International Journal of Theoretical & Applied Sciences, 5(1): 9-13(2013)

ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1718

ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3247
Complex Order Distribution and Caputo Fractional Derivatives
ISSN No. (Print) : 0975-1718of the I-Function

ISSN No. (Online) : 2249-3247 Dr. Arif M. Khan

Department of Mathematics,
Jodhpur Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jodhpur, (RJ), India
(Received 05 November, 2012, Accepted 02 December, 2012)

ABSTRACT: The concept of complex order-distribution & conjugated differ integrals was
developed by Adams, Hartley & Lorenzo [1]. The present paper deals with the complex order-
distribution using conjugated differintegrals of the I-Function. These conjugate-order differ integrals
involving the I-Function allows the generalization of fractional system identification to enables the
search for complex order-derivatives that may better describe real-time behaviors involving special
functions. Further Caputo fractional derivative of I-function also obtained. Due to generous nature
of I-function, this paper may have vast applications in signal processing & electrical systems.
Keywords: Fractional-order systems, complex order distributions, I-function, conjugated-order
differintegrals, Caputo fractional derivatives.
2000 AMS Subject Classification: 26A33, 44A20, 44XX, 46F12

I. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS The aim of this paper is the development of

complex order differ integrals which yield purely
Order distributions were introduced by Hartley &
real time-response and construct Caputo fractional
Lorenzo as the continuum extension of collections
derivatives of the I-function.
of fractional order operators for real or non real
The I-function which was introduced by Saxena
orders. The idea of conjugate-order differintegrals
[9] is an extension of Fox's H-function. On
is utilized to ensure that only real time responses
specializing the parameters, I-function can be
are considered, while using complex order
reduced to almost all the known as well as
distributions.
unknown special functions.
Fractional operators for non integers real or
complex have been studied by few [5, 7].
Definition 1.1: The definition of I-function given by Saxena [9] is as follows:
I(z) = I m, n [z]
pi , qi : r
(a j , j )1,n (a ji , ji ) n +1,pi
I m, n
p i , q i : r (b j , j )1,m (b ji , ji ) m +1, q i
= Z

t (s) z
1 s ds
= ... (1.1)
2 i
C
m n
(b j j s) (1 a j + j s)
j =1 j =1
where t (s) =
r qi pi

(1 b j + ji s ) (a ji ji s )
i =1 j = m +1 j = n +1

pi (i = 1, 2, ..... r), q i (i = 1, 2, .....r), m, n are integers satisfying 0 n pi, 0 m qi (i = 1, 2, ..... r) r is
finite i, i, ji, ji are real and positive and aj, bj, aji, bji are complex numbers such that j (bh + v) j (ah
1 k) with all necessary conditions for existence as given by Saxena [9].
 Khan 10
Definition 1.2: Euler transform of the I-function can easily be established using result given by Srivastava
[10]
( ) m ,n +1 (,1)(a j , j )(a ji , ji )
y (x y )
x 1
I mpi ,,nqi ;r [ y]dy = I pi +1,qi +1;r x ... (1.2)
x (b j , j )(b ji , ji )(,1)
0

with the convergence conditions [10].

Definition 1.3: Laplace transform of an I-function given by Vaishya, Jain & Verma [11]
(,1)(a j , j )(a ji , ji )

0
e x x I mpi ,,nq i ;r [x ]dx = 1I mpi ,+n1+,q1i ;r
(b j , j )(b ji , ji )
... (1.3)

where Ra ( ) > 0

II. COMPLEX DIFFER INTEGRALS OF I-FUNCTION

f ( ) = ( )

If I mpi ,,nq i ;r [ ] ... (2.1)
th
then its q order fractional integral is defined as
g(t) = d t q f ( )
0
(Let q = )
( )
g(t) = 0 d t f ( )
1

t
g(t) = ( t ) 1 f ( )d
( ) 0

1

t
g(t) = ( t ) 1 I mpi ,,nqi ;r [ ]d
( ) 0

By using (1.2) we get

1 (,1)(a j , j )(a ji , ji )
d t ( ) f ( ) = I mpi ,+n1+,q1i +1;r t ... (2.2)
(b j , j )(b ji , ji )(,1)
0
t
In general the complex differintegral for f() given by (2.1) is defined as
q ( u + iv )
g1 (t) = 0 d t f ( ) = 0 d t ( )
Laplace transform of g1 (t) is given by Kober [6]
L[g1 ( t )] = G1 (s) = s u +iv F(s) = s u s iv F(s)
u iv log e s
= s e F(s) ... (2.3)
where F(s) = L[f()]

F(s) = 0
e s I mpi ,,nqi ;r [ ]d
By Using (1.3)
1 (1,1)(a j , j )(a ji , ji )
F(s) = s 1I mpi ,+n1+,q1i ;r ... (2.4)
s (b j , j )(b ji , ji )
where, Re(s) > 0
From (2.3)
G1(s) = s u [cos(v log s ) + i sin (v log s )]F(s) ... (2.5)

III. CONJUGATED ORDER DIFFERINTEGRALS

The conjugated order fractional integral may be expressed for negative real order as
g ( t )= 0 d t q ( u , v ) f ( t ) = 0 d t ( u + iv ) f ( t )+ 0 d t ( u iv ) f ( t )
with the Laplace transform given by
[ ] (
L[g ( t )] = L 0 d t q ( u , v ) f ( t ) = s ( u +iv ) + s ( u iv ) F(s) ) ... (3.1)
 Khan 11

= [
s u s iv + s iv F(s) ]
[
u iv log s
= s e + e iv log s F(s) ]
= s [2 cos(v log s )][F(s)]
u

Now taking inverse Laplace to both side

[{
g( t ) = L1 s ( u +iv ) + s ( u iv ) F(s) } ]
(a , )(a , )
g ( t ) = 2 t u cos( v log t ) I mpi ,,nq i ;r t j j ji ji ... (3.2)
(b j , j )(b ji , ji )
since
(1,1)(a j , j )(a ji , ji )
L1 s 1I mp i ,+n1+, 1q i ; r s 1
(b j , j )(b ji , ji )

m ,n
= t I p i ,q i ;r ( t )
Hence by (3.2) the conjugated differintegral has purely real time response.
Likewise, the complementary conjugated differintegral is define has
g ( t ) = 0 d qt ( u , v ) f ( t ) = 0 d qt f ( t ) 0 d qt f ( t )
= 0 d ut +iv f ( t ) 0 d ut iv f ( t )
Representing in Laplace domain
[ ] (
L[g ( t )] = L 0 d qt ( u , v ) f ( t ) = = s u +iv s u iv F(s) )
u
= 2i s sin( v log s) F(s)
which is purely imaginary operator.

IV. COMPLEX ORDER DISTRIBUTION DEFINITION

Adams, Hartley & Lorenzo [1] defined the complex order distribution as
h(t)

{
k (u , v) 0 d ut + iv f ( t ) dudv } ... (4.1)
The equation can be Laplace transformed as

H(s) k (u , v)s u +iv F(s)dudv

(1,1)(a j , j )(a ji , ji )
H(s) k (u , v) s u +iv s 1I mpi ,+n1+,q1i ;r s 1
(b j , j )(b ji , ji )
dudv ... (4.2)


A. Blockwise constant complex order-distribution
Let consider complex order-distribution that are constant intensity, k symmetric about the real axis
from u u to u + u and from iv to +iv.
So from (4.2)
H(s) =
v u + u

v u u
[ ]
k s u + iv s 1I mpi ,+n1+,q1i ;r s 1 dudv

H(s) =
v u

v u
k s u + w + iv s 1I mpi ,+n1+,q1i ;r [s ]dwdv
1

where u = w u
du = dw
H(s) = k s u + 1 I mpi ,+n1+,q1i ;r s 1 [ ]
v u

v u
s w s iv dwdv

H(s) = k s u + 1 I mpi ,+n1+,q1i ;r [s 1

] e
v

v
iv log s
dv
u

u
e w log s dw
 Khan 12

[ ] sin hlog
H(s) = 4k s u + 1 I mpi ,+n1+,q1i ;r s 1
(su log s) sin (sv log s)
s

log s
.

V. CAPUTO FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVES OF THE I-FUNCTION

Lorenzo and Hartley (LH) [5] have discussed the following initialization of Riemann-Liouville Fractional
Differintegral

d t q f ( t ) =
1 t
(t )q1 f ( )d, t > a ... (5.1)
(q )
a
a

and
the generalized fractional derivative
D t v f ( t )= c d t v f ( t ) + (f , v, a , c, t ), v 0
c ... (5.2)
t>ca & f(t) = 0 for all t a

Where, (f , v, a , c, t ) = (t )v1 f ( )d .
1

c
...(5.3)
v a

The Caputo fractional derivative defined by [3] as

1
(t )m1 f m ( )d .
t
c
d t f ( t ) = (m 1 < < m) ... (5.4)
(m )
a
a

Further Achar, Lorenzo and Hartley [8] given following relation

t f ( 0) d
c
0 D t f ( t )= 0 d t f ( t ) + + (f ,(1 ), a ,0, t ) t>0 ... (5.5)
(1 ) dt
In this section we try to construct an above relation for I-function
Let f () is given by (2.1)

0
d
D t f ( t ) =
dt
{
(1 )
0 dt f ( t ) + (f ,(1 ), a ,0, t ) }
d 1
(t ) I mpi ,,nqi ;r [ ]d
t

0 D t f (t) =
dt 1 0
d 1
(t ) I mpi ,,nqi ;r [ ]d
dt 1 a
0
+ ... (5.6)

d 2 +1 m ,n +1 (,1)(a j , j )(a ji , ji )
= t I pi +1,q i +1;r t
dt (b j , j )(b ji , ji )(2 1,1)
d
dt
+ (
I mpi ,,nqi ;r [ ],(1 ), a ,0, t , ) t>0

2 m ,n + 2 (,1)(2 1,1)(a j , j )(a ji , ji )

0 D t f (t) = t I p i + 2 ,q i + 2 ; r t
(b j , j )(b ji , ji )(2 1,1)(2,1)
( )
+ I mpi ,,nqi ;r ( ),(1 ), a ,0, t , t>0 ... (5.7)
Comparing above result with equation (5.5) we get an interesting result
(,1)(2 1,1)(a j , j )(a ji , ji ) t f (0)
c
d t f ( t ) = t 2 I mpi ,+n2+,q2i + 2;r t
(b j , j )(b ji , ji )(2 1,1)(2,1) (1 )
0

... (5.8)
where 0 < < 1
which is Caputo fractional derivative of function involving I-function
 Khan 13

VI. CONCLUSIONS [2]. Abromowitz M, Stegun IA (1964). Handbook

of Mathematical Functions, Dover, New York.
Conjugated order differintegrals with I-function
[3]. Caputo M. (1969). Elasticita e Dissipazione.
have been defined in the time-domain and their
Zanichelli, Bologna.
Laplace transforms obtained. The conjugated order
[4]. Caputo M. (1967). Linear Model of dissipation
differintegrals discussed in the paper allows the use
whose Q is almost frequency independent II.
of complex order operators while retaining real
Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 13: 529539.
time responses.
[5]. Hartley, T.T., orenzo CF (2003). Fractional
Further complex order distribution involving I-
system identification based continuous order-
function introduced and block wise constant
distributions, Signal Processing, 83: 22872300.
complex order distribution presented in the Laplace
[6]. Kober H (1941). On a theorem of shur and on
domain.
fractional integrals of purely imaginary order, J.
From this study of complex order distributions
Am. Math. Soc. 50.
involving I-function we can better describe the
[7]. Lorenzo CF, Hartley TT (2002). Variable order
behavior of some real dynamic systems. In final
and distributed order fractional operators, J.
section paper addresses the Caputo fractional
Nonlinear Dyn., Spec. J. Fract. Calc. 29(1-4): 201-
derivatives of the I-function that has vast
233.
applications to solution of fractional differential
[8]. Narahari Achar, B.N., Lorenzo, C.F. and
equation.
Hartley T.T. (2007). The Caputo fractional
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