Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Any three
1
Fuzzy Logic is a mathematical system that analyzes analog input values in terms of logical variables
that take on continuous values between 0 and 1, in contrast to classical or digital logic, which
operates on discrete values of either 1 or 0 (true or false respectively).
9. Define Luminance.68
It shows the intensity of light. (i.e. In B&W picture)
2
17. Define IF Subsystem.95
The IF subsystem consists of SAW filter for bandshaping, AGC controlled, IF Amplifiers, AGC, AFT (or
AFC), Intercarrier Sound, IF Detector, Video Detector and Video Buffer amplifier. The Video Detector uses
a diode as a rectifier and filter to remove the unwanted high frequency carrier signals.
3
26. What is Satellite TV Receiver? Also LNB stand for. 106
The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic antenna usually referred to as a satellite dish and a low-
noise block down-converter. A satellite receiver decodes the desired television program/channel for viewing
on a television set. Satellite television provides a wide range of channels and services.
4
Functionally, the plumbicon is very similar to the standard vidicon. Focus and deflection are both
accomplished magnetically. The main difference between the plumbicon and the standard vidicon is the
target.
39. Working of video monitors and dose it contain RF, IF and Demodulator. 138
The video monitors reproduced the picture from composite video signal. Hence monitors doesnt not
contain RF, IF and Demodulation. It provide the batter reproduction, resolution, bandwidth, linearity and
less geometric distortion. It may or may not have audio reproduction circuit. They are used in CCTV.
Advantages of an LCDs:
LCDs consumes less amount of power compared to CRT and LED
LCDs are consist of some microwatts for display in comparison to some mill watts for LEDs
LCDs are of low cost
Provides excellent contrast
LCDs are thinner and lighter when compared to cathode ray tube and LED
Disadvantages of an LCDs:
Require additional light sources
Range of temperature is limited for operation
Low reliability
Speed is very low
LCDs need an AC drive
Applications of Liquid Crystal Display
Liquid crystal technology has major applications in the field of science and engineering as well on electronic
devices.
Interlaced scan: Traditional TV systems (such as NTSC, the standard TV system in the United
States) use an interlaced scan, where half the picture appears on the screen at a time. The other
half of the picture follows an instant later (1/60th of a second, to be precise). The interlaced system
relies on the fact that your eyes cant detect this procedure in action at least not explicitly.
7
Progressive scan: In a progressive-scan system, the entire picture is painted at once, which
greatly reduces the flickering that people notice when watching TV. Progressive scan is available
8
57. What is meant by Proposed HDTV Standards.148
Three main systems are proposed as the HDTV standard systems. Those are 1050 lines (USA), 1250 lines
(Europe) and 1125 line (NHK Japan).
The 1125-line system is proposed as an international standard for program exchange.
9
66. Use of Remote Control
Most of the electronic appliances such as TV, VCR, music systems, games, toys etc are operated with the
help of remote control.
10
Can Play DVD movies.
Can Play audio CDs.
Can Surf the Web.
73. Working of Video Game Console.
The operation code of the game load in RAM. The CPU acts accordingly and drives the audio & video
control unit. These units provide outputs, which can be connected to TV. You can play the game with the
help of paddles (or keys) available on the console.
11
79. Block diagram of Digital Diaries.
12
84. Block Diagram of fuzzy controller of washing machine.165
13
89. Enlist the feature of camcorder.170
Listed below are the features/specifications camcorders.
14
93. Enlist cellular phone feature.174
Listed below are the features and specifications of Philips made savvy cell phone.
15
100. Enlist the types of scanning techniques used in fax machine.177
There are two types of scanning techniques used in fax machine.
i) Cylindrical scanning ii) CCD Scanning
101. Difference between Analog and digital transmission.180
Analog:
Fig. 6.11.6 shows the analog transmission of data.
In this, image on the page is converted to a series of audible tones. These tones are then transmitted from
one fax machine to another on phone lines. The two main disadvantages of analog transmission are.
1. It is subjected to noise.
2. The sequencing of tones reduces the transmission speed.
Digital:
Fig. 6.11.7 shows the digital transmission of data. Digital transmission also uses audible tones, but these
tones are fewer in number, and represent digital information
16
103. Describe the wireless phones.184
The cordless telephones have handset and the base unit. Both the handset as well as base unit consists of
transmitters and receivers in them. The handset and base unit can communicate each other with the
certain range without any wire connection.
17
110. Enlist the types of Calculator.187
There are four types of digital calculators.
i) General Purposed ii) Scientific iii) Programmable iv) Commercial calculators
Part II
1. Draw the block diagram of fax machine, also explain its each block.
18
When paper as graphical information is inserted into fax machine, it is scanned rowbyrow. The Charge
Coupled Device (CCD) converts this information into proportional analog signals which is fed to A/D
converter circuit to produce a digital signal which is compressed before modulating a carrier for
transmission.
The Charge Coupled Device (CCD) is a special integrated circuit consisting of a flat, two-dimensional array
of small light detectors referred to as pixels as shown in Figure 8. Each pixel acts like a bucket for
electrons. A CCD chip acquires data as light or electrical charge. During an exposure, each pixel fills up
with electrons in proportion to the amount of light that enters it. The CCD takes this optical or electronic
input and converts it into an electronic signal. The electronic signal is then processed to either produce an
image or provide information.
When the fax signal reaches receiver block through telephone line, it is demodulated using demodulator
within the modem. The data is fed to digital data expansion block to recover the original data from the
compressed form. The signals are fed to a printer together with the control signals such as Line Feed (LF).
Fig. 6.8.1 shows the block diagram of washing machine. It uses the micro controller or microcomputer as
the central controller. The controller has LCD or LED display and keyboard for program entry. The machine
can be operated in manual or auto modes. The machine has two washing tubs. The inner tube is
perforated. This tub contains the clothes to be washed. The outer tub is water scaled. The outer tub has
hot/cold water inlets, water outlets, soap inputs etc. The wash tubs are attached to the motor and gear box
assembly.
Please refer Fig. 6.8.1 on next page.
The controller senses volume of clothes, type of dirt and degree of dirt. Depending upon this data, the
controller decides various timings of the wash cycle. The controller controls the mixture of hot/cold water,
detergent/soap etc. After you fill the inner tub with clothes, the machine fills the tub with water. The
controller then adds the detergent to the water. The controller then agitates the inner tube. After the
completion of agitation time, the washer drains the water. The solenoid valve of water outlet is opened. The
controller spins the inner tube so that water comes out of the holes and goes to the outlet. & the controller
then refills the wash tub, agitates again for some time and spins the inner tube to rinse out the soap. This
washing cycle continues till the time estimated by the controller.
19
3. Draw the block diagram of Remote Control & Explain its Operation.
Operating Principle:
Most of the electronic appliances such as TV, VCR, music systems, games, toys etc are operated with the
help of remote control. The remote control is based on electronic principles. The remote control has a
transmitter, which transmits infra-red waves towards the receiver. This receiver det&'ts the infra-red waves
and produces specific electronic signals. The infra-red signal detectors and receivers are fitted on the front
panel of the appliance, which is being controlled by the remote control. The remote control has several
keys. The pattern of the transmitted signal depends upon the key pressed. The receiver decodes this
pattern and decides which key on the remote control is pressed. The appliance then acts accordingly.
4. Draw the block diagram of Microwave Oven & Explain its Operation.
Operating Principle:
The microwave oven is an electronically controlled home appliance used for cooking. It uses the principle of
dielectric heating at microwave frequencies. The frequency of microwaves is 2450 MHz. The microwaves
are generated in the cooking cavity. These waves are reflected from the walls of the cavity and strike the
food. Because Of these high frequency waves the heat is induced inside the food. The temperature
increases much faster than the conventional cooking. The heat is conducted inside the food and it is
cooked in short time.
20
5. Draw the block diagram of Video Game & Enlist its Features.
Feature of VCR:
Listed below are the features/specifications of SHARP VC-S101U VCR
21