ON

CHOWGULE INDUSTRIES LTD.

BY

HRUSHIKESH KONDUSKAR
8NBGP005
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me immense pleasure to have completed to the CCCETT report on “CHOWGULE

INDUSTRIES LTD.”.

I would like to thanks no. of people for their support & contribution to the effort involved in the
report without whose sincere help & co-operating the report would not have taken its present
form.

I would also thanks Mr. SUJAY RAO ( H.R. MANAGER) who allowed to us visit &
help to complete my report, I Convey special thanks to MR. CHETAN HIREMATH (Faculty
guide ) who guide me very properly & kindly helped me time to time.

My deep indebtedness to Mr. Imran Ahmad, without his guidance, inspiration, & motivation,
this project would not have been materialized.

Last but not the least; I would like to thanks all employees of Chowgule Industries Ltd.,
who helped me directly or indirectly for the success of this report.

HRUSHIKESH KONDUSKAR
8NBGP005
 Automobile Industry
The Indian automobile industry is the tenth largest in the world with an annual production of
approximately 2 million units. Indian auto industry, promises to become the major automotive industry in
the upcoming years and the industry experts are hopeful that it will touch 10 million units mark.

Indian automobile industry is involved in design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of
motor vehicles. There are a number of global automotive giants that are upbeat about the expansion plans
and collaboration with domestic companies to produce automobiles in India.

The major car manufacturers in India are Maruti Udyog, Hyundai Motors India Ltd., General Motors
India Pvt. Ltd., Honda Siel Cars India Ltd., Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd., Hindustan Motors etc.

The two-wheeler manufacturers in India are Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India (Pvt.) Ltd., TVS, Hero
Honda, Yamaha, Bajaj, etc. The heavy motors including buses, trucks, auto rickshaws and multi-utility
vehicles are manufactured by Tata-Telco, Eicher Motors, Bajaj, Mahindra and Mahindra, etc. Quick
Facts:
 First Indian to own a car in India was Jamshedji Tata.
 First woman to drive a car in India was Mrs. Suzanne RD Tata.

 The passenger car and motorcycle segment in the Indian auto industry is growing by 8-9
percent.

 Commercial vehicle will grow by 5.2 per cent.

 The first automobile in India was rolled in 1897 in Bombay.

 India is a potential emerging auto market.

 Motorcycles contribute 80% of the two-wheeler industry.

 Unlike the USA, the Indian passenger vehicle market is dominated by cars (79%).

 India is the largest two-wheeler manufacturer in the world.

 India’s motorcycle segment will grow by 8-9 percent in the coming years. 11. India is the
fifth largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in the world. 12. India has the number one global
motorcycle manufacturer. 13. In Asia, India is the fourth largest car market.
Market Share

At present major Indian, European, Korean, Japanese automobile companies are holding
significant market shares. In commercial vehicle, Tata Motors dominates over 60% of the Indian
commercial vehicle market. Tata Motors is the largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle
manufacturer.

Among the two-wheeler segment, including scooters and mopeds- motorcycles have- major
share in the market. Hero Honda contributes 50% motorcycles to the market in which Honda
holds 46% share in scooter and TVS makes 82% of the mopeds in the country. In the three
wheeler industry in India, Piaggio holds 40% of the market share. Bajaj is the leader by making
68% of the three-wheelers.

Car manufacturers in India dominate the passenger vehicle market by 79%. Maruti Suzuki is the
largest car producer in India and has 52% share in passenger cars and is a complete monopoly in
multi purpose vehicles. In utility vehicles Mahindra holds 42% share. Hyundai and Tata Motors
is the second and third car producer in India.

Automobile Reviews in India

Broadly speaking, an automobile review is the review done by media in general or by an

independent, credible agency that we get to see in various newspapers, television and last but
not the least the automobile magazines. In today's world, automobile reviews play a major role
in either making or breaking the brand image of an automobile in the market. With the
changing times, more and more models and makes of automobiles are flooding the Indian
automobile market. In such a situation, it often becomes difficult on the customer's part to take
the right decision. That brings us to the need for automobile reviews.

Be it buying a car or a two-wheeler, automobile reviews come as a handy guide to help take the decision
and make an informed choice amongst the many brands of vehicles available in the market. From
technical specifications to a model's style quotient or its ergonomics, you name it and they have it all!
Buying a vehicle was never this easy before. Just going through the pages of a well-known automobile
magazine such as Autocar or Overdrive saves the interested buyer a lot of time and energy of visiting the
various automobile showrooms to collect all that data.

Now, one can have all of that in the comfort of one's house just by leafing through the pages of an
automobile magazine or by watching the automobile review programs that are aired on different business
channels on the television.

On the other hand, from the automobile industry's perspective, automobile reviews help in understanding
the drawbacks of less-successful models. It thus gives an opportunity to the auto maker to improve the
standards in line with the consumer expectations. Also, a positive review of a car can push up the sales to
greater heights and establishing its brand identity. On the flip side, a negative review can mar the image
of a vehicle in the market and can bring down its sales dramatically.

Though there are many independent agencies which carry out objective reviews periodically without
taking any sides. There are a few others which publish cooked and tampered reviews to earn more money.
So, it is important that we make the right choice while selecting the media for ascertaining automobile
reviews.

The role of automobile reviews has become an important component in the overall scheme of growth of
the industry. Such reviews help the consumer to get informed, make a comparison of existing models and
identify the best one to suit him. The industry also gets a feedback and uses that to make further
improvements in the cars and automobiles and offer the consumers a better choice.

Maruti Udyog Ltd

In 2001, Maruti Udyog Ltd became one of the first automobile companies anywhere in the world
to get an ISO 9000:2000 certification. Recently, to meet the growing demands of four-wheeler
automobile, Maruti Udyog Limited, collaborated with Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan, to
manufacture cars. On the 17th September 2007, Maruti Udyog was renamed as Maruti Suzuki
India Limited and the company headquarters is in Gurgaon, Delhi. Maruti cars have ruled the
roads in the past, in present, and promises to do so in the future also with its highly efficient cars.

Maruti is India’s most saleable car. There are a variety of Maruti car brands that has dominated
the Indian roads. Maruti cars are buyable from the car dealerships, used car dealers, car websites
and car owners. Maruti car reviews explain the worth of buying Maruti Car. There are Maruti
used car dealer and know more about the car prices. Go for extensive car search to find the car at
best affordable prices.
 Maruti Cars In India

Maruti Udyog Ltd. (MUL) was basically formed to cater to the problems of insufficient public
transport capability of the Government. During the early 80's, India was facing tremendous
problems regarding public transport. And there was no possible solution to curb this problem.
The Indian markets were yet to be opened to globalization hence; there were very few car
manufacturers in the country. However, the need for an alternative was becoming very
necessary, when the Government of India through an Act of Parliament formed Maruti Udyog
Ltd.in1981.

After this, a Joint Venture agreement was signed by the Govt. of India and Suzuki Motor
Company (now Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan) in Oct 1982. There are almost 307
showrooms across 189 cities. They are managed by almost 6000 trained personnel. MUL has
always been concerned about the quality of their services and products. Accordingly, it has been
seen that Maruti owners experience very minimum problems as compared to the other car
manufacturers of India. Another important aspect of Maruti India is that they provide all kinds of
services and products under one roof.
Maruti 800, one of the first city cars, is the largest selling car in India. Recently, Maruti 800 went
through some minor face lifts to maintain its dominance in the small segment cars. Maruti Alto is
India's most popular and fuel efficient car. The maintenance cost of Maruti vehicles is also low
as compared to the other manufacturers. This is one of the major USP's of MUL. Even
technologically, they have attained a benchmark. They have introduce technology helps in
increasing engine delivery. They have also introduced Electronic Power Steering in some of
their models as well. MUL has three fully integrated production facilities with a range of 10
models in 50 variants. Their overall sales growth is of 15.8%, which also makes easier for the
Indians to buy cars. Other successful small and big Maruti car models that have ruled the hearts
of millions of Indians are Maruti Baleno, Maruti Esteem, Maruti Gypsy, Maruti Swift,
Maruti Versa, Maruti Wagon R, Maruti Zen, Zen Estilo etc.

Production Facilities

1. Gurgaon Facility: This facility has 3 plants which are fully integrated and they can produce
350,000 cars annually. Most of the work is done by 150 robots out of which 71 robots have
been indigenously developed. Majority of the employees have been trained in Japan. The
Gurgaon facility also contains th KB Engine plant which can produced 240,00 engines
annually. This engine is fitted in the Maruti A-Star car which is the latest launch of Maruti
Suzuki.
2. Manesar Facility: Formally launched in 2007 , from this facility various car models such as
A-Star, Swift & SX4 and Dzire have been rolled out. This is another highly automated plant
especially in the areas of press shop, weld shop and paint shop ensuring high quality of
work and accuracy at any juncture. The capacity of this facility is slated to reach 300,000
annually this year from 100,000 currently.

MARUTI MODELS

• In the order they were launched:

• * Maruti 800 : Launched 1983,Largest selling car in India, till 2004

• * Maruti Omni : Launched 1984

• * Maruti Gypsy : Launched 1985

• * Maruti 1000 : Launched 1990

• * Maruti Zen : Launched 1993, Modified 2003,

• * Maruti Esteem : Launched 1994

• * Maruti Wagon-R : Launched 1999 Modified 2006

• * Maruti Baleno : Launched 1999

• * Maruti Alto : Launched 2000,Currently largest selling car in India.

• * Maruti Grand Vitara/XL-7 : Launched 2003

• * Maruti Versa : Launched 2004

• * Maruti Swift : Launched 2005

• * Maruti Zen Estilo : Launched 2006

• * Maruti Swift Diesel : Launched 2007

• * Maruti SX4 : Launched 2007

• * Maruti DZire : Launched 2008

About CIL

History

Chowgule is a household name in Goa because of their widespread Industrial, Commercial and
cultural activities.The Chowgule group was founded by the late Dattajiroa Chowgule and the
varied businesses were established by Shriman Vishwasrao Dattajirao Chowgule.

The first major development in the Chowgules family towards business is when, in the early
1900s, Dattajirao N. Chowgule and Sons ventured into the Middle Eastern parts of the world
with shipments of tin scarp, wood bamboo, coconut oil, etc.

In 1924, the Chowgules established an agency in shipping and forwarding. Using a program of
offering economies to their clients, the Chowgules broke the foreign trade monopoly that was
prevalent then. In 1941, another company, Chowgule and Co. Ltd. was established to match the
demands of export. In 1947, the Company shipped 1,500 tons of manganese ore to
Czechoslovakia. In 1950, Japan received 9000 tones of iron ore from Chowgules.

One of the bigger milestones on its way is the "Chowgule Formula" - an historic agreement with
Japan over a barter system; the Japanese would supply men and machines for mining and
Chowgules would repay them with the ore extracted. This eventually hiked up the production of
iron ore significantly. Meanwhile, a considerable delay was being produced due to exceedingly
slow ways of transport through barges. Self-propelling barges were ordered from Japan, which
cut down the costs and decreased the delivery time. This even induced them to start a barge-
maintaining unit, and further,into building them.

The Chowgule group is diversified, professionally managed, having a turnover of over Rs. 1500
crore. The Group activities include :-

Iron Ore Mining

Beneficiation of Iron Ores
Pelletisation of Iron Ore
Transhipper Operations
Ship Building
Shipping
Port Infrastructure & Logistics
Shipping Agency & Logistics
Industrial Salt
Industrial Explosives
Industrial Gasses
Trading
 Construction & Waterproofing Chemicals
Social Projects etc.

Apart from the business activities, the Group has also undertaken numerous projects like
environmental protection and community welfare by opening of schools and colleges, tree
plantation, establishing Eco-Park etc.

Chowgule Industries Pvt. Ltd. was established in 1963 as a trading arm of the Chowgule
Group. Currently, the activities of the Company are:

• Maruti Suzuki passenger car dealership for Goa, Pune, Sangli and Satara.

• Swaraj Mazda Light Commercial vehicles dealership for Goa, Kolhapur and Pune.

• Marketing of Reliance’s Hasti brand HDPE Pipes for Industrial and Agricultural applications
in Goa.

• Marketing of Thermax Chemicals for Cooling Towers, Effluent Treatment Plants and other
utilities in Goa.

• Marketing of Waste Water System for Thermax in Goa.

• Special and Technical Turnkey Application in the Construction Field

Maruti Dealership

Our first Maruti Dealership was established in Goa in the year 1986. Since then, CIPL is having
3S – Sales, Service and Spares Dealership of Maruti vehicles in Pune, Sangli and Satara. All our
activities are ISO 9002 certified. In CIPL, customer care is given utmost importance. This is
achieved through maintaining regular contact with the customers. As a result of this not only is
our customer retention very high, our satisfied customers have helped us to have a recurring high
referral business. All-India, CIPL is amongst top 15 dealerships of Maruti.

Swaraj Mazda Dealership

In 1985, CIPL started the dealership for Swaraj Mazda light commercial vehicles in Goa.
Subsequently, we have started our activities in Kolhapur & Pune. CIPL is amongst top 10
dealerships of Swaraj Mazda in India and is the number 1 dealer in Western region. At all of our
locations, we have a tie up with all leading financers & insurance companies, for providing
better customer service.
Many technological achievements are attributable to the Chowgules. One such action is
"Uptopping" - an efficient and faster way of loading ships compared to the traditional ways.
Also, with the Japanese help, the Company has set up a completely mechanized, all-weather ore-
handling plant at Berth no. 6 at Mormugao Port.

NEW BUSINESS INITITIVES

Maruti Insurance

Launched in 2002 Maruti provides vehicle insurance to its customers with the help of the
National Insurance Company, Bajaj Allianz, New India Assurance and Royal Sundaram. The
Service was set up by the company with the inception of two subsidiaries Maruti Insurance
Distributors Services Pvt. Ltd and Maruti Insurance Brokers Pvt. Ltd.

This services started as a benefit or value addition to customers and was able to ramp up easily.
By December 2005 they were able to sell more than two millions insurance policies since its
inception.

Maruti Finance

To promote its bottom line growth, Maruti launched Maruti finance in January 2002. Prior to
the start of this services Maruti had started two ventures Citicorp Maruti and Maruti
Countrywide with Citi Group and GE Countrywide respectively to assist its client in securing
loan.

Maruti has tied up with ABN Amro Bank, Citicorp Maruti, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Kotak
Mahindra, Sundaram Finance, Magna Leasing Ltd, Cholamandalam Finance, M&M Financial
Services Ltd to start this venture including its strategic partners in car finance.

Again the company entered into a strategic partnership with SBI in March 2003 since March
2003, Maruti has sold over 12,000 vehicles through SBI-Maruti Finance. SBI-Maruti Finance is
currently available in 166 cities across India.

Maruti True Value

Maruti True Value is a service offered by Maruti Udyog to its customers. It is a market place for
used Maruti Vehicles. One can buy, sell or exchange used Maruti Vehicles with the help of
service in India.
 • N2N is the short form of End to End Fleet Mgnt & provides lease and fleet mgnt solution
to corporate.

• Its impressive list of clients who have signed up of this services include GAIL, Du Pont,
Reckitt Benckiser, Sona steering, Doordarshan, Singer India, NSE and Transworld. This
fleet management service include end to end solutions across the vehicles life, which
incl. Leasing, Maint, Convenience services and Remarking.

Maruti Genuine Accessories (MGA)

Many of the auto component companies other than Maruti Udyog started to offer components &
accessiors that were compatible, this caused a serious threat & loss of revenue to Maruti. Thus
Maruti started a new initiative under the brand name Maruti Genuine Accessories (MGA).

Organizational Hierarchy

M a n a g i n g D i r e c t o r - A u t o m o

G e n e r a l M a n a g e r

T r u e V a A l ud em Mi n a & n a AS g ce e cr r v o i uc en S t Ms a aM l en a gs n e a Mr g aHe r nR a g e r

A S M 1 A S M 2 A S M 3

T e a m T L L e 2a Td Le r 3 1T L 4 T L 5 T L 6

5 E x 5e c E u x t 5i e v c e E u s x t 5i e v c e E u s x t 5i e v c e E u s x t 5ie v c e E u s x t ie v c e
Who’s Who
CEO- Smt Padma Chowgule

Finance Executive- Bhavana Naik

Human Resource Manager- Sujay Rao

Genaral Manager (sales)- Tejashree Pai

Deputy General Manger (service)- Alvin D’souza

Sales Manager (true value)- Nelson Lobo

Sales Manager- Mariola Fernandes

Customer Care Manager- Lavin Fernandes

Asst. Accessories Manager- Savio Fernandes

Asst. Corporate Sales Manager- Savio Cosane Aranjo

Customer Care Executive- Seema Virnodkar

Team Leaders- Amit, Sinami, Atmaraj, Anjali, Suzan

Sales Executive- Sunny, Vinda, Akshata, Dax, Earl, Ashish, Mangirish, Rosario, Rohit, Pratap,
Shrutish, Sushma, Mansingh.

Accessories Sales Staff- Raj Shirodkar, Khan

Support Staff Billing- Sarika, Sudha, Anwar

 KEY COMPETITOR

• TATA MOTORS

• HYUNDAI INDIA

• FORD INDIA

• MAHINDRA

• GENERAL MOTORS INDIA

• HONDA
Maruti Suzuki achieves an overall CSI score of 820 on a 1,000-point scale. Overall customer
satisfaction with dealer service for the industry improves slightly in 2008-up by 3 points since
2007, with six of the 11 ranked brands demonstrating gains. While ranking below the industry
average, Tata and Mahindra emerge as the most improved brands, respectively, particularly in
the areas of service initiation, quality of service advisors and in-service experience.

"Maruti Suzuki has effectively implemented simple procedures that improve satisfaction with the
value of work performed and perceptions of the fairness and honesty of the dealer, such as
greeting service customers quickly upon arrival and fully explaining charges and repairs.
"Instituting these low-effort, yet high-impact practices helps to foster trust among customers,
which is critical to building loyalty for future service and sales opportunities."

The study finds that the proportion of vehicles brought in and serviced within the same day has
increased to 55 percent this year from 49 percent in 2007. Quick completion of service is a key
source of customer delight, particularly for customers who visit the dealer for routine
maintenance.
"Quick service turnaround induces a feeling of convenience and comfort for customers,
especially as life styles become more fast paced,". "Dealers that provide expedient service not
only delight their customers but also benefit from greater dealership profitability as a result of
high levels of asset utilization."

The study also finds that customer-reported costs of operation for petrol-powered vehicles have
risen by seven percent since 2007, primarily due to rising fuel costs. In contrast, owners of
diesel-powered vehicles report a minimal increase in operating costs in 2008, compared with
2007. The overall cost of vehicle operation is an aggregation of three components: fuel; repair
and maintenance; and tire expenses.

"Consumers in India have traditionally exhibited higher sensitivity to the costs of vehicle
operation, compared with consumers in other international markets". "In India, customer intent to
recommend a model or repurchase a make is strongly influenced by satisfaction with vehicle
operating costs."

Automotive Technology
Automotive technology or automobile technology refers to those technologies that are
popularly incorporated in various kinds of automobiles. With the changing times, the
emergence of advanced technologies is paving the way for more and more sophisticated
vehicles. Some of these technologies are listed below as follows:
Driverless cars: These 'intelligent vehicles' are capable of taking a person from one point to
another without any driver. Providing a "taxi-like" experience to the passengers, these vehicles
would navigate the roads on their own.Also called as autopilot, autonomous vehicle or auto-
drive car, these vehicles are expected to be fully functional by 2020. An example of such
smart cars is the 2getthere passenger vehicle that is based on the FROG navigation technology
that originated in The Netherlands, DARPA Grand Challenge (from USA) and AGRO.

Emission Standards: With the help of automotive technologies, a check can be put on the
emission of harmful pollutants such as NO 2 , particulate matter (PM) or soot, carbon
monoxide (CO) or volatile hydrocarbons. As a result, it would be easier to lower down the
pollution.

Automotive Engine: Coming all the way from the steam engines built by Nicolas-Joseph
Cugnot in 1769 to the modern day 4-stroke internal combustion engines, the automotive
engine has come a long way. It was human perseverance and determination to build something
better and powerful that has finally paid off towards achieving the means of faster and more
comfortable. .

Suspension technology: The suspension system comprises of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages. This system connects the vehicle to its wheels. The main function of a suspension
system is to minimize jerks and provide comfort to the occupants of the vehicle. With the
advancement of technology, gas-filled shock absorbers have come to being which are much
more.

Apart from the above mentioned technologies, steering technology and safety technologies
have also helped the automotive industry in a big way to reach great heights.

Related Terms

AADT
Acronym for Annual Average Daily Traffic -- a measure of traffic flow.

Abel tester
A closed-cup flash tester for kerosene and other oils

Adhesive
A substance which does not allow two materials to stick together, e.g., Teflon on frying pans
does not allow eggs to stick to its surface

Adapter carburetor
A device attached to a gasoline carburetor which permits an internal combustion engine to run
either on gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LP gas).

Adcock antenna
A directional antenna with pairs of vertical wires used for direction finding.

Adjustable wrench

A Crescent wrench or Pipe wrench. A tool which has a fixed jaw and a movable jaw which is
controlled by a spiral gear. It is used to install or remove bolts and nuts of various sizes. The
wrench itself comes in a variety of lengths and jaw sizes. A crescent wrench has smooth jaws
while a pipe wrench has serrated jaws. British term is adjustable spanner

Ape hangers
A term coined at the height of the custom-bike movement to describe tall handlebars that forced
the rider to reach skyward to grasp the controls, making the rider adopt an ape-like posture

Appendages
Structures extending beyond the main hull. They include items like shafting, rudder, bossing,
struts, and bilge keels.

Apron

The paved area directly below the racing surface that separates the track from the infield. The
panel under the vehicle's doors or the panel acting as an air dam at the front of a vehicle.

Asbestos-free
Something that has no asbestos -- especially brake and clutch linings.

Asphaltenes
Insoluble, semi-solid, or solid particles which are combustible and are highly aromatic.
Asphaltenes contain a high carbon to hydrogen ratio and entrap water, fuel ashes and other
impurities.

Aspiration
The process of sucking or inhaling the air-fuel mixture into a combustion engine.

Backheating
Excess heating of a cathode due to bombardment by high-energy electrons returning to the
cathode. In magnetrons, it may be sufficient to keep the cathode at operating temperature without
external heating.

Badge engineering
When a manufacturer sells two identical vehicles but the model names are different, he is badge
engineering. For example, General Motors may sell a vehicle as a Chevrolet or a Pontiac where
the only difference is the model name, logo, and more or less chrome or other minor alterations.

Bandwidth
The range of audio frequencies that an audio component (radio) can handle. The width, or
spread, of the range of frequencies used for a given purpose, e.g., the width of individual
channels allotted to speech or to television transmissions.
Big-block engine

A large V-8 engine produced in the '60s and '70s. It typically has a cast-iron block and head and
is fed by a carburetor. Contrasts with Small-block engine. Although both engines were of the
same displacement, the big-block engine was larger in overall size than the small-block engine.
Thus, as vehicles grew smaller and more equipment was stuffed into the engine bay, the small-
block engine was favored over its larger brother.

Bilateral slit
A slit used in a spectrometer and consisting of two metal strips whose separation can be
accurately adjusted.

Bimetal sensor

A device that consists of a thermocouple, an arm made of two dissimilar metals with different
rates of thermal expansion, that flexes in accordance with temperature changes. Used as a
temperature sensor. Also called Bimetallic sensor

Binding

The rubbing of brake shoes against the drum or of brake pads against the disc. The strip material
turned over along the edge of a carpet or mat.

Easement

Allows another person the right to use private land for a specific purpose. The most usual
easements are those granted to public utility companies to run lines on or under private property.
Other common easements are for storm drainage pipes and ditches, for walkways, and for access
roads.

Ease up on the accelerator

The action of releasing the accelerator partially or completely in order to reduce the amount of
fuel entering the engine and thus slow down the speed of the vehicle. Opposite of Depress the
accelerator or Step on the accelerator.

Ease up on the gas pedal

The action of releasing the gas pedal partially or completely in order to reduce the amount of fuel
entering the engine and thus slow down the speed of the vehicle. Opposite of Depress the gas
pedal or Step on the gas pedal..

Ease up on the throttle

The action of releasing the twist-grip or throttle lever partially or completely in order to reduce
the amount of fuel entering the engine and thus slow down the speed of the vehicle. Opposite of
Engaging the throttle or Cranking on the throttle..

Easton

American developer of high quality aluminum and carbon fiber Bicycle products.

Kangarooing
A colloquial term for moving forward in a succession of sudden jerks as a result of improper use
of the clutch, (a characteristic of beginner drivers or those not used to standard shifting)

Kaplan turbine
A type of turbine that that has two blades whose pitch is adjustable. The turbine may have gates
to control the angle of the fluid flow into the blades.

Machineability

Relative ease or difficulty in forming. The malleable characteristics of metal when cutting or
forming on screw machines. Same as free machining

Machine drive
The direct process end use in which thermal or electric energy is converted into mechanical
energy. Motors are found in almost every process in manufacturing. Therefore, when motors are
found in equipment that is wholly contained in another end use: (such as process cooling and
refrigeration), the energy is classified there rather than in machine drive.

Machined surface
A smooth surface of metal such as the top of a cylinder block.

Machine patch
A new layer of asphalt is placed on sections of the road, perhaps leaving some gaps depending
on condition. First a layer of liquid asphalt or tack coat is sprayed on the road. Next, fabric may
be placed on any badly broken areas for added strength. Finally hot asphaltic concrete is applied,
raked and rolled to a prescribed density. Work moves quickly and you can drive on the new
asphalt as soon as the rolling is complete. The work must be done when the ground is dry and
reasonably warm.

Machine room
Area where commercial and industrial refrigeration machinery -- except evaporators -- is located.

Master model
The first precision model of an automobile based on a clay model or CAD-data; essential for the
manufacture of prototypes

Master pattern
The first precision model of an automobile based on a clay model or CAD-data; essential for the
manufacture of prototypes

Palladium

A white, ductile, malleable, noble metal of the platinum family; atomic number 46, atomic
weight 106.4; resembles platinum and together with other platinum metals is used as a catalyst in
automotive exhaust converters. Compare Platinum metals

Palletized construction

The process of building a vehicle where the workers assemble a complete Chassis at a
comfortable workbench height, in a well-lighted area, away from the main line -- not underneath
a moving body. Working conditions and product quality are vastly improved.

Palm spinner

A device which is attached to a steering wheel to allow disabled people to insert a hand into its
bracket in order to steer a vehicle.

Radial commutator

Electrical contact surface on a rotor which is perpendicular or at right angles to the shaft center
line.

Radial compressor

A compressor with pistons radiating out from the centerline of the compressor. The Harrison
(Frigidaire) is a typical example.

Radial cooling fins

Brake drum cooling fins that are parallel to the centerline of the axle.

Radial discharge nozzle

Booster venturi with four spokes or arms which carry fuel to the outer circumference of the
booster before discharging it from tiny holes in the ends of the spokes. Used only on the Corvair
Model H carburetor.

Radial engine

An internal combustion engine with a number of Cylinders arranged in a circle around the
Crankshaft center line. As the crankshaft turns, the pistons are in various stages of the strokes
(i.e., intake, exhaust, compression, power). A design often used for aircraft engines.

SWOT Analysis of CIL

Strengths

• Low – cost , skilled engineering manpower, leading to superior cost structure across processes,
particularly those requiring significant design and engineering inputs.
• Low – cost product development capabilities.
• Low capital cost, attributable to ability to develop machine tools, robotics, and tools and
fixtures at competitive cost in house.
• The Presence of strong local component industry and relatively high levels of integration.
• In sum, a competitive cost structure , despite constraints in terms of high taxes and high
infrastructure costs.

Weaknesses

• Inadequate and expensive infrastructure.

• In early stage of evolution and thus behind multinational peers in terms of economies of scale
and capital employed.
• Exposed to Local cyclicality and a narrow market base, as exports still in nascent stage.
• Falling behind in R&D

• Too narrow a product line

Opportunities

Sizeable local market potential, mainly at the utilitarian end with specific local requirement,
offers Indian companies an opportunity to build scale and upgrade gradually with the market.
•- Global markets – both through direct exports and outsourcing opportunities.
 • Serve additional customer groups

• Enter new market or segments

• Expand product line to meet broader range of customer needs

Threats

- Global majors resorting to predatory pricing in order to penetrate the Indian market
- Any paradigm shifts in technology could increase technology gap considerably.
- of lower-cost competitors
- Rising sales of substitute products

- Slower market growth

- Adverse shifts in foreign exchange rates and trade policies of foreign governments
- Costly regulatory requirements

My SWOT Analysis –
Strengths

1) Communication skills
2) Ability to face hardcore situations
3) Constant efforts
4) Knowledge of Market
5) knowledge of Customer
6) Network Channels
7) Innovations

Weaknesses
1) Disturbance due to work interference.
2) Improper time management
3) Limited knowledge of current market
4) Lack of up to date knowledge of Marketing issues

Opportunities

1) Use of new special applications of work

2) Ability to face hardcore targets
3) Proper growth
4) Growing trend and customer base
Threats
1) Change in Plans
2) Inability to work under unessential conditions.
3) Competitors effect on work
4) Personal strain