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TABLE OF CONTENT
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
ATOMIC STRUCTURE...........................................................................................................1
CHEMICAL BONDING...........................................................................................................2
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM....................................................................................................3
ACID BASE............................................................................................................................4
IONIC EQULIBRIUM..............................................................................................................5
CHEMICAL KINETICS...........................................................................................................6
OXIDATION-REDUCTION..................................................................................................... 7
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS..................................................................................................... 8
MOLE CONCEPT................................................................................................................... 9
CHEMICAL ENERGETICS.................................................................................................... 9 - 10
ELECTRO CHEMISTRY........................................................................................................ 11
SOLUTION AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES...................................................................11 - 12
s
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY........................................................................................................ 12
s
GASEOUS STATE................................................................................................................. 13
la
SOLID AND LIQUID STATE.................................................................................................. 14
SURFACE CHEMISTRY & COLLOIDAL STATE.................................................................. 15
C
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
PERIODIC TABLE................................................................................................................. 16
EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY............................................................................................... 17
s- BLOCK ELEMENTS..........................................................................................................17
BORON FAMILY.....................................................................................................................18
CARBON FAMILY...................................................................................................................18
OXYGEN FAMILY...................................................................................................................19
HALOGEN FAMILY.................................................................................................................20 - 21
TRANSITION ELEMENTS (D-BLOCK ELEMENTS).............................................................21
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS............................................................................................21
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
GOC........................................................................................................................................22
ALKANES...............................................................................................................................23
ALKENES...............................................................................................................................23
ALKYNES...............................................................................................................................23
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS.....................................................................................................23
ALCOHOLS............................................................................................................................24
PHENOLS...............................................................................................................................24
ETHERS................................................................................................................................. 25
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS...................................................................................................25
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS............................................................................................................26
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS....................................................................................................26
CARBOHYHYDRATES, AMINO ACIDS AND POLYMERS...................................................26
CHARACTERISTIC REACTIONS OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS....................27
IMPORTANT REAGENT.........................................................................................................28 -29
MAIN USE OF COMPOUNDS............................................................................................... 29
SMELL OF SOME COMPOUNDS......................................................................................... 29
IDENTIFICATION TESTS....................................................................................................... 30
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Class 1
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
2 2
n h n2 2
1. rn = 2 2
= 0.529 A, rn = n r1
4p mZe Z
PE Z2
2. ET = KE = = - 13.6 2 eV
2 n
2 4
hc 2p me 1 1
3. DE = = 2 2- 2
l h n1 n2
s
1 1 1
s
4. v= = RZ 2 2 - 2 , R = 1.0968 107 m-1
l n1 n2
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Class 2
CHEMICAL BONDING
1. % ionic character Actual dipole moment
= 100
Calculated dipole moment
2. Fajan's Factors: following factors are helpful in including covalent
character in ionic compounds
(a) Small cation
(b) Big anion
(c ) High charge on cation
(d) High charge on anion
(e) Cation having pseudo inert gas configuration
(ns2p6d10) e.g. Cu+, Ag+, Zn2+, Cd2+
1
3. -DH f = H S + Hd + IE + D H EG - E L
4. M.O. theory:
2
la s s
C
(a) Bond order = 1 ( Nb - N a )
2
(b) Higher the bond order, higher is the bond dissociation energy, greater
is the stability, and shorter is the bond length.
(c ) Species Bond order Magnetic properties
H2 1 Diamagnetic
+
H2 0.5 Paramagnetic
Li2 1 Diamagnetic
5. Q = 1 [V + SA - ( q )]
2
6. Former charge = V- L + 1 S
2
7. VSEPR theory
(a) (LP LP) repulsion > (LP BP) > (BP BP)
(b) For NH3 Bond Angle 106045' because H2O molecule contains 2LP
and 2BP where as NH3has ILP and 3BP.
8. Bond angle:
Decrease in bond angle down the gp is due to LP BP repulsion
(a)NH3> PH3 > AsH3
(b)H2O > H2S > H2Se
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Class 3
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
1. K p = K c( RT )? n g where D ng =n p -n R
s
(b) K p unit (atm)Dn
s
(c) Total molecule at equlibrium =[total initial moles +Dn]
la
(d) Time required to establish equlibrium a 1 / k c
(e) If in any heterogeneous equilibrium solid substance is also
C
present then its active mass & partial pressure is assumed 1.
4. Le chatelier's principle
(i) Increase of reactant conc. (Shift forward)
(ii) Decrease of reactant conc. (Shift backward)
(iii) Increase of pressure (from more moles to less moles)
(iv) Decrease of pressure (from less moles to more moles)
(v) For exothermic reaction decrease in temp. (Shift forward)
(vi) For endothermic increase in temp. (Shift forward)cTime Total
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