities,
shop etc.
Dwelling house/ flat 2.65 0.26 3.90 2.87 4.17 0.30 0.63 0.29
purchase
Land purchase 37.13 52.24 26.75 38.06 32.47 46.04 43.12 62.98
Expenditure on 1.17 0.29 1.07 0.55 1.42 0.80 2.18 6.27
own/joint industry,
business, shop
Purchase of share/ 0.44 0.07 0.01 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
bond
MLM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.45 0.00
Purchase of gold/ 3.84 3.87 7.88 2.49 1.79 1.14 0.65 3.33
diamond jewelry etc.
or alike valuables
Repayment of loan 44.46 38.55 42.99 49.92 52.87 39.18 36.08 24.74
taken for going
abroad
Land mortgage 4.43 0.89 3.17 2.11 6.82 8.46 16.17 0.41
Others 4.10 3.59 9.46 2.24 0.14 2.96 0.47 1.19
24
Table 4.8 illustrates the proportions of expenditure in selected heads by division. Nationally, the
largest amount (44.46%) is used for loan repayment that was borrowed likely by the expatriates to
meet the expenditure for going abroad. Nevertheless, a substantial portion, 37.13% is used for land
purchase. Expenditures in all other heads are reflected insignificant.
Figure 4.8: Percentage Distribution of Expenditure in Selected Heads from Remittance, 2016
4.43% 4.10% 1.75% 2.65%

Purchase of industry, business entities,
37.13% shop etc.
Dwelling house/ flat purchase
Land purchase
Expenditure on own/joint industry,

business, shop
Purchase of share/ bond
MLM
Purchase of gold/ diamond jwellery etc.

or alike valuables
Payment of loan taken for going abroad
44.46% Land mortgage
1.17%
Others
0.44%
3.84%
0.04%
In case of divisions, no significant differences are observed i.e. most of the remittance other than
investment are used for loan repayment and land purchase. However, across the divisions,
dissimilarities are noticed between loan repayment and land purchase; in some divisions (Barisal,
Rajshahi, Rangpur and Sylhet) land purchase occupies the biggest share while in other divisions, Loan
Repayment scores the top.
Table 4.9: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Size of Expenditure
in Selected Heads by Division, 2016
Expenditure Size Division
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Less than 20000 51.61 42.56 58.21 50.56 37.88 46.08 30.35 66.90
20000 49999 10.00 10.83 12.45 7.82 10.54 8.45 6.28 6.88
50000 99999 12.86 18.81 12.25 10.65 18.70 14.15 16.58 7.73
100000 499999 23.37 26.24 15.82 27.32 31.36 28.68 44.84 15.98
500000 + 2.17 1.56 1.27 3.65 1.52 2.65 1.94 2.51
Table 4.5 shows the percentage distribution of remittance receiving households by size of expenditure
in selected heads in 2015. It is important to note that, like as investment, at national level, the majority
of remittance receiving households, 51.61% did spending in the range of less than Tk. 20,000.00
followed by 23.37% in Tk.1,00,000.00 - 4,99,999.00, 12.86% in Tk.50,000 99,999.00, and only
10.00% in Tk. 20,000 49,999.00. The figure also indicates that some of the households, i.e. 2.17%
made expenditure of more than Tk.0.50 million in selected heads in 2015.
25
Figure 4.9: Percentage Distribution of RRHHs by Size of Expenditure in Selected Heads, 2016
23.37%
2.17%
20000 - 49999 (Tk.)
50000 - 99999 (Tk.)
100000 - 499999 (Tk.)
500000 + (Tk.)
12.86%
51.61%
10.00%
Across divisions, no significant variation is observed i.e. the highest number of remittance receiving
household in all divisions spent in the range of Tk. Less than 20,000.00 in selected heads except
Rangpur. Among all divisions, Rangpur scores the top having the largest share of remittance receiving
households (44.84%) that did spending in the range of Tk.1,00,000.00 to 4,99,999.00 in selected heads
and Chittagong scores the lowest with 15.82% that did the same.
Table 4.10: Distribution of Loan Repayment as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016
Division Loan Repayment for Going Abroad Other Loans Repayment
% of RRHH % of Amount % of RRHH % of Amount
National 32.51 10.87 3.29 1.08
Barisal 33.30 11.07 0.94 0.26
Chittagong 27.44 7.83 1.66 0.58
Dhaka 37.27 12.58 1.87 0.53
Khulna 46.38 19.08 6.27 2.46
Rajshahi 32.79 13.96 7.33 3.01
Rangpur 37.05 17.27 18.01 7.74
Sylhet 17.09 4.23 0.19 0.07
Loan repayment has been distinctly analysed as it has been appeared as a substantial category of
spending from remittance. Among other categories, special focus was given on the loan repayment
that was borrowed probably by the expatriates for going abroad. Table 4.10 portrays the figures on the
percentage of remittance receiving households that paid loan for going abroad and for other purposes.
Alongside that, figures on the amounts that were paid by RRHHs against the loans for both purposes
are also described in Table 4.10. It is evident from the table that nationally, 32.51% of the remittance
receiving households paid aggregately 10.87% of the total remittance received in 2015 for loan
repayment for going abroad while very small percentage (3.29%) of RRHHs paid insignificant amount
(1.08%) for other loans repayment.
26
Figure 4.10: Loan Repayment as Percentage of Total Remittance, 2016
46.38%
37.27%
37.05%
33.30%
32.79%
32.51%
27.44%
Loan Repayment for
18.01%
Going Abroad
17.09%
Percentage
Other Loans
7.33%
6.27%
Repayment
3.29%
1.87%
0.19%
1.66%
0.94%
Division
Across divisions, the highest percentage of RRHHs (46.38%) that paid loan for going abroad is
evident in Khulna with the biggest amount (19.08%) of the total remittance received in 2015 while it
is the lowest in Sylhet (17.09%) with remarkably lower amount that is only 4.23 % of the total
remittance received in 2015.
27
28
Chapter V: Savings
Generally savings is a common characteristic of the households in Bangladesh. They usually save
from the precautionary objective. However, they do savings not only to meet unpredicted expenditure
but also to do investment. But neither all savers invest nor all savings are invested. So, there is a
divergence between saving and investment that are made out of remittance. Considering this
phenomenon, different dimensions of saving have been analysed in this chapter.
Table 5.1: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Households According to their
Savings Status by Division, 2016
Division Remittance Receiving Household
Total Savers Non-savers
National 100.00 40.71 59.29
Barisal 100.00 37.55 62.45
Chittagong 100.00 47.85 52.15
Dhaka 100.00 36.02 63.98
Khulna 100.00 37.49 62.51
Rajshahi 100.00 33.28 66.72
Rangpur 100.00 31.11 68.89
Sylhet 100.00 39.80 60.20
Figures in Table 5.1 describe the savings status of remittance receiving households. At national level,
less than half of the total remittance receiving households (40.71%) has reported that they have saved
part of the remittance they received in 2015, while the majority (59.29%) has reported that they have
not saved any amount from the remittance in 2015.
Figure 5.1: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Households by Savings Status, 2016
40.71%
59.29%
Savers
Non-savers
Across divisions, the highest savers have been recorded in Chittagong (47.85%) followed by Sylhet
(39.80%) and the lowest in Rangpur (31.11%). It implies that the percentage share of households, who
save from the remittance they received, varies across divisions.
29
Table 5.2: Average Remittance Savings of RRHH Figure 5.2: Average Remittance Savings by Divisions,
by Division, 2016 2016
Average Savings from Remittance
27570.00
25560.82
25385.45
30528.64
Division
(In taka)
21464.12
21287.70
20174.41
Total 25385.45
12559.41
Barisal 20174.41
In Taka
Chittagong 25560.82
Dhaka 30528.64
Khulna 21464.12
Rajshahi 21287.70
Rangpur 12559.41
Division
Sylhet 27570.00
Table 5.2 displays data on average remittance savings of RRHHs by division. It is manifested from the
table that national average remittance savings stands at Tk. 25,385.45 whereas it is higher than the
national average in Dhaka (Tk. 30,528.64), Sylhet (Tk. 27,570.00) and Chittagong (Tk. 25,560.82)
divisions and lower in Barisal (Tk. 20,174.41), Khulna (Tk. 21,464.12), Rajshahi (Tk. 21,287.70) and
Rangpur (Tk. 12,559.41).
Table 5.3: Savings by Category as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016
Category of Savings Division
Total 8.40 7.06 8.58 8.48 9.20 8.76 5.36 8.28
Purchase of savings bond 0.45 0.18 0.04 0.87 1.52 0.32 0.00 0.13
Insurance 0.39 0.20 0.49 0.37 0.13 0.47 0.18 0.40
Savings account 4.19 2.72 3.95 4.54 4.70 4.44 1.99 5.36
DPS/ SDPS 1.00 2.02 1.06 0.69 0.84 1.32 1.25 1.13
Fixed deposit (one month 0.61 0.87 1.03 0.40 0.03 0.23 0.18 0.17
& above)
Co-operative society 0.07 0.08 0.14 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.04
NGO 0.17 0.06 0.21 0.17 0.10 0.28 0.10 0.02
Friends & others 0.67 0.37 0.65 0.84 0.82 0.55 0.76 0.03
Savings at home 0.84 0.48 0.99 0.58 1.07 1.11 0.76 0.99
Others 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.12 0.00
(Note: Others include Clubs, Local Associations etc.)
Table 5.3 presents the proportions of the remittance that were saved in different forms by the
remittance receiving households from the total remittance they received in 2015. Of the total
remittance, at national level, 8.40% is saved in various forms by the remittance receiving households.
30
Figure 5.3: Saving as percentage of Total Remittance, 2016
9.20%
8.76%
8.58%
8.48%
8.40%
8.28%
7.06%
5.36%
Percentage
Across divisions, the proportions of savings from remittance fairly vary; the highest proportion of
savings from the total remittance in various forms is observed in Khulna 9.20% followed by Rajshahi
8.76%, Chittagong 8.58%, Dhaka 8.48% and the lowest in Rangpur 5.36%.
Table 5.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Savings by Category, 2016 and 2013
Category of Savings Survey Year
2016 2013
Total 100.00 100.00
Purchase of savings bond 5.31 5.79
Insurance 4.66 4.89
Savings account 49.86 66.07
DPS/ SDPS 11.86 7.13
Fixed Deposit (one month & above) 7.24 5.02
Co-operative society 0.88 0.24
NGO 2.04 -
Friends & others 7.98 1.07
Savings at home 10.00 9.14
Others 0.16 0.65
Table 5.4 shows the distribution of savings in different forms saved by the households from the
remittance they received in 2015. It is evident from the table that two-third of the savers keep their
savings in bank in various forms. Among the forms with banks, savings account has been reported as
the most preferable custodian of savings with unparalleled share 49.86% followed by DPS/ SDPS,
11.86%, Fixed deposit, 7.24% and so on. Conversely, some of savings are kept in hands at home
10.00% while friends & others with 7.98% have also been noted as a custodian of savings of
remittance.
31
Figure 5.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Savings by Category, 2016 and 2013
49.86%
Percentage of Remittance Savings
66.07%
11.86%
10.00%
9.14%
7.13%
7.98%
7.24%
5.79%
5.02%
4.89%
5.31%
4.66%
0.65%
0.24%
1.07%
0.88%
0.16%
2016
2013
Category of Savings
Note: NGO is not shown in the graph as there is no information in that field in 2013
Table 5.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Savings by Category and by Division, 2016
Category of Division
Savings National Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Purchase of savings 5.31 2.55 0.49 10.29 16.46 3.60 0.00 1.55
bond
Insurance 4.66 2.84 5.69 4.32 1.40 5.36 3.34 4.85
Savings account 49.86 38.49 46.08 53.51 51.06 50.66 37.23 64.77
DPS/ SDPS 11.86 28.60 12.33 8.11 9.16 15.06 23.25 13.64
Fixed deposit (one 7.24 12.31 12.02 4.70 0.30 2.63 3.29 2.09
month & above)
Co-operative 0.88 1.18 1.66 0.28 0.00 0.52 0.52 0.51
society
NGO 2.04 0.79 2.47 2.00 1.11 3.15 1.82 0.23
Friends & others 7.98 5.29 7.60 9.91 8.92 6.28 14.20 0.38
Savings at home 10.00 6.82 11.55 6.82 11.59 12.64 14.15 11.98
Others 0.16 1.14 0.11 0.04 0.00 0.12 2.21 0.00
Table 5.5 showcases the proportions of savings in various forms by division. As mentioned earlier
(also observed from the table), nationally, the largest amount (49.86%) is saved on savings account
with the bank followed by DPS/SDPS, 11.86%.
32
Figure 5.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Savings by Category, 2016
10.00% 0.16% 5.31%

4.66% Purchase of savings bond
7.98%
Insurance
2.04% Savings account
0.88%
7.24% DPS/ SDPS
Fixed deposit (one month & above)
Co-operative society
NGO
Friends & others

11.86%
Savings at home
49.86% Others
In case of divisions, moderate differences are observed. Though, like as national scenario, major
portions of the savings from remittance in all divisions are kept on savings account with the bank
followed by DPS/SDPS, the figures vary prominently across divisions. As usually, savers in Barisal
prefer the most savings account (38.49%); yet, they prefer DPS/SDPS (28.60%) equally. The same
picture is also evident in Rangpur where DPS/SDPS has been appeared as the second choice of
savings with a substantial share 23.25% although saving account constitutes the top score (37.23%).
Table 5.6: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Range of Remittance

Savings by Division, 2016
Saving Range Division
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Less than 20000 76.23 78.58 72.33 79.29 79.71 78.77 84.35 70.85
20000 - 49999 10.43 7.31 13.58 7.34 9.79 8.99 6.00 12.47
50000 - 99999 6.11 7.02 6.83 5.12 4.10 6.38 5.78 8.28
100000 - 499999 6.66 6.94 6.92 7.11 5.82 5.45 3.81 7.97
500000 + 0.57 0.14 0.34 1.14 0.58 0.40 0.06 0.42
Table 5.6 depicts the state of remittance receiving household by range of savings from remittance. At
national level, out of total remittance receiving households that did savings in 2015, the highest
76.23% saved less than Tk.20,000.00 followed by 10.43% with the savings of Tk.20,000.00
Tk.49,999.00, 6.66% with Tk.1,00,000.00 Tk.4,99,999.00, 6.11% with Tk.50,000.00Tk.99,999.00,
and only 0.57% saved more than Tk.5,00,000.00.
33
Figure 5.6: Remittance Receiving Household by Range of Remittance Savings, 2016

6.11% 6.66% 0.57%
10.43%
20000 - 49999 (Tk.)
50000 - 99999 (Tk.)
100000 - 499999 (Tk.)
500000 + (Tk.)
76.23%
Diversified savings patterns are observed across divisions; although the highest percentage, like as
national figure, in all divisions saves less than Tk.20,000.00 followed by the range of Tk.20,000.00-
Tk.49,999.00, the figures vary significantly across divisions. In the range of less than Tk.20,000.00,
the highest, 45.87% of remittance receiving households that do savings is found in Khulna and the
lowest, 26.63%, which is significantly less than the highest figure (45.87%), in Sylhet. Observing the
higher ranges of savings, significant variations are noted; the households that do savings more than
Tk.0.50 million are recorded highest in Dhaka (3.06%) while it is the lowest in Barisal (0.27%), which
is multi-times lower than the highest figure (3.06%).
34
Chapter VI: Investment, Savings and Expenditure

The previous chapter analyses the distribution of investment, expenditure in selected heads and
savings made out of remittance. In this chapter, the shares of these components in total remittance as
well as some other phenomenon have been analysed.
Table 6.1: Distribution of Investment, Savings and Expenditure in Selected Heads as the
Percentage of Remittance Received in 2015 by Division, 2016
Division Income Investment Savings Expenditures in Total
Selected Heads (3+4+5)
1 2 3 4 5 6
National 100.00 25.33 8.40 24.45 58.18
Barisal 100.00 26.49 7.06 28.71 62.25
Chittagong 100.00 24.96 8.58 18.21 51.75
Dhaka 100.00 27.37 8.48 25.21 61.06
Khulna 100.00 25.93 9.20 36.09 71.22
Rajshahi 100.00 22.41 8.76 35.63 66.80
Rangpur 100.00 18.85 5.36 47.88 72.08
Sylhet 100.00 22.60 8.28 17.10 47.98
Total investment, savings and the expenditure in selected heads of the remittance receiving
households as percentage share of total remittance are shown in Table 6.1. The survey reveals that at
national level, out of total remittance received by the RRHHs in 2015, 58.18% is used in investment,
savings and to meet the expenditures in selected heads while the rest portion (41.82%) is likely used to
meet the food and non-food consumption expenditures.
Figure 6.1: Investment, Savings and Expenditure in Selected Heads as the Percentage of
Remittance Received in 2015 by division, 2016
Investment Expenditures in selected heads Savings

47.88%
36.09%
35.63%
28.71%
27.37%
26.49%
25.93%
24.45%
25.21%
25.33%
24.96%
22.60%
22.41%
18.21%
9.20%
7.06%
8.40%
8.76%
18.85%
17.10%
8.48%
8.58%
5.36%
8.28%

Division
These figures are significantly dissimilar across the divisions. However, the highest figure is recorded
in Rangpur (72.08%), which, so far, indicates that consumption spending from remittance in Rangpur
is comparatively low. On the other hand, the total figure of investment, savings and expenditure in
selected heads is the lowest in Sylhet, 47.98%, which perhaps implies that consumption spending
from remittance in this division is moderately high.
35
Table 6.2: Expenditure for Land Purchase, House/Flat Purchase, Loan Repayment and
Investment on Construction and reconstruction of kutcha, semi-pucca or pucca
house/ building/ flat/ boundary wall/personal roads etc. as the Percentage of
Remittance Received in 2015 by Division, 2016
Division Expenditure Expenditure for Expenditure for Loan Investment on Total
for Land House/ Flat Repayment (Loan for Construction and (2+3+4+5)
Purchase Purchase going abroad) reconstruction of kutcha.....
1 2 3 4 5 6
National 9.08 0.65 10.87 18.94 39.54
Barisal 15.00 0.07 11.07 20.78 46.92
Chittagong 4.87 0.71 7.83 20.68 34.09
Dhaka 9.59 0.72 12.58 17.71 40.61
Khulna 11.72 1.51 19.08 20.76 53.06
Rajshahi 16.40 0.11 13.96 16.40 46.87
Rangpur 20.64 0.30 17.27 13.34 51.56
Sylhet 10.77 0.05 4.23 16.86 31.91
Table 6.2 illustrates the figures of the percentages of remittance used in some specific sectors out of
total remittance received in 2015. It is assumed that these sectors are dominant in catching up the
remittance in our country. In total, a significant share, 39.54%, of the total remittance received in 2015
is used in the mentioned four sectors at national level. Across the division, these figures are
importantly varied; it is the highest in Khulna, 53.06% while the lowest is recorded in Sylhet, 31.91%.
Figure 6.2: Expenditure for Land Purchase, House/ Flat Purchase, Loan Repayment and
Investment on Construction and reconstruction of kutcha, semi-pucca or pucca
house/ building/ flat/ boundary wall/ personal roads etc. as the Percentage of
Remittance Received in 2015
18.94%
10.87%
9.08%
0.65%
Expenditure for Land Expenditure for Expenditure for Loan Investment on

Purchase House/ Flat Purchase Repayment (Loan for Construction and
going abroad) reconstruction of
katcha.....
36
APPENDICES
37
38
Appendix-1: Characteristics of Remittance Receiving Households

A 1.1: Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Division
No. of Estimated RRHHs No. of Enumerated RRHHs
Division
2016 2013 2016 2013
National 1706350 1525111 10451 9961
Barisal 82162 81215 892 865
Chittagong 680638 455936 2356 2310
Dhaka 458705 500700 2569 2396
Khulna 164617 171438 1312 1206
Rajshahi 143157 138169 1320 1256
Rangpur 80283 73955 905 865
Sylhet 96788 103698 1097 1063
A 1.2: Percentage Distribution of Head of Remittance Receiving Household and General

Household by Sex and by Division
Head of Remittance Receiving Household Head of General Household
Division 2016 2013
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
National 100.00 48.22 51.78 100.00 51.88 48.12 100.00 84.42 15.58
Barisal 100.00 55.90 44.10 100.00 53.52 46.48 100.00 83.83 16.17
Chittagong 100.00 44.52 55.48 100.00 50.55 49.45 100.00 76.86 23.14
Dhaka 100.00 47.45 52.55 100.00 52.33 47.67 100.00 84.96 15.04
Khulna 100.00 49.99 50.01 100.00 53.13 46.87 100.00 88.46 11.54
Rajshahi 100.00 48.73 51.27 100.00 51.79 48.21 100.00 88.18 11.82
Rangpur 100.00 53.94 46.06 100.00 50.82 49.18 100.00 86.96 13.04
Sylhet 100.00 62.94 37.06 100.00 53.09 46.91 100.00 82.16 17.84
(Note: General Households refer the households obtained from the Population and Housing Census-2011.
A 1.3 a: Percentage Distribution of Head of RRHH by Level of Education and by Division, 2016
Level of Education
No
Division Total Lower Higher Graduate Dont
Education Primary Secondary
Secondary Secondary & Above Know
National 100.00 28.56 28.95 27.19 9.89 3.54 1.80 0.08
Barisal 100.00 16.83 32.84 29.37 14.43 3.76 2.78 0.00
Chittagong 100.00 21.56 28.98 30.00 13.15 4.58 1.69 0.04
Dhaka 100.00 36.65 28.58 24.41 6.60 2.17 1.59 0.00
Khulna 100.00 32.08 30.16 26.94 5.41 3.27 1.82 0.32
Rajshahi 100.00 35.23 25.79 26.71 7.49 3.02 1.75 0.00
Rangpur 100.00 32.34 24.96 24.60 10.22 4.86 2.77 0.25
Sylhet 100.00 30.35 33.10 22.02 9.52 2.66 2.01 0.34
(Note: No education: Never attend school/not passed class-I, Primary: Class-I to Class-V, Lower Secondary- Class-VI to Class-IX, Secondary: Class-X,
Higher Secondary: Class-XII, Graduate & Above: Degree (Pass)/ Hons/ Post Graduate/ M.S/Ph.D./ equivalent)
39
A 1.3 b: Percentage Distribution of Head (Male) of RRHH by Level of Education and by Division, 2016
Level of Education
No
National 100.00 35.13 29.11 19.55 9.24 4.15 2.72 0.10
Barisal 100.00 22.72 32.05 25.64 10.84 4.60 4.16 0.00
Chittagong 100.00 24.85 30.93 23.40 12.50 5.80 2.52 0.00
Dhaka 100.00 46.66 27.70 15.03 6.28 1.64 2.69 0.00
Khulna 100.00 43.11 26.26 20.13 3.80 4.34 1.73 0.63
Rajshahi 100.00 43.61 21.78 18.49 8.86 4.57 2.68 0.00
Rangpur 100.00 39.21 25.84 14.80 9.60 6.46 4.09 0.00
Sylhet 100.00 31.06 37.50 15.72 9.85 2.20 3.13 0.54
A 1.3 c: Percentage Distribution of Head (Female) of RRHH by Level of Education and by Division, 2016
Level of Education
No
National 100.00 22.43 28.79 34.30 10.49 2.97 0.95 0.06
Barisal 100.00 9.36 33.84 34.09 18.97 2.69 1.04 0.00
Chittagong 100.00 18.93 27.40 35.29 13.67 3.60 1.03 0.07
Dhaka 100.00 27.60 29.38 32.88 6.88 2.65 0.60 0.00
Khulna 100.00 21.05 34.06 33.74 7.02 2.21 1.91 0.02
Rajshahi 100.00 27.26 29.61 34.53 6.19 1.55 0.87 0.00
Rangpur 100.00 24.29 23.93 36.07 10.94 2.99 1.23 0.54
Sylhet 100.00 29.14 25.64 32.70 8.96 3.43 0.12 0.00
A 1.4: Distribution of Head of RRHH as Principal Remittance Receiver by Division, 2016

Division Head of RRHH as Principal Remittance Receiver
Yes (%) No (%)
National 87.55 12.45
Barisal 83.99 16.01
Chittagong 87.63 12.37
Dhaka 88.61 11.39
Khulna 88.18 11.82
Rajshahi 83.55 16.45
Rangpur 88.56 11.44
Sylhet 88.98 11.02
40
A 1.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household Owning Land by Size and by
Division, 2016
Division
Size of Land
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Landless 2.23 1.12 1.58 3.37 3.04 3.17 1.38 0.39
0.01 - 0.49 acre 54.47 41.42 63.71 57.97 45.53 45.92 34.78 28.14
0.50 - 0.99 acre 16.86 22.51 15.41 16.10 18.61 20.95 17.35 16.41
1.00 - 2.49 acres 17.97 24.64 13.56 16.23 22.29 20.27 29.92 31.01
2.50 - 7.49 acres 7.65 8.97 5.30 5.65 9.28 9.15 15.29 21.14
7.50 + 0.82 1.34 0.44 0.69 1.26 0.55 1.28 2.91
A 1.6: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household Owning Land by Category
and by Division, 2016
Category of Land
Division Total Landless Homestead Agricultural Commercial Others
with
Courtyard
National 100.00 2.23 96.89 61.60 2.68 33.64
Barisal 100.00 1.12 97.74 78.14 2.54 53.99
Chittagong 100.00 1.58 98.07 55.25 2.90 45.04
Dhaka 100.00 3.37 95.37 55.70 1.93 18.61
Khulna 100.00 3.04 96.21 71.87 2.77 25.79
Rajshahi 100.00 3.17 94.74 68.86 1.98 24.72
Rangpur 100.00 1.38 96.57 77.70 3.64 32.54
Sylhet 100.00 0.39 99.61 78.58 4.79 34.92
(Note: Others include pond, graveyard, garden, abandoned land etc,)
41
42
Appendix-2: Characteristics of Expatriates

A 2.1: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Sex and by Division
2016 2013
Division
Total Male Female Total Male Female
National 100.00 97.38 2.62 100.00 97.37 2.63
Barisal 100.00 96.11 3.89 100.00 97.19 2.81
Chittagong 100.00 98.07 1.93 100.00 98.49 1.51
Dhaka 100.00 96.46 3.54 100.00 96.89 3.11
Khulna 100.00 96.44 3.56 100.00 97.91 2.09
Rajshahi 100.00 98.03 1.97 100.00 97.63 2.37
Rangpur 100.00 96.88 3.12 100.00 97.17 2.83
Sylhet 100.00 98.48 1.52 100.00 94.31 5.69
A 2.2: Gender Composition of Expatriates by Age Group, 2016

Sex
Age Group Total
Male Female
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
< 25 13.05 13.01 14.74
25 29 22.95 23.03 20.12
30 34 18.89 18.86 20.25
35 39 17.41 17.45 16.20
40 - 44 11.18 11.18 11.37
45 - 49 7.75 7.72 9.18
50 - 54 5.04 5.01 6.34
55 - 59 2.49 2.51 1.68
60 + 1.22 1.25 0.13
A 2.3 a: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Level of Education and by Division, 2016

Level of Education
No
Division Total
Education Primary Lower Higher Graduate Dont
Secondary
National 100.00 9.64 26.74 37.15 15.33 8.30 2.58 0.26
Barisal 100.00 4.42 26.94 33.99 19.66 10.27 4.71 0.00
Chittagong 100.00 6.44 23.87 39.57 17.26 9.65 2.93 0.27
Dhaka 100.00 12.75 27.39 38.16 13.20 6.43 1.59 0.47
Khulna 100.00 13.90 31.46 30.27 15.62 6.18 2.52 0.05
Rajshahi 100.00 14.66 28.34 33.53 12.46 9.51 1.45 0.04
Rangpur 100.00 11.56 23.40 36.77 15.05 10.69 2.46 0.07
Sylhet 100.00 8.04 36.55 33.30 11.75 5.77 4.48 0.12
Higher Secondary: Class-XII, Graduate & Above: Degree (Pass)/ Hons/ Post Graduate/ M.S/ Ph.D./e quivalent)
43
A 2.3 b: Percentage Distribution of Male Expatriates by Level of Education and by Division, 2016
Level of Education
No
National 100.00 9.48 26.55 37.37 15.47 8.25 2.62 0.26
Barisal 100.00 4.44 26.24 33.77 20.15 10.67 4.73 0.00
Chittagong 100.00 6.52 23.98 39.74 17.20 9.30 2.99 0.28
Dhaka 100.00 12.39 27.00 38.35 13.57 6.61 1.60 0.49
Khulna 100.00 13.60 30.87 30.95 15.80 6.23 2.50 0.05
Rajshahi 100.00 14.28 27.99 34.07 12.66 9.53 1.42 0.04
Rangpur 100.00 11.24 23.45 36.49 15.17 11.04 2.54 0.07
Sylhet 100.00 7.88 36.35 33.51 11.82 5.82 4.51 0.12
Higher Secondary: Class-XII, Graduate & Above: Degree (Pass)/ Hons/ Post Graduate/ M.S/ Ph.D./ equivalent)
A 2.3 c: Percentage Distribution of Female Expatriates by Level of Education and by Division, 2016
Level of Education
No
Division Total
Education Primary Lower Higher Graduate Dont
Secondary
National 100.00 15.42 33.63 28.93 10.31 10.28 1.43 0.00
Barisal 100.00 4.02 44.27 39.53 7.45 0.44 4.30 0.00
Chittagong 100.00 2.12 18.51 30.92 20.66 27.79 0.00 0.00
Dhaka 100.00 22.76 38.11 33.03 3.20 1.49 1.40 0.00
Khulna 100.00 21.78 47.47 11.79 10.85 5.06 3.06 0.00
Rajshahi 100.00 33.51 45.82 6.69 2.68 8.17 3.12 0.00
Rangpur 100.00 21.51 21.91 45.29 11.29 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sylhet 100.00 18.39 49.64 19.65 7.33 2.50 2.50 0.00
Higher Secondary: Class-XII, Graduate & Above: Degree (Pass)/ Hons/ Post Graduate/ M.S/ Ph.D./ equivalent)
A 2.4: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Length of Living in Abroad and by Division, 2016
Length of Living in Abroad (Year)
Division 10 years &
Total Less than 1 1 to less than 3 3 to less than 5 5 to less than 10
Above
National 100.00 6.85 17.54 16.86 33.16 25.60
Barisal 100.00 5.59 16.38 18.47 34.80 24.76
Chittagong 100.00 5.18 16.08 18.67 31.66 28.42
Dhaka 100.00 7.78 16.51 14.92 33.80 27.00
Khulna 100.00 10.98 24.53 14.17 33.23 17.08
Rajshahi 100.00 9.69 18.30 13.26 39.87 18.88
Rangpur 100.00 7.64 23.17 16.52 36.94 15.73
Sylhet 100.00 5.15 17.97 20.18 28.44 28.26
44
A 2.5: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Occupation and by Living Country, 2016

Occupation
Student
Country House
Total Job Business Labour and Part- Others
worker
time job
Total 100.00 28.34 5.17 62.34 0.83 1.15 2.17
Saudi Arabia 100.00 30.15 7.33 58.41 0.51 0.58 3.01
United Arab Emirates 100.00 32.27 2.95 61.66 0.03 1.82 1.27
Malaysia 100.00 18.36 1.51 77.79 1.01 0.00 1.32
Oman 100.00 25.20 4.35 68.94 0.07 1.10 0.34
Qatar 100.00 29.17 5.81 58.83 2.65 0.60 2.95
Singapore 100.00 23.07 0.61 75.34 0.18 0.00 0.79
Kuwait 100.00 29.20 5.78 59.43 0.58 1.53 3.47
Bahrain 100.00 29.50 7.27 60.16 0.00 0.45 2.62
Italy 100.00 49.71 16.70 27.68 0.76 0.17 4.99
United Kingdom 100.00 33.33 10.56 45.15 6.51 1.33 3.11
Maldives 100.00 17.60 1.36 79.73 0.00 0.05 1.25
Iraq 100.00 39.15 0.87 55.49 0.00 1.17 3.33
Lebanon 100.00 20.67 0.36 51.01 0.00 24.30 3.66
Libya 100.00 16.13 0.00 82.04 0.00 0.00 1.83
United States of America 100.00 48.21 1.35 39.51 7.07 0.92 2.94
Jordan 100.00 21.59 0.00 41.39 0.00 33.09 3.93
South Africa 100.00 9.75 38.94 51.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
Brunei Darussalam 100.00 9.24 6.22 83.06 1.47 0.00 0.00
Mauritius 100.00 16.13 0.00 83.87 0.00 0.00 0.00
France 100.00 58.19 0.36 40.99 0.46 0.00 0.00
Greece 100.00 13.62 7.86 78.52 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Korea 100.00 45.25 0.00 46.65 0.00 0.00 8.11
Spain 100.00 33.46 0.41 66.14 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 100.00 50.55 3.54 37.87 8.04 0.00 0.00
Germany 100.00 4.61 0.56 58.62 23.21 0.56 12.45
Australia 100.00 69.62 6.96 20.18 3.23 0.00 0.00
Japan 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
OSAC 100.00 9.24 2.57 79.95 4.73 3.51 0.00
ONAC 100.00 33.91 9.24 24.99 14.95 0.00 16.91
OMEC 100.00 17.95 14.57 46.18 0.00 0.00 21.30
OEC 100.00 32.60 8.49 47.46 6.54 1.35 3.55
OAuC 100.00 46.69 4.92 43.03 0.43 0.00 4.93
OALC 100.00 19.02 2.01 76.90 0.00 0.92 1.14
OAfC 100.00 35.92 8.27 51.61 0.69 3.18 0.33
OAC 100.00 25.82 9.37 46.36 12.64 4.21 1.61
45
A 2.6: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Level of Education and by Living Country, 2016
Level of Education
Country No Lower Higher Graduate Dont
Total Primary Secondary
Education Secondary Secondary & Above Know
Total 100.00 9.64 26.74 37.15 15.33 8.30 2.58 0.26
Saudi Arabia 100.00 11.03 28.11 35.63 15.18 7.38 2.52 0.15
United Arab Emirates 100.00 8.36 28.03 39.10 16.00 6.10 1.96 0.44
Malaysia 100.00 13.87 31.64 33.84 12.04 6.67 1.64 0.29
Oman 100.00 9.30 33.75 37.21 12.71 6.61 0.40 0.01
Qatar 100.00 9.01 18.36 42.67 18.14 8.89 2.14 0.79
Singapore 100.00 3.95 7.84 30.43 30.72 24.84 2.21 0.00
Kuwait 100.00 9.27 27.11 38.04 18.28 5.92 1.20 0.16
Bahrain 100.00 8.59 22.71 53.53 9.52 3.78 1.06 0.82
Italy 100.00 2.96 14.54 39.69 23.31 13.95 5.55 0.00
United Kingdom 100.00 6.11 13.34 18.89 19.38 21.41 20.58 0.30
Maldives 100.00 9.94 41.98 39.63 7.14 0.98 0.25 0.09
Iraq 100.00 12.61 27.79 46.19 7.57 3.98 1.85 0.00
Lebanon 100.00 12.29 26.70 48.31 8.29 4.42 0.00 0.00
Libya 100.00 17.14 17.88 53.07 10.06 1.10 0.00 0.76
United States of America 100.00 0.00 18.11 12.92 13.72 17.66 37.58 0.00
Jordan 100.00 15.65 46.27 32.18 5.91 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 100.00 2.60 3.86 51.40 19.17 17.27 3.36 2.34
Brunei Darussalam 100.00 8.16 35.41 36.78 13.06 5.94 0.66 0.00
Mauritius 100.00 8.10 45.21 45.63 0.52 0.53 0.00 0.00
France 100.00 0.00 36.12 9.97 14.15 31.96 7.81 0.00
Greece 100.00 1.26 25.22 24.64 27.63 3.92 17.34 0.00
South Korea 100.00 0.00 0.00 15.20 24.73 53.00 7.06 0.00
Spain 100.00 0.41 0.81 18.56 24.43 18.27 37.52 0.00
Canada 100.00 0.00 0.00 3.54 16.25 36.07 44.14 0.00
Germany 100.00 0.00 1.07 33.69 25.35 13.35 26.54 0.00
Australia 100.00 0.00 3.23 0.00 16.95 0.00 79.82 0.00
Japan 100.00 0.00 0.00 9.27 24.33 18.69 0.00 47.72
OSAC 100.00 11.45 15.34 42.95 7.94 17.60 4.73 0.00
ONAC 100.00 1.39 19.41 36.52 13.03 29.65 0.00 0.00
OMEC 100.00 8.59 32.08 40.51 10.83 4.56 3.44 0.00
OEC 100.00 14.71 17.94 36.07 13.35 16.17 1.76 0.00
OAuC 100.00 1.79 33.87 27.91 5.89 3.01 27.53 0.00
OALC 100.00 11.75 27.87 54.48 2.00 3.90 0.00 0.00
OAfC 100.00 7.79 21.47 45.09 2.98 16.06 6.62 0.00
OAC 100.00 6.61 31.46 37.86 12.69 11.38 0.00 0.00
46
A 2.7: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates Currently at Home by Reasons and by Division, 2016
Division
Reason
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
On leave 80.16 84.79 82.76 75.82 77.11 86.80 77.13 76.53
Sick 6.17 8.51 7.18 7.10 6.89 0.54 4.87 2.45
War 0.60 1.07 0.00 1.31 2.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
Study completed 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
No work permit 1.93 3.27 0.14 4.06 0.57 4.35 4.53 0.53
Visa expired 4.97 0.31 3.33 5.55 8.69 4.74 6.93 9.39
Others 6.18 2.06 6.59 6.16 4.48 3.58 6.53 11.10
47
48
Appendix-3: Detailed Statistical Tables

A 3.1: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Level of Education and Living Country
Level of Education
Country No Lower Higher Graduate Dont
Total Primary Secondary
Education Secondary Secondary & Above Know
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Saudi Arabia 28.05 32.11 29.50 26.90 27.78 24.94 27.37 16.33
United Arab Emirates 17.99 15.61 18.86 18.93 18.77 13.22 13.67 30.54
Malaysia 13.12 18.89 15.53 11.95 10.31 10.54 8.32 15.02
Oman 10.04 9.69 12.68 10.06 8.32 7.99 1.56 0.58
Qatar 4.99 4.66 3.43 5.73 5.90 5.34 4.12 15.34
Singapore 4.35 1.78 1.28 3.56 8.72 13.01 3.73 0.00
Kuwait 4.27 4.11 4.33 4.37 5.09 3.05 1.99 2.72
Bahrain 2.76 2.46 2.35 3.98 1.71 1.26 1.13 8.76
Italy 3.17 0.97 1.72 3.38 4.81 5.32 6.80 0.00
United Kingdom 0.98 0.62 0.49 0.50 1.24 2.54 7.85 1.13
Maldives 1.29 1.33 2.03 1.38 0.60 0.15 0.13 0.46
Iraq 1.05 1.38 1.09 1.31 0.52 0.50 0.75 0.00
Lebanon 0.93 1.19 0.93 1.21 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00
Libya 0.57 1.02 0.38 0.82 0.37 0.08 0.00 1.69
United States of America 0.56 0.00 0.38 0.19 0.50 1.18 8.10 0.00
Jordan 0.32 0.53 0.56 0.28 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.54 0.15 0.08 0.74 0.67 1.12 0.70 4.88
Brunei Darussalam 0.39 0.33 0.52 0.39 0.33 0.28 0.10 0.00
Mauritius 0.15 0.12 0.25 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
France 0.28 0.00 0.38 0.08 0.26 1.09 0.85 0.00
Greece 0.26 0.03 0.24 0.17 0.46 0.12 1.71 0.00
South Korea 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.38 1.51 0.65 0.00
Spain 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.28 0.39 2.59 0.00
Canada 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.24 0.93 0.00
Germany 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.13 0.23 0.23 1.45 0.00
Australia 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.75 0.00
Japan 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 2.55
OSAC 0.36 0.42 0.20 0.41 0.18 0.75 0.65 0.00
ONAC 0.25 0.04 0.18 0.25 0.21 0.90 0.00 0.00
OMEC 0.22 0.19 0.26 0.24 0.15 0.12 0.29 0.00
OEC 0.64 0.97 0.43 0.62 0.55 1.24 0.44 0.00
OAuC 0.18 0.03 0.23 0.14 0.07 0.07 1.95 0.00
OALC 0.29 0.35 0.30 0.42 0.04 0.13 0.00 0.00
OAfC 0.56 0.45 0.45 0.68 0.11 1.08 1.43 0.00
OAC 0.79 0.54 0.93 0.81 0.66 1.08 0.00 0.00
(Note: No education: Never attend school/not passed class-I, Primary: Class-I to Class-V, Lower Secondary- Class-VI to Class-IX, Secondary:
Class-X, Higher Secondary: Class-XII, Graduate & Above: Degree (Pass)/ Hons/ Post Graduate/ M.S/ Ph.D./ equivalent)
49
A 3.2: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Mode of Going Abroad and by Sex

Mode of Going Abroad
Division Officially Unofficially
Total Male Female Total Male Female
National 86.15 83.84 2.30 13.85 13.54 0.32
Barisal 95.66 92.13 3.53 4.34 3.98 0.37
Chittagong 88.14 86.45 1.69 11.86 11.62 0.24
Dhaka 81.47 78.28 3.20 18.53 18.18 0.34
Khulna 72.93 70.35 2.58 27.07 26.09 0.99
Rajshahi 95.66 93.72 1.93 4.34 4.30 0.04
Rangpur 98.19 95.11 3.08 1.81 1.77 0.04
Sylhet 84.46 83.25 1.21 15.54 15.23 0.30
A 3.3: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Occupation and by Category of Own Land,
2016
Category of Land
Division Total Landless Homestead with Agricultural Commercial Others
Courtyard
National 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Job 28.34 23.24 28.49 26.91 37.01 27.67
Business 5.17 0.71 5.23 6.12 8.58 5.83
Labour 62.34 68.01 62.20 63.13 48.05 62.67
Student and Part-time job 0.83 0.19 0.84 0.92 0.33 0.79
House worker 1.15 5.83 1.06 0.52 0.18 0.58
Others 2.17 2.03 2.19 2.39 5.86 2.45
(Note: Others include pond, graveyard, garden, abandoned land etc,)
A 3.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Category of Investment

and by Division
Division Investment Category
Construction Pond digging/ Constructi Purchasing Expenditure Expendit Purchase of Purchase Cost of Establish Others
or soil filling/ on or / preparing for tree ure for agriculture of vehicles land ment of
reconstructi construction or reconstruct of plantation poultry/ equipment or for ownership NGO
on of kutcha reconstruction ion of computer and nursing livestock/ other commercia transfer
, semi - of canals/ industry, software the plants fishery machineries/ l use
pucca or drains for business electronics
pucca irrigation entity, goods for
house/ shop etc. commercial
building/ use
flat/
boundary
wall/
personal
roads etc.
National 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Barisal 5.92 6.05 4.35 5.17 11.68 3.39 4.97 5.64 14.94 64.75 2.97
Chittagong 43.60 54.96 25.90 49.97 60.90 59.35 31.20 26.20 27.55 0.00 50.02
Dhaka 23.95 22.94 43.45 0.00 14.62 19.84 24.92 55.30 18.34 10.67 30.66
Khulna 9.87 3.86 10.63 3.48 2.14 6.01 11.59 3.92 12.39 0.00 2.13
Rajshahi 6.83 2.77 2.53 18.13 4.70 3.83 1.93 1.91 8.88 0.00 8.13
Rangpur 4.28 2.74 5.88 7.33 1.32 3.12 5.27 5.38 10.57 24.58 1.69
Sylhet 5.54 6.68 7.26 15.93 4.64 4.46 20.12 1.65 7.34 0.00 4.40
50
A 3.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Expenditures in Selected

Heads and by Division
Division Investment Category
Purchase of Dwelling Land Expenditure Purchase MLM Purchase of Repaymen Land Others
industry, house/ flat purchase on own/ joint of share/ gold/ t of loan mortgage
business purchase industry, bond diamond taken for
entities, business, shop Jewelry etc. going
shop etc. or alike abroad
valuables
National 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Barisal 3.30 1.11 10.42 1.90 1.03 0.00 4.87 4.93 1.38 7.92
Chittagong 74.54 59.40 23.32 44.30 3.26 0.00 63.76 33.67 20.10 48.40
Dhaka 5.71 28.04 26.33 15.40 95.71 0.00 17.88 30.82 15.27 32.29
Khulna 2.55 5.35 10.61 7.27 0.00 0.00 3.97 13.77 18.42 1.03
Rajshahi 4.95 3.26 12.13 8.06 0.00 39.00 4.40 8.46 18.71 8.22
Rangpur 3.20 2.11 9.51 12.67 0.00 61.00 1.33 5.36 25.79 0.58
Sylhet 5.76 0.73 7.67 10.40 0.00 0.00 3.80 2.98 0.33 1.56
A 3.6: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Category of Savings and

by Division
Division Category of Savings
Purchase Insurance Savings DPS/ Fixed deposit (one Co-operative NGO Friends & Savings at Others
of savings account SDPS month & above) society others home
bond
National 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Barisal 3.53 3.73 4.41 8.08 8.58 1.17 2.90 2.71 2.61 12.55
Chittago 22.12 50.55 49.81 53.05 64.04 83.06 42.94 51.27 44.45 29.29
ng
Dhaka 56.49 29.56 19.38 18.24 16.86 12.27 26.83 27.24 19.63 17.00
Khulna 6.56 5.87 7.59 7.26 0.88 0.05 8.39 9.83 17.10 2.08
Rajshahi 7.26 4.85 7.07 5.59 5.11 0.79 14.10 4.79 8.83 17.97
Rangpur 0.00 2.61 2.82 4.40 3.55 0.73 3.92 3.19 2.41 21.11
Sylhet 4.04 2.82 8.93 3.39 0.99 1.93 0.93 0.97 4.98 0.00
51
52
Appendix-4: Standard Error

Remittance Income
Linearized Relative Standard

Division Estimate 95% Confidence Interval
Standard Error Error (RSE)
Barisal 285880.60 14042.35 4.91 258312.30 313449.00

Chittagong 298024.20 17949.37 6.02 262785.50 333262.90
Dhaka 359856.40 40206.32 11.17 280922.20 438790.50
Khulna 233348.70 18277.54 7.83 197465.70 269231.70
Rajshahi 242894.10 10028.43 4.13 223206.00 262582.20
Rangpur 234472.70 13688.05 5.84 207600.00 261345.50
Sylhet 333033.20 23692.47 7.11 286519.50 379546.90
Bangladesh 302189.00 13800.23 4.57 275096.00 329282.00
Some Selected Variables

Linearized Standard Relative Standard
Variable Estimate 95% Confidence Interval
Error Error (RSE)
Remittance 289497.60 12757.86 4.41 264451.10 314544.20
Received (In
Cash)
Remittance 12691.36 1456.90 11.48 9831.13 15551.59
Received (In
Kind)
Total 302189.00 13800.23 4.57 275096.00 329282.00
Remittance
Received
Investment 76548.92 7619.35 9.95 61590.41 91507.43
Expenditure 73882.79 3992.63 5.40 66044.34 81721.24
Savings 25384.72 2643.52 10.41 20194.89 30574.56
53
54
Appendix-5: List of Countries Where Migrant Workers are Insignificant

Other Middle East Countries
Iran Turkey Cyprus
Other Arab League Countries

Algeria Egypt Somalia Syrian Arab Republic
Djibouti Morocco Sudan
Other Countries of Europe
Andorra Czech Republic Jersey Moldova Serbia
Austria Iceland Latvia Norway Sweden
Belgium Ireland Luxembourg Portugal Switzerland
British Indian Ocean Territory Isle of Man Malta Romania
Other Countries of Asia
Afghanistan China Indonesia Nepal Tajikistan
Azerbaijan Georgia Kazakhstan North Korea Thailand
Bhutan Hong Kong Kyrgyzstan Pakistan Turkmenistan
Cambodia India Myanmar Philippines
Other Countries of Africa
Benin Central African Republic Lesotho Nigeria South Sudan
Botswana Gabon Liberia Rwanda Tanzania
Burkina Ghana Madagascar Sao Tome and Principe Uganda
Burundi Guinea-Bissau Mali Senegal
Cape Verde Kenya Mauritania Seychelles
Other Countries of North America

Barbados Dominica Jamaica Puerto Rico Virgin Islands US
Belize Dominican Republic Martinique Saint Martin
Bonaire Haiti Mexico United States Minor Outlying Islands
Other Countries of South America
Argentina Peru Uruguay Brazil Aruba
Other Countries of Australia
American Samoa Kiribati Micronesia Samoa Tuvalu
Guam Marshall Islands New Zealand Tonga
55
56
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Adelman. Irma, and J Edward Taylor, 1990, Is structural adjustment with a human face
possible? The case of Mexico., Journal of Development Studies, V.26, pp.387-407.
2. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2014, Report on Survey on the Use of Remittance (SUR)
2013, Dhaka, June 2014.
3. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2013, National Strategy for the Development of Statistics,
Dhaka, October 2013.
4. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2013, Report on Economic Census 2013, Dhaka, December
2015.
5. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2011, Household Income Expenditure Survey 2010, Dhaka.
6. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2010, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2009, Volume -1,
Dhaka June 2010.
7. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2010, Census of Agriculture 2008, National Series, Volume-
1, Dhaka, November 2010.
8. International Organization for Migration, 2002, A Study on Remittance Inflows and Utilization,
Dhaka, November 2002.
9. International Organization for Migration, 2010, The Bangladesh Household Remittance Survey
2000, Dhaka.
10. Ratha Dilip, 2005, Worker Remittances: An Important and Stable Source of External
Development Finance., In Samuel M. Maimbo and Dilip Ratha (eds), Remittances:
Development Impact and Future Prospects, Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
11. Stahl, Charles W., and Fred Arnold. 1986, Overseas Workers Remittances in Asian
Development., International Migration Review 20(4): 899-925.
12. System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA 2008), UN Publication
13. World Bank data is used for all countries and years. Data access on April 24, 2016 on 11.00
A.M.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittance#Top_recipient_countries)
14. Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training (BMET) website. Data access on June 07,
2016 on 1.34 P.M. (http://www.bmet.org.bd/BMET/viewStatReport.action?reportnumber=20).
15. Foreign Exchange Policy Department, Bangladesh Bank. Data access on April 24, 2016 on
11.00 A.M. (https://www.bb.org.bd/econdata/wageremitance.php#)
16. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, National Accounts Statistics, (Provisional estimates of GDP,
2015-16 and Final estimates of GDP, 2014-15).
http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/GDP/GDP_2015-16p_final.pdf
57
58
ANNEX
59
60
Annex I: Key findings of Survey on the Use of Remittance 2013
Indicators % Distribution
RRHH Head by Sex
Male 51.88
Female 48.12
Total 100
General Household Head by Sex
Male 84.42
Female 15.58
Total 100
Educational Status of Head of RRHH
Illiterate 33.04
I IX 52.28
SSC 8.99
HSC 3.40
Degree/Hons. 1.47
Masters 0.58
MBBS/Eng. 0.24
Total 100
RRHH by Main Source of Income
Remittance 77.89
Agriculture 14.38
Industry 0.67
Service 7.06
Total 100
RRHH by Ownership of Size of Land
Landless 1.68
0.01 - 00.49 acre 49.73
0.50 - 00.99 acre 14.88
1.00 - 02.49 acres 22.42
2.50 - 07.49 acres 9.93
7.50 + 1.36
Total 100
Age Composition of Expatriates
< 25 19.44
25 - 29 25.84
30 - 34 18.01
35 - 39 14.95
40 - 44 9.68
45 - 49 6.39
50 - 54 3.33
55 - 59 1.40
60 + 0.96
Total 100
Educational Status of Expatriates
Illiterate 9.56
I IX 61.50
SSC 16.25
HSC 7.19
Degree/Hons 2.47
Masters 0.62
MBBS/Eng. 2.41
Total 100
Expatriates by Length of Living in Abroad (year)
Less than 1 6.90
10 years & above 22.33
Total 100
61
Expatriates by Occupation
Job 33.77
Business 5.95
Labour 57.28
Student 0.59
Student/ Part time job 0.19
House worker 0.93
Others 1.29
Total 100
Expatriates Received Training (at Home Country) before Going Abroad
No Training 87.82
Vocational 6.01
Language 1.79
Computer 0.38
Driving 1.59
Others 2.41
Total 100
Expatriates Currently at Home by Reasons
On leave 63.25
Sick 22.38
War 0.30
Study completed 0.27
No work permit 3.67
Visa expired 2.32
Permanently return 6.22
Others 1.59
Total 100
Remittance Receiver
Wife/ Hus./Offspring 38.81
Parents 44.63
Father/Mother in law 0.89
Brother /Sister 12.08
Others 3.59
Total 100
Expatriates by Mode of Sending Money
Western Union 6.87
MoneyGram 1.65
Post office 0.24
Bank 67.32
Hundi 10.04
Known person 4.23
Others 1.15
Total 100
Distribution of Income of RRHH by Sources
Remittance in Cash 75.46
Remittance in Kind 3.15
Non-Remittance Income 21.39
Total 100
Expenditure from Remittance by Category (Last One Year)
Food 38.84
Non-food 38.86
Durable & Others 22.30
Total 100
Savings Status of RRHH
Savers 56.96
Non-Savers 43.04
Total 100
62
Remittance Savings by Category (Last one year)
Purchase of savings bond 5.79
Insurance 4.89
Savings account 66.07
DPS/SDPS 7.13
Permanent deposit (one year & above) 5.02
Co-operative society 0.24
Savings at home 9.14
Others 0.65
Total 100
RRHH by Amount of Savings (In Tk.)Last One Year)
Less than 20000 46.06
20000 - 49999 21.34
50000 - 99999 16.01
100000 - 499999 15.87
500000 + 0.72
Total 100
Investment Status of RRHH
Invest 25.32
Do not Invest 74.68
Total 100
Remittance Investment by Category (Last one year)
Own business/industry 5.05
Joint business/industry 1.69
Purchase of agriculture equipment 0.20
Purchase of share 0.36
Purchase of bond (premium/investment/wage earners development bond) 0.10
MLM 0.11
Purchase of flat 15.89
Commercial building 1.26
Dwelling house construction 72.05
Others 3.29
Total 100
RRHH by Size of Investment from Remittance (Last One Year)
Less than 20000 18.16
2000049999 12.46
5000099999 19.28
100000499999 36.21
500000 + 13.89
Total 100
Expenditure as the percentage of Income from Remittance by Category
Food 32.81
Non-food Items 32.82
Durable & Others 18.84
Total 84.47
Investment and Savings as the Percentage of Income from Remittance
Investment 33.45
Savings 13.74
63
64
Annex II: Methodology of Survey on the Use of Remittance (SUR) 2013

The quality of information collected by any survey depends on methodology applied, which includes
preparation of schema, selection of sampling frame, use of sampling technique to draw the
representative samples, design of questionnaire, methods used to collect data, methods used for
consistency and accuracy check of data, and adjustment of the sampling error etc. As no sampling
frame was readily available for this survey, the entire survey was conducted very cautiously following
a scientific and logical framework.
3.1 Sample Design

Sampling is a statistical technique to select number and composition of respondents that would be
representative of total population. Ideally, the entire study population from which sample will be
drawn should be known before the sampling. But in case of this survey, number of entire study
population could not be properly identified due to lack of adequate information. Hence, at first, the
study population was identified following some specific principles keeping the objectives of the
survey in view, and then the sample population was selected following the procedure described below.
3.1.1 Universe and Study Population

The entire country was taken as the universe and only Remittance Receiving Households (RRHHs) of
the country as the study population of the survey.
3.1.2 Sampling Technique

Two-stage stratified random sampling technique was applied. Two lists were used as the sampling
frame for this survey. One was the list of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), the Enumeration Areas
(EAs) of Population and Housing Census 2011, generated under Integrated Multipurpose Samples
(IMPS) and the other was the list of 5 leading villages in each Upazila in terms of the adequacy of
Remittance Receiving Households (RRHH) which were identified making a quick count of RRHHs in
those villages. Seven Divisions were considered as seven separate stratums. At the first stage, the
required number of RRHH-leading villages was selected for each of the divisions separately following
Probability Proportional to Estimated Size (PPES), and the PSUs of IMPS applying Simple Random
Sampling (SRS) technique. In the second stage, minimum 20 RRHHs were selected using SRS
technique from each selected village and maximum 20 RRHHs from selected PSUs of IMPS were
chosen by SRS.
3.1.3 Sampling Frame

Sampling frame is the set of all objects of target population. If the sampling frame is a poor fit to the
population of interest, SRS cannot work properly. Hence, sampling technique has to be chosen and
applied carefully. It is important to note that for this survey, no sampling frame was readily available.
Therefore, considering the objectives of the survey, a sampling frame was created. As a result, the
survey was conducted following slightly exceptional methodology.
Both list frame (list of RRHH-dominant 5 Villages by Upazila) and area frame (1433 PSUs of IMPS)
were taken into consideration as the sampling frame. A total of RRHH-dominant 2320 villages 5
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from each Upazila was taken into account as the list frame, and 1433 PSUs of IMPS design were
considered as the area frame. The list of RRHH-dominant 5 villages was done by field officials of
BBS during 26 April to 10 May 2013 assuming that field officials are better informed about the
village status in terms of any issue as they are deeply involved in statistical activities at those villages.
During listing 588 staff members of BBS were engaged in collecting the information whether the
household was remittance receiver or not. Names of household heads and addresses were recorded in
the list.
3.1.4 Detailed Sample Design

Selection Procedure of 400 RRHH-dominant Villages
Out of RRHH-dominant 2320 villages, 400 were selected as the sample by PPES. Probability
Proportional to Estimated Size (PPES) is a sampling technique in which the probability of selecting a
sampling unit such as village is proportional to the size of its estimated population (RRHHs). It gives
a representative sample. It becomes very useful when the sampling units vary considerably in size
because it ensures equal probability for large and small units to be selected. A quick count was made
in all the RRHH-dominant 2320 villages to identify the number of RRHHs. As the aim was to provide
estimates at division level, the samples (400 RRHH-dominant villages) were reasonably allocated by
division proportionally. Table 2.1shows the sampling distribution by division.
Table 3.1: Distribution of Samples by Division for Dominant Villages

No. of RRHH-
Name of No. of Sample Interval for
Sl. No Dominant Villages No. of RRHH
Division Villages Sampling
in List
Col-4 Col-6
Col-1 Col-2 Col-3 Col-5
(Col-3*0.17) (Col 5/ Col 4)
1 Barisal 200 34 9877 291
2 Chittagong 429 74 94994 1284
3 Dhaka 579 100 58320 584
4 Khulna 295 51 15360 302
5 Rajshahi 335 58 16124 280
6 Rangpur 292 50 5765 116
7 Sylhet 190 33 16543 502
Total 2320 400 216983 -
Here, Sampling Fraction= n/N= 0.17
N=2320 & n=400
At first, the total number of RRHHs was derived by a quick head count by division. Then, the
Sampling Interval (SI) for each division was calculated by dividing the total number of RRHHs of
each division by the respective sample size (number of villages). The procedure is also portrayed in
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Col-6 of table 2.1. Then, a Random Number (RN) between 1 and the SI for each division was
generated by computer. After that, the following formula:
RS (Random Sample); RN + SI; RN + 2SI was independently applied to select the sample
villages under each division. RS means the first sample village corresponding to first RN; RN+SI
means the second sample village identified by adding the SI with RN; RN+2SI means the third sample
village selected by adding RN with SI multiplying by 2 and this formula had been continued
additively until the last sample village of the respective division was selected. This method was
separately applied for each division to select the sample villages of the respective division.
Selection Procedure of 400 PSUs of IMPS (Integrated Multi-purpose Sample)

At the beginning, the total PSUs of IMPS was arranged by division and then rearranged the PSUSs of
each division separately by rural and urban areas. After that, the list of PSUs was modified by
excluding the PSUs that were common in village list and PSU list. It is notable that the exclusion was
made by matching the name of Union of selected RRHH-dominant villages with the PUSs of IMPS
and this method was applied independently for each district. After excluding the matched Unions, the
total number of PSUs became 1433. Out of 1433 PSUs, 400 were selected as sample following SRS.
The 400 sample PSUs were allocated to division proportionally. The allocation of PSUs by rural and
urban areas for each division was made following proportional allocation to the size of household (as
per Population and Housing Census-2011) of the respective division. It is mention worthy that, in this
case, the sample allocation was done by rural and urban area in order to ensure representation of urban
areas as well as rural areas; but no estimate was provided by locality, rural & urban areas, as sample
design did not allow such disaggregation.
Table 3.2: Distribution of Samples by Division for PSUs

Sl. Name of No. of
No. of Sample PSUs
No. Division PSUs
Rural; Col-5
Urban; Col-6
Total; Col-4 ((Rural HH/Total
Col-1 Col-2 Col-3 ((Urban HH/Total HH)*
(Col 3*0.279135) HH)*Total Selected
Total selected PSU)
PSU)
1 Barisal 147 41 34 7
2 Chittagong 229 64 48 16
3 Dhaka 342 95 64 31
4 Khulna 183 51 42 9
5 Rajshahi 199 56 46 10
6 Rangpur 184 51 45 6
7 Sylhet 149 42 35 7
Total 1433 400 314 86
Here, Sampling Fraction= n/N=0.279
N=1433 & n=400
Finally, at least 20 RRHHs from each selected village; and for IMPS, maximum 20 RRHHs from each
sample PSU were selected randomly; in case of less than or equal to 20 RRHHs, all were considered.
67
3.1.5 Sample Size Determination

As the real size of population i.e. the total number of RRHH either at villages or at PSUs was
unknown, the exact sample size could not be determined. The size of primary sampling units was
estimated at 800 as the ultimate sampling units (RRHHs) to be drawn from this number is large
enough for providing division level estimates. The size of ultimate sampling unit i.e. the number of
RRHH was defined 20 from each primary sampling unit of both village and PSU of IMPS. Applying
the method, it was estimated that the maximum number of sample size would be 400X2X20=16000
RRHHs; the sample size could be at least 400X20=8000 RRHHs if the no RRHH was found in PSUs
of IMPS.
3.1.6 Selection Procedure of Ultimate Sampling Units (RRHHs)

For selecting the ultimate sampling units i.e. RRHH, SRS was applied for both cases, RRHH-
dominant villages and PSUs of IMPS. During the listing operation, a total of 257298 households were
enlisted. From the list, it was found that 42298 were RRHHs and 215635 non-RRHHs. In the study,
non-RRHHs were kept out of consideration. From the total number of 42298 RRHHs, it was estimated
that the maximum number of sample would be 16000. Finally, it was found that the total number of
sampled RRHHs was 9961. It is known theoretically that if the sample size is 3000, estimates at
division level can be provided. So, it can be remarked that the sample size of the survey was large
enough for providing reliable estimates at division level.
3.1.7 Weighting Procedure

Weight is the inverse of probability. As the samples were selected from two categories of population
following different sampling techniques, weighting was done applying two different methods. It was
found that out of 2320 RRHH-dominant villages, 400 villages and out of 1433 PSUs of IMPS, 316
PSUs were enumerated. Assuming i was the any village of the RRHH-dominant villages or PSUs of
IMPS, the probability of selecting the ith village or PSU was calculated for each division separately.
Then, the probability of selecting the jth RRHH from the selected ith village or PSU was calculated.
To derive the weight for ith village or PSU from each division, the following formulas were used:
Wi = (1/P (Yi))*(1/ P (Yij))*6 for village
Wi = (1/P (Yi))*(1/ P (Yij))*5 for IMPS PSUs
Where,
Wi = Weight for the ith village or PSU;
P (Yi) = Probability of selecting the ith village or PSU for a particular division;
P (Yij) = Probability of selecting jth household from ith village or PSU for a particular division.
3.2 Data Collection: its whole process

Data collection is the significant part of any survey because it affects survey result seriously.
Considering its importance, as a whole, the following measures were taken:
To develop the questionnaire, brain-storming activity was carried out by the members
of questionnaire development team;
Questionnaire was pre-tested;
68
Preparing a comprehensive manual of data collection with clearly defied concepts and
definitions;
Conducting rigorous training programme for the enumerators and supervisors;
Deploying sufficient number of enumerators in order to ensure smooth data collection;
Taking extra measure in data collection activity by engaging sufficient number of
supervisors.
3.2.1 Questionnaire Design:
Along with sampling, the questions asked to a respondent are equally important to collect the desired
information. The questionnaire was designed and finalized on the basis of experts opinion collected
through formal and informal consultation.
Process of Questionnaire Design

The in-house survey team first developed the draft questionnaire as a basis for in-house consultation
guided by the Program Director. This draft was revised to accommodate the recommendations and
views expressed in the in-house meeting. The revised draft was placed before the Working Committee
and further revised on the basis of their recommendations. A workshop on the revised version of the
questionnaire was arranged on 3 April 2013 to collect views of different stakeholders. A number of
distinguished participants including economists, social workers, media personnel, members of the
civil society, senior officials of the government and the non-government organizations took part in the
workshop and shared their views and made some recommendations. Most of these recommendations
were incorporated. Later, the questionnaire was pre-tested, and the observed problems were duly
addressed. Finally, the questionnaire was placed before the Technical Committee, the highest
technical body, for approval.
Pre-test of the Questionnaire

The questionnaire was pre-tested to examine its overall performance in terms of time required to
complete the interview, testing the reliability i.e. whether it capture the desired information, and to
assess the consistency, that is whether the collected information serve the purpose of the survey or not.
The pre-test was also used to assess the logistics required for successfully conducting the survey.
To ensure adequate time for any adjustment, if needed, the pre-test was conducted about a month
before the actual survey conducted in three districts, namely Rangpur, Munshiganj and Tangail
covering both urban and rural areas. Two Officers visited different areas of these districts and
collected data using the final draft questionnaire. They randomly selected the households from the list
of RRHHs as respondents.
Findings from the Pre-test

A lot was learnt from the pre-test about the suitability of the questionnaire pertaining to its matching
between its content and the objective of the survey. Based on the findings of the pre-test, the structure
and wording of the questionnaire were slightly modified. The semblance of the question, that is, the
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meaning and clarity which yields the intended information from the respondent, was taken care of.
Furthermore, the enumerators manual was also modified accordingly.
Finalization of the Questionnaire

After the revision made following the pre-test, the questionnaire was placed before the Technical
Committee. The committee provided some final observations, which were subsequently addressed.
Eventually, the questionnaire was approved by the Technical Committee.
3.2.2 Data collection

Data collection process involved the following steps as described below:
Training of the Supervising Officer and Enumerators

Training was imparted on different aspects of the survey in two phases. In the first phase, Program
Director together with some senior officials of BBS provided two days training to the master trainers
as well as supervising officers at the Head Office of BBS in Dhaka. The concepts, definitions the
technique of fulfilling the questionnaire etc. were thoroughly discussed in the first day of the training.
In the second day, the trainees visited the field in order to gather some practical experience on the
technique of filling up the questionnaires.
In the second phase, enumerators were trained on the same contents following the same sequence as
the first phase at the Regional Statistical Offices (RSOs). Most of the trainees- both supervising
Officer and enumerators- were extremely vibrant during the training.
Data Collection and Supervision

Data collection carried out immediately after the training during 13-23 June 2013. A total of 216
employees of BBS from field offices as well as headquarters were employed in data collection.
Besides, a total of 36 officers of BBS, most of which were Regional Statistical Officers, were
employed to supervise the data collection and to immediately take care of any untoward problem
arisen during data collection in the field. These supervising officers stayed at the field until the data
collection was completed. The Director General, Deputy Director General and Director of National
Accounting Wing closely monitored the data collection. Program Director coordinated all activities
and arranged all supports required for successful completion of data collection.
3.2.3 Data Editing and Coding

Data editing refers the activity of checking and cleaning data that have already been collected from the
field. After the completion of data collection, all questionnaires were brought to headquarter for
further processing. A group of experienced staffs of BBS under the supervision of two officers of the
survey team edited all data manually. An instruction manual with the editing and codingguidelines
was also prepared and editors were provided training on these guidelines. Although the coding was
done during data collection, but it was checked once again during data editing.
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3.2.4 Data Processing

Data processing involves a number of steps which are follows:
Data entry
Appending and merging files
Data validation (further checking, editing, and imputation)
Final decision on errors
Completion of data processing and generation of data files
Final documentations
Conversion of data files to another software.
Storage of all files
i. Data Entry
After completion of editing, a group of experienced BBS staffs carried out the task of data entry
following the steps mentioned below:
a) Designing Data Entry Application: Data entry template was developed by using CSPro
software. A strong data dictionary based on the questionnaire was created during the preparation of
template. The data dictionary contained unique ID and values of the items to be entered. To avoid
errors of inconsistencies, a logical check was also maintained throughout the data entry. The template
was reviewed for convenience and eventually finalized for use.
b) Data Capturing and Preliminary Validation: Data were captured in computer as soon as
the data editing was completed. A variety of common errors were identified during data capturing. As
a result, observing the error messages, data were cross checked with questionnaire. In addition to that,
following procedures were followed for data cleaning and primary validation:
Wrong data and out of range codes: As the code was given during the preparation of
questionnaire, naturally, it restricted the enumerator to a set of codes within the
acceptable range for most of the questions. Moreover, the values were set during the
preparation of data entry screen for avoiding wild codes for most of the questions.
Inconsistency checking: To avoid errors, omissions and inconsistencies, this
mechanism was also developed during the data entry program designing.
Treatment of Missing values: The data entry program was designed not to allow blanks
that ensure not having missing values in the data.
Incomplete records and dropped cases. The data entry program was designed to accept
the complete data case; otherwise, it would not be saved. This was set to avoid
incomplete records and dropped cases.
Duplication of entries. The data entry program was designed in view of rejecting
duplication of entries based on the identifiers.
71
ii. Appending and Merging Files

As data was captured by a number of BBS officials, a number of files were generated. After the
completion of data entry, these files were appended and merged to generate a single file.
iii. Data Validation
Validation was accomplished after appending and merging files by checking the number of variables,
the cases, wild codes, missing values and consistencies. It was also checked whether the number of
variables generated was matched with the number of variables in the data set.
iv. Final Decision on Errors

If an error was discovered during data validation, the related questionnaire was checked and in some
cases it was sent back to the survey team for review and decision. In some cases, members of the
survey team revisited the field to collect the actual response of the relevant respondent.
v. Completion of Data Processing and Generation of Data File
After resolving all issues regarding an observed error, a final data file was generated that contains all
information collected in this survey.
vi. Data Preservation
After completion of the entire process, data were stored in ASCII format. In order to have the print
out, the data were also been converted to Microsoft Excel Format. Both original and new formats were
preserved. Finally, a copy of the data set put forward to the survey authority for tabulation and
analysis. The questionnaires were also preserved in the safe storage of BBS under the guidance of
survey team for future reference.
vii. Software Used
Four software named CSPro, STATA, SPSS and Excel were used for processing the survey data.
CSPro was used for data entry and editing, STATA and SPSS for both tabulation and data analysis,
and Excel for converting the STATA or SPSS files to table format.
3.2.5 Tabulation
A tabulation plan was designed by the survey team, which was shared with the working committee for
their opinion. The working committee suggested some modifications which were subsequently
incorporated. A total of 94 tables focusing on the major issues relating to the social, demography and
economic aspects of the study population were generated. Drafting statistical tables along with data,
these were presented before some important stakeholders in order to know whether these tables
fulfilled their demand or they had more requirements. They provided some valuable suggestions those
were incorporated afterward. Eventually, these tables were finalized and furnished in the report as the
part of the analysis as well as statistical tables.
72
3.2.6 Data Analysis

Survey results were analyzed in tabular form using STATA and SPSS software. Major variables, in
terms of percentage, were explained vertically (columns) and cross tabulation by another related
variables horizontally. In the analysis, variations of the magnitude of major variables were described
by category and by division.
3.2.7 Data Dissemination
The final report was disseminated both in electronic form such as CD and hard copy as book. Results
are available in the website of BBS. Some data may also be published in other publications of BBS
such as Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, National Accounts Statistics and Monthly Statistical
Bulletin etc.
3.3 Scope and Coverage of the Survey

Geographically, the survey covered the entire area of the country except territorial enclaves. Both
urban and rural areas were also covered. To cover the rural areas, a village list of containing the
dominant villages across the country in terms of availability of remittance receiving households
(RRHH) was prepared and used. On the other hand, the PSUs of IMPS was purposively used to
cover especially urban areas as there had no alternative.
3.4 Limitations of the Survey

For successful completion of the survey, all methodological aspects were applied very carefully. Even
then, the survey has a few caveats as mentioned below:
The sampling frame of the survey was created as no frame of this kind was available
before the survey. Although the sampling frame was covered the entire country, but
only five villages from each Upazila were included into the sampling frame.
Sample size could not be determined properly as no survey of this type was conducted
before. However, sufficiently large number of sample recognizing the estimates at
division level was taken.
In the analytical part of the report, food expenditure perfectly corresponds to the food
consumptions, while non-food expenditure covers both non-food consumptions as well
as transfer payments. However, users will find expenditures for each item
independently in Detailed Statistical Tables (Table 15C), and they could be able to
regroup the items according to their requirements.
73
74
Annex III: Survey Questionnaire (Bangla Version)
75
76
Annex IV: Survey Questionnaire (English Version)
77
78
Annex V: Data Collection/ Enumeration Areas
List of Villages
Sl Division District Upazila Union
1 Barisal Barguna Bamna Bukabunia
2 Barisal Barguna Betagi Bibichini
3 Barisal Barisal Agailjhara Rajiher
4 Barisal Barisal Babuganj Kedarpur
5 Barisal Barisal Babuganj Kedarpur
6 Barisal Barisal Banari Para Chakhar
7 Barisal Barisal Gaurnadi Mahilara
8 Barisal Barisal Barisal Sadar (Kotwali) Kashipur
9 Barisal Barisal Mhendiganj Char Ekkaria
10 Barisal Barisal Mhendiganj Ulania
11 Barisal Barisal Muladi Muladi
12 Barisal Barisal Muladi Muladi
13 Barisal Barisal Muladi Nazirpur
14 Barisal Barisal Wazirpur Sholak
15 Barisal Bhola Bhola Sadar Illisha
16 Barisal Bhola Burhanuddin Tabgi
17 Barisal Bhola Lalmohan Lord Hardinje
18 Barisal Bhola Tazumuddin Chanchra
19 Barisal Bhola Tazumuddin Chandpur
20 Barisal Jhalokati Jhalokati Sadar Nabagram
21 Barisal Jhalokati Kanthalia Chenchri Rampur
22 Barisal Jhalokati Nalchity Subidpur
23 Barisal Jhalokati Rajapur Mathbari
24 Barisal Jhalokati Rajapur Mathbari
25 Barisal Patuakhali Dashmina Alipur
26 Barisal Patuakhali Galachipa Kalyankalas
27 Barisal Patuakhali Patuakhali Sadar Chhota Bighai
28 Barisal Pirojpur Bhandaria Telikhali
29 Barisal Pirojpur Bhandaria Telikhali
30 Barisal Pirojpur Kawkhali Kawkhali
31 Barisal Pirojpur Mathbaria Gulishakhali
32 Barisal Pirojpur Nazirpur Upazila Malikhali
33 Barisal Pirojpur Pirojpur Sadar Shankarpasha
34 Barisal Pirojpur Zianagar Pattashi
35 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Akhaura Ward No-01
36 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Akhaura Dharkhar
37 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Banchharampur Saifullakandi
38 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Banchharampur Darikandi (Purba Saifullakandi)
39 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Ashuganj Araisidha
40 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Ashuganj Paschim Talsahar
41 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Kasba Kaimpur
42 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Nabinagar Ibrahimpur
43 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Nasirnagar Nasirnagar
44 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Sarail Sarail
45 Chittagong Chandpur Faridganj Paschim Baluthupa
79

46 Chittagong Chandpur Faridganj Uttar Rupsa
47 Chittagong Chandpur Haim Char Uttar Algi Durgapur
48 Chittagong Chandpur Hajiganj Bakila
49 Chittagong Chandpur Matlab Dakshin Dakhsin Nayergaon
50 Chittagong Chandpur Shahrasti Dakshin Meher
51 Chittagong Chandpur Shahrasti Dakshin Meher
52 Chittagong Chandpur Shahrasti Tamta
53 Chittagong Chandpur Anowara Bairag
54 Chittagong Chittagong Banshkhali Kalipur
55 Chittagong Chittagong Chandanaish Ward No-01
56 Chittagong Chittagong Fatikchhari Dharmapur
57 Chittagong Chittagong Fatikchhari Dharmapur
58 Chittagong Chittagong Fatikchhari Dhurung
59 Chittagong Chittagong Fatikchhari Nanupur
60 Chittagong Chittagong Hathazari Burir Char
61 Chittagong Chittagong Hathazari Mirzapur
62 Chittagong Chittagong Lohagara Amirabad
63 Chittagong Chittagong Patiya Charlaksha
64 Chittagong Chittagong Patiya Kusumpura
65 Chittagong Chittagong Rangunia Mariamnagar
66 Chittagong Chittagong Raozan Gahira
67 Chittagong Chittagong Sandwip Bauria
68 Chittagong Chittagong Sandwip Magdhara
71 Chittagong Chittagong Sandwip Musapur
74 Chittagong Chittagong Sandwip Rahmatpur
75 Chittagong Chittagong Satkania Madarsa
76 Chittagong Chittagong Satkania Nalua
77 Chittagong Chittagong Satkania Sonakania
78 Chittagong Comilla Barura Uttar Shilmuri
79 Chittagong Comilla Brahman Para Chandla
80 Chittagong Comilla Chandina Gallai
81 Chittagong Comilla Chauddagram Gholpasha
82 Chittagong Comilla Comilla Sadar Dakshi Purba Jorekaran
83 Chittagong Comilla Homna Mathabanga
84 Chittagong Comilla Comilla Adarsha Sadar Dakshin Durgapur
85 Chittagong Comilla Comilla Adarsha Sadar Kalir Bazar (Dakshin)
86 Chittagong Comilla Laksam Gobindapur
87 Chittagong Comilla Manoharganj Baishgaon
88 Chittagong Comilla Meghna Luter Char
89 Chittagong Comilla Muradnagar Jatrapur
90 Chittagong Comilla Titas Balarampur
91 Chittagong Cox's bazar Maheshkhali Choto Maheshkhali
92 Chittagong Cox's bazar Ukhia Upazila Jalia Palong
93 Chittagong Feni Chhagalnaiya Subhapur
94 Chittagong Feni Daganbhuiyan Jailashkara
80

95 Chittagong Feni Parshuram Mirzanagar
96 Chittagong Lakshmipur Kamalnagar Char Falcon
97 Chittagong Lakshmipur Lakshmipur Sadar Hajir Para
98 Chittagong Lakshmipur Lakshmipur Sadar Mandari
99 Chittagong Lakshmipur Roypur Keroa
100 Chittagong Lakshmipur Roypur Royipur
101 Chittagong Lakshmipur Ramgati Char Badam
102 Chittagong Noakhali Chatkhil Badalkut
103 Chittagong Noakhali Chatkhil Parkote
104 Chittagong Noakhali Hatiya Char King
105 Chittagong Noakhali Senbagh Kesharpar
106 Chittagong Noakhali Senbagh Nabipur
107 Chittagong Noakhali Sonaimuri Jayag
108 Chittagong Noakhali Noakhali Sadar Char Matua
109 Dhaka Dhaka Dhamrai Amta
110 Dhaka Dhaka Dhamrai Nannar
111 Dhaka Dhaka Dohar Kushumhati
112 Dhaka Dhaka Dohar Sutar Para
113 Dhaka Dhaka Keraniganj Basta
114 Dhaka Dhaka Keraniganj Hazratpur
115 Dhaka Dhaka Nawabganj Agla
116 Dhaka Dhaka Nawabganj Churain
117 Dhaka Dhaka Savar Banagram
118 Dhaka Dhaka Savar Tetuljhora
119 Dhaka Faridpur Bhanga Azimnagar
120 Dhaka Faridpur Char Bhadrasan Char Bhadrasan
121 Dhaka Faridpur Faridpur Sadar Aliabad
122 Dhaka Faridpur Madhukhali Kamarkhali
123 Dhaka Faridpur Sadarpur Bhashanchar
124 Dhaka Faridpur Saldha Bhawal
125 Dhaka Gazipur Gazipur Sadar Baria
126 Dhaka Gazipur Kaliganj Jamalpur
127 Dhaka Gazipur Kaliganj Jangalia
128 Dhaka Gazipur Kapasia Kapasia
129 Dhaka Gazipur Kapasia Kapasia
130 Dhaka Gazipur Sreepur Rajabari
131 Dhaka Gopalganj Kashiani Maheshpur
132 Dhaka Gopalganj Tungipara Dumuria
133 Dhaka Jamalpur Bakshiganj Merur Char
134 Dhaka Jamalpur Melandaha Mahmudpur
135 Dhaka Kishoregonj Austagram Khayerpur Abdullahpur
136 Dhaka Kishoregonj Itna Raituti
137 Dhaka Kishoregonj Karimganj Kadir Jangal
138 Dhaka Kishoregonj Kishoreganj Sadar Maria
139 Dhaka Kishoregonj Pakundia Char Faradi
140 Dhaka Madaripur Rajoir Badar Pasha
141 Dhaka Madaripur Rajoir Isibpur
142 Dhaka Madaripur Shib Char Ward No-01
143 Dhaka Madaripur Shib Char Ditiyakhanda
81

144 Dhaka Manikganj Harirampur Chala
145 Dhaka Manikganj Manikganj Sadar Bhararia
146 Dhaka Manikganj Manikganj Sadar Hati Para
147 Dhaka Manikganj Manikganj Sadar Hati Para
148 Dhaka Manikganj Saturia Baliati
149 Dhaka Manikganj Saturia Baraid
150 Dhaka Manikganj Singair Chandhar
151 Dhaka Manikganj Singair Saista
152 Dhaka Munshiganj Gazaria Baluakandi
153 Dhaka Munshiganj Munshiganj Sadar Adhara
154 Dhaka Munshiganj Munshiganj Sadar Mollahkandi
155 Dhaka Munshiganj Munshiganj Sadar Mollahkandi
156 Dhaka Munshiganj Serajdikhan Balur Char
157 Dhaka Munshiganj Serajdikhan Basail
158 Dhaka Munshiganj Sreenagar Atpara
159 Dhaka Munshiganj Sreenagar Baghra
160 Dhaka Munshiganj Tongibari Abdullahpur
161 Dhaka Munshiganj Tongibari Dhipur
162 Dhaka Mymensingh Dhobaura Guatala
163 Dhaka Mymensingh Gaffargaon Datter Bazar
164 Dhaka Mymensingh Phulpur Sandhara
165 Dhaka Narayanganj Araihazar Kala Paharia
166 Dhaka Narayanganj Sonargaon Shambhupura
167 Dhaka Narayanganj Narayanganj Sadar Alir Tek
168 Dhaka Narayanganj Rupganj Rupganj
169 Dhaka Narsingdi Belabo Sarrabad
170 Dhaka Narsingdi Manohardi Kanchikata
171 Dhaka Narsingdi Narsingdi Sadar Karimpur
172 Dhaka Narsingdi Palash Danga
173 Dhaka Narsingdi Palash Jinardi
174 Dhaka Narsingdi Roypura Maheshpur
175 Dhaka Narsingdi Roypura Musapur
176 Dhaka Narsingdi Roypura Sreenagar
177 Dhaka Netrakona Durgapur Bakaljora
178 Dhaka Rajbari Goalanda Chhota Bhakla
179 Dhaka Rajbari Pangsha Jashai
180 Dhaka Rajbari Rajbari Sadar Alipur
181 Dhaka Rajbari Rajbari Sadar Basantapur
182 Dhaka Shariatpur Damudya Darul Aman
183 Dhaka Shariatpur Naria Ward No-03
184 Dhaka Shariatpur Naria Bhumkhara
185 Dhaka Shariatpur Naria Kedarpur
186 Dhaka Shariatpur Shariatpur Sadar Chandrapur
187 Dhaka Sherpur Sherpur Sadar Balair Char
188 Dhaka Tangail Delduar Delduar
189 Dhaka Tangail Delduar Dubail
190 Dhaka Tangail Gopalpur Dhopakandi
191 Dhaka Tangail Kalihati Balla
192 Dhaka Tangail Kalihati Bir Basunda
82

193 Dhaka Tangail Mirzapur Ajgana
194 Dhaka Tangail Mirzapur Banshtail
195 Dhaka Tangail Mirzapur Fatehpur
196 Dhaka Tangail Mirzapur Tarafpur
197 Dhaka Tangail Nagarpur Duptiair
198 Dhaka Tangail Nagarpur Mamudnagar
199 Dhaka Tangail Nagarpur Mamudnagar
200 Dhaka Tangail Nagarpur Salimabad
201 Dhaka Tangail Sakhipur Baheratail
202 Dhaka Tangail Sakhipur Dariapur
203 Dhaka Tangail Sakhipur Hatibandha
206 Dhaka Tangail Sakhipur Jadabpur
207 Dhaka Tangail Sakhipur Jadabpur
208 Dhaka Tangail Tangail Sadar Magra
209 Khulna Bagerhat Chitalmari Kalatala
210 Khulna Bagerhat Mollahat Chunkhola
211 Khulna Bagerhat Mollahat Udaypur
212 Khulna Bagerhat Mongla Chila
213 Khulna Bagerhat Rampal Rampal
214 Khulna Chuadanga Alamdanga Nagdaha
215 Khulna Chuadanga Chuadanga Sadar Titudaha
216 Khulna Chuadanga Damurhuda Howli
217 Khulna Chuadanga Damurhuda Natipota
218 Khulna Jessore Abhaynagar Subha Para
219 Khulna Jessore Bagher Para Narikelbaria
220 Khulna Jessore Chaugachha Swarupdaha
221 Khulna Jessore Chaugachha Sukpukhuria
222 Khulna Jessore Jhikargachha Bankra Union
223 Khulna Jessore Jhikargachha Shimulia
224 Khulna Jessore Kotwali Haibatpur
225 Khulna Jessore Kotwali Narendrapur
226 Khulna Jessore Kotwali Ramnagar
227 Khulna Jessore Manirampur Hariharnagar
228 Khulna Jhenaidah Harinakunda Bhayna
229 Khulna Jhenaidah Jhenaidah Sadar Kumrabaria
230 Khulna Jhenaidah Kaliganj Roygram
231 Khulna Jhenaidah Kotchandpur Kushna
232 Khulna Jhenaidah Maheshpur Swaruppur
233 Khulna Khulna Batiaghata Bhanderkote
234 Khulna Khulna Koyra Koyra
235 Khulna Khulna Rupsa Aijganti
236 Khulna Kushtia Bheramara Chandgram
237 Khulna Kushtia Bheramara Juniadaha
238 Khulna Kushtia Bheramara Juniadaha
239 Khulna Kushtia Kumarkhali Chandpur
240 Khulna Kushtia Kushtia Sadar Ailchara
241 Khulna Kushtia Kushtia Sadar Paitkabari
83

242 Khulna Kushtia Kushtia Sadar Paitkabari
243 Khulna Kushtia Mirpur Ambaria
244 Khulna Kushtia Mirpur Kursha
245 Khulna Magura Magura Sadar Satrujitpur
246 Khulna Magura Mohammadpur Balidia
247 Khulna Magura Shalikha Arpara
248 Khulna Magura Shalikha Shatakhali
249 Khulna Magura Sreepur Nakol
250 Khulna Meherpur Gangni Shaharbati
251 Khulna Meherpur Meherpur Sadar Amjhupi
252 Khulna Narail Kalia Chanchari
253 Khulna Narail Kalia Mauli
254 Khulna Narail Kalia Peruli Union
255 Khulna Satkhira Assasuni Budhhata
256 Khulna Satkhira Debhata Noapara
257 Khulna Satkhira Kalaroa Jogikhali
258 Khulna Satkhira Kaliganj Nalta
259 Khulna Satkhira Shyamnagar Shyamnagar
260 Rajshahi Bogra Adamdighi Shantahar
261 Rajshahi Bogra Dhunat Nimgachhi
265 Rajshahi Bogra Dhupchanchia Gobindapur
266 Rajshahi Bogra Gabtali Balia Dighi
267 Rajshahi Bogra Gabtali Balia Dighi
268 Rajshahi Bogra Gabtali Rameshwarpur
274 Rajshahi Bogra Kahaloo Kahaloo
275 Rajshahi Bogra Sariakandi Fulbari Union
276 Rajshahi Bogra Shajahanpur Madla
277 Rajshahi Bogra Sherpur Mirzapur
278 Rajshahi Bogra Sonatola Digdair
279 Rajshahi Joypurhat Akkelpur Gopinathpur
280 Rajshahi Joypurhat Akkelpur Raikali
281 Rajshahi Joypurhat Joypurhat Sadar Bambu
282 Rajshahi Joypurhat Khetlal Mamudpur
283 Rajshahi Naogaon Atrai Bisha
284 Rajshahi Naogaon Manda Bishnupur
285 Rajshahi Naogaon Naogaon Sadar Tilakpur
286 Rajshahi Naogaon Raninagar Gona
287 Rajshahi Natore Baraigram Majgaon
288 Rajshahi Natore Baraigram Nagar
289 Rajshahi Natore Gurudaspur Chapila
290 Rajshahi Natore Lalpur Duaria
84

291 Rajshahi Natore Natore Sadar Dighapatia
292 Rajshahi Natore Natore Sadar Khajuria
295 Rajshahi Natore Natore Sadar Piprul
296 Rajshahi Chapai nababganj Gomastapur Alinagar
297 Rajshahi Chapai nababganj Chapai Nababganj Sadar Barogharia
298 Rajshahi Chapai nababganj Shibganj Manakosa
299 Rajshahi Pabna Atgharia Chandba
300 Rajshahi Pabna Bera Kytola
301 Rajshahi Pabna Faridpur Demra
302 Rajshahi Pabna Ishwardi Sara
303 Rajshahi Pabna Pabna Sadar Ataikola
304 Rajshahi Pabna Pabna Sadar Dogachhi
305 Rajshahi Pabna Pabna Sadar Gayeshpur
306 Rajshahi Pabna Santhia Ataikola
307 Rajshahi Pabna Sujanagar Manikhat
308 Rajshahi Pabna Sujanagar Manikhat
309 Rajshahi Rajshahi Boalia Ward No-16
310 Rajshahi Rajshahi Durgapur Maria
311 Rajshahi Rajshahi Godagari Matikata
312 Rajshahi Rajshahi Tanore Chanduria
313 Rajshahi Sirajganj Chauhali Bagutia
314 Rajshahi Sirajganj Kazipur Kazipur
315 Rajshahi Sirajganj Royganj Nalka
316 Rajshahi Sirajganj Sirajganj Sadar Bahuli
317 Rajshahi Sirajganj Ullah Para Purnimaganti
318 Rangpur Dinajpur Birampur Pali Prayagpur
319 Rangpur Dinajpur Birganj Mohammadpur
320 Rangpur Dinajpur Biral Dhamair
321 Rangpur Dinajpur Chirirbandar Abdulpur
322 Rangpur Dinajpur Chirirbandar Abdulpur
323 Rangpur Dinajpur Chirirbandar Aulia Pukur
324 Rangpur Dinajpur Fulbari Daulatpur
325 Rangpur Dinajpur Kaharole Rasulpur
326 Rangpur Dinajpur Khansama Bhabki
327 Rangpur Dinajpur Nawabganj Joypur
328 Rangpur Gaibandha Fulchhari Gazaria
329 Rangpur Gaibandha Fulchhari Gazaria
330 Rangpur Gaibandha Fulchhari Udakhali
333 Rangpur Gaibandha Gaibandha Sadar Badiakhali
334 Rangpur Gaibandha Gaibandha Sadar Badiakhali
335 Rangpur Gaibandha Gaibandha Sadar Ramchandrapur
336 Rangpur Gaibandha Gobindaganj Gumaniganj
339 Rangpur Gaibandha Shaghata Bharat Khali
85

340 Rangpur Gaibandha Sundarganj Sarbananda
344 Rangpur Kurigram Bhurungamari Pathardubi
345 Rangpur Kurigram Chilmari Thanahat
346 Rangpur Kurigram Phulbari Phulbari
347 Rangpur Kurigram Raumari Jadur Char
348 Rangpur Kurigram Raumari Saulmari
349 Rangpur Lalmonirhat Aditmari Durgapur
350 Rangpur Nilphamari Dimla Purba Chhatnai
351 Rangpur Nilphamari Domar Panga Matukpur
352 Rangpur Nilphamari Kishoreganj Garagram
353 Rangpur Nilphamari Saidpur Kushiram Belpukur
354 Rangpur Panchagarh Debiganj Debiganj
355 Rangpur Rangpur Badarganj Kalu Para
356 Rangpur Rangpur Kaunia Kaunia Bala Para
357 Rangpur Rangpur Rangpur Sadar Haridebpur
358 Rangpur Rangpur Mitha Pukur Emadpur
362 Rangpur Rangpur Mitha Pukur Latifpur
363 Rangpur Rangpur Pirgachha Pirgachha
364 Rangpur Rangpur Pirganj Kabilpur
365 Rangpur Thakurgaon Haripur Bakua
366 Rangpur Thakurgaon Pirganj Kusha Raniganj
367 Rangpur Thakurgaon Ranisankail Bachor
368 Sylhet Habiganj Ajmiriganj Shibpasha
369 Sylhet Habiganj Bahubal Bhadeshwar
370 Sylhet Habiganj Madhabpur Andiurauk
371 Sylhet Habiganj Madhabpur Noapara
372 Sylhet Habiganj Nabiganj Kargaon
373 Sylhet Maulvibazar Barlekha Barni
374 Sylhet Maulvibazar Barlekha Sujanagar
375 Sylhet Maulvibazar Juri Goalbari
376 Sylhet Maulvibazar Kamalganj Shamshernagar
377 Sylhet Maulvibazar Kulaura Bhukshimail
378 Sylhet Maulvibazar Kulaura Brahman Bazar
379 Sylhet Maulvibazar Maulvibazar Sadar Ekatuna
380 Sylhet Maulvibazar Rajnagar Kamar Chak
381 Sylhet Maulvibazar Sreemangal Ashidron
382 Sylhet Sunamganj Chhatak Dular Bazar
383 Sylhet Sunamganj Dakshin Sunamganj Purba Birgoan
384 Sylhet Sunamganj Derai Kulanj
385 Sylhet Sunamganj Dharampasha Paikurati
386 Sylhet Sunamganj Jagannathpur Patali
387 Sylhet Sunamganj Jamalganj Vimkhali
388 Sylhet Sunamganj Sunamganj Sadar Katair
86

389 Sylhet Sylhet Balaganj Omarpur
390 Sylhet Sylhet Beani Bazar Ward No-04
391 Sylhet Sylhet Bishwanath Bishwanath
392 Sylhet Sylhet Bishwanath Dasghar
393 Sylhet Sylhet Bishwanath Lama Kazi
394 Sylhet Sylhet Companiganj Ishakalas
395 Sylhet Sylhet Golapganj Budbari Bazar
396 Sylhet Sylhet Gowainghat Alirgaon
397 Sylhet Sylhet Jaintiapur Darbasta
398 Sylhet Sylhet Kanaighat Dakshin Banigram
399 Sylhet Sylhet Sylhet Sadar Khadim Para
400 Sylhet Sylhet Zakiganj Bara Thakuri
List of PSUs of IMPS

Sl Division District Upazila Union PSU No.
1 Barisal Barguna Barguna Sadar Phuljhury 0127
2 Barisal Barguna Betagi Hosnabad 0883
3 Barisal Barguna Patharghata Nachna Para 1136
4 Barisal Barisal Babuganj Rahmatpur 0758
5 Barisal Barisal Bakerganj Garuria 0632
6 Barisal Barisal Banari Para Baisari 0254
7 Barisal Barisal Banari Para Saidkati 1010
8 Barisal Barisal Gaurnadi Khanjapur 1263
9 Barisal Barisal Hizla Harinathpur 0381
10 Barisal Barisal Barisal Sadar (Kotwali) Ward No-02 1011
14 Barisal Barisal Barisal Sadar (Kotwali) Char Baria 0133
15 Barisal Barisal Mhendiganj Chandpur 1141
16 Barisal Barisal Mhendiganj Jangalia 0637
17 Barisal Barisal Muladi Safipur 0763
18 Barisal Barisal Wazirpur Guthia 1393
19 Barisal Barisal Wazirpur Satla 0513
20 Barisal Bhola Bhola Sadar Dakshin Dighaldi 1268
21 Barisal Bhola Daulat Khan Char Khalifa 0009
22 Barisal Bhola Lalmohan Char Bhuta 0890
23 Barisal Bhola Lalmohan Farazganj 1270
24 Barisal Bhola Lalmohan Paschim Char Umed 0515
25 Barisal Bhola Tazumuddin Shambhupur 0891
26 Barisal Jhalokati Jhalokati Sadar Gabha Ramchandrapur 1395
27 Barisal Jhalokati Nalchity Bharabpasha 0136
28 Barisal Jhalokati Nalchity Mollahat 0766
29 Barisal Jhalokati Rajapur Rajapur 1271
30 Barisal Patuakhali Bauphal Baga 0388
31 Barisal Patuakhali Bauphal Kalaiya 0010
32 Barisal Patuakhali Galachipa Amkhola 0517
33 Barisal Patuakhali Kalapara Ward No-07 1272
87

34 Barisal Patuakhali Mirzaganj Amragachhia 0262
35 Barisal Patuakhali Patuakhali Sadar Lohalia 1274
36 Barisal Pirojpur Bhandaria Bhandaria 0139
37 Barisal Pirojpur Bhandaria Ikri 0012
38 Barisal Pirojpur Mathbaria Betmore Rajpara 1021
39 Barisal Pirojpur Nazirpur Upazila Purba Deulbaridobra 0643
40 Barisal Pirojpur Nazirpur Upazila Sekhmatia 0140
41 Barisal Pirojpur Nesarabad (Swarupkat) Ward No-03 1022
42 Chittagong Bandarban Lama Aziznagar 1398
43 Chittagong Bandarban Naikhongchhari Ghandung 0644
44 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Brahmanbaria Sadar Ward No-06 0265
45 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Brahmanbaria Sadar Uttar Natai 1149
46 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Ashuganj Sharifpur 0772
47 Chittagong Brahmanbaria Nabinagar Purba Nabinagar 1024
48 Chittagong Chandpur Hajiganj Dakshin Kalocho 0267
49 Chittagong Chandpur Kachua Uttar Kachua 1401
50 Chittagong Chandpur Kachua Sachar 1026
51 Chittagong Chandpur Matlab Dakshin Narayanpur 0524
52 Chittagong Chittagong Anowara Barakhain 0393
53 Chittagong Chittagong Banshkhali Khankhanabad 1151
54 Chittagong Chittagong Chittagong Port Ward No-37 0270
55 Chittagong Chittagong Chittagong Port Ward No-38 0396
56 Chittagong Chittagong Fatikchhari Suabil 1029
57 Chittagong Chittagong Halishahar Ward No-26 0271
58 Chittagong Chittagong Halishahar Ward No-26 1030
59 Chittagong Chittagong Mirsharai Hinguli 0902
60 Chittagong Chittagong Pahartali Ward No-11 (Part) 0273
61 Chittagong Chittagong Pahartali Ward No-12 (Part) 1407
62 Chittagong Chittagong Panchlaish Ward No-08(Part) 0652
63 Chittagong Chittagong Patiya Janglukhain 1408
64 Chittagong Chittagong Patiya Kolagaon 1032
65 Chittagong Chittagong Rangunia Ward No-07 1156
66 Chittagong Chittagong Raozan Kadalpur 0779
67 Chittagong Chittagong Satkania Charati 1285
68 Chittagong Chittagong Sitakunda Saidpur 0023
69 Chittagong Comilla Barura Ward No-09 0151
70 Chittagong Comilla Burichang Rajapur 0275
71 Chittagong Comilla Comilla Sadar Dakshi Ward No-09 0401
72 Chittagong Comilla Debidwar Ward No-05 1287
73 Chittagong Comilla Debidwar Elahabad 1159
74 Chittagong Comilla Homna Bhasania 0276
75 Chittagong Comilla Laksam Laksam 0782
76 Chittagong Comilla Muradnagar Akubpur 0655
77 Chittagong Comilla Muradnagar Dakshin Ramchandrapur 1412
78 Chittagong Comilla Muradnagar Sreekail 0025
79 Chittagong Comilla Nangalkot Bakshaganj 0656
80 Chittagong Comilla Nangalkot Jodda 0533
81 Chittagong Comilla Titas Karikandi 1161
82 Chittagong Cox's bazar Chakaria Badarkhali 0278
88

83 Chittagong Cox's bazar Cox's Bazar Sadar Ward No-09 0908
84 Chittagong Cox's bazar Maheshkhali Saflapur 0154
85 Chittagong Cox's bazar Ukhia Upazila Raja Palong 0027
86 Chittagong Feni Chhagalnaiya Gopal 1414
87 Chittagong Feni Feni Sadar Dhalia 0658
88 Chittagong Feni Parshuram Chithalia 1162
89 Chittagong Feni Sonagazi Char Chandia 0784
90 Chittagong Feni Sonagazi Nawabpur 0405
91 Chittagong Khagrachhari Ramgarh Ramgarh 0911
92 Chittagong Lakshmipur Lakshmipur Sadar Basikpur 0913
93 Chittagong Lakshmipur Lakshmipur Sadar Charsai 0659
94 Chittagong Lakshmipur Lakshmipur Sadar Laharkandi 1164
95 Chittagong Noakhali Begumganj Amanullapur 0538
96 Chittagong Noakhali Begumganj Mir Warishpur 0030
97 Chittagong Noakhali Hatiya Chandnandi 0159
98 Chittagong Noakhali Hatiya Harni 0661
99 Chittagong Noakhali Kabirhat Ghoshbagh 0788
100 Chittagong Noakhali Subarnachar Char Clerk 1040
101 Chittagong Noakhali Subarnachar Char Jubille 0408
102 Chittagong Noakhali Noakhali Sadar Ward No-06 1417
103 Chittagong Rangamati Kawkhali (Betbunia) Ghagra 0161
104 Chittagong Rangamati Rajasthali Ghila Chhari Unio 0410
105 Chittagong Rangamati Rangamati Sadar Sapchhari Union 0283
106 Dhaka Dhaka Chak Bazar Ward No-64 0664
107 Dhaka Dhaka Gendaria Ward No-82 0917
108 Dhaka Dhaka Jatrabari Ward No-86 0411
109 Dhaka Dhaka Kadamtali Ward No-88 0544
110 Dhaka Dhaka Kadamtali Ward No-95 0791
111 Dhaka Dhaka Khilgaon Ward No-25 1045
112 Dhaka Dhaka Keraniganj Kalindi 0165
113 Dhaka Dhaka Lalbagh Ward No-61 0166
117 Dhaka Dhaka Mirpur Ward No-11 0669
118 Dhaka Dhaka Mirpur Ward No-13 1299
119 Dhaka Dhaka Pallabi Ward No-03 (Part) 0671
120 Dhaka Dhaka Ramna Ward No-54 1173
121 Dhaka Dhaka Sabujbagh Manda 1048
122 Dhaka Dhaka Savar Ward No-03 0168
123 Dhaka Dhaka Savar Ward No-05 0547
124 Dhaka Dhaka Savar Shimulia 0796
125 Dhaka Dhaka Sher-E-Bangla-Nagar Ward No-40 0549
126 Dhaka Dhaka Sutrapur Ward No-75 0923
127 Dhaka Dhaka Tejgaon Ward No-39 (Part) 0039
128 Dhaka Dhaka Turag Harirampur 0040
129 Dhaka Dhaka Uttara Ward No-01 (Part) 0417
130 Dhaka Faridpur Madhukhali Bagat 0551
131 Dhaka Faridpur Sadarpur Dheukhali 0171
89

132 Dhaka Gazipur Gazipur Sadar Kashimpur 1052
133 Dhaka Gazipur Gazipur Sadar Konabari 0042
134 Dhaka Gazipur Gazipur Sadar Konabari 1430
135 Dhaka Gazipur Gazipur Sadar Pubail 0926
136 Dhaka Gazipur Kaliakair Dhaljora 1306
137 Dhaka Gazipur Kaliganj Nagari 0553
138 Dhaka Gazipur Kapasia Toke 0296
139 Dhaka Gazipur Sreepur Ward No-06 1053
140 Dhaka Gazipur Sreepur Ward No-08 0043
141 Dhaka Gopalganj Kashiani Mamudpur 0420
142 Dhaka Gopalganj Kotalipara Suagram 1307
143 Dhaka Gopalganj Muksudpur Gobindapur 0174
144 Dhaka Jamalpur Dewanganj Bahadurabad 1179
145 Dhaka Jamalpur Islampur Char Putimari 0297
146 Dhaka Jamalpur Islampur Islampur 0423
147 Dhaka Jamalpur Jamalpur Sadar Ward No-06 0928
148 Dhaka Jamalpur Jamalpur Sadar Titpalla 0675
149 Dhaka Kishoregonj Bajitpur Sarar Char 0676
150 Dhaka Kishoregonj Karimganj Gundhar 0556
151 Dhaka Kishoregonj Katiadi Achmita 0804
152 Dhaka Kishoregonj Katiadi Kargaon 1434
153 Dhaka Kishoregonj Katiadi Shahasram Dhuldia 0176
154 Dhaka Kishoregonj Kishoreganj Sadar Ward No-07 0677
155 Dhaka Kishoregonj Kishoreganj Sadar Mahinanda 0678
156 Dhaka Kishoregonj Kuliar Char Chhaysuti 1057
157 Dhaka Madaripur Kalkini Nabagram 0425
158 Dhaka Manikganj Harirampur Lesraganj 0932
159 Dhaka Manikganj Saturia Tilli 0679
160 Dhaka Manikganj Singair Dhalla 1437
161 Dhaka Munshiganj Lohajang Kumarbhog 1060
162 Dhaka Munshiganj Munshiganj Sadar Char Kewar 1312
163 Dhaka Munshiganj Munshiganj Sadar Panchasar 0680
164 Dhaka Munshiganj Serajdikhan Ichhapur 0302
165 Dhaka Mymensingh Bhaluka Bharadoba 0050
166 Dhaka Mymensingh Bhaluka Habirbari 0559
167 Dhaka Mymensingh Fulbaria Fulbaria 0682
168 Dhaka Mymensingh Gaffargaon Tengaba 0560
169 Dhaka Mymensingh Gauripur Bokainagar 1313
170 Dhaka Mymensingh Mymensingh Sadar Ward No-08 0683
171 Dhaka Mymensingh Mymensingh Sadar Sirta Union 1440
172 Dhaka Mymensingh Muktagachha Mankon Union 0306
173 Dhaka Mymensingh Nandail Kharua 1314
174 Dhaka Mymensingh Phulpur Baola 0052
175 Dhaka Mymensingh Trishal Bailar 0810
176 Dhaka Narayanganj Araihazar Khagakanda 0685
177 Dhaka Narayanganj Sonargaon Baidyer Bazar 1315
178 Dhaka Narayanganj Bandar Ward No-04 0561
179 Dhaka Narayanganj Rupganj Ward No-09 0937
180 Dhaka Narsingdi Manohardi Char Mandalia 0811
90

181 Dhaka Narsingdi Roypura Banshgari 0431
182 Dhaka Narsingdi Roypura Uttar Bakharnagar 1067
183 Dhaka Netrakona Atpara Sarmaisa 0432
184 Dhaka Netrakona Barhatta Barhatta 1318
185 Dhaka Netrakona Barhatta Sahata 0813
186 Dhaka Netrakona Kalmakanda Kalmakanda 1191
187 Dhaka Netrakona Purbadhala Hogla 1320
188 Dhaka Rajbari Baliakandi Baharpur 0689
189 Dhaka Rajbari Rajbari Sadar Mulghar 0940
190 Dhaka Shariatpur Gosairhat Gariber Char 0187
191 Dhaka Sherpur Jhenaigati Kangsha 0815
192 Dhaka Sherpur Nakla Char Ashtadhar 1193
193 Dhaka Sherpur Nalitabari Kalaspur 0435
194 Dhaka Sherpur Nalitabari Rajnagar 0058
195 Dhaka Sherpur Sherpur Sadar Betmari Ghughurakandi 0941
196 Dhaka Sherpur Sreebardi Kakilakura 0188
197 Dhaka Tangail Bhuapur Arjuna 1323
198 Dhaka Tangail Dhanbari Ward No-06 0059
199 Dhaka Tangail Ghatail Ghatail 0690
200 Dhaka Tangail Tangail Sadar Mahmudnagar 1448
201 Khulna Bagerhat Fakirhat Piljanga 0440
202 Khulna Bagerhat Kachua Maghia 1325
203 Khulna Bagerhat Morrelganj Jiudhara 0693
204 Khulna Bagerhat Rampal Gaurambha 1197
205 Khulna Bagerhat Sarankhola Khontakata 0062
206 Khulna Bagerhat Sarankhola Sharankhola Range 0571
207 Khulna Chuadanga Chuadanga Sadar Begampur 0316
208 Khulna Chuadanga Damurhuda Juranpur 0694
209 Khulna Jessore Abhaynagar Ward No-08 1451
210 Khulna Jessore Bagher Para Dohakula 1199
211 Khulna Jessore Chaugachha Patibila 1076
212 Khulna Jessore Jhikargachha Nibaskhola 1452
213 Khulna Jessore Keshabpur Trimohini 0948
214 Khulna Jessore Kotwali Kachua 0195
215 Khulna Jessore Manirampur Kheda Para 0444
216 Khulna Jhenaidah Jhenaidah Sadar Ward No-09 1078
217 Khulna Jhenaidah Jhenaidah Sadar Madhuhati 1454
218 Khulna Jhenaidah Jhenaidah Sadar Padmakar 0196
219 Khulna Jhenaidah Maheshpur Azampur 0320
220 Khulna Khulna Batiaghata Baliadanga 0067
221 Khulna Khulna Dumuria Atlia Union 0577
222 Khulna Khulna Dighalia Gazir Hat 0198
223 Khulna Khulna Khalishpur Ward No-10 0951
224 Khulna Khulna Khan Jahan Ali Atra Gilatala 0952
225 Khulna Khulna Khan Jahan Ali Jugipole 0700
226 Khulna Khulna Khulna Sadar Ward No-28 0070
227 Khulna Khulna Sonadanga Ward No-17 0956
228 Khulna Khulna Sonadanga Ward No-25 1206
229 Khulna Khulna Terokhada Sagladah 1207
91

230 Khulna Kushtia Bheramara Dharampur 0072
231 Khulna Kushtia Daulatpur Hogalbaria 0450
232 Khulna Kushtia Kushtia Sadar Ward No-10 0451
233 Khulna Kushtia Mirpur Ambaria 0452
234 Khulna Magura Magura Sadar Hazrapur 0704
235 Khulna Magura Magura Sadar Raghab Dair 0204
236 Khulna Magura Mohammadpur Binodepur 0958
237 Khulna Magura Sreepur Sreepur 0328
238 Khulna Meherpur Gangni Matmura 0832
239 Khulna Meherpur Mujib Nagar Dariapur 1337
240 Khulna Meherpur Meherpur Sadar Ward No-02 1338
241 Khulna Meherpur Meherpur Sadar Pirojpur 0075
242 Khulna Narail Kalia Bauisena 0959
243 Khulna Narail Narail Sadar Maij Para 1087
244 Khulna Satkhira Assasuni Kadakati 1463
245 Khulna Satkhira Assasuni Sobhnali 0706
246 Khulna Satkhira Debhata Parulia 0329
247 Khulna Satkhira Kaliganj Mathureshpur 0586
248 Khulna Satkhira Kaliganj Mathureshpur 1211
249 Khulna Satkhira Satkhira Sadar Alipur 0207
250 Khulna Satkhira Satkhira Sadar Shibpur 1212
251 Khulna Satkhira Shyamnagar Kaikhali 0077
252 Rajshahi Bogra Bogra Sadar Ward No-19 0587
253 Rajshahi Bogra Gabtali Ward No-02 1466
254 Rajshahi Bogra Nandigram Burail 0333
255 Rajshahi Bogra Sariakandi Bohail 0710
256 Rajshahi Bogra Shajahanpur Kharna 0457
257 Rajshahi Bogra Sherpur Khanpur 1216
258 Rajshahi Bogra Sherpur Shimabari 0837
259 Rajshahi Bogra Shibganj Buriganj 0208
260 Rajshahi Bogra Shibganj Roynagar 0711
261 Rajshahi Bogra Sonatola Ward No-02 0209
262 Rajshahi Bogra Sonatola Balua 1342
263 Rajshahi Joypurhat Joypurhat Sadar Ward No-07 0458
264 Rajshahi Joypurhat Joypurhat Sadar Amdai 0334
265 Rajshahi Joypurhat Joypurhat Sadar Dogachhi 1468
266 Rajshahi Naogaon Badalgachhi Mathurapur 0590
267 Rajshahi Naogaon Badalgachhi Mathurapur 0838
268 Rajshahi Naogaon Dhamoirhat Aranagar 0210
269 Rajshahi Naogaon Naogaon Sadar Baktiarpur 0966
270 Rajshahi Naogaon Naogaon Sadar Barshail 0712
271 Rajshahi Naogaon Patnitala Akbarpur 0840
272 Rajshahi Naogaon Raninagar Mirat 1094
273 Rajshahi Natore Lalpur Ward No-05 1095
274 Rajshahi Natore Lalpur Changdhupail 0084
275 Rajshahi Natore Natore Sadar Madhnagar 0212
276 Rajshahi Natore Singra Chhatar Dighi 1096
277 Rajshahi Natore Singra Hatiandaha 1346
278 Rajshahi Chapai nababganj Bholahat Jambaria 0213
92

279 Rajshahi Chapai nababganj Gomastapur Gomastapur 0968
280 Rajshahi Chapai nababganj Shibganj Shahbajpur 0338
281 Rajshahi Pabna Bhangura Khan Marich 0463
282 Rajshahi Pabna Chatmohar Parshadanga 0970
283 Rajshahi Pabna Pabna Sadar Bharara 0087
284 Rajshahi Pabna Pabna Sadar Hemayetpur 1222
285 Rajshahi Pabna Santhia Gaurigram 0340
286 Rajshahi Pabna Santhia Khatu Para 1098
287 Rajshahi Pabna Sujanagar Bhayna (Sujanagar) 0216
288 Rajshahi Rajshahi Bagha Manigram 0972
289 Rajshahi Rajshahi Baghmara Hamir Kutsha 0466
290 Rajshahi Rajshahi Boalia Ward No-13 0218
291 Rajshahi Rajshahi Charghat Yusufpur 0847
292 Rajshahi Rajshahi Durgapur Deluabari 1226
293 Rajshahi Rajshahi Matihar Ward No-28 0091
294 Rajshahi Rajshahi Mohanpur Jahanabad 1352
295 Rajshahi Rajshahi Paba Hujuri Para 0598
296 Rajshahi Rajshahi Puthia Silmaria 0976
297 Rajshahi Rajshahi Rajpara Ward No-03 0848
298 Rajshahi Rajshahi Shahmogdhum Ward No-12 0725
299 Rajshahi Rajshahi Shahmogdhum Ward No-17 0346
300 Rajshahi Sirajganj Kamarkhanda Bhadraghat 0222
301 Rajshahi Sirajganj Royganj Dhangara 0347
302 Rajshahi Sirajganj Shahjadpur Kaijuri 1356
303 Rajshahi Sirajganj Shahjadpur Porjana 0095
304 Rajshahi Sirajganj Sirajganj Sadar Saidabad 0851
305 Rajshahi Sirajganj Tarash Naogaon 0224
306 Rajshahi Sirajganj Ullah Para Bangala 0601
307 Rajshahi Sirajganj Ullah Para Durganagar 1230
308 Rangpur Dinajpur Birganj Palashbari 0475
309 Rangpur Dinajpur Biral Biral 1231
310 Rangpur Dinajpur Bochaganj Atgaon 0225
311 Rangpur Dinajpur Bochaganj Rangaon 0476
312 Rangpur Dinajpur Fulbari Shibnagar 0349
313 Rangpur Dinajpur Ghoraghat Singra 0604
314 Rangpur Dinajpur Kaharole Sundarpur 1107
315 Rangpur Dinajpur Dinajpur Sadar Askarpur 0098
316 Rangpur Dinajpur Nawabganj Binodnagar 0855
317 Rangpur Dinajpur Nawabganj Kushdaha 0350
318 Rangpur Dinajpur Parbatipur Hamidpur 0728
319 Rangpur Dinajpur Parbatipur Mostafapur 0980
320 Rangpur Gaibandha Gaibandha Sadar Mollar Char 0730
321 Rangpur Gaibandha Gobindaganj Darbasta 1485
322 Rangpur Gaibandha Gobindaganj Mahimaganj 1109
323 Rangpur Gaibandha Palashbari Hossainpur 0227
324 Rangpur Gaibandha Sadullapur Naldanga 0981
325 Rangpur Gaibandha Shaghata Kachua 0228
326 Rangpur Gaibandha Shaghata Muktanagar 0607
327 Rangpur Kurigram Char Rajibpur Char Rajibpur 1236
93

328 Rangpur Kurigram Kurigram Sadar Ghogadaha 0858
329 Rangpur Kurigram Kurigram Sadar Kanthalbari 1486
330 Rangpur Kurigram Nageshwari Berubari 0608
331 Rangpur Kurigram Rajarhat Bidyananda 1111
332 Rangpur Kurigram Ulipur Buraburi 0229
333 Rangpur Lalmonirhat Aditmari Sarpukur 0609
334 Rangpur Lalmonirhat Kaliganj Dalagram 1488
335 Rangpur Lalmonirhat Kaliganj Madati 0104
336 Rangpur Lalmonirhat Patgram Ward No-03 1364
337 Rangpur Lalmonirhat Patgram Jongra 1239
338 Rangpur Nilphamari Dimla Khalisa Chapani 0231
339 Rangpur Nilphamari Domar Gomnati Union 0986
340 Rangpur Nilphamari Jaldhaka Ward No-04 1113
341 Rangpur Nilphamari Jaldhaka Golna 1365
342 Rangpur Nilphamari Kishoreganj Bahagili 0735
343 Rangpur Nilphamari Nilphamari Sadar Chaora Bargachha 1490
344 Rangpur Nilphamari Nilphamari Sadar Kunda Pukur 0105
345 Rangpur Panchagarh Atwari Taria 1240
346 Rangpur Panchagarh Boda Panchpir 0232
347 Rangpur Rangpur Badarganj Madhupur 0485
348 Rangpur Rangpur Gangachara Lakshmitari 1491
349 Rangpur Rangpur Kaunia Tepa Madhupur 0736
350 Rangpur Rangpur Rangpur Sadar Ward No-04 0111
351 Rangpur Rangpur Rangpur Sadar Ward No-05 0235
352 Rangpur Rangpur Rangpur Sadar Uttam 0238
353 Rangpur Rangpur Mitha Pukur Milanpur 1372
354 Rangpur Rangpur Pirgachha Chhaola 0362
355 Rangpur Rangpur Pirgachha Kalyani 0617
356 Rangpur Rangpur Pirganj Chatra 1495
357 Rangpur Rangpur Taraganj Sayar 1247
358 Rangpur Thakurgaon Thakurgaon Sadar Debipur 1122
359 Sylhet Habiganj Bahubal Satkapan 0491
360 Sylhet Habiganj Baniachong Dakshin Paschim Baniyachang 1248
361 Sylhet Habiganj Baniachong Khagaura 0995
362 Sylhet Habiganj Chunarughat Chunarughat 0114
363 Sylhet Habiganj Chunarughat Sankhola 1375
364 Sylhet Habiganj Habiganj Sadar Ward No-06 0744
365 Sylhet Habiganj Habiganj Sadar Nurpur 1123
366 Sylhet Habiganj Habiganj Sadar Richi 0620
367 Sylhet Habiganj Habiganj Sadar Tegharia 0366
368 Sylhet Habiganj Lakhai Murakari 0621
369 Sylhet Habiganj Nabiganj Dighalbak 0115
370 Sylhet Habiganj Nabiganj Paschim Bara Bhakhair 1250
371 Sylhet Maulvibazar Barlekha Barlekha 0997
372 Sylhet Maulvibazar Kamalganj Madhabpur 1125
373 Sylhet Maulvibazar Kulaura Bhukshimail 0367
374 Sylhet Maulvibazar Kulaura Joychandi 0745
375 Sylhet Maulvibazar Maulvibazar Sadar Akhailkura 1500
376 Sylhet Maulvibazar Maulvibazar Sadar Amtail 0873
94

377 Sylhet Maulvibazar Maulvibazar Sadar Kanakpur 0117
378 Sylhet Maulvibazar Sreemangal Sindurkhan 0748
379 Sylhet Sunamganj Bishwambarpur Fatehpur 1378
380 Sylhet Sunamganj Chhatak Dakshin Khurma 0370
381 Sylhet Sunamganj Chhatak Sing Chapair 0495
382 Sylhet Sunamganj Derai Rajanagar 0496
383 Sylhet Sunamganj Dharampasha Dharmapasha 0119
384 Sylhet Sunamganj Dowarabazar Mannargaon 1127
385 Sylhet Sunamganj Dowarabazar Narsing Pur 0497
386 Sylhet Sunamganj Jagannathpur Kalkalia 0245
387 Sylhet Sunamganj Sulla Sulla 0624
388 Sylhet Sunamganj Sunamganj Sadar Jahangirnagar 0372
389 Sylhet Sunamganj Tahirpur Dakshin Badal 1503
390 Sylhet Sylhet Balaganj Sadipur 0120
391 Sylhet Sylhet Beani Bazar Ward No-01 1504
392 Sylhet Sylhet Beani Bazar Dobhag 1505
393 Sylhet Sylhet Companiganj Islampur Purba 1128
394 Sylhet Sylhet Jaintiapur Chiknagul 1004
395 Sylhet Sylhet Kanaighat Rajaganj 1257
396 Sylhet Sylhet Sylhet Sadar Ward No-06 1382
400 Sylhet Sylhet Sylhet Sadar Khadimnagar 1133
95
96
Annex VI: Committees involved in Preparation of the Report

A. Steering Committee (Not according to seniority)
1. Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division (SID), Ministry of Planning Chairman
2. Member, General Economic Division (GED), Planning Commission Member
3. Member, Industry & Power Division, Planning Commission Member
4. Representative, Ministry of Public Administration Member
(Not below the rank of Joint Secretary)
5. Representative , Ministry of Home Affairs (Not below the rank of Joint Secretary) Member
6. Representative, Finance Division (Not below the rank of Joint Secretary) Member
7. Director General, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Division (IMED), Ministry of Planning Member
8. Representative, Ministry of Industry (Not below the rank of Joint Secretary) Member
9. Representative, Ministry of Agriculture (Not below the rank of Joint Secretary) Member
10. Representative, Local Government Division (Not below the rank of Joint Secretary) Member
11. Representative, Ministry of Information (Not below the rank of Joint Secretary) Member
12. Representative, Ministry of Energy (Not below the rank of Joint Secretary) Member
13. Representative, Bangladesh Bank (Not below the rank of General Manager ) Member
14. Representative, Board of Investment (Not below the rank of Director) Member
15. Chairman, Bangladesh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) Member
16. Representative, National Board of Revenue (NBR) Member
17. President, Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI) Member
18. Joint Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning Member
19. Director General, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) Member
20. Director General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Member
21. Deputy Director General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Member
22. Project Director, Economic Census 2013 Project, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Member
23. Deputy Secretary (Development), Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning Member
Secretary
97
B. Technical Committee (Not according to seniority )

1. Director General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Chairman
2. Deputy Director General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Member
3. Joint Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) Member
4. Deputy Secretary (Development), Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) Member
5. Director, Census Wing, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Member
6. Director, Industry and Labour Wing, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Member
7. Joint Chief, Jute and Textile, Planning Commission Member
8. Representative, General Economic Division (GED), Planning Commission Member
9. Representative, Ministry of Industry Member
10. Director, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Division (IMED), Planning Ministry Member
11. Representative, Ministry of Labour and Manpower Member
12. Representative, Ministry of Social Welfare Member
13. Representative, Programming Division, Planning Commission Member
14. Representative, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) Member
15. Prof. Barkaat-e-Khuda, Department of Economics, University of Dhaka Member
16. Prof. Kazi Saleh Ahmed, Ex-Vice Chancellor, Jahangirnagar University Member
17. Chairman, Department of Statistics, Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Dhaka Member
18. Representative, Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI) Member
19. Deputy Project Director, Economic Census-2013 Project, BBS Member
20. Project Director, Economic Census-2013 Project, BBS Member
Secretary
98
C. Editors & PDs Forum (Not according to seniority)

1. Mr. Md. Baitul Amin Bhuiyan Deputy Director General, BBS
2. Ms. Salima Sultana Director (Joint Secretary), Agriculture Wing, BBS
3. Mr. Md. Moniruzzaman Director (Deputy Secretary), FA&MIS, BBS
4. Mr. Satya Ranjan Mondal Deputy Project Director (Deputy Secretary), National Household
Database (NHD) Project, BBS
5. Mr. Md. Zahidul Hoque Sardar Director (Deputy Secretary), Census Wing, BBS
6. Mr. Ghose Subobrata Director, Industry and Labour Wing, BBS
7. Mr. Abul Kalam Azad Director, National Accounting Wing, BBS
8. Ms. Quayyum ara Begum Director (Deputy Secretary), Statistical Staff Training Institute (SSTI), BBS
9. Mr. Md. Mashud Alam Director, Demography and Health Wing, BBS
10. Mr. Md. Nazrul Islam Director (AddI. Charge), Computer Wing, BBS
11. Mr. Kabir Uddin Ahmed Project Director, Labour Market Information System (LMIS) Project, BBS
12. Mr. Bidhan Baral Project Director, Agriculture Market Information System (AMIS) Project, BBS
13. Dr. Dipankar Roy Project Director, Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) Project, BBS
14. Mr. Md. Dilder Hossain Project Director, Economic Census 2013 Project, BBS
15. Mr. A K M Ashraful Haque Project Director, Monitoring the Situation of Vital Statistics of Bangladesh
(MSVSB) Project, BBS
16. Mr. Jatan Kumar Saha Project Director, Optical Data Archive and Networking (ODAN) Project, BBS
17. Mr. Md. Alamgir Hossen Project Director, Census of the Undocumented Myanmar Nationals Staying in
Bangladesh (CUMNSIB) Project, BBS
18. Mr. Mohiuddin Ahmed Project Director, Digitization of BBS Publications Project, BBS
D. Report Review Committee (Not according to seniority)

1. Mr. M. A. Mannan Howlader Additional Secretary (Development), Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)
2. Ms. Salima Sultana Director (Joint Secretary), Agriculture Wing, BBS
3. Mr. Md. Solaiman Mondol Deputy Secretary (Development), Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)
4. Ms. Quayyum Ara Begum Director (Deputy Secretary), Statistical Staff Training Institute (SSTI), BBS
5. Mr. Md. Tarikul Alam Deputy Secretary (Budget, Financial Management and Co-ordination),
Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)
6. Mr. Md. Mir Hossain Deputy Secretary (Development), Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)
7. Mr. A. J. M Salahuddin Nagari Senior Assistant Secretary (Admn), Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)
8. Mr. Md. Maniruzzaman Khan Senior Assistant Secretary (Budget), Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)
9. Ms. Sufia Akhter Rumi Senior Assistant Secretary (Development), Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)
10. Mr. Tawhid Ilahi Senior Assistant Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division (SID)
99
100
Annex VII: Personnel involved in preparation of the Report
Report Writing Team

1. Mr. Md. Shamsul Alam Ex-Director (CC)
2. Mr. Md. Dilder Hossain Project Director
3. Mr. Md. Rafiqul Islam Deputy Project Director
4. Ms. Reshma Jesmin Statistical Officer
5. Mr. Pratik Bhattacharjee Statistical Officer
6. Mr. Md. Rafiqul Islam Computer Operator
Consultants of Economic Census 2013

1. Mr. Abdur Rashid Sikder National Consultant
2. Mr. Shazadur Rahman Data Processing Consultant
Report Reviewer
1. Mr. Durga Pada Bhattacharjee Deputy Secretary (Retd.)
2. Mr. Mahmudul Hoque Deputy Secretary (Rtd.)
Special Contributor
1. Mr. Md. Rezaul Karim Assistant Statistical Officer
101
102
Annex VIII: Project Team

1. Mr. Md. Dilder Hossain Project Director, BBS
2. Mr. Md. Rafiqul Islam Deputy Project Director, BBS
3. Mr. Mohiuddin Ahmed Deputy Project Director, BBS
4. Ms. Reshma Jesmin Statistical Officer, BBS
5. Mr. Pratik Bhattacharjee Statistical Officer, BBS
6. Ms. Aklima Khatun Statistical Officer, BBS
7. Ms. Mahnuma Rahman Statistical Officer, BBS
8. Mr. Md. Harun-or-Rashid Statistical Investigator, BBS
9. Mr. Md. Mazharul Islam Howlader Statistical Investigator, BBS
10. Mr. Mozammel Hoque Sikder Junior Statistical Assistant, BBS
11. Mr. M.A Matin Sarkar Junior Statistical Assistant, BBS
12. Mr. Md. Irfan Ali Junior Statistical Assistant, BBS
13. Mr. Md. Salauddin Ahmed Draftsman, BBS
14. Mr. Abu Reza Saifuddin Ahmad Data Entry Operator, BBS
15. Mr. Md. Rafiqul Islam Computer Operator, BBS
16. Ms. Sumi Akter Computer Operator, EC 2013 Project, BBS
17. Ms. Anwara Khatun Accountant, EC 2013 Project, BBS
18. Mr. Biplob Hossen Driver, EC 2013 Project, BBS
19. Mr. Md. Kamrul Hasan Raju Driver, EC 2013 Project, BBS
20. Mr. Md. Abu Taleb Photocopy Operator, BBS
21. Mr. Md. Salahuddin Office Sohayak, BBS
22. Mr. Md. Nur Hossain Office Sohayak, BBS
23. Mr. Zahor Lal Das Office Sohayak, BBS
24. Ms. Lovely Akhter Office Sohayak, EC 2013 Project, BBS
25. Mr. Atiqur Rahman Office Sohayak, EC 2013 Project, BBS
103

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Report

BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS (BBS)

Published in June 2016

Cover Page Design:

Published by: Reproduction, Documentation & Publication (RDP) Section

For further information on the report, please contact:

Dhaka AHM Mustafa Kamal, FCA, MP

Dhaka K M Mozammel Hoq

Dhaka Mohammad Abdul Wazed

Dhaka Md. Dilder Hossain

Objectives of the Survey

1.2 Remittance from the Global Perspective

Table 1.2: Modes of Service Exports under GATS

1.3 Remittance in Bangladesh

-10 Fiscal Year

1.4 Background of the Survey

1.5 Objectives of the Survey

Chapter II: Survey Methodology

Chapter III: Remittance Income

Table 3.3: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver by Division, 2016

Figure 3.4: Percentage Distribution of Principal Remittance Receiver by Sex, 2016

Western Union/ MoneyGram

Mobile Banking/ Bkash

Chapter IV: Investment and Expenditure

Table 4.1: Distribution of Remittance Receiving Households According to Their Investment

Table 4.3: Investment by Category as Percentage of Total Remittance by Division, 2016

Investment Category Division

National Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet

Figure 4.4: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Investment by Category, 2016

Table 4.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Size of Investment

Figure 4.5: Percentage Distribution of RRHHs by Size of Investment, 2016

Less than 20000 (Tk.)

Heads (in Taka)

National 73879.46 56962.77

Table 4.8: Percentage Distribution of Expenditure in Selected Heads from Remittance by

4.43% 4.10% 1.75% 2.65%

Expenditure on own/joint industry,

Purchase of gold/ diamond jwellery etc.

Less than 20000 (Tk.)

20000 - 49999 (Tk.)

50000 - 99999 (Tk.)

100000 - 499999 (Tk.)

Figure 4.10: Loan Repayment as Percentage of Total Remittance, 2016

Figure 5.3: Saving as percentage of Total Remittance, 2016

National Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet

Figure 5.5: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Savings by Category, 2016

10.00% 0.16% 5.31%

Fixed deposit (one month & above)

Friends & others

Table 5.6: Percentage Distribution of Remittance Receiving Household by Range of Remittance

Figure 5.6: Remittance Receiving Household by Range of Remittance Savings, 2016

Chapter VI: Investment, Savings and Expenditure

Investment Expenditures in selected heads Savings

National Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet

Expenditure for Land Expenditure for Expenditure for Loan Investment on

Appendix-1: Characteristics of Remittance Receiving Households

A 1.2: Percentage Distribution of Head of Remittance Receiving Household and General

A 1.4: Distribution of Head of RRHH as Principal Remittance Receiver by Division, 2016

Appendix-2: Characteristics of Expatriates

A 2.2: Gender Composition of Expatriates by Age Group, 2016

A 2.3 a: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Level of Education and by Division, 2016

A 2.5: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Occupation and by Living Country, 2016

Appendix-3: Detailed Statistical Tables

A 3.2: Percentage Distribution of Expatriates by Mode of Going Abroad and by Sex