INDEX

Sr. No. Particulars

1. Project at Glance
2. General Information
3. Production Department
4. Personnel Department
5. Marketing Department
6. Finance Department
7. Future Plans
8. Conclusion
9. Suggestions
10. Bibliography
1) Name of the firm

M/S APEX INDUSTRY

2) Year of Establishment

1994 95

3) Registered Office address

M/s Apex Industries

C/o National Sales Corporation,
10, Manahar Plot,
RAJKOT-360001.

4) Form of Organization

Partnership firm

5) Main Products of the company

Kitchen items like sev-sancha, khamni,

electronic gas lighter, lemon squeezer,
stainless steel Utensils etc.

6) Size of the unit

Small Scale Unit

7) Total area covered

2200 Square meter

8) Initial Investment

Rs 13,00,000

9) Objectives of the Company

1) Profit maximization.

2) To provide best quality goods.

10) Symbol of the company

NATIONAL & RAMA

11) Partners in the unit

Mr. BIPINBHAI D. PAREKH

Mr. TEJASBHAI D. PAREKH

Mr. VIJAYBHAI D. PAREKH

12) No. of workers

There are 10 workers.

13) Bankers

GUJARAT STATE FINANCE CORPORATION

[GSFC]

14) Accounting year

1st April To 31st March.

15) Accounting system

DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM.

16) Raw materials obtained from

JODHPUR ISPAT [JODHPUR]

BHAVNA METAL CORPORATION [MUMBAI]

AHMEDABAD ROLLING MILL [AHMEDABAD]

17) Auditors

R. V. SOMAIYA
INDEX OF GENERAL INFORMATION

Sr. No. Particulars

1. History Of the Company
2. Size of Organization
3. Form Of Organization
4. Plant Location
5. Bankers
6. Timings
7. Organizational Structure
(01) HISTORY OF THE COMPANY

* The firm was started 8 to 9 years ago.

* M/S Apex industry was established in the year 1994-

95. When they started this company they were not
manufacturing all the items but some limited items. After
few years they started producing items like lemon
squeezer, Puri machine, Gas lighter, Sev sancha,
Methai tray etc.

* They started with an Initial Capital of Rs 13,00,000

but today the investment of the unit has raised to Rs
40,00,000.

* All the partners are working very hard to bring the

company upward and so they put their best efforts in any
work.

* They share their profit and losses according to the

partnership deed.

* The brand name of M/s APEX Industry is National

and Rama.

* Workers play an important role in bringing up the

industry from bottom to top level.
(02)SIZE OF THE ORGANIZATION

* Size of the organization means how much capital

has been invested in fixed assets of the unit, on the
basis of which the size of the Industry is decided.

* There can be three different Industries on the basis

of size of the Industry. They are -----

1) Large Scale Industry.

2) Medium scale industry.

3) Small-scale industry.

* M/s Apex Industry was started with the Initial Capital

of Rs 13,00,000 but today their investment has
increased to Rs 40,00,000. So according to the
definition of small-scale industry, APEX Industry is
considered as a small scale unit.
(03)FORM OF ORGANIZATION

* Any business unit can be classified in three ways.

They are as follows.

1) Sole- Proprietorship.
2) Partnership Firm
3) Joint Stock Company

Sole Proprietorship: -

In this there is only owner who brings the capital into

business for starting any business.

Partnership firm: -

In this the partners have to bring the capital into

business. So there is fewer burdens on one person in
partnership firm.

Joint Stock Company: -

There is two types in J.S.C i.e. Private and Public. In

Private they have to collect or can collect from family
members, friends etc. In Public they have to issue
shares and debentures to Public.

* M/s Apex Industry is a Partnership firm.

(04)PLANT LOCATION

(1) Registered Office:

M/s Apex Industries

C/0 National Sales Corporation,
10, Manahar Plot,
RAJKOT 360 001.

(2) Factory

M/s Apex Industries

G 1875 Lodhika GIDC
Matoda Rajkot (Gujarat)

(3) Telephone number:

Phone : 0281 5600890

Mobile : 98243-50235
 (05)BANKER

GUJARAT STATE FINANCE CORPORATION [GSFC]

(06)TIMINGS

In Apex Industry there is DAY SHIFT. Timings are as

follows.

9:00 am to 12:30 pm

Then after 12:30 pm there is Recess break for half an

hour.

[Recess] 12:30 pm to 1:00 pm

After recess there is one more session.

1:00 pm to 5:30 pm.

(07)ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

PARTNERS

MANAGERS

SUPERVISOR

WORKERS
INDEX OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Sr. No. Particulars

1. Introduction
2. Raw-Material
3. Plant Location
4. Plant Layout
5. Production Process
6. Quality Control
7. Pollution Control
8. Organization Structure
(01) INTRODUCTION AND DEFINATION

Production is a basic activity of all the Industrial

units and organization. All other activity revolves
around this activity.

Production means step-by-step conversion of raw

materials into semi-finished or finished goods.

A good, which is prepared and ready to face the

surrounding of market, is product.

The meaning of the term production and production

management should be used carefully because they
both differ from each other as it is explained under.

According to Prof. E. S. Buffa

Production is a process by which goods and

services are created.

Production management deals with

decision making in relation to production process, so
that the resulting goods and services are produced
according to specification in the amount and by the
schedule demanded and at minimum cost.
(02) RAW MATERIALS

Raw materials are the basic and most important

requirement for any Industry. It is as the head without
which not a single procedure is carried on in the
factory.

The cost of raw materials is an important element,

which we have to consider while purchasing of raw
material.

The total cost of production involves cost of raw

material, so it should be carefully purchased.

If the supply of raw material is not regular, it may lead

to frequent stoppages and breakages in production.

APEX INDUSTRY gets raw materials from near by

places but majority of raw materials are obtained from -----

1) Jodhpur Ispat [Jodhpur]

2) Bhavna Metal Corporation [Mumbai}

3) Ahmedabad rolling mills [Ahmedabad]

(03) PLANT LOCATION
APEX INDUSTRY is situated at G 1875 Lodhika
GIDC, Matoda Rajkot (Gujarat).

It enjoys all the infrastructure facilities near by only.

Before setting up the plant first it has to be seen that

raw-material, is easily available and of adequate
quantity, there is a good market for our product or not,
cheap labours are available or not, transport facilities,
water supply, power supply and also benefited by
government policies.

The main points, which affect the plant location, are

as follows.

(1) RAW MATERIALS: -

It is the main source of any factory without which no

factory can function. If Raw materials are not available
near by then cost of our product will rise and we would
not be able to stand in market.

(2) POWER SUPPLY: -

It plays an important role because without power no
machine can function and if machine stops production
stops, which proves to be harmful.

(3) WATER SUPPLY: -

Water is the prime need for any unit and it should be

adequate. Water is also required for the use of injection
molding machine.

(4) LABOURS: -
Adequate supply of cheap & skilled labor is required, but
in this unit there are three skilled, four semi-skilled and
three unskilled laborers.
(5) TRANSPORTATION: -

Transportation is also equally important for any type of

unit. Speedy transport facility is needed for regular and
timely supply of finished goods in the market.
(05) PRODUCTION PROCESS

The production process adopted by the APEX

INDUSTRY is traditional one, which is being
adopted bye the most of the manufacture.

APEX INDUSTRY is manufacturing kitchen ware

items like Lemon Quizzer, Puri Machine, Sev-Sancha,
S.S.Utensils ie Methai tray and glass stands etc.

For manufacturing the above items Machinery used

for each operation are as under----
There are four machines used for production process
in APEX INDUSTRY.

(1) Lathe Machine: -

This machine is used for turning the raw materials.

(2) Power Press: -

In power press machine we can do cutting, trimming

and embossing.

(3) Compressor: -

This machine is used for cleaning and the colouring

of the items.

(4) Buffing: -

For polishing the product this machine is used.

PRODUCTION PROCESS OF INDIVIDUAL

PRODUCT.
(1) GAS LIGHTER: -

First of all a big mild steel or stainless steel pipe is

taken food and according to required size pipe has to
be cutted by cutting machine and through power press
machine the shape is given to the pipe and after that
polishing and shaping is done. After making the steel
part of lighter, plastic part which is to be attached at the
top of steel part, first of all plastic is taken then by
power press machine required shape is given to it and
other ready made available part is also attached along
with steel & plastic part by workers through handwork.

(2) LEMON SQUEEZER: -

Lemon squeezer is much more easy as compared to

gas lighter. All the different types of cutting is done than
it is pressed in power pressed machine for shaping and
also shining is given to it.

(3) PURI MACHINE: -

In preparing puri machine Lathe machine is used.

Then casting plate and steel plate is attached. Than
finishing touch is given to it. Drilling and painting work
is done to make a good puri machine.

(4) SEV SANCHA: -

Lathe machine is used for Shev Sancha work.

Pipe cutting is done from big pipe and then as per
requirement pipe facing and threading is to do. Then
many other parts, which are ready in market, are to be
attached.

(5) S. S. UTENSILS: -
 They are preparing two types of product of Stainless
Steel. They are as under ----

1) Methai tray

2) Glass stand

1) METHAI TRAY: -
Methai tray can be of different shapes and size,
so Stainless Steel coil cutting is done as per the
required size then tray is bent in tray bending press
and then spot welding is done. Then shining is given at
last to Methai Tray.
2) GLASS STAND: -
For manufacturing Glass stand Stainless steel
coil cutting is done, as it is done in Methai Tray after
that hole is made in stand as per required size. Hole
cutting may be small or large as per order after that
welding is done in that stand and at last shining is to be
given to the stand for attractive look.

This all above given is the production process of APEX

INDUSTRY.
(06) QUALITY CONTROL

The quality of the good produced can only be

maintained if all the factors that is employees, workers,
machine & R. M. are available in a consistent way, any
change in them might change quality.

Quality means the ability of a product to satisfy

the consumer. In short we can define as An asset,
which may be offered to the potential customers of a
product or a services

Quality control starts with quality assessment

&includes actions taken to do away with unaccepted
quality. A typical program is based on periodic
inspection later follows by feed-back on result & the
adjustment made where found necessary.
(07) POLLUTION CONTROL

There are mainly three types of pollution. They are as

follows -----

1) Air

2) Water

3) Noise

Pollution can be caused by improper disposal of

waste materials such as chemical and due to heavy
machinery which create smoke and noise. This will
result into ill-ness. Therefore, the unit must have
good pollution control system.

As such unit does not leave any waste which is

harmful to the environment. The only waste left is
the scrap, which they sell off. They have situated the
unit far from the residential area, so no pollution is
created.
(04) PLANT LAYOUT

According to F. G. MOORE A good layout is

one which allows materials rapidly and
directly for processing. This reduces transport
handling, clearical and other costs down per
unit, space requirements are minimized and it
reduce idle machine and idle man time.

1) Process Layout.

2) Product Layout.

1) Process Layout :-

o It is also called functional layout. All machine

performing similar type of operations are
grouped at one location in process layout. In
this layout several products ways hare a
machine to make its full use. In this type of
layout, the process rather than the product has
a dominating role.

o This type of process is more suitable to job

order type of production. In such production the
operation differ from product to product. So it is
desirable to arrange the machine on the basis
of process rather than on the products.

2) Product Layout :-

In this type of layout the machine are arranged in

the sequence as required bye the particular product.
All machine as required to balance the particular
product line are arranged in a sequential line but not
necessary in straight line.
 In this type of layout one product goes through
all the machine lined up in the order required
by its manufacturer.

In M/s Apex Industries they are having product

layout.
(08) ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

PARTNERS

MANAGER

SUPERVISOR

WORKERS
 INDEX OF PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

Sr. No. Particulars

1. Introduction
2. Recruitment & Selection
3. Training & Development
4. Job Description
5. Promotion & Transfer
6. Wages & Salary
7. Employees Benefits
8. Grievance Handling Procedure
9. Employee Records
10. Performance Appraisal

(01) INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION

Among the four factors for constitution of Industry

i.e. Land, Labor, Capital and organization, only
Labor is the living factor with emotional sense. Thus,
it has its own importance.

Personnel management is a part of management

process which is elementarily concerned with
human confidence of an organization.

According to LAWRENCE,
 Personnel management is a function of
guiding human resources into a dynamic
organization that attains its objectives with a high
degree of employee morale and to the satisfaction
of those concerned. It is concerned with getting
results through people.

According to PETER. F. DRUCKER.

The sources capable of enlargement can only

buy human resources, all the other resources of
production can be used to its best or worst possible
way but its output will never exceed the total input.

The main contribution of the personnel management

is to ensure best possible utilization of the human
assets of an enterprise.
02) RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION

1) Recruitment :-

Recruitment is the development and maintenance of

adequate manpower resources. Recruitment is significant
because it helps in discovering talented and competent
workers, mobilizing labor and in better utilization of human
resources.

Recruitment of personnel is done from internal as

well as external sources.

According to FLIPPO,

Recruitment is the process of searching for

prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for
jobs in the organization.

In APEX INDUSTRY recruitment of their

personnel is more from external sources. In this firm
recruitment is done through many ways. They are as
follows ----

1) Advertisement in the Newspaper.

2) Through telephones.

3) Through Exhibition.

4) Through Internet.

5) In the directory of the Tata Yellow Pages.

2) Selection :-

After application are received, required number of

employees are secured through different methods of
selection. The main purpose of selection procedure
is to find the right man for each job. The efficiency
and profitability of the concern depends mainly on
proper selection of the personnel.

Personnel selection method in INDIA is still in a

crude form. A scientific approach is rarely adopted in
the selection of employees. Gradually, of course,
the direct method of recruitment is coming into
vogue, yet the jobber and contractors system with
all its evils still continues in many industries.

Only, if we can adopt the scientific method of

recruitment and selection can we progress
industrially.

In this firm all skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled

employee are also selected.
(03) TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

1) Training :-

Training is one of the effective instruments which

helps in reducing wastage of resources, improve
quality of the product and lessen the possibilities of
accidents in the company. It scope is not limited to
illiterate workers only, its scope is wide enough to
cover all types of employees and executives
including top management with highest educational
qualifications.

Training is an act of increasing the knowledge and

skill of a worker for doing a certain job. It is an act of
imparting knowledge as regards the method of
doing job. In other words, training is an organized
procedure by which people acquire knowledge or
skill for a definite purpose.

According to MICHEAL. J. JUCIUS,

The term training is used here to indicate any

process by which the aptitudes, skills and abilities of
employees to performs specific job are increased.

In APEX INDSUTRY they are given direct

training on the job. The employees get direct
training on machine by the supervisor [Sureshbhai].

2) Development :-

The program for the development of officers

becomes important to develop their mental ability and
inherent qualities. Executives or managers are those who
have authority over others and are responsible for their
activity and for the operations of the enterprise.

According to MICHEAL. J. JUCIUS,

 Development is the program by which executives
capacities to achieve desired objectives are increased.

In APEX INDUSTRY they are providing good

opportunities for the development of their employees.
(04) JOB DESCRIPTION

The information gathered by job analysis is very

much in detailed. When this information is presented
in a concise form and in a orderly manner, it
becomes job description. It is a written documentary
outline of the principal facts about individual jobs.

It provides both organizational and functional

information.

SPECIMEN OF JOB DESCRIPTION :-

Job title - Secretary

Division - Administrative Office

Necessary Equipment - Typewriter,

Telephones etc.

Job summary - Routine reports, takes

note in meeting etc.

Job Duties - Replies to incoming

mail daily and many
more things.

Job requirements - Must be graduate and

one year experience.

Salary - About Rs 8000 per

month

Promotion - Can be promoted to

the post of assistant
manager.
Job Instruction - Takes instruction from
the manager or M.D.
(05) PROMOTION AND TRANSFER
1) Promotion :-

Employees efficiency increases with experience. In

appreciation of this improvement, employees are
promoted to better jobs with higher status, greater
responsibility and increased salary. This change is called
a promotion. Every employee has dream to be promoted
to higher post.

According to DALE YODER,

Promotion is a movement to a position in

which responsibilities and presumable, prestige is
increased.

In APEX INDUSTRY they are giving

promotion on three bases. They are as under ----

1) Seniority
2) Suitability
3) Seniority and Suitability both.

In case of promotion a new position is attained

which is better than the present one is terms of pay, status
and the work situation.

2) Transfer :-

Transfer means shifting of an employee from one

job to another job without any change in status or salary.

According to EDWIN FLIPPO,

Change in job where the new job is

substantially equal to the old one in terms of pay,
status and responsibilities.

In APEX INDUSTRY they usually do not transfer

its employee from one department to another.
(06) WAGES & SALARY

The basic purpose of wage and salary

administration is to maintain equitable wages and
salary structure. The employee is working to get
monetary returns, so it showed to fair and enough.

Proper and regular wages and salary helps to avoid

industrial disputed and decrease in productivity. It
indirectly motivates the workers and increases his
efficiency.

In APEX INDUSTRY there are workers on daily

basis only. The daily wages starts from Rs. 70 to 100. It
also depends on experienced, skills, education etc.

Following are the Daily Wages of the M/s APEX

INDUSTRY:

1) Unskilled - Rs. 80/-

2) Semi-skilled - Rs. 100/-

3) Skilled - Rs. 120/-

(08) GRIEVANCE HANDLING PROCEDURE

This procedure is carried out for the workers only.

Grievance means a complain or dissatisfaction of workers
towards the management. First of all workers complain to
their supervisors than also if problem is not solved then
they go to the head of department.

In APEX INDUSTRY grievances do not occur

because it gives more compensation than they deserve it.

(09) EMPLOYEES RECORDS

In APEX INDUSTRY they maintain employee

record. These records includes qualification, performance,
experience, regularity etc.

They are preparing three different registers for the

records. They are as under ---

1) Salary and wages register.

2) Over time register.

3) Attendance register.

In salary and wages register they are

maintaining, to whom salary is to be given and
how much to pay them.

In over time register they are maintaining the

name of the workers who are doing overtime,
so we will come to know about how much to
pay more to the workers who are doing over
time.
 In attendance register they mark presence
and absence of the employees.
(07) EMPLOYEES BENEFITS

Employees are provided services and given benefits

in monetary or non-monetary terms. Benefits given to the
employees makes them happy which is reflected in work.
Benefits and services provided to make them committed
and they dedicate themselves to work and indirectly helps
in maintaining quality.

APEX INDSUTRY gives following facilities to the

employees.

1) They give bonus to their workers once a year.

2) They provide safety equipments like glasses to

protect eyes, gloves for hands, shoes etc

3) They provide sweets on Dashera.

4) They provide clothes and crackers on Diwali.

5) They provide Medical Allowance, if they are

injured on duty.
(10) PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

It is the responsibility of management to see that the

employees selected by them are suitable for the
jobs assigned to them, what is their ability of what is
the fair amount of wages that can be paid to them
and whether they can be promoted to the higher
posts on the basis of their ability and performance.
This is done through performance appraisal.

Thus, performance appraisal is useful to

management in number of ways, e.g. it is used to
determine the fair wages payable to employee, for
transfer, promotion etc.

According to TIFFIN and Mc. CORMICK

Performance appraisal is a systematic

evaluation of personnel by their supervisors or other
who are familiar with their work performance.

Performance Appraisal is also known as

service rating, employee rating, performance rating
and also personnel rating.

If the worker completes the target given by the Unit,

then the Unit will provide him with an extra bonus.
INDEX OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Sr. No. Particulars

1. Introduction
2. Organization Structure
3. Capital Structure
4. Ploughing back of Profit
5. Distribution of Profit & Loss
6. Fixed Assets
(01) INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION

Money is like a lubricant or like blood in human

body. Financial management includes raising of
resources economically through getting loans or
advances or overdraft from the banking system.

Money is required to purchase expensive machinery

and also for day to day expenses on raw
materials, labor and operational and administrative
needs of business. Execution of expansion plans
and modernization program are not possible without
adequate finance. Thus, money can be described as
the life blood of industries.

According to HOAGLAND,

Financial management is concerned mainly

with such matters as, how a business corporation
raises its finance and how it makes use of it.

According to F.W. PAISH,

In a modern money using economy, finance

may be defined as the provision of money at the
time it is wanted.
(02) ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

FINANCE MANAGER

ACCOUNTANT

CLERK
(03)CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Generally, management formulates capital in

advance and raises finances as required according to the
predetermined plan. In some companies, however, capital
structure is planned consciously, but finance is raised
through various sources as and when required.

According to Gerstenberg,

Capital structure of a company refers to the

make of its capitalization.

There are three types of capital. They are as

under----

1) Initial capital
2) Working capital
3) Fixed capital.

1) Initial capital:

Initial capital is the capital, which need to be invested

for starting a business.

M/s APEX INDUSTRY invested Rs 13,00,000 as the

Initial capital.

2) Working capital:

Working capital is required for the expenses like

raw materials, equipments, spare-parts, salary, wages
etc.

M/s APEX INDUSTRY is having working capital of

Rs.13,00,000.
 3) Fixed capital:

Capital invested in fixed assets like land,

building, machine etc is known as fixed capital.

M/s APEX INDUSTRY has fixed assets of Rs

30,00,000 including deposits.
(04) PLOUGHING BACK OF PROFIT

When company earns relatively more profit, it does

not distribute the whole profit as dividend but certain part
of it is ploughed back into business in the form of fund,
which is known as ploughing back of profit.

It is utilized to meet the financial requirement. It is

created without any extra cost and without increasing the
partners.

M/S APEX INDUSTRY is doing 5% ploughing back

of profit .
(05) DISTRIBUTION OF PROFIT AND
LOSS

Profit is the main objective of any firm. They distribute

their Profit and Loss according to their partnership deed.

In their Partnership deed, they have agreed to

distribute profit equally.
(06) FIXED ASSETS

M/S APEX INDUSTRY are having assets as given

under:

(1) DYES AND MOULD Rs 8,00,000

(2) Factory and building Rs 8,00,000

(3) Land Rs 4,00,000

(4) Machinery Rs 7,00,000

(5) Other assets Rs 2,60,000

(6) Deposits Rs 40,000

INDEX OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Sr. No. Particulars

1. Introduction
2. Product & Product related
Strategies
3. Pricing Policy
4. Place Mix
5. Marketing Research
6. Advertisement
7. Promotion Mix
(01) INTRODUCTION OF MARKETING

Marketing management may be defined as a

process of marketing program for achieving organizational
goals.

The process of marketing has been defined as the

human activity directed at satisfying needs and wants
through exchange process.

In the context of an organization marketing manager

devices marketing programs to bring about desired
exchange between organization and its customers.

The process of management is commonly

understood now as the set of task known as analysis,
planning, implementation and control of programs for
achieving organizational goals.
(02) PRODUCT AND PRODUCT RELATING
STRATEGY

A Product is often thought as a physical object

manufactured or traded by business firm. However, in
marketing the concepts of product is much wider.

A product line refers to a set of products that are

related either because they satisfy similar needs of
different markets segments or because they satisfy
different but related needs of given segments.

M/s APEX INDUSTRY manufactures lemon

squeezer, S.S. utensils, Shev Sancha , Gas Lighter, Puri
Machine, Methai Tray, Glass Stand.

A product mix is the entire range of products of a

company. The product mix need not consist of related
products.

They are having two types of strategy. They are as

follows -------

1) Packing

2) Packaging

3) Labeling

Packing:- Packing means wrapping the paper or

plastic to the product for storing it for a period and
also easy for transporting it .

They are having three different types of packing.

They are as under ---

1) Bister Packing

2) Box Packing
 3) Skin Packing

Packaging: - Packaging means placing a good in

attractive packet, so as to attract the customers.

Labeling:- It means the product is identified amongst

many product by its labels or stamps on the
produces.
(03) PRICING POLICY

Price is the value of product attributes and utility

expressed in monetary terms. It is very critical
component because it determines the demand of the
production of the market so prices should be fixed in
such a manner so as it maintain cost and benefit
prices.

At the same time pricing determines the very

viability of any marketing program because the
demand and sales revenue depend on the price.

M/s APEX INDUSTRY sets competitive prices for

its product. It fixes the price of product by making
aggregate total of raw materials used, labor charges,
profit margins, transportation, central sales tax,
deprecation, electricity and other expenses which
they are incurring .

M/s APEX INDUSTRY gives Trade Discount and

Cash Discount both. They give 5% Trade Discount
who purchases the products in bulk and they give 3%
Cash Discount who make their payments at the time
of purchase of the products.
(04) PLACE MIX
Place mix involve ---

1) Channels of distribution

2) Transportation

3) Warehousing.

Channels of distribution:- Channels of

distribution are systems of economics institution
through which a product or goods are delivered them
into the hands of the buyers.

In other words distribution channel means

the way through which the company supplies product
in the market.

M/s APEX INDUSTRY adopts only one

channel of distribution.

Company

Distributors

Agents

Consumers

Transportation:- Transportation means to

carry goods from one place to another. There are many
ways of transportation. They are as under-------
 1) By road.

2) By railway

3) By ship

4) By air

M/s APEX INDUSTRIES carry out their

transportation by road only. They easily get roads
transport and also at lower rate i.e. Trucks, rickshaw etc.

WAREHOUSING:-

Warehousing is very important part of any manufacturing

firm. Warehousing is the practice of storing goods in
properly constructed building. If we keep our goods in
warehouse then we can protect our goods from dust, fire
etc. There are various types of warehouse. They are as
under-------

1) Private warehouse

2) Public warehouse

3) Cold storage & Bonded warehouse

M/s APEX INDUSTRY has there own private warehouse

which is about 800 Square Feets.
(05) MARKETING RESEARCH
Purpose of marketing research is to provide valid
and reliable information that would provide help in
identification of a set of marketing problems

The very first decision that a manager has to take in

the marketing research is related to defining the problem.
The next he would decide whether to undertake research
and how much to spend on it. After that he would decide
who should do it. Finally having got the result how to
interpret then for making a better decision.

The amount of money to be spent on research

ideally should not exceed the likely benefit accruing from
the better decision made on the basis of additional
information generated through research.

M/s APEX INDUSTRY adopts internal as well as

external sources for its research. Its main internal sources
are records of concern. The data with regard to cost and
profit are analyzed in terms of different product and sales
territories so such data is very convenient and
economical.
(06) ADVERTISING

Advertising means presentation of information in

such a way as to create interest and arouse desire among
the consumer of the product by appealing to them. The
objective for advertising is to communicate information
effectively in order to stimulate sales.

A variety of media are used for advertising purpose.

They are as under -----

Help line

Ask me

News paper
 FUTURE PLANS

Every unit has a dream to develop its unit and

expand to move ahead in life. For this purpose everybody
of the unit has to plan for the future. After planning we
have to implement this plan in our practical life for
achieving good result.

The future plan of M/s APEX INDUSTRY is to

improve its quality to the possible extends and also to cut
down their cost for competing in the world market.
 CONCLUSION

With the help of all about mentioned details we can

say that this firm has achieved great success. The reason
behind this success is only the sincere effort of it
organization and relations with their distributor. They have
a good management in their firm and all their workers
work efficiently.

So it can be concluded that company is small-scale

unit and it is a successful organization having bright
future.
 SUGGESTIONS

After visiting M/s APEX Industry I have some

suggestions to give them, which are as follows :

1) Better facilities should be provided to its employees.

2) They should increase their products so that they can

sell more.

3) To organize some entertainment programmer to its

employees.

4) To allow the employees to take part in decision

making process.

5) To go for international marketing

6) Create strong brand name.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Production & operations management : -

By CHUNAWALA PATEL

2) Personnel department :-
By C.B.MAMORIA

3) Marketing department :-
By PHILIP KOTLER

4) Finance department :-
By I.M. PANDEY