1 2

,
( 11 21 , , 510420;
11 , , 350007)

[ ] ; ; ; ;
[ ] ,
,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
, ,

[ ] H 030 [ ] A [ ] 1671- 5306 ( 2007) 02- 0046- 07

M em es and C omm un ication

X IE Chao-qun, H E Z -i ran
( 1121Center for L ingu istics and App lied Linguistics, Guangdong University of F oreign S tudies, Guangzhou,
Guangdong 510420, China; 11Co llege of Foreign Languages, Fuj ian N ormal University, Fuzhou,
F uj ian 350007, China )
K ey word s: m em es; communication; im itation; fram es; interest
Abstrac t: T his a rtic le argues that m em e is the core concept o f m eme theory, that im itation is a t the heart of the
-m eme. notion and tha tm em es a re rep licated, transm itted and deve loped by means of im itation. M em etic phenom e-
na are v irtually pervasive, any idea, utterance and act may be potentia lly m em etic and language is no exception.
M em es, embedded in language, a re stored in hum an m ind in the form of fram es and m ay be ac tivated any tim e. In
language inte raction, the re m ay ex ist liv ing and dead m em es, and the process of language cho ice and language use is
one in wh ich va rious kinds of m em es com pe te aga inst each o ther. Besides, language users seem, thanks to the im ita-
tive nature o f hum an m ind, able to construc t new language m em es and transm it the m eanings h idden beh ind them. It
is a rgued at the end that, comm un ica tive success, seen from the pe rspectiv e of the speaker, depends not on ly upon
whe ther the hearer co rrectly recognizes the pragm atic intention h idden beh ind the log ical fo rm, but a lso upon w he ther

[ ] 2007- 04- 16
[ ] ( 1973- ), , ,
, , ( 1937- ),
, , ,

# 46#
 2007 2

the heare rps subsequent response or action sa tisfies the interest o f the speaker.

11
1976, R ichard Daw kins 5
6 ( T he Selfish M em e)
[ 1]
, , Dawk in s ( 1976)
,
Dawk in s ( m em e) , ,
, ,
, , , ,
,
, , ,
, , /

- . - . , - . 0
, , (
[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6]
Aunger, 2001 /2002 ; Dawk in s, 2006 ; D istin, 2005 ; X ie, 2007 ; X ie et a.l ,
[ 7] [ 8]
2005 ), (, 2005 ;
[ 9] [ 10] [ 11 ]
, 2003 ; , 2007 ; , 2006 )
,

21

Dawk in s,
[ 1] ( P206)
,
[ 12] ( P 109 ) [ 13 ] ( P 66)
, ( Dawk in s, 1982) B lackm ore ( 1999)
, / ,
- . - . , 0,
2004, 82
28,
81: ,
/ 0, ,
2005 7 10, / 36

m eme , / 0 ,
/ 0 mem e / 0, ,
, , / 0
m eme ,
5 6 / 0
# 47#


0 , 24, 700
, , :
, , , / 0 /
0, , , ,
, , ,
, ,
, / 0 / 0 (, 2002)
[ 14] ( P104)

, , , ,
, ; ,
, ,
, , :
; ; ; ;
; ; ;
; ; ;
; ;
18 / , ? 0
, / @ @ @, @ @ @ 0:
, ?
/ 0 , ?
, ?
/ 0 , ?
[ 15]
Spencer Johnson ( 1998) Who M oved My Cheese? ,
, :
W ho M oved M y T ruth?
W ho m oved m y love?
W ho M oved M y Cook ie?
W ho M oved M y Data?
The Body: W ho M oved M y Cheeks?
W ho M oved M y Cheese? 2001, 5
? 6 , ,
2005 7 7 , / ( ) , ,? 0,
1, 690, 000 5 6
:
? / 0
:
, ?
/ 0?
,
# 48#
 2007 2

,
/ - . ? 0 / 0 ,
/ 0
, ,
, / 0 ( / 0
) / 0 ( / 0 )
, , / 0 /
0 , / 0, ,
, , : ,
,
: ( ) / 0,
( ) / 0, ( ) / 0
, ,
/ 0, / 0 ;
,
: / ? 0 / ? 0
, , :
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
, ,

, , ,
[ 12]
, ,
Dawk in s: / ,
0 , / 0
[ 4] ( P 201 )

, / 0
[ 10] ( P37)

31

, , ( )
: / , ,
0 , , ,
, , , , /
, , 0 ( , 1998)
[ 16] ( P21)
,

, ,
[ 17 ] [ 18]
, ( B artlet,t 1932 ; M insky, 1975 )
, :

5 6 2001 5
# 49#


( 1) A: , ?
B: , ,
A: ?
B: , ,
( 2) (, )
: ( )
: ,
( 1) B / 0 / 0, ( 2) / 0
/ 0, ,
( 2) , , ,
,
( 3) A: ?
B:
A:
B: ,
B: ,
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B: , 88
A: 88
( 4) A: , , , ,
,
B: ,
( 3) / 0 ( 4) / 0 /
0 / 0,
, ,
( 5) ( 6):
( 5) A: ,
B: ?
A: ? ?
B:
( 6) A: , ?
B: ,

,
# 50#
 2007 2

A: ,
C:
A: ,
( 5) / 0 20 / 0
( The B eatles, / 0) , / 0 / 0
( 6) A / 0 / 0 , ,
, ,
, ( 7) ( 8) :
( 7) ,
( 8) ,
( 7) / 0 / 0,
/ 0 / 0 ( 8) / 0 / 0 ,
/ 0 , ,
, , ,
/ 0, ( , 1994)
[ 19] ( P 645 )

[ 20]
( M e ltzo ff P rin z, 2002) , ,
, / 0
[ 13] ( P3 )

, ,
, ,
; ,
, , ,

,
[ 21] ( P23) [ 22 ] ( P 3)
( Sperber W ilson, 1995) Recanati ( 2004)
[ 23] ( P19)
, , Gauker ( 2003) ,
,
,
, :
, , ;
, , / rece iv e0 / ac-
cept0 ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,

, , , ,

# 51#


/ ,
0

41

, ,
, ,
, ,
, , ( B lack-
[ 24]
m ore, 2007) , ,
,
[ 10] ( P38)
,

,
, ,
,

[ ]
[ 1] D aw kins, R1T he S elfish Gene [M ]. N ew Y o rk: O x ford U niversity P ress, 1976.
[ 2] A ung er, R1 ( ed1 ) 1D arw iniz ing Cu lture: The Status of M em etics as a Science [ C]. O x ford: Ox ford U niver-
sity P ress, 2001.
[ 3] Aunge r R1T he E lectric M em e: A N ew Theory of H ow W e T hink [M ]. N ew Y o rk: F ree P ress, 2002.
[ 4] D aw kins, R1The Self ish G ene: 30th A nniver sary Ed ition [M ] . O x fo rd: O x fo rd U n ive rsity P ress, 2006.
[ 5] D istin, K1T he S elfish M em e [M ]. Cambr idg e: C ambr idg e U n iversity P ress, 2005.
[ 6] X ie, C1Controversies about po liteness [ A ]. InM1D asca l& H1Chang ( eds1 ) , T rad itions of Controver sy [ C].
Am sterdam: John B en jam ins, 2007.
[ 7] X ie, C1, Z1H e , D1L in1 Po liteness: M y th and truth [ J]. Studies in Language, 2005, ( 29): 431- 461.
[ 8] . [ J]. , 2005, ( 6): 54- 64.
[ 9] , . [ J]. , 2003, ( 2) : 200- 209.
[ 10] , . [ J] . , 2007, ( 1): 30- 39.
[ 11] , . # # [ J]. , 2006, ( 3) : 151- 156.
[ 12] D awk ins, R1T he Ex tended Pheno typ e [M ]. Ox ford: Ox ford U niversity P ress, 1982.
[ 13] B lackmo re, S1T heM em eM ach ine [M ]. O x fo rd: O x fo rd U n ive rsity P ress, 1999.
[ 14] . [M ]. : , 2002.
[ 15] Johnson, S1W ho M oved M y Cheese? A n Am az ing W ay to D eal w ith Change in Your W ork and in Your Life
[M ] . London: Putnam, 1998.
[ 16] . [M ] . . : , 1998.
[ 17] Bartle tt, F1C1R em em ber ing [M ]. Cam bridge: Cam bridge U nivers ity P ress, 1932.
[ 18] M insky, M1A fram ework for represen ting know ledge [ A ] 1 In P1H1W inston ( eds1 ) 1The P sychology of
Comp uter V ision [ C] . N ew Y o rk: M cG raw-H il,l 1975. ( 62 )
# 52#
 / + 0

0 , , / + 0 ,
; / + 0 ,
) ) )
, , ,
, , / 0 ,
,
/ 0 , , ;
[ 7]
( , 2005) ,
[ 8]
( , 2005) , ,
, / + 0

[ ]
[ 1] . [M ]. : , 2003.
[ 2] . [ A ]. . [ C ]. : . 1996.
[ 3] . [ J]. , 2002, ( 2).
[ 4] . [M ]. : , 2003.
[ 5] . [M ]. : , 1998.
[ 6] . [ J]. , 2007, ( 1).
[ 7] . [ A ] . . [ C]. :
, 2005.
[ 8] . [ A ]. . [ C ] . :
, 2005.

= >

( 52 )
[ 19] 1 ( 9 ) [ M ] ( ). : , 1994.
[ 20] M e ltzo f,f A1N1, W 1P rinz ( eds1 ) 1T he Im itative M ind: D evelopm ent, Evolution, and Brain Bases [ C ].
Cam bridge: Cambr idge U n iversity P ress, 2002.
[ 21] Sperber, D1, D1W ilson1R elevance: Communication and Cogn ition [M ]. O x ford: B lackwe l,l 1995.
[ 22] R ecana t,i F1T he L iteral M eaning [M ]. Cambr idge: Cam bridge U n ive rs ity P ress, 2004.
[ 23] G auker, C1W ords w ithout M eaning [M ] . Cam bridge: M IT P ress, 2003.
[ 24] , , Susan B lackm ore. [ J]. , 2007, ( 3) 11- 15.

= >

# 62#