INTRAVENOUS (IV) FLUID THERAPY

- It essential when clients are unable to take food and fluid orally.

- It is an efficient and effective method of supplying fluids directly into the intravascular fluid
compartment and replacing electrolyte losses.

- IVF therapy is usually ordered by the physician.

CLASSIFICATIONS:

ISOTONIC SOLUTION- having the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. Isotonic
solutions are often used to restore vascular volume.
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION- has a greater concentration of solutes than plasma.
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION- has a lesser concentration of solutes.

TYPE PURPOSE NSG. RESPONSIBILITIES

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

-0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
-Lactated Ringers (a
balanced electrolyte
solution)
-NS and lactated Ringers
initially remain in the vascular
compartment, expanding
vascular volume.
-Caution must be exercised in the
administration of parenteral fluids.
-Assess clients carefully for signs of
hypervolemia such as bounding
pulse and shortness of breath.

-5% dextrose in water
(D5W)
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
-D5W on initial administration
but provides free water when
dextrose is metabolized,
expanding intracellular and
extracellular fluid volumes.
-D5W is avoided in clients at risk for
increased intracranial pressure (IICP)
because it can increase cerebral
edema.

-0.45% NaCl (half normal
saline)
-0.33% NaCl (one-third
normal sline)
-Hypotonic solutions are used to
provide free water and treat
cellular dehydration. These
solutions promote waste
elimination by the kidneys.
-Caution must be exercised in the
administration of parenteral fluids
-Do not administer to clients at risk
for IICP or third-space fluid shift.

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

-5% dextrose in normal
saline (D5NS)
-5% dextrose in 0.45%
NaCl (D5 1/2NS)
-5% dextrose in lactated
Ringers (D5LR)
-Hypertonic solutions draw fluid
out of the intracellular and
interstitial compartments into the
vascular compartment,
expanding vascular volume.
-For persons needing extra
calories who cannot tolerate
fluid overload.
-Caution must be exercised in the
administration of parenteral fluids
-Do not administer to clients with
kidney or heart disease or clients
who are dehydrated.
-Watch for signs of hypervolemia.
-Solution containing dextrose should
be used with caution.
-Discard unused portion