LEARN HOW TO READ TYRE SPECIFICATIONS

The sidewall of tyre provides the information about the tyre including the
specifications, the brand, etc. All the codes on tyres are standardized and
recognized by all tyre manufacturers worldwide

Meaning of codes marked on tyres:

1. Tyre width (in mm)
2. Aspect Ratio
3. Rim Diameter (in inches)
4. Load Index
5. Speed rating
Specifications of tyre marked on sidewall on above image as 235/45R17 97W
The 235 indicates the section width of the tyre in millimeters.
The 45 tells the profile of the tyre, or the width of the tyre compared to its
height. It is expressed in percentage. (45%, in this case).
The R17 indicates the size (in inches) of the wheel rim to which the tyre is
designed to be fitted.
The 97 indicates the tyres load index, and
The W denotes the speed rating.
Load Index:
Load index corresponds to the load capacity . Commonly chosen load index values
of automobiles are shown below in image.
Speed Rating:
The Speed rating of a tyre is the maximum speed at which the tyre can carry a
load corresponding to its load index is an assigned letter ranging from J to Z that
corresponds to the reference maximum speed at the associated load index. Refer
to the speed rating table below.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FORGING AND CASTING

Casting and forging are both industrial processes of metal forming and shaping.
Different process used in different conditions. The main difference between
casting and forging is that the metal is compulsory to heat and convert
into liquid stage in casting but in forging metal is converted into desire shape by
applying pressure with or without applying heat. If the metal is preheated into
forging it does not convert into liquid stage. But before differentiate this both
terms; you have to know about what is casting and what is forging.

Forging vs Casting:
What is casting?

Casting is a process in which metal is heated until molten stage and pour this
liquid metal into a mold or cavity where it is allow solidifying. This process
converts the metal into desire shape. It is useful to make complex structure. Most
of the industrial structures parts are like lathe machine bed, milling machine bed
make big base of other machinery part, IC engine components etc. are made by
this process.

Advantages of Casting
This process can form very large structure which is impossible to form by
other process.
It can make any complex and unsymmetrical structure.
The structure formed by this process has high compressive strength.
It can attain wide range of properties.
This process can attain high accuracy.

What is forging?

On the other hand forging is the process of converting metal into desire shape by
applying pressure and with or without heat. When the metal is heated before
applying pressure the process is called hot forging. In forging metal is heated
before below critical temperature or below molten stage. Rolling, pressing, Wire
drawing etc. is various types of forging. All sheets, small component, wire etc are
formed by this process.

Advantages of Forging:
It produces tougher product compare to other.
The product made by forging has high impact or tensile strength.