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September 2010
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Page 1 of 65
RamConcept
Contents
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List of Figures
Page 4 of 65
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1 Scope
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The set-down is formed by using the main slab as Priority 1 (200 thick), the Complete set-down area as Priority 2 (500
thick) which sets the wall step. And the set-down area itself as priority 3 200 thick with the surface elevation at -300
Page 7 of 65
RamConcept
This ensures that the drop wall does not form a stiff torsion wall if spanning between columns, giving an non
conservative deflection
Page 8 of 65
RamConcept
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Page 10 of 65
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Note that the wall has stiffened the centre portion of the slab very significantly whereas the true deflections reflect the
actual wall loading
Page 11 of 65
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Page 24 of 65
RamConcept
Only Live Loads (reducible) are reduced all others are the same
Reduction is applied to column reactions (including moments), thus punching design incorporates the reductions.
For columns the greater value of Tables 2 and 3 is used, for beams, Table 3 only. Reduction is NOT applied to one
or two way slabs.
The LLR levels is entered for the number of levels above the floor under consideration
The Tributary area is the simple geometric area loading a column or a bema
The Influence area is used by ASCE and IBC codes sop is not applicable here.
Points to note:
Only the Live (reducible) will be reduced no other loads
Only Columns and beams will use live load reduction in design (including punching for columns, shear for beams)
No reduction is applied to Individual Load Case reactions, only to Load Combinations thus the unfactored loads are
always available.
For Mat foundations and rafts always specify NO REDUCTION. The loads applied must be factored before input
otherwise double reduction could occur. Loads imported from RamSS may already include Live load Reduction.
$ 41 6, 5 !/ ,5
Punching design strips can be used to check and design for punching shear.
However these do not check to BS 8110 and the designs are for radial shear rails.
It s easier to check maximum values to BS 8110 and design individually using spreadsheets or specialized shea rail
design programs (Ancon, BRC etc)
Page 25 of 65
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5 Tendon Layers
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Page 27 of 65
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6 Reinforcement Layers
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The reinforcement layers can show both user and program designed bars individually or together in a number of
combinations
Page 29 of 65
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Page 30 of 65
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8 Viewing Results
Note that 3D tendon views, design span sections etc are not available until after the structure has been analysed. This
is because the tendon profiles and design sections are calculated after the structure analysis as part of the design
procedure.
Page 31 of 65
RamConcept
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Page 32 of 65
RamConcept
With no trimming, the shear core is taken as only that area that extends full depth between top surface and soffit, thus
a large part of the sections are ineffective. By changing this to slab or maximum rectangle, the section will continue
with the correct shear cores over the sections
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The slab is post tensioned and the failure criteria is BS 8110 Clause 4.3.8 this is a shear failure under ultimate load.
Using the Auditor at the squiggle and jumping to the final check of strength design we find:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Starting 4.3.8 Shear Check
Torsion Parameters:
Number of ribs = 1
x1 = 0 mm
y1 = 297 mm
Zero Torsion Parameter! (automatic shear failure)
Available Shear after torsion = 0 N/mm
Page 36 of 65
RamConcept
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Page 37 of 65
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Based on an end span the cracking factor will be [(7.05+6.56) x 0.37 x 0.5 + (6.88 + 5.92) x 0.63 x 0.5] / 3.35 = 1.9
The cracked long term deflection would then increase to 11.53 x 1.9 = 21.9 mm
The Long Term deflection from the Service set (which is all at the same creep value) is 23.8 mm (the Live load is only
1.5 kN/m2 so not over significant in this case). If the imposed load were larger (say 5 kN/m2) then this would be a
very significant difference.
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Page 39 of 65
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10 Notes
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