ENERGY ENGINEERING

4th Term,
B.Sc. Chemical Engineering
Session 2009

Delivered by:
Mr. Usman Ali

Department of Chemical Engineering

University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore
 THE SUN
The original source of most
energy resources.
Plants store the suns energy
through photosynthesis.
Animals then eat the plants.
 Natural gas
Oil

The Sun
Coal
The original source
of most energy
resources.

biomass food

waves Wind
 Minerals: Building blocks of rocks

Definition of a mineral:
Naturally occurring
Inorganic solid
Ordered internal molecular structure
Definite chemical composition
Definition of a rock:
A solid aggregate or mass of minerals
 Mineral Definitive Properties

Made of an element or a chemical compound

Definitive chemical composition

Orderly, regular repeating internal atomic

arrangement, crystalline structure

Made of inorganic solids

Formed by geologic processes

 Mineral Diagnostic Properties

Color and streak

Luster

Crystal form

Cleavage

Hardness

Special properties (taste, smell, feel, tenacity,

reaction to acid, magnetism)
 Major Rock Types
Igneous Rocks
that solidified from magma
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
accumulation and subsequent
consolidation of sediments
Metamorphic rocks
when other rocks are subjected
to heat and pressure

Minerals
Energy Sources, Resources and
Demand
World Energy Supply
World Energy Supply
World Energy Supply
World Energy Supply
World Energy Consumption
Global energy usage
Global energy usage
Global energy usage
Primary Energy Over View of Pakistan
Oil Reserves in Pakistan
Gas Reserves in Pakistan
Coal Reserves in Pakistan
Energy Consumption in Pakistan
 Coal
Some historians believe that coal was first used commercially in
China.
There are reports that a mine in northeastern China provided coal
for smelting copper around 1000 BC.
The improvement of the steam engine by James Watt, patented in
1769, was largely responsible for the growth in coal use.
Coal was used to produce gas for gas lights in many cities.
This process of coal gasification saw the growth in gas lights across
metropolitan areas at the beginning of the 19th century, particularly
in London.
The use of coal gas in street lighting was eventually replaced with
the emergence of the modern electric era.
 Continued History
With the development of electric power in the 19th century, coals
future became closely tied to electricity generation.
The first practical coal-fired electric generating station, developed
by Thomas Edison, which went into operation in New York City in
1882, supplied electricity for household lights.
With the huge rise in transportation, oil finally overtook coal as the
largest source of primary energy in the 1960s.
 Uses
In the 1300s, Native Americans used coal for cooking, making clay
pots, and heating.
Wood charcoal had long been used to provide fuel in England, but
in the 18th century it was discovered that coal burned cleaner and
hotter.
Coal was used during the Industrial Revolution, when demands for
energy sources increased.
Coal was used to fuel steam-powered trains and in the production
of weapons during the American Civil War
About one hundred years ago in the US, it was used for heating
homes, generating electricity, powering railroads and boats, and
fueling factories.
Coal production has increased by more than 70% since 1970.
 uses continued
Energy Usage

Coal provided 25% of global

energy needs in 2005 and 40% of
the worlds electricity
9 of 10 tons of coal mined in the
US is used to generate electricity.
About 56% of the electricity is
coal-generated electricity.
Industries use coal to make
chemicals, cement, paper, and
metal products,
Methanol and ethylene, made
from coal gas, are used to make
products such as plastics,
medicines, fertilizers, and tar.