مدونة الانشاءات الفولاذية 305 2014

1/1 : 1
1/1 1-1
1/1 2-1
1/1 1/2-1
1/1 2/2-1
1/1 1/2/2-1
1/1 2/2/2-1
1/1 3-1
1/1 1/3-1
2/1 2/3-1
2/1 1/2/3-1
2/1 2/2/3-1
3/1 3/3-1 )( )(
3/1 4/3-1 ) (
3/1 5/3-1
3/1 6/3-1
4/1 4-1
4/1 1/4-1
4/1 2/4-1
5/1 3/4-1
5/1 1/3/4-1 LRFD
6/1 2/3/4-1 ASD
6/1 4/4-1
7/1 5-1
7/1 1/5-1
8/1 2/5-1
9/1 3/5-1
..305 . 14352014/

9/1 6-1
10/1 7- 1
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4/2 4-2
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4/2 2/2/4-2
4/2 3/2/4-2
4/2 1/3/2/4-2
5/2 2/3/2/4-2
5/2 5-2
5/2 1/5-2
5/2 1/1/5-2
5/2 2/1/5-2
5/2 3/1/5-2
6/2 4/1/5-2
6/2 5/1/5-2
6/2 6/1/5-2
6/2 2/5-2
10/2 3/5-2
10/2 6-2
10/2 7-2
14352014/ ..305 .

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5/3 1/1/2-3
6/3 2/1/2-3
6/3 3/1/2-3
6/3 1/3/1/2-3
7/3 2/3/1/2-3 )(
9/3 3/3/1/2-3
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1/4 1-4
2/4 2-4
2/4 3-4
2/4 1/3-4
3/4 2/3-4
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4/4 2/4-4
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1/5 1-5
1/5 1/1-5
1/5 2-5
..305 . 14352014/

2/5 3-5 -
3/5 4-5
3/5 1/4-5
4/5 2/4-5
6/5 5-5
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1/6 1-6
2/6 2-6
2/6 1/2-6
3/6 1/1/2-6 )(
5/6 2/1/2-6 )(
5/6 3/1/2-6 )(
6/6 4/1/2-6 )(
6/6 5/1/2-6
6/6 2/2-6
7/6 1/2/2-6
7/6 2/2/2-6
7/6 3/2/2-6
7/6 3/2-6
7/6 1/3/2-6
8/6 2/3/2-6
8/6 3/3/2-6
9/6 4/3/2-6
10/6 5/3/2-6
10/6 4/2-6
11/6 3-6
12/6 4-6
13/6 1/4-6
13/6 2/4-6
14352014/ ..305 .

13/6 3/4-6
14/6 4/4-6
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2/7 2-7
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2/7 2/2-7
4/7 3-7
5/7 4-7
6/7 5-7
6/7 1/5-7
6/7 1/1/5-7
6/7 2/1/5-7
7/7 3/1/5-7
7/7 2/5-7
7/7 1/2/5-7
7/7 2/2/5-7
8/7 3/2/5-7
8/7 4/2/5-7
8/7 5/2/5-7
1/8 : 8
1/8 1-8
1/8 2-8
2/8 1/2-8
2/8 2/2-8
..305 . 14352014/

4/8 1/2/2-8 Cm
5/8 3-8
6/8 4-8
6/8 1/4-8
6/8 2/4-8
6/8 3/4-8
7/8 5-8
8/8 1/5-8
9/8 2/5-8
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1/9 1-9
1/9 1/1-9
1/9 1/1/1-9
1/9 2/1/1-9
2/9 2/1-9
2/9 2-9
2/9 1/2-9
2/9 1/1/2-9
2/9 2/1/2-9
3/9 3/1/2-9
3/9 2/2-9
5/9 3-9
5/9 1/3-9
6/9 2/3-9
7/9 3/3-9
7/9 4/3-9
8/9 4-9
8/9 1/4-9
8/9 2/4-9
14352014/ ..305 .

9/9 3/4-9
9/9 4/4-9
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10/9 2/5/4-9

11/9 3/5/4-9

11/9 6/4-9
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12/9 1/6-9
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2/10 2/4/1-10
3/10 3/4/1-10
..305 . 14352014/

3/10 5/1-10
4/10 6/1-10
4/10 7/1-10
4/10 8/1-10 )(
5/10 9/1-10 )(
5/10 1/9/1-10
5/10 2/9/1-10
5/10 10/1-10 )(
5/10 11 /1-10 )(
6/10 2-10
7/10 1/2-10
7/10 1/1/2-10
8/10 2/1/2-10
8/10 2/2-10
8/10 1/2/2-10
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11/10 7/2/2/2-10
11/10 3/2-10
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11/10 2/3/2-10
11/10 4/2-10
13/10 5/2-10
13/10 6/2-10
14352014/ ..305 .

15/10 7/2-10
15/10 8/2-10
16/10 3-10 )(
16/10 1/3-10 )(
17/10 2/3-10
17/10 1/2/3-10
18/10 2/2/3-10
18/10 3/2/3-10
18/10 4/2/3-10
18/10 3/3-10
19/10 4/3-10
19/10 5/3-10
19/10 6/3-10
22/10 7/3-10
22/10 8/3-10 )(
23/10 1/8/3-10
24/10 2/8/3-10
24/10 9/3-10
24/10 1/9/3-10
24/10 2/9/3-10
24/10 10/3-10 )(
25/10 11/3-10
26/10 4-10
26/10 1/4-10
26/10 2/4-10
27/10 3/4-10
27/10 4/4-10
28/10 5-10
28/10 6-10
..305 . 14352014/

28/10 7-10
29/10 8-10
30/10 9-10
1/11 : 11
1/11 1-11
1/11 1/1-11
2/11 2/1-11
3/11 3/1-11
4/11 4/1-11
5/11 5/1-11
8/11 6/1-11
8/11 7/1-11
11/11 8/1-11
11/11 9/1-11
13/11 10/1-11
13/11 2-11
14/11 3-11
24/11 4-11
24/11 5-11
25/11 6-11
25/11 1/6-11 )(I
26/11 2/6-11
26/11 3/6-11 )(
1/12 : 12
1/12 1-12
1/12 2-12
1/12 1/2-12
1/12 1/1/2-12
2/12 2/1/2-12
14352014/ ..305 .

3/12 1/2-12
3/12 1/1/2-12
3/12 2/2/2-12
4/12 3/2/2-12
4/12 4/2/2-12
4/12 5/2/2-12
4/12 3/2-12
5/12 3-12
6/12 4- 12
7/12 5-12
7/12 6-12
7/12 7-12
7/12 8-12
1/13 :13
1/13 1-13
1/13 2-13
1/13 1/2-13
2/13 2/2-13
2/13 3/2-13
2/13 4/2-13
3/13 5/2-13 )(
4/13 6/2-13
4/13 7/2-13
5/13 8/2-13
5/13 9/2-13
5/13 10/2-13
5/13 11/2-13
6/13 3-13
6/13 1/3-13
..305 . 14352014/

7/13 2/3-13
7/13 3/3-13
7/13 4/3-13
7/13 5/3-13
8/13 4-13
8/13 1/4-13
8/13 2/4-13
8/13 3/4-13
8/13 4/4-13
9/13 5/4-13
9/13 6/4-13
9/13 7/4-13
10/13 5-13
10/13 1/5-13
10/13 2/5-13
10/13 3/5-13
10/13 4/5-13
11/13 5/5-13 )(

11/13 6/5-13

1/ :
1/ 1-
1/ 1/1-
1/ 2/1-
3/ 3/1 -
1/ :
1/ 1-
1/ :
14352014/ ..305 .

1/ 1-
2/ 2-
2/ 1/2-
3/ 2/2-
4/ 3-
4/ 1/3-
5/ 2/3-
5/ 3/3-
5/ 4/3-
7/ 5/3-
7/ 6/3-
1/ :
1/ 1-
1/ 2-
1/ 3-
1/ 4-
1/ 5-
1/ :
1/ 1-
1/ :
1/ 1-
1/ 1/1-
2/ 2- )(
1/ :
1/ :
..305 . 14352014/
1
)(General Provisions
1-1 )(Aim
2-1 )(Limits of Applicability
1/2-1 )(Structural Steel Definition
2/2-1 )(Types of Construction
1/2/2-1 )(Rigid or Continuous Frame

). (Intersecting members
2/2/2-1 )(Simple Frame
3-1 )(Materials
1/3-1 )(Structural Steel

" .
.
1/1 14352014/ ..305 .
"
.
.

) (572
.
2/3-1 )(Steel Casting and Forgings
1/2/3-1 )(Steel Casting
-:
- Gr 65-35
- Gr 80-50
.

)(1852
2/2/3-1 )(Steel Forgings
:
F St 50 : -
) ( Shafts )(
) (500-560 N/mm2 .240 N/mm2
- F St 56 )(Normalized and Tempered
) (Levers
. ) 560 -
(630 N/mm2 .280 N/mm2
.
..305 . 14352014/ 2/1

(Bolts, Nuts and 3/3-1 )( ) (
)Washers
- )( )(
.
- )( 4.6 10.9
)( .
- )(

ASTM A563 ASTM A194 BS916 BS1083
BS4320. BS4395
- .
4/3-1 ) (
)(Anchor Bolts and Threaded Rods

ASTM ASTM A194ASTM A354 ASTM A36
A572 .ASTM F1554
5/3-1 )(Filler Metal and Flux for Welding

.
- .
- Electrode .
6/3-1 )(Stud Shear Connections
3/1 14352014/ ..305 .

4-1 )(Design Basis
)(LRFD
).(ASD
1/4-1 )(Required Strength

.5-1
) (Elastic analysis ) (Plastic analysis

.450 N/mm2
1/5-2
6
) (0.90
) (0.10 . )(Hybrid beams
.
) (0.10
. 0.15 Ag Fy
:
.mm2 :Ag
. N/mm2 :Fy
. :
2/4-1 )(Limit State
) (

.

.
..305 . 14352014/ 4/1

:

. :
.
3/4-1 )(Design for Strength
1/3/4-1 LRFD
LRFD

. LRFD
.
.
LRFD
]:[1,2
i Q i R n )(1/4-1
:
:i ) ...(
: Q i
: i Qi
: i Q i
: R n
5/1 14352014/ ..305 .

: R n
iQi ) (
R n
.

.

.5-1 Rn
.
2/1/3/4-1 ASD
ASD ) (Allowable strength design

) . (Allowable stress design
ASD ) Required
(strength ]:[1
Rn )(2/4-1
Ra

: Ra
: R n
: )( Particular limit state
4/4-1
)(Design for Serviceability and Other Considerations

. .12
..305 . 14352014/ 6/1

.
).. (301 . .
5-1 ) (Loads and Forces
1/5-1
)(Loads, Load Factors and Load Combinations
R E S W Lr L D :
. : D
:L
) ...(.
. : Lr
. :W
. :E
. :S
. :R

.
.

) (LRFD ]:[4,3,2
1.4 D )(1/5-1
)1.2 D+ 1.6 L+ 0.5(Lr or S or R )(2/5-1
)1.2 D+ 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (0.5L or 0.8W )(3/5-1
)1.2 D+ 1.3W+ 0.5L+0.5(Lr or S or R )(4/5-1
1.2 D 1.0E +0.5L+0.2S )(5/5-1
)0.9 D (1.3W or 1.0E )(6/5-1
7/1 14352014/ ..305 .

. ) +
+ (
.
L 1.0 ) (4/5-1) (3/5-1)(5/5-1

. 5 kN/m2
ASD
[4,3] :
D )(7/5-1
D+ L )(8/5-1
)D+ (Lr or S or R )(9/5-1
)D+ 0.75L+0.75(Lr or S or R )(10/5-1
)D (W or 0.7E )(11/5-1
)D 0.75(W or 0.70E) + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R )(12/5-1
)0.6 D (W or 0.70E )(13/5-1
2/5-1 )(Impact
)
(
"
.
[4]:
%100 -
%20 - ) (Shaft
- )(Reciprocating machinery
..305 . 14352014/ 8/1

%50
%33 - ) (Hangars
%25 -
%10 -
3/5-1 )(Crane Runway Horizontal Forces
%20
.

. %10
[4].
6-1 )(Referenced Codes and Standards

. :
-ASTM- A36 Standard Specification for Structural Steel.

-ASTM-A242 Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel.
-ASTM-A307 Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs (414) MPa Tensile Strength.
-ASTM-A325 High-Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints, Including Suitable Nuts
and Plain Hardened Washers.
-ASTM-A500 Standard Specification for Cold Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon
Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shape.
-ASTM-A563 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts.
-ASTM-A709 Structural Steel for Bridges.
- BS 916 Black Bolts, Screws and Nuts.
-BS 4320 Metal Washers for General Engineering Purposes.
-BS 639 Covered Electrodes for the Manual Metal-Arc Welding of Carbon and
Carbon Manganese Steels.
-BS 4620 Rivets for General Engineering Purposes.
9/1 14352014/ ..305 .

7-1 )(Design Documents
1/7-1 )(Plans

2/2-1

) (Shop drawings .
) (
.
) (Camber )(
.
2/7-1 )(Standard Symbols and Nomenclature

) (AWS .
.
3/7-1 )(Notation for Welding

.
)(References
[1] Specification for Structural Steel Buildings ; An American National Standard

ANSI/AISC 360-05, 1st Edition, 2005.
[2] Egyptian Code of Practice for Steel Construction (Load and Resistance Factor
Design LRFD); Permanent Committee for the Code of Practice for Steel
Construction and Bridges, Housing and Building National Research Center, 1st
Edition, 2008.
[3] Manual of Steel Construction ; American Institute of Steel Construction, AISC,

13th Edition ,2005.
..305 . 14352014/ 10/1

[4] International Building Code; International Code Council, JBC, 2nd edition, 2009.
[5] Manual of Steel Construction- Load and Resistance Factor Design; American
Institute of Steel Construction, AISC, 3rd Edition with Revisions. , 2003.
2014/1435 305 ...

11/1
2
)(Design Requirements
1-2 )(Gross Area
) (Ag
) (Thickness ) (Width "
[3,2,1] .
) (Angle " " .
2-2 )(Net Area
) (An
. :
1/2-2
)( ) (Bolt ) (Rivet "
)( " ).(2mm
2/2-2 ) (Slots ) (

) 2( /3-10
) (6.35s2 /g [3,2,1] :
:s ) (Pitch
) (Connectors )
(.
:g ) (Gage
.
1 /2 14352014/ ..305 .
) (g
) (gb , ga )(t
[3] :
g=g +g t )(1/2-2
) (Anc
.
) (Plug or Slot weld

.
3-2 )(Effective Net Area of Tension Members
) (Ae :
)(

.
)(

[4, 3] :
A = U. A )(1/3-2

[4, 3] :
A = U. A )(2/3-2
:
: A .(mm)
: A .(mm)
:U ) ( . ):(U
)) (W,M,S (
) (T
) (3 )( :
..305 . 14352014/ 2/2
U = 0.9 -
U=0.85 -

)( .U=0.70
U=0.6 - )(

U=0.8 - )(

)(Transverse weld

) (W,M,S "
) (T .
) (Plate ) (Longitudinal weld
" ): (U
(2 U=1.0 - ):
( 2 > U=0.87 - 1.5 ):
(1.5 > U=0.75 - ):
: .(mm)
: ) (.(mm)
)( (Gusset
) plates ) (Other fittings
) (1-4
) (0.85 .
3 /2 14352014/ ..305 .
4-2 )(Stability
1/4-2
.
(Second
).order effect
2/4-2 )(Frames Stability
1/2/4-2 )(Bracing of Structures
) (Lateral stability
) (
. "
.
2/2/4-2
[5] :
- )(
-
- "
[5] :
- )(
- 18 "
.
60
.30
3/2/4-2 )(Effective Length Factor) (K
1/3/2/4-2 ) (Braced Frames )(Joint Translation
)( ) (Trusses
2/2/4-2 ) (k
- ) ) (3/2-3 .( 3
..305 . 14352014/ 4/2

2/3/2/4-2 ) (Unbraced Frames
) (Bending stiffness
) (Rigid joints - ) )(3/2-3
- (3 ). (K
5-2 )(Local Buckling
1/5-2 )(Classification of Steel Sections
1/1/5-2 )[6,3] (Compact Section

. :
1/1/1/5-2 ) (Flanges ).(Web
2/1/1/5-2
).(1/5-2
2/1/5-2 )[6,3] (Non-Compact Section

) (Inelastic
.
:
1/2/1/5-2
.
2/2/1/5-2
) (1/5-2 .
3/1/5-2 )[6,3] (Slender Section
.
"
).(1/5-2
5 /2 14352014/ ..305 .
)[3,1] (Unstiffened Elements 4/1/5-2

:
1/4/1/5-2 ) (I )) (T ( ) (b"
.
2/4/1/5-2 ) (Z )) (C ( )(b
" .
3/4/1/5-2 ) (b
.
4/4/1/5-2 ) (T ) (d" .
)[3,1] (Stiffened Elements 5/1/5-2

:
) (Rolled ) (Built-up ) (Formed )(h -
" ) (.
) (d" -
) (.
) (b . -
6/1/5-2 ) (Tapered ][3,1
"
.
2/5-2 )(Design by Plastic Analysis
) (Plastic hinging
/
) (1/5-2 :
1/2/5-2 ) (Wide flange
) (Rectangular hollow structural sections
[2,1] :
..305 . 14352014/ 6/2

:1/5-2

)(3

)( )(Unstiffened
I C
375 / F y 170 / Fy b/t )(1

)(7) , (5 I
425 k c / FL 170 / Fy b/t

250 / Fy ) (6
------ b/t
)
)(2
(

) (6

286 k c / Fy ------ b/t
)
)(4
(
335 / Fy ) (6
------ d/t T
440 / Fy 170 / Fy b/t T

) (Struts
440 / Fy 170 / Fy b/t
) (Separators
) (Cross
)(Star shaped
400 / Fy 240 / Fy b/t
) (1 ) (Fyf
) (2
) (3 )( .
) (4 )(1/2-6
4
kC ) (5 kc
h / tw
) (6
) (7 FL FL 0.7 Fy
) (I
S S 0.7 ) (I
xt xc
7 /2 14352014/ ..305 .
1/5-2

)(3

FL Fy S S 0.5F ) (I
xt xc y
.S S 0.7
xt xc
)( )(Stiffened

625 / Fy 500 / Fy b/t
(Cover )plate
) (Diaphragm
.

2500 / Fy 1000 / Fy h/t

) (4
830 / Fy ------ b/t
) (Perforated ).(2

665 / Fy ------ h/tw ) (I .
)(I
2550 / Fy 1680 / Fy h/tw
).(C
h c 245 )(1 )(I
hp Fy .
2500 / Fy hc/tw
Mp 2 r
(0.54 ) 0.09
My
)(4 b/t
665 / Fy ------
h/tw .
:
D/t
22000 / Fy ---------- -
62000 / Fy 14000 / Fy -
) hc (1 ) (Center of Gravity hp
) .(Plastic Neutral Axis M )(Plastic Bending Moment
M ).(Yielding Bending Moment
) (2
) (3 )(
) (4
..305 . 14352014/ 8/2

- P / P 0.125 :
1680 2.75P
h t 1 )(1/5-2
F P

- P / P > 0.125 :
500 P 665
h t 2.33 )(2/5-2
F P F

:Pu .(N)
:Py .(N)
: .(0.9)
:Fy .(N/mm2)
:h t .
2/2/5-2 )
(
[2,1] :
660 h P
h t 1.00 + 2.83 1 )(3/5-2
F h P

:
3 h 3

4 h 2
3/2/5-2

:
420
b t )(4/5-2
F

4/2/5-2 [2,1] :
9000
D t )(5/5-2
F

9 /2 14352014/ ..305 .
:
:D ). (mm
3/5-2 ):(Slender Compression Elements
)(
.
6-2 )(Bracing at Supports
) (Girders ) (
.
7-2 )(Slenderness Ratio Limits
1/7-2 )(Compression Members
- ) (KL/r ).(180
][4
- ) (KL/r )
( )[4,1] .(200
2/7-2 )[7,4,1] (Tension Members
) (KL/r ) (300
) (Rods .

.
8-2 )(Simple Spans
)(
" .
..305 . 14352014/ 10/2

9-2 )(End Restrained

) (Full or partial end restrained "
) (cantilevers
) 4 5 (6
.
" )(Self-limiting
" .
10-2 )(Proportions of Girders and Beams
1/10-2 ) (Plate girders

) (Moment of inertia .
)(
[3,2] :
0.5F A 0.6F A )(1/10-2

:Afg ) (mm ).(1-2

:Afn ) (mm ).(2-2
:Fy .(N/mm2)
:Fu .(N/mm2)
[3,2] :
0.5F A < 0.6F A )(2/10-2

) (Afe [3,2] :
5F
= A A )(3/10-2
6F

11/2 14352014/ ..305 .

2/10-2 ) (Hybrid girders
) (2/7
) (0.15 Fy ) (Fy
.
[3,2] .
3/10-2
[3,2] .
4/10-2 )(
) (Cover plates ) (70% .
5/10-2 )(
.
)(
) (2-4 ) (4-5
. )(

[3,2] .
6/10-2 ) (Partial length cover plate

) .(Theoretical cut-off point
)(
) (2-10) (3-10)(3-11

[3,2] .
7/10-2 ) (6/10-2
) (a "
)"(a
..305 . 14352014/ 12/2

. )" (a" " [3,2] :
" )" (a
) (0.75 .
"
) (a ) (0.75 .
" ).(a
8/10-2 )[3,2] (Proportions of crane girders

.
11-2 )(Minimum thickness of plates
(Cold-Form )
) 5 (Sections.
) ( Gusset plates )(
8[4] .
1.5
) (Sheets 0.5[4] .
)(References
13th Edition ,2005.
" [3] "

. 2002
13/2 14352014/ ..305 .

Edition, 2008.
[5] Manual for the Design of Steelwork Building Structures to EC3; The Institution of
Structural Engineers, The Institution Of Civil Engineers, May 2000
[6]
.1999
[7] Saudi Building Code Steel Structural Requirements Commentary (SBC 306C) ;
The Saudi Building Code National Committee, 1st Edition, 2007.
305 ... 2014/1435 14/2

3

)(Frames and Other Constructions
.
1-3
) (P
) (P ) (1/1-3
.
) :(P
.
) :(P
.
:1/1-3 ) ( ) ( ) -(.
1/1-3 ) (Plastic Analysis

) (Mu ) (Second Order Plastic Analysis
).(2-3
2/1-3 ) (Elastic Analysis
) (Pu ) (Mu ) -(
) (Second Order Elastic Analysis
1 /3 14352014/ ..305 .

) (2/1-3 :
M = B M +B M )(a1/1-3
P =B P +P )(b1/1-3
:
: Mnt
) (kN.m ) 2/1-3(.
: Mlt )(kN.m
) 2/1-3(.
: Pnt )(kN
) 2/1-3(.
: Plt )(kN
) 2/1-3(.
Bl :B2 .
W3
'H3 W3
'H3 H3
H3
W2 W2
'H2
'H2 H2 H2
+ W1 = W1
'H1
'H1 H1 H1
)( )( )(
. :2/1-3
Cm
= B 1.0
P )(2/1-3
1P
200000 I )(3/1-3
= P = (A . F )/
)(KL
:
..305 . 14352014/ 2/3
:I .(m4 )
: ) (K 1
) (1/2-3 .
0.00223 KL )(4/1-3
= F
r
: r .(m)
: Pu .(kN)
: Cm
:
- :
M )(5/1-3
C = 0.60 0.40
M
:
:
.
) (Double curvature
).(Single curvature
- ) (Cm
:
-1 ).(0.85= Cm
-2 ).(1= Cm
1
= B 1
P oh )(6/1-3
1
H L
1
= B 1
P )(7/1-3
1
P
3 /3 14352014/ ..305 .
: P .(kN)
:oh .(m)
: H ).(kN) (
: L .(m)
: P .
: ) (K 1 c
) (2/2-3 .
: ) (B1 ) (2/1-3 ) (P-
) (Mnt . ) (B2
) (6/1-3 ) (7/1-3 ) (P
) (Mlt [3,2] .
3/1-3
) (1.2> B1 ).(1.5 > B2
4/1-3 ) (Mu
) -(
:
-1 ) -(
:
P
C = 1 + )(8/1-3
P
200000 . . I
= 1 )(9/1-3
M L
:
: ).(mm
:M0 ).(N.m
-2 ) -( ) (Cm
) ( ) (1/1-3 . ) (Cm
..305 . 14352014/ 4/3

. ) (Cm
) (1= Cm )[2] .(0.85= Cm
:1/1-3 ) ( ) (Cm .
Cm
1.0 0
1 0.4 -0.4
1 0.4 -0.4
1 0.2 -0.2
1 0.3 -0.3
1 0.2 -0.2
2-3
.

).(K
1/2-3 )(Slenderness Ratio
1/1/2-3
:
KL
= )(1/2-3
r
) (:
F
= 0.00223 )(2/2-3

:
: .
5 /3 14352014/ ..305 .
: K . ) (K
.
).(K=1
: L .
: r .
2/1/2-3 ) (Maximum Slenderness Ratio
)[4,3,2] .(1/2-3
:1/2-3 ) ( .

180
200
300
3/1/2-3 )(Effective Buckling Length Factor) (K

1/3/1/2-3 )(Individual Members
) (K ) (2/2-3
[3] .
:2/2-3 ) (K .
)(K

..305 . 14352014/ 6/3

2/3/1/2-3 )( )(Trusses
) (KL ) (3/2-3
.
:3/2-3 ) (KL .
L L 0.75 span

L L 1.2L

0.5L 0.75L L

L 0.8Ld -

)(k L 1.2L 1.5L

L L 1.2L

0.5L 0.75 + 0.25 0.9 + 0.3
)(K
: NS
: NL
)(
) (1/2-3 ) (K
)[1] .(0.75
7 /3 14352014/ ..305 .
U
KL= 0.75L
KL= 0.75L
L
U
:1/2-3 )( .
)( ) (U
) (1/2-3 ) (L
[1] :
)(3/2-3
L = 16.8 I . a. a
:
: Iy ) (Y Y ).(cm4) (2/2-3
: a ).(cm) (U
: ) :(U

) .(U
. [1] .(cm)
) (U
. .
) (U
:
d d B
= + )(4/2-3
6120 I 4080 I
..305 . 14352014/ 8/3

:
: d1
).(cm) (U
: d2
) .(cm) (U
: I1 ) (U
.(cm4)
: I2 .(cm4)
).(cm : B )(U
:2/2-3 )( ).(U
3/3/1/2-3
)( )(Braced Frames
(1 )(
) (K
) (1 .
) (Alignment chart ) (3/2-3 .
(2

)-3/3/1/2-3(.(4)-
9 /3 14352014/ ..305 .
(3

.
(4
)(
.
.
(5
) .(0.85c. Ag Fy
(6
.
)(Unbraced Frames ) (
(1
) (K .
) (Alignment Charts ) (3/2-3 .

. .
(2

)-3/3/1/2-3(.(4)-
(3
).(0.75c Ag Fy
) (
) (Effective Buckling length of columns in Rigid Frames
(1 ) (K
) (Alignment Chart ) .(3/2-3
) .(I / L
(2
.
..305 . 14352014/ 10/3

) .(Slope Deflection ) (3/2-3 ) (A ) (B
. ) (G [3] :
I L columns
=G )(5/2-3
I L girders
:
: G .
: ) (A ) (B
.
: I ) (A ) (B
).(mm4
: L ) ( ).(mm
(3 ) (5/2-3 ) 4/2-3( ) 4/2-3(
:
: ) (G )(
) (10 [3] .
: ) (G )(
) (1 [3] .
: ) (I / L .
) (1.5
) (hinge) (2 ).(Fixed
) ( c < 1.10
) (G ) [1] ( ).(5/2-3
) (0.50
) (hinge) (0.67 ).(Fixed
][4,1
11/3 14352014/ ..305 .

(4 ) (GA) (GB ) (K
) (GA ) (GB
[4,1] .
- _
:3/2-3 ) (Alignments charts

).(K
4/2-3 : ) (G .
GB GB=10 GB=1
..305 . 14352014/ 12/3

. : 4/2-3
( < 1.1 ) KL/r ( Bs) ( G)

.(5/2-3)
.( Bs) :5/2-3
0.10 0.20 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10
B 0.01 0.06 0.13 0.23 0.35 0.48 0.61 0.75 0.86 0.95 1.00
(References)
[1] Egyptian Code of Practice for Steel Construction (Load and Resistance Factor Design
LRFD) ;Permanent Committee for the Code of Practice for Steel Construction and
Bridges, Housing and Building National Research Center, 1st Edition, 2008.
[2] Saudi Building Code Steel Structural Requirements Commentary (SBC 306C) ; The
Saudi Building Code National Committee, 1st Edition, 2007.
[3] Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges ; American Institute of Steel
Construction, Inc. , 1st Edition, 2005.
13/3 2014/1435 305 ...
[4] " "
. 2002
..305 . 14352014/ 14/3

4
)(Tension Members
) (Prismatic members
.
) (Combined axial tension and flexure
) (Fatigue ) (2-8 ).(3-11
1-4 )(Tensile Strength
t Pn Pn / t

[1] .
1/1-4 :
P =F A )(1/1-4
t 0.9 LRFD ) [2] . t 1.67 ( ASD

2/1-4 :
P =F A )(2/1-4
t 0.75 LRFD ) . t 2.00 ( ASD

:
:Ae .(mm2)
:Ag .(mm2)
:Fy .(MPa)
:Fu .(MPa)

) (2/1-4 ) .(1-4
) (Plug ) (Slot
) . (2/1-4 ) (1-4
1 /4 14352014/ ..305 .
) (Rupture strength of block shear
) (4-10 ) (Threaded rods
)[3] .(3-10
2-4 )(Built-up Members
1/2-4
10-). (5/3-10
2/2-4
).(300
3/2-4 ) (Perforated cover Plates ) Tie

(Plates [4,2,1] .
4/2-4 )(
) (1/50 .
5/2-4 ).(150mm
6/2-4 ) (300
[5,2,1] .
3-4 )(Pin Connected Members
1/3-4 )(Tensile Strength
t Pn Pn / t
[1,2] :
1/1/3-4 :
P = 2tF b )(1/3-4
) t 0.75 LRFD , t 2.00 ( ASD
2/1/3-4 :
P = 0.6F A )(2/3-4
) sf 0.75 LRFD , sf 2.00 ( ASD
..305 . 14352014/ 2/4

:
Asf 2 t a d / 2
beff 2t 16
:Asf .(mm2)
:beff
.
:a
.(mm)
:d .(mm)
: t .(mm)
3/1/3-4 ) (Projected Area of Pin
). (8-10
4/1/3-4 ).(1/1-4
2/3-4 )(Detailing Requirements
1/2/3-4
.
2/2/3-4 ) (1 mm
.
3/2/3-4 ).(2beff + d
4/2/3-4 ) (45

.
3 /4 14352014/ ..305 .
(Steel Cables) 4-4
(Tensile Strength) 1/4-4
Pn / t t Pn
:
P =F A (1/4-4)
t 0.55 LRFD , t 3.0 ( ASD )
:
.(mm2) :Ag
.(MPa) :Fu
(Detailing Requirements) 2/4-4

.( 1/12 - 1/16)
(References)

13th Edition ,2005.
[3] ""
. 2002
[4] AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications; American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials , 4th Edition ,2007.
Edition, 2008.
305 ... 2014/1435 4/4

5

)(Columns and Other Compression Members
(Compact and
) non-compact prismatic members .
(Combined axial compression
) and flexure 8 .
) (Slender elements )( .
) 3/ ( ).(Tapered members
1-5 )(Effective Length and Slenderness Limitations
) (K 2 ) (KL/r
) (200 ) (200
.
1/1-5
) (2/5-2 ) ( C
).(1.5K
2-5
)(Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling
c Pn Pn / c
/ ) ( r r
) (1/5-2 [2,1] :
P =F A )(1/2-5
c 0.9 LRFD ) [2,1] . c 1.67 ( ASD

) (Fcr :
1 /5 14352014/ ..305 .
1/2-5 c 1.5
2
Fcr 0.658c Fy )(2/2-5
2/2-5 c 1.5
0.877
Fcr 2 Fy )(3/2-5
c
7 KL
c Fy )(4/2-5
10000 r
: A g .(mm)
: Fy .(MPa)
: K .
: L .(mm)
: r .(mm)
Governing radius of gyration about the axis of buckling
) (5-2 )(.
3-5 -
)(Compressive Strength for Flexural-Torsional Buckling
c Pn Pn / c -
) (T /
) ( r [2,1] :
Pn A g Fcrft )(1/3-5
)c 0.9 (LRFD )c 1.67 (ASD
F F 4Fcry Fcrz H
Fcrft cry crz 1 1 )(2/3-5
2 H Fcry Fcrz 2
GJ
Fcrz
A g ro2
..305 . 14352014/ 2/5

yo2
H 1
ro2
: ro ) (Polar radius of gyration ).(mm) (Shear center

: y o .(mm)
Fcry ) (2-5 ) (y-
. c
7 KL
Fy
10000 ry
) (T
) (2-5 )( Fcry ).(2/3-5

) (Cruciform
- )(.
4-5 )(Built-Up Members
1/4-5 )(Design Strength

) (2-5) (3-5 .

: )(
1/1/4-5 )( [2,1]-:
2 2
KL KL a )(1/4-5

r m r o ri
2/1/4-5 )(
[2,1] -:
2 2
KL KL 2 a
0.82 )(2/4-5
r m r o 1 2 rib
3 /5 14352014/ ..305 .
:
: .
: .
: a ).(mm
: ri ).(mm
: rib
).(mm
: =
h
2rib
: h ).(mm
2/4-5 )(Detailing Requirements
1/2/4-5
) (Base plates ) (Milled surfaces
)(
)( )1.5 (.
2/2/4-5
) (
.
.10

) (300mm
.
) (staggered
).(450mm
3/2/4-5

) (governing slenderness ratio
.
..305 . 14352014/ 4/5

4/2/4-5
)( .
) (unsupported width ) (5-2
[3] :
-1 ).(5-2
-2 ).(2
-3
.
-4 .40mm

[4]:
L
4.5 Fy
P 100 r
V r )(3/4-5
100 L 100000
10
r
:P ) .(N) ( Pr c Pn
:L .(mm)
:r ).(mm
5/2/4-5 ) (Lacing with tie plates

. .
6/2/4-5

.
7/2/4-5 ) (1/50
[5] .
5 /5 14352014/ ..305 .
8/2/4-5
.
9/2/4-5 )(
)(
.
10/2/4-5 ) (Flat bars

) (L/r
) (3/4 .
11/2/4-5 ) (2.0%
.
(Single 12/2/4-5
)system ) (140 ) (200
[5] .
13/2/4-5 ) (L
) (Unsupported length
) (70% .
14/2/4-5 ) (60 )(45

.
15/2/4-5 ) (350mm
.
5-5
)(Connection for Pin-Connected Compression Members

).(3-4
..305 . 14352014/ 6/5

(References)

13th Edition ,2005.
[3] " "

. 2002
[4] AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications; American Association of State

Highway and Transportation Officials , 4th Edition ,2007.
Edition, 2008.
7 /5 2014/1435 305 ...

6

)(Beams and Other Flexural Members
1-6)(Definition
/
.
/
) .(LRFD
/ p .r
/
r .

.

.
)
( .

.
.
) (.

.

.
.
.
/ .
1 /6 14352014/ ..305 .

.

/ .
:
- )) (Local Flange Bending (
- ))(Local Web Yielding (
- )(Web Crippling
- )(Side Sway Web Buckling
- ).(Compression Buckling of the Web

.
) : (

.
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
2-6 )(Design of Flexural Members
1/2-6 )(General Provisions
M )(Design Flexure Strength

[5,3,2,1] : )(Allowable Flexural Strength
M
M M (LRDF) M ) (ASD )(1/2-6

= 0.9 ) (LRFD = 1.67 ) (ASD M

1/1/2-6 5/1/2-6
..305 . 14352014/ 2/6

1/1/2-6 )(
)(Bending of Compact Sections about Strong Axis
) (: < 1/1/1/2-6
M = M = F . Z )(2/2-6
) (: 2/1/1/2-6
L L
M =C M M M M )(3/2-6
L L
) (: > 3/1/1/2-6
I :
E G
M =C I + I C M )(4/2-6
L L
390 JA
M =C M )(5/2-6
L /r
:
: L .
: L .
: L .
Lr Lp .
3 /6 14352014/ ..305 .
:1/2-6 [2] Lr ,Lp
Lr Lp
1.00r X 787r
1+ 1+X F F
I 1
F
400000r JA r JA
26000 2
M M
: F Z = M .(N.mm)
: F S = M I .
: F =M
.
F F .(MPa)F : F
: F .(MPa)
: F .(MPa)
: F ) .(residual stress ) (69 MPa
) (114MPa )([2,1] .
: S .(mm3)
:Z .(mm3)
: I .(mm4)
: J .(mm4)
: C .(mm6)
: . .
=X
: . =X
: C [5,2,1] :
12.5 M
= C )(6/2-6
2.5 M + 3 M + 4 M + 3 M
:
: M .(N.mm)
..305 . 14352014/ 4/6

: M , M , M
) (Mmax Cb
).(AISC-ASD
][7,6
2/1/2-6 )(
)(Bending of Compact Sections about Weak Axis
Lb :
M =M =F Z )(7/2-6
3/1/2-6 )(
)(Bending of Non-Compact Sections about Strong Axis
) ( > 1/3/1/2-6

M =M = M M M )(8/2-6

M M
L = L + L L )(9/2-6
M M
: L .
:
= I
bf bf
=.
tf 2tf
p r ).(1/1-

hc
=
t
h
.
) ( 2/3/1/2-6
M ) (3/2-6 M .M
) ( > 3/3/1/2-6
5 /6 14352014/ ..305 .
M ) (4/2-6 ).(5/2-6
4/1/2-6 )(
)(Bending of Non-Compact Sections about Weak Axis
Lb
) (M ).(7/2-6
5/1/2-6 )(Slender Sections
:
1/5/1/2-6 I ) -7 (
2/5/1/2-6 T
T
r ) (1/1- :
EI GJ
= M B+ 1+B M )(10/2-6
L
d I
B = 2.3 )(11/2-6
L J
) (B
.
) ( ) (1.5 ) (1.0
.
2/2-6 )(Shear Strength Criterion
) Allowable Shear )(Design Shear Strength

[3,2,1] : (Strength
V
V V (LRDF) V ) (ASD )(12/2-6

= 0.9 ) (LRFD = 1.67 ) (ASD V

1/2/2-6 .3/2/2-6

) (LRFD )(ASD .
..305 . 14352014/ 6/6

:
1/2/2-6
V = 0.6F A )(13/2-6
< /t 2/2/2-6
1096
V = 0.6F A
h )(14/2-6
t
3/2/2-6 < /t 260
904000
V =A )(15/2-6
h
t
3/2-6 )(Criteria for Concentrated Loads

R :Ru
) R (Design Strength )(Allowable Strength
:
R
R R (LRFD) R )(ASD )(16/2-6

R 1/3/2-6 .5/3/2/6
) (LRFD ) (ASD .
1/3/2-6 )(Flange Local Bending
= 0.9 ) (LRFD = 1.67 ) (ASD :
R 27.8 t . F )(17/2-6

0.15b b .
0.15b
.
7 /6 14352014/ ..305 .
) (17/2-6
10tf .
2/3/2-6 )(Web Local Yielding
) (Toe
] = 1.0 ) (LRFD = 1.5
) [(ASD :
1/2/3/2-6 :
R = 4.45 (5k + N)F t )(18/2-6
2/2/3/2-6
:
R = 4.45 [(2.5k + N)F ] t )(19/2-6
:k ).(mm
: N .(mm)
: F .(N/mm2)
.(mm) :t
3/3/2-6 )(Web Crippling

] = 0.75 ) (LRFD = 2.0 ) [ (ASD
:
1/3/3/2-6 .
. F .t
N t
R = 1592t 1+3 )(20/2-6
d t t
2/3/3/2-6
.
..305 . 14352014/ 8/6

. F .t
N t
R = 796t 1+3 )(21/2-6
d t t
3/3/3/2-6
> .
. F .t
4N t
R = 796t 1+ 0.20 )(22/2-6
d t t
d (mm) t (mm)
) (18/2-6 ).(19/2-6
4/3/2-6 )(Side Sway Web Buckling

.
] = 0.85 ) (LRFD = 1.76 ) [ (ASD :

h t: l
b 2.3
Ct t h t
= R 1 + 0.4 )(23/2-6
h l b

h t: l
b 1.7
Ct t h t
= R 0.4 )(24/2-6
h l b
:
)(ASD ) (LRFD < 1.0 < 1.0
.
(MPa) Cr = 6600
)(ASD ) (LRFD 1.0 1.0
.
(MPa) Cr = 3300
M (MPa) M
) ( (MPa) M
).(MPa
9 /6 14352014/ ..305 .
5/3/2-6 )(Compression Buckling of the Web

.
] = 0.9 ) (LRFD = 1.67 ) [(ASD
:
103t EF
= R )(25/2-6
h

[2,1] .
E (MPa) ) (25/2-6
) (22/2-6 ).(24/2-6
1/3/2-6 5/3/2-6
.
R [4,3,2,1] .
.
[4,2,1] .
) (Web Crippling

) (K=0.75 ) (Ag
) (25 ) (12 ) (.
4/2-6 )(Deflection Criterion

) (ASD
.
..305 . 14352014/ 10/6

.
. :
:2/2-6

L/360
L/240
L/180
) (L .
3-6 )(Continuous Beams

) (2-6 %10
[2,1] :
. -1
-2 .
-3 )) (Lc (ASD )(Lpd
) (LFRD ) (Lpd :
:I
M 1 20000r
L = 0.12 + 600r )(1/3-6
M F F
M 1 20000r
L = 0.17 + 800r )(2/3-6
M F F
:Fy .(MPa)
11/6 14352014/ ..305 .

: .
.
: r ) ( .(mm)
-4 .
-5 .
-6 ) (.
4-6 )(Beam Bracing

) .(Lb

.
.
:
-1
.
-2 ) (
.
-3
) ( .
-4 .
.
-5
) (.
-6 .
-7 )
( .
-8 .
..305 . 14352014/ 12/6

1/4-6 )(Stiffness Requirement for Lateral Bracing
)(
:
M C
700
L h
= )(1/4-6
M C
1750
L h
:
= :0.75 .
: 1.0 = C .
: 2.0 = C .
: L .
: h .
:
.L L L M < L
2/4-6 )(Strength Requirement for Lateral Bracing

:
M C
0.036
h
= P )(2/4-6
M C
0.09
h
) (2/4-6 ).(1/4-6
3/4-6 )(Stiffness Requirement for Torsional Bracing

)(
[2,1]:

= 0
)(3/4-6
1
13/6 14352014/ ..305 .

:
M L
271.2
EI C n
= )(4/4-6
M
271.2
EI C
(N.m/rad angle)
).(N.m/rad angle/m length
) (4/4-6 :
= : 0.75 .
: L .(m)
: M .(N.mm)
:n .
: C ).(6/2-6
sec ) (3/4-6 :
74600000 1.5 h t t b
+
h 12 12
= )(5/4-6
74600000 t

h 12
:
: t ).(mm
: b ) (.
4/4-6 )(Strength Requirement for Torsional Bracing
M L
M = 2.71 )(6/4-6
C L n
..305 . 14352014/ 14/6

Lq L < L ) L
. .(Lq Mu
(References)
13th Edition ,2005.
Design LRFD) ;Permanent Committee for the Code of Practice for Steel
Edition, 2008.
[4] Euro Code 3 :Design of Steel Structures , Part 1.5: Plated Structural Elements,
European Standard, prEN1993-1-5, 11June 2004.
[6] " "

. 2002
[7] Manual of Steel Construction: Allowable Stress Design ; American Institute of

Steel Construction, AISC, 9th Edition ,1989.
15/6 2014/1435 305 ...

7
)(Plate Girders
1-7)(Definition
1/1-7 )(Plate Girders
.
) (h/tw ) (r
.
) (Transverse stiffeners )
( )[2,1] .(Tension Field Action
) (1/1-7
)[2].(h/tw
:1/1-7
)(h/tw
h
260
t

h 96000 ) (a ).(1.5h
< 260
t )F (F + 114
)(Shear criterion
96000 h 5232
<
)F (F + 114 t F ) (a ).(1.5h
:
: a .(mm)
: h
.(mm)
1 /7 14352014/ ..305 .
2/1-7 )(Type of Lateral Stiffeners
:
1/2/1-7 )(Bearing Stiffeners

. )
(.
2/2/1-7 )(Intermediate Stiffeners
) (h/tw ) (260 )(1/1-7
) (Tension Field Action
.

) (.
2-7 )(Flexural Strength Criterion

6 ).(1/2-6
[2,1] :
1/2-7
M =S R F )(1/2-7
2/2-7
M =S R R F )(2/2-7
:
: S .(mm3)
: S .(mm3)
: R ).(3/2-7
: R ).(4/2-7
) 12 + a (3m m
= R 1.0 )(3/2-7
12 + 2a
..305 . 14352014/ 2/7

h
t 0.01275 F
R =1a 1.0 )(4/2-7
1200 + 300a
:
:a .
:m
.
:F .(MPa)
:F ).(MPa) (1/2-7
:1/2-7 ) (Fcr (MPa)

)Fcr (MPa
b 170
Fyf
2t F

b 170
170 b 604
F < <
1 2t F 2t
1 F F F
2 604 170
F K
F

K

b 604
180700 K
2t
F
b
K
2t
L 787
Fyf
r F
L 787

r F 787 L 1985
1
<
1 2 1985 787 C F F F r F

F F

1975000 C L 1985
L >
r F
r
3 /7 14352014/ ..305 .
:
4
= K , 0.35 K 0.763
h )(5/2-7
t
tb ht
+
12 72 )(6/2-7
= r
ht
bt + 6
:C ).(6/2-6
) (Fcr )
( ).(2/2-7
) (RpG
.
) (Re

.
3-7 )(Shear Strength Criterion

).(Tension Field Action
) (a ) (a/h
. ) (3
) (FlexuralShear Interaction )(1/4-7

.
:
-1 ).(End panel
-2 .
-3 ).(Tapered -Web
. -4 ) (a/h ) (3
) ( V :
..305 . 14352014/ 4/7

1/3-7 :
) (V ) 6( ) (13/2-6 ).(15/2-6
2/3-7 :
) (V [5,4,3,2,1] :
492
V = 0.6A F )(1/3-7
> 492
1C
V = 0.6A F C + )(2/3-7
1.15 1 + a h

5
K = 5+ 5.0 )(3/3-7
)(a/h
:d. .(mm2 ) =A
:d .(mm)
:Cv ).(1/3-7
:1/3-7 Cv
Cv
K h K h K
492 t 492 613
F F t F
h K
302000K h > 613
t t F
4-7 )(FlexureShear Interaction
.
) (V ) (%60
) ( V/ M ) (%75
5 /7 14352014/ ..305 .
) ( M
.
+ 0.625 1.375 )(1/4-7

= 0.9
) 5- (.
5-7 )(Design of Lateral Stiffeners

1/5-7 )(Bearing Stiffeners

)
.(6

.
) ( ) (bst )( ) (tst :
1/1/5-7 )(Local Buckling
b 250
)(1/5-7
t
2/1/5-7 )(Compression Stress

) ( P
.
) ( P ) (K
) (0.75 ) (Aeff .
) (2b t + 12t
) .(2b t + 25t
c
= .I = r
( )
..305 . 14352014/ 6/7

3/1/5-7 )(Bearing Stress
) (R ) (Design Bearing Strength ) Allowable

( ) (Bearing Strength .
R:
R 1.8F A )(2/5-7
:
:A .(mm)
= 0.9 ) (LRFD = 2.00 ).(ASD
2/5-7 )(Intermediate Stiffeners

:
-1 ).(Tension Field Action
-2 Vu ] : V ) [(LRFD ] Va
)[(ASD
. -3 ) (h/tw

.

.
:
1/2/5-7 )(Local Buckling

) (bst/tst ).(1/5-7
2/2/5-7 )(Area of Stiffener

:
F V
A ) 0.15Dht (1 C 18t 0 )(3/5-7
F V
7 /7 14352014/ ..305 .
:
:D [7,6,2] :
1.0 =D .
1.8 =D .
2.4 =D .
) (1/3-7 ).(2/3-7
3/2/5-7 )(Moment of Inertia of Stiffener

.
:
2.5
I at 2 0.5at )(4/5-7
a
h
4/2/5-7 )(Length of Stiffener

l [7,6,2] :
h 16t < l < h 6t )(5/5-7

) (16tw ) (250mm .
).(300mm
5/2/5-7 )(Spacing Between Stiffeners)(a

) (a ) . (vVn Vu
h . ) (3h
..305 . 14352014/ 8/7

(References)

13th Edition ,2005.
[4] Steel Designers Manual; The Steel Construction Institute, SCI, 6th Edition ,
Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
[6]
.1999
[7] Manual of Steel Construction: Allowable Stress Design ; American Institute of
Steel Construction, AISC, 9th Edition ,1989.
9 /7 2014/1435 305 ...

8
)(Combined Stresses
1-8)(Definition

.

) (P-
) .(P- .
) (P-
.
) (P- .
.
.
.
2-8
)(Design for Combined Flexure and Axial Force

[1] :

0.2
P 8 M M
+ + 1.0 )(1/2-8
P 9 M M

< 0.2
1P M M
+ + 1.0 )(2/2-8
2P M M
1 /8 14352014/ ..305 .
:
: P .(N)
: P .(N)
: M .(N.mm)
: M 6 .(N.mm) 1/2-6
: x .
: y .
1/2-8 )(Tensile Forces

)(LRFD
: P ).(N) (LRFD
: .(N) 4 =P
: M )(LRFD
).(N.mm
: 6 .(N.mm) 1/2-6 =M
: .4
= : 0.9 .
)(ASD
: P ).(N) (ASD
: .(N) 4 =P
: M )(ASD
).(N.mm
: = M 6 .(N.mm) 1/2-6
: .4
: 1.67 = .
2/2-8 )(Compressive Forces

)(LRFD
: P ) (LRFD
).(N
: .(N) 5 =P
: M ).(N.mm) (LRFD
..305 . 14352014/ 2/8
: 6 .(N.mm) 1/2-6 =M
= = : 0.9 .
= : 0.9 .
)(ASD
: P ) (ASD
).(N
: .(N) 5 =P
: M ).(N.mm) (ASD
: 6 .(N.mm) 1/2-6 =M
: 1.67 = .
: 1.67 = .
) (Mr .
[2,1] :
M =B M +B M )(3/2-8
:
: M
.(N.mm) 3 ) (2/1-3 )(.
: M .(N.mm) 3
) (2/1-3 )(.
: B ) (P- ).(4/2-8
: B ) (P- ).(5/2-8
C
= B 1.0
P )(4/2-8
1 P
1 1
= B
P P )(5/2-8
1 1
HL P
:
:P (N) ) (K 1.0
).(6/2-8
:C ) .(1/2/2-8
3 /8 14352014/ ..305 .
: ) (1.00 LRFD ) (1.60 .ASD
:oh .
: H .N
: L .(m)
EI
= P )(6/2-8
)(KL
1/2/2-8 Cm

) ( Cm [3,2,1] :
M
C = 0.6 0.4 0.4 )(7/2-8
M
.
)
(.

:Cm
C = 0.85 )(8/2-8

:Cm
C = 1.00 )(9/2-8
)-( ] ) (1/2-8) [ (2/2-8

. ) [4] (Amin Mansor 2000
]) (1/2-8 ) [(2/2-8 .

> 0.2
bP + mM + nM 1.0 )(10/2-8

0.2
P 9 9
b + mM + nM 1.0 )(11/2-8
2 8 8
..305 . 14352014/ 4/8

:
1
= b )(12/2-8
P
8 1
m= . )(13/2-8
9 M
8 1
n= . )(14/2-8
9 M
) (b, m, n ) .(AISC Manual

]) (10/2-8 ) [(11/2-8
) (P
.
3-8 )(Bending About Two Axes

) (
.

) (Mux ) (Muy .

:
f F )(1/3-8
M M
f = + )(2/3-8
S S
:
:f .(MPa)
: S .(mm3)
= :0.9 .
:F .(MPa)
:
M M )(3/3-8
5 /8 14352014/ ..305 .
:
: M ).(N.mm) (1/2-6
) (2/3-8 :
M M S M M d
S + + 3.5 )(4/3-8
F F S F F b
) (d) (4/3-8 ) (bf .

) (Gaylord 1992 .
4-8
)(Combined Bending, Torsion and Axial Forces
:
1/4-8 )(Yielding Under Vertical Stress
F f )(1/4-8
:
= :0.9 .
: F .(MPa)
: f
).(MPa
2/4-8 )(Yielding Under Shear Stress
0.6 F f )(2/4-8
= : 0.9 .
: F .(MPa)
: f
).(MPa
3/4-8 )(Buckling
:
F f or F f )(3/4-8
P
F = )(4/4-8
A
..305 . 14352014/ 6/8

:
: P )(N) .(5-
: A .(mm2)
:fun ).(1/4-8
:fuv ).(2/4-8
5-8 )(Frames
-
) ( .
:
- ) I (
- ) II (
- ) III (
) .(ASD
) (LRFD :
- ) I -(
- ) II (

.
) (.

.
.
.
.
) (Ductility
.
7 /8 14352014/ ..305 .

) . (P , P
) (second order analysis
. 3-
). (K
1/5-8 )(Frames Design

)( ) (Braced
) ( ).(Unbraced
) :
....K(.

.

.
) (
[3,2,1] :
h h
)(1/5-8
500 300
:
:h .(m)

.

)-( .
.

.

:
..305 . 14352014/ 8/8

( Portal Frame)
. [5](Rossow 1996 )
(Frames Bracing) 2/5-8

: "
2P
= (2/5-8)
L
:
. :0.75 =
.(N) / : Pu
.(m) : L
.(N/m) :
:
P = 0.004 P (3/5-8)
(References)

13th Edition ,2005.
[4] Amin Mansor, A.," A new approach for design of steel beam-columns", AISC Eng. J.,
37, 41, 2000.
[5] Rossow, E.C., "Analysis and Behavior of Structures", Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle
River, NJ, 1996.
9 /8 2014/1435 305 ...

9
)(Composite Construction

.
) (Shear Connectors )(Encased
) (Shored ) (un-shored .
1-9 )(General Provisions

.

)...(304.
1/1-9 )(Nominal Strength of Composite Sections
) Plastic
(Stress Distribution Method ) . (Strain-Compatibility Method
.
1/1/1-9 )(Plastic Stress Distribution Method

) (Fy
) .(0.85 f HSS ) (Round HSS
) .(0.95 f
2/1/1-9 )(Strain-Compatibility Method

) .(0.003
.
1 /9 14352014/ ..305 .
2/1-9 )(Material Limitations
[3] :
-1 f ) (21 N/mm2 )(70 N/mm2

) (Normal weight concrete ) (21 N/mm2 ) 42
(N/mm2 ).(Light weight concrete
-2
).(525 N/mm2
2-9 )(Definitions and Design Assumptions
1/2-9 )(Definitions
1/1/2-9 )(Totally Encased
.
) (Natural Bond .

[4,3,2]:
-1 ) (Soffit ).(50 mm
-2 ) (40 mm
) (50 mm
).(90 mm
-3 -
) (Spalling.
2/1/2-9 )(Not Totally Encased
.
.
..305 . 14352014/ 2/9

3/1/2-9 )(Effective Width

[4] :
2/2-9 )(Design Assumptions
1/2/2-9
) (

) (0.66Fy Fy .

.
) ( ) (0.76Fy
.
2/2/2-9 ) (6-9

) (1/2-6 .
) (5-2
.
) (Anchoring

).(6-9
.

) (n)(Modular Ratio
3 /9 14352014/ ..305 .
. )(Transformed Section
:
= )(1/2-9
:Ec :Es .

) (Full Composite Action )(Effective Section Modulus
:
V
S =S + ) (S S )(2/2-9
V
:S .(mm3)
:S
.(mm3)
:V
:
F A
V = 0.68 )(3/2-9
2
F A )(4/2-9
= V
2
) (0.5 F A ) (3/2-9
) (A .
: Fyr .(N/mm2 )
..305 . 14352014/ 4/9

: Ac .(mm2)
: As .(mm2)
: ) (q ) (1/4-9

) (1/4 ) (3/2-9
).(4/2-9

) (0.9F
) (75 ) Effective
(composition section .

.
) (75 .
) (0.36F:
:F ).(N/mm2
3-9 )(Compression Members
1/3-9 )(Limitations
) (Composite Column ) (Rolled ) Built-

(up :
-1 ) (4
.
-2
) .(stirrup
.
) ( .
5 /9 14352014/ ..305 .
mm2 6 ) (25 mm .
) (40 mm
.
0.00223b -3
0.00223D ).(D ) (b
2/3-9 )(Design Compressive Strength
P
][4,3

:(LRFD) 0.75
:(ASD) 2.00
:Pn ) (1/2-5 ) (1/3-5

:
-1 : As .(mm2) Ag
: rm ) (Radius of gyration
) (0.3 ) .(mm) (ro
-2 Fmy ) (1/3-9 ) (Fy

Em ) (2/3-9 ).(E
A A
F =F +C F +C f )(1/3-9
A A
A
E =E+C E )(2/3-9
A
: Ac .(mm2)
..305 . 14352014/ 6/9

: Ar .(mm2)
: As .(mm2)
: Ec Ec = 4700 f f
) .(N/mm2
) .(N/mm2 : Fy
) .(N/mm2 : Fyr
: f ) .(N/mm2
:C3 ,C2 ,C1 .
C1=1 C2=0.85 C3=0.4
C1= 0.7 C2= 0.6 C3= 0.2
3/3-9 )(Columns with Multiple Steel Shapes

) (Buckling .
4/3-9 )(Load Transfer
) ( 1.7f A ) [3] .(1.7f A
0.65 = (LRFD) c
2 = (ASD)
7 /9 14352014/ ..305 .
: AB . (mm2)
4-9 )(Flexural Members
1/4-9 )(Effective Width
. -
-
- .
2/4-9 )(Strength of Beams with Shear Connectors
) (b Mn ) (Mn/ :
][3
0.9 = (LRFD) b
1.67 = (ASD)
1000 F -
0.85= b
Mn
< 1000 F -
Mn .
b Mn .6
b Mn Mn
:
-1 ).(2-5
-2 .
-3 .
..305 . 14352014/ 8/9

3/4-9 )(Strength of Concrete Encased Beam
b Mn ) (0.9 =b Mn
b Mn
(LRFD) 0.9=b Mn/ .(ASD) 1.67 =
Mn .
4/4-9 )(Strength During Constructions

%75 f
.6
5/4-9 )(Composite Deck Steel
1/5/4-9 )(General
b Mn
) (2/4-9 :
-1 ) 75
.(mm
-2 wcr ) (50 mm

).(Composite deck steel
-3 19 mm
)[1] .(ASW D1.1
-4
) (37.5 mm .
-5 ).(50 mm
9 /9 14352014/ ..305 .
2/5/4-9
)(Deck Ribs Oriented Perpendicular to Steel Beam
-1 ) (Ac
.
-2 ) (900 mm .
-3 ) (q
) (1/4-9 :
0.85 W H
1.0 1.0 )(1/4-9
N h h
:1/4-9 .(kN) q
) /(2 )(1

35 30 25
26.2 24.5 22.7 ) (13 ) (50
40.9 38.3 35.6 ) (16 ) (65
59.2 55.6 51.2 ) (19 ) (75
80.1 74.7 69.4 ) (22 ) (90
)(2 )(2 )(2 )(3
0.875W 0.823W 0.753W ) (C 6.1076
)0.928W(2 )0.875W(2 )0.805W(2 ) (C 8.03102
)0.980W(2 )0.928W(2 )0.858W(2 ) (C 9.96127
) (1 .
) W (2 ) (C.
) (3 : ) (76 mm
).(6.10 kg/m
:
: hr )(mm
: Hs ) (mm ) (75+ hr

..305 . 14352014/ 10/9

:Nr ) (3

Wr ).(mm
-4 ) (Uplift
) .(400 mm
[Arc spot
] (Puddle) weld .
3/5/4-9
)(Deck Ribs Oriented Parallel to Steel Beam
-1 ) (Ac ) (3/2-9
.
-2 ) (Split
).(Concrete haunches
-3 ) (40 mm
wcr ) (50 mm
.
) (q
) (1/4-9 ) (Wr/hr ) (1.5 q
:
W H
0.6 1.0 1.0 )(2/4-9
h h
6/4-9 )(Design Shear Strength
11/9 14352014/ ..305 .

5-9 )(Combined Compression and Flexure
.3
: Mn
.(kN.m)
A F
= P ,P )(1/5-9

: P , P .(kN.m)
: F ).(2/3-9
: b . 6
: c ).(0.85
: c 5 ).(2-5
6 ) (0.3
Mn
= 0.3 =Pu .6

)(0.3
) =Pu(
6-9 )(Shear Connectors
.
).(7-9
1/6-9 )(Materials
-
.
- ).(6/3-1
- ).(3-1
..305 . 14352014/ 12/9

- ) (ASTM C33
) (ASTM C330 ).(14.38 kN/m3
2/6-9 )(Horizontal Shear Force
) (1- 9
.

:
0.85f A )(1/6-9
A F )(2/6-9
Q )(3/6-9
: f )(N/mm2
: Ac )(mm2
: As )(mm2
: Fy )(N/mm2
) .(N/mm2
) (As Fy
.

Ar Fyr . Q
: Ar )(mm2
13/9 14352014/ ..305 .

:Fyr )(N/mm2
: Q
).(N/mm2
3/6-9 )(Strength of Stud Shear Connectors

[3] :
Q = 0.5A f E )(4/6-9
: Asc )(mm2
: f )(N/mm2
: Fu )(N/mm2
: Ec )(N/mm2

) (4-9 ) (1/4-9 ) .(2/4-9
0.5A ).(4/6-9 f E
4/6-9 )(Strength of Channel Shear Connectors
) (Q
[3] :
Q = 0.3(t + 0.5t )L f E )(5/6-9
: tf ).(mm
: tw ) (web ).(mm
..305 . 14352014/ 14/9

: Lc ).(mm
5/6-9 )(Required Number of Shear Connectors

) (2/6-9
) (3/6-9 ).(4/6-9
6/6-9 )[3] (Shear Connector Placement and Spacing

.
.

25 ) (web
.

.
.
.
).(5/4-9
7-9 )(Special Cases
) (1-9) (6-9
.
15/9 14352014/ ..305 .

(References)
[1] Structural Welding Code - Steel; American Welding Society, AWS D1.1/D1.1M, 19th
Edition. 2004.
[4] " "

. 2002
305 ... 2014/1435 16/9

10

)(Connections, Joints and Fasteners

(Gusset ) (Brackets ) (Connectors )plates
)( .
1-10 )(General Provisions
1/1-10 )(Design Basis
) (R ) (R /

.
2/1-10 )(Simple Connections
)(

.
.
3/1-10 )(Moment Connections
)(
) (Rigid
1/10 14352014/ ..305 .

.
:
1/3/1-10 )(Fully Restrained Moment Connections

.
) (Rigidity
).(Ultimate limit state
2/3/1-10 )(Partially Restrained Moment Connections

.
.
4/1-10 )(Compression Members with Bearing Joints
1/4/1-10 )(Columns
(Bearing )plates
) (Splices .
2/4/1-10 )(Other Compression Members

.
) ( [3,2,1] :
.1 ) (50
.2 ) (2
[3].
) (Pins
.
..305 . 14352014/ 2/10

3/4/1-10 )(Compression Joints

) (1/5-1 .
5/1-10 )(Splices in Heavy Sections
1/5/1-10
) (ASTM A6/A6M

) (50mm
[2,1].
2/5/1-10
) (Complete-joint-penetration groove welds [4,2,1]:
1/2/5/1-10 ) (Material notch-toughness
)(ASTM A6
2/2/5/1-10 ) (6/1-10 .
3/2/5/1-10 )(7/2-10 .
4/2/5/1-10 ).(8/2-10
5/2/5/1-10 ).(2/2-13
3/5/1-10
.
4/5/1-10

).(6/1-10
5/5/1-10

. (Partial-joint-penetration
) flange groove welds ) (Fillet welds )(
)( [2].
3/10 14352014/ ..305 .

6/1-10 )(Beam Copes and Weld Access Holes

.

) (Weld tabs
) (25mm ) .(50mm
)(Notches
) .(Sharp re-entrant corners

[2,1] .

) (ASTM A6/A6M
) (50mm ) (Grinding

) (Magnetic particles ) .(Dye penetrant

.
.
7/1-10 )(Minimum Strength of Connections
) (40kN
) (Lacing ) (Sag rods ).(Girts
8/1-10 )( )(Placement of Welds and Bolts
)(
) (Center of gravity
.
[2,1].
..305 . 14352014/ 4/10

9/1-10 )( )(Bolts in Combination with Welds
1/9/1-10 )(New Works
)( ) (High strength bolts )(

) (Bearing connections (Slip-critical
) connections
[2,1].
2/9/1-10 )(Alternations
)(

[2,1] .
10/1-10 )(
)(High Strength Bolts in Combination with Rivets

)( .
11/1-10 )(
)(Limitations on Bolted and Welded Connections
1/11/1-10 )(
) (1/3-10 [2,5]:
1/1/11/1-10 ) (Tier structures
) (60m .
2/1/11/1-10 )(30m
) (60m ) (40 .
3/1/11/1-10 ) (30m
) (25 .
4/1/11/1-10
) (Bracing ).(38m
5/10 14352014/ ..305 .

5/1/11/1-10 )( )(
) (Knee braces )(Cranes
).(50kN
6/1/11/1-10 ) (Impact
).(Reversal of stress
7/1/11/1-10 )(
.
2/11/1-10 )( )(Snug-tight
)(
).(1/11/1-10
3/11/1-10

) (25

. ) (Penthouse .
2-10 )(Welds

: )[6](AWS D1.1
) (5/1-10 ) (6/1-10
) (Section 5.17 ) (AWS D1.1 .2004
) (1/2/2-10 ) (2.3.2
) (AWS D1.1 .2004
) (2/2-10 ) (Table 2.1
) (AWS D1.1 .2004
) (5/2-10 ) (Table 2.3
) (AWS D1.1 .2004
..305 . 14352014/ 6/10

1/2-10 )(Groove Welds
1/1/2-10 )(Effective Area

)(Effective throat thickness

.
)[5,3,2,1].(1/2-10
:1/2-10
)(Effective Throat Thickness of Partial-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds

) (U) (J

) (V )(60 )(Shielded metal arc

) (U) (J )(Gas metal arc

) (V )(60
)(Flux-cored arc
) (U) (J

) (V ) (60 )(Flat
)(Submerged metal arc
) (Bevel )(60

)(Flat
)(Gas metal arc
) (Bevel )(45
)(3mm
)(Horizontal
)(Flux-cored arc

) (Bevel )(45
)(3mm )(Shielded metal arc

) (Vertical )(Gas metal arc
) (Bevel )(45
)(3mm

)(Overhead )(Flux-cored arc
7/10 14352014/ ..305 .

2/1/2-10 )(Limitations

) (2/2-10
.
.
2/2-10
)(Minimum Effective Throat Thickness of Partial-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds
)(mm )(mm

3 )(6
5 ) (6 )(12
6 ) (12 )(18
8 ) (18 )(38
10 ) (38 )(57
13 ) (57 )(150
16 )(150
2/2-10 )(Fillet Welds

.
) (Submerged arc
) (Weld size ) (10mm
) (3mm ).(10mm

) (Slots
. ) (Overlapping fillets
).(Faying surface
..305 . 14352014/ 8/10

) (End-loaded fillet welds
) (100Weld size

) ( [7,5,1]:
L
= 1.2 0.002 1.0 )(1/2-10
W
:
:L .(mm)
:W .(mm)
) (300Weld size ) (
).(0.6
1/2/2/2-10 )[5,3,2,1] (Minimum Size of Fillet Welds

).(3/2-10
:3/2-10 )(Minimum Size of Fillet Welds
)(mm )(mm
3 )(6
5 ) (6 )(12
6 ) (12 )(18
8 )(18
2/2/2/2-10 )(Maximum Size of Fillet Welds
.1 ) (6mm
.
9/10 14352014/ ..305 .

.2 ) (6mm
) (2mm
.
3/2/2/2-10
)(Minimum Effective Length of Fillet Welds

.
) (Flat bars
)
( .
) (3-2 .
4/2/2/2-10 )(Intermittent Fillet Welds

.
) .(Built up members
.
) .(40mm

).(200mm
5/2/2/2-10 )(Lap Joints

) .(25mm

.
6/2/2/2-10 )(Fillet Weld Terminations
.1
.
..305 . 14352014/ 10/10

) (Brackets ) (Beam seats
.
.2 ) (End returns
) (Flexibility
.
.3 ) (Transverse stiffeners

) (Toe
. .
.4
.
7/2/2/2-10 )(Fillet Welds in Holes and Slots

. .
) (Plug and slot welds
).(3/2-10
3/2-10 )(Plug and slot welds

.
) .(Elongated hole .
) (Cyclic loading
.
11/10 14352014/ ..305 .


.
[5,2,1] :
.1
) (8mm ) (3mm
).(2.25Thickness of weld
.2 .
.3
) (8mm
).(2.25Thickness of weld
.4

.
.5
.
.
.6 ) (16mm
) (16mm
).(16mm
4/2-10 )(Strength
) (R ) (R /
:

R = F A )(2/2-10

..305 . 14352014/ 12/10
R = F A )(2/2-10
: FBM ).(MPa) (Base Metal
: Fw .(MPa)
: A BM .(mm)
: A w .(mm)
Fw FBM ) . (4/2-10
.
5/2-10 )(Combination of Welds
)
(
.
6/2-10 )(Matching Weld Metal

) .(AWS D1.1
) (Charpy V-notch toughness CVN ) (27Joul
) (4C :
1/6/2-10 ) (T ) (Corner
) (Steel backing

.
2/6/2-10

) (ASTM A6/A6M
).(50mm
13/10 14352014/ ..305 .

) (Manufacturer's certificate of conformance
.
:4/2-10 )[7,1] (Strength of Welds

)(2 1
)(6
)(5
(Filler Metal
F F
)Requirements
)(Complete-joint-penetration groove welds

.

) (CVN
) (3 .

.

. .

.
) (Partial-joint-penetration groove welds
) (Flare bevel groove V )(Flare V groove
Fy
1.67 0.90

0.80
0.60FEXX 1.88
)
.
1/4/1-10 (
Fy )
1.67 0.90

0.60FEXX
1.88 0.80 2/4/1-10 (
. Fy )
1.67 0.90
0.80 (
0.90FEXX 1.88

.
) (4-10

0.60FEXX 2.00 0.75
..305 . 14352014/ 14/10

4/2-10
)(2 1
)(6
)(5
(Filler Metal
F F
)Requirements
)(Fillet welds
) (4-10

. )0.60FEXX (4 2.00 0.75

.
)(Plug or slot welds
) (4-10
)

0.60FEXX 2.00 0.75 (
.
) (1 ) (Section3.3 ) ( AWS D1.1 . 2004
) (2 .
) (3 ) (T ) (Steel backing
) (CVN ) (27Joul
) .(4C
.
) (4 .
) (5 2-10 4-10 .
: FEXX ) : Fy (MPa ).(MPa )(6
7/2-10 )(Mixed Weld Metal

) (Tack weld ) (Root pass
).(Subsequent passes
8/2-10 )(Preheat for Heavy Shapes

) (ASTM A6/A6M
) (50mm
15/10 14352014/ ..305 .
) (175C .
][2,1
3-10 )( )(Bolts and Threaded Parts
1/3-10 )( )(High Strength Bolts
) ( ) (
) (ASTM A325 ) (ASTM A490
.
)( )(ASTM A449

) (50 )( (Hardened
) washer ) (ASTM F436 )(
) (ASTM A563 .
(ASTM A325 or )(
) A325M ) (ASTM A490 or A490M
)( ) (1/3-10
. ) ( )(Snug-tight

(ASTM A325 or )(
) A325M

. ) (Snug-tight
) ( ) (Impact wrench
)( ) (Spud wrench
. ) (5/3-10) (6/3-10
)( ) .(Snug-tight
)( ) (Snug-tight
.
..305 . 14352014/ 16/10

(ASTM A490 or ) (
) A490M ) (25mm )(Slots
) (Oversize )( )(ASTM F436
)(
).(8mm

) (10/3-10 .
)( 1
][7,1 :1/3-10 )( )(kN
)(Minimum Bolt Pretension
)( )(
) (ASTM A490M ) (ASTM A325M )(
)(mm
114 91 M16
179 142 M20
221 176 M22
257 205 M24
334 267 M27
408 326 M30
595 475 M36
) (1 ) (0.7 )( ) (kN ) (ASTM
.
2/3-10 )(Size and Use of Holes
)( )(2/3-10
) (Anchor rods
.
:
1/2/3-10 )(Standard Holes

)( . (Finger
17/10 14352014/ ..305 .

) shims ) (6mm
.
2/2/3-10 )(Oversized Holes

. ) (
.
3/2/3-10 )(Short-Slotted Holes

.

. ) (
)(
.
4/2/3-10 )(Long- Slotted Holes

.

.
)( ) (Plate washers ) (Continuous bar
.
)(
) (8mm ) .(Hardened
)( )(
)( .
3/3-10 )(Minimum Spacing
[4] 3d )(d
) .(Fastener ) (10/3-10
)(.
..305 . 14352014/ 18/10

4/3-10 )(Minimum Edge Distance

) (3/3-10 ) (10/3-10 .

) (C2 ) .(4/3-10
) (10/3-10 )(.
5/3-10 )(Maximum Spacing and Edge Distance
)(
) (12 ) .(150mm
) (Connectors )
( :
1/5/3-10
) (14 ).(180mm
2/5/3-10
) (14 ) (180mm
) (28 ).(360mm
6/3-10 )(Tension or Shear Strength
) (R ) (R /
)( ) (Threaded part [1]:
R =F A )(1/3-10
: )(LRFD) ( = 0.75
: )(ASD) ( = 2.00
:F Fnt Fnv ).(MPa) (5/3-10
:A )( )
) (Upset bars ) (3 ).(mm) ((5/3-10
19/10 14352014/ ..305 .

) (Prying action
.
:2/3-10 )([3,2] .(mm)
)(Nominal Bolts' Holes Dimensions

)( )(mm
) ( ) ( )( )(
1840 1822 20 18 M16
2250 2226 24 22 M20
2455 2430 28 24 M22
2760 2732 30 27 M24
3067 3037 35 30 M27
3375 3340 38 33 M30
)(d+3)(2.5d )(d+3)(d+10 d+8 d+3 M36
)(1
:3/3-10 ) (mm
](Minimum Edge Distance from Center of Standard Hole to Edge of Connected Part) [8,3,2

)(2
)( )(mm

24 28 16
30 34 20
33 38 22
36 42 24
41 48 27
45 52 30
54 64 36
1. 5d 1.75d 36
) (1 . 4/3-10
) (2 ) (3mm
) (25 .
:4/3-10 C2 .(mm)
](Values of Edge Distance Increment C2) [8,3,2

)(mm
)(1

3 2 )(22
0 0.75d 3 3 24
5 3 )(27
) (1 ) (2/3-10 C2
.
..305 . 14352014/ 20/10

5/3-10
)(Nominal Stress of Fasteners and Threaded Parts),(MPa

Fnt
Fnv
)(MPa
)(MPa
) (
)165(6,5,2 310 )(6,1
) (ASTM A307
.
)(
)(5 )(4
330 620 ) (ASTM A325 or A325M
.
)(
)(5 )(4
372 620 ) (ASTM A325 or A325M
.
)(
)(5 )(4
414 780 ) (ASTM A490 or A490M
.
)(
)(5 )(4
468 780 ) (ASTM A490 or A490M
.
4/3-1
0.40 Fu )0.75 Fu (3,1
.
4/3-1
)0.50 Fu (3,1 )0.75 Fu (3,1
.
(ASTM
)(5 )(1
172 310 ) A502 Gr. 1
).(Hot-Driven
(ASTM
)(5 )(1
228 414 ) A502 Gr. 2 & 3
)(Hot-Driven
) (1 .
) (2
) (3 ) (Upset rod ) (AD
) (Fy .
) (4 )( ) (Appendix 3 ) (AISC
.2005
) (5 ) (20
).(1270mm
) (6 )( ) (ASTM A307
).(11/3-10
21/10 14352014/ ..305 .

7/3-10
)(Combined Tension and Shear in Bearing-Type Connections
) (R ) (R / )(
[1]:
R =F A )(2/3-10
: )(LRFD) ( = 0.75
: )(ASD) ( = 2.00
:A )( )
) (Upset bars ) (3 )(mm) ((5/3-10
: F ) (MPa
[1]:
.1 ): (LRFD
F
F = 1.3F f F )(3/3-10
F
.2 ): (ASD
F
F = 1.3F f F )(4/3-10
F
: F )(MPa) (5/3-10
: F )(MPa) (5/3-10
: f .(MPa)

. ) (6/3-10 .
8/3-10 )(
)(High Strength Bolts in Slip-Critical Connections
)(
) (1/8/3-10 ) (2/8/3-10
..305 . 14352014/ 22/10

) (6/3-10 ) (7/3-10 ) (1/3-10
).(10/3-10
1/8/3-10
)(Slip-Critical Connections Designed at Factored Loads
) (r
. ) (r :
r = 1.13 Tb Ns )(5/3-10
:
: T )(kN) (1/3-10
: N
: ) (
.
[8,1]:
:
) (Blast-cleaned steel
).( = 0.33
: ) (Blast-cleaned steel
) (Blast-cleaned steel
).( = 0.50
: (Hot-dipped
) galvanized ).( = 0.35
: ) ( = 1.0
) ( = 0.85
) ( = 0.70
)[8,1].( = 0.60
) (Finger shims ) (6mm

.
23/10 14352014/ ..305 .

2/8/3-10
)(Slip-Critical Connections Designed at Service Loads
) (1/2- ) / (2- )(.
9/3-10
)(Combined Tension and Shear in Slip-Critical Connections
)(1/9/3-10
) (1/8/3-10 ) (2/9/3-10 ) (2/8/3-10 .
1/9/3-10
)(Slip-Critical Connections Designed at Factored Loads
) (T
) (Net clamping force ) (r
) (1/8/3-10 ) (k[1]:
T
k = 1 )(6/3-10
1.13T N
:
: T )( )(1/3-10
).(kN
: N )( ) .(T
2/9/3-10
)(Slip-Critical Connections Designed at Service Loads
) (1/1/2- .
10/3-10 )( )(Bearing Strength at Bolt Holes

.
) (2/3-10 .
) (R ) (R / )(
:
..305 . 14352014/ 24/10

1/10/3-10 )(
:
1/1/10/3-10 )(
[1] :
R = 1.2L tF 2.4dtF )(7/3-10
2/1/10/3-10 )(
[1] :
R = 1.5L tF 3.0dtF )(8/3-10
2/10/3-10 ) (
[1]:
R = 1.0L tF 2.0dtF )(9/3-10
3/10/3-10 )(
) (7-10 ).(1/7-10
:
: )(LRFD) ( = 0.75
: )(ASD) ( = 2.00
:F )(MPa
:L )(mm
:d )( )(mm
:t )(mm
)(
.
11/3-10 )(Long Grips
)( ) (ASTM A307

) (5/3-10 ) (1 ) (2mm .
25/10 14352014/ ..305 .

4-10
)(Affected Elements of Members and Connecting Elements
1/4-10 )(Strength of Elements in Tension
) (Rn R n /
(Limit state of
) tension yielding )[1].(Tension rupture
- :
R = F A )(1/4-10
) 0.90 ( LRFD ) 1.67 ( ASD
- :
R = F A )(2/4-10
) 0.750 ( LRFD ) 2.00 ( ASD
:A 2 ) (mm2
)(. A e A n 0.85 A g
2/4-10 )(Strength of Elements in Shear

) (Limit state of shear yielding ) (Shear rupture [1]:
- :
R = 0.6F A )(3/4-10
) 1.00 ( LRFD ) 1.50 ( ASD
- :
..305 . 14352014/ 26/10

R = 0.6F A )(4/4-10
) 0.750 ( LRFD ) 2.00 ( ASD
:A ).(mm2
3/4-10 )(Block Shear Strength
/
[1]:
R = 0.6F A +U F A 0.6F A +U F A )(5/4-10

) 0.750 ( LRFD ) 2.00 ( ASD
: Agv ).(mm2
:Ant ).(mm2
: Anv ).(mm2
Ubs=1 .Ubs=0.5
4/4-10 )(Strength of Elements in Compression

[1]:
- KL / r 25:
P =F A )(6/4-10
) 0.750 ( LRFD ) 2.00 ( ASD
- KL / r 25 ) (5 .
27/10 14352014/ ..305 .

5-10)(Fillers
) (6 mm

.
) (6 mm
.
)( ) (6 mm
. )(
) (6 mm .
1/5-10 ) (18 mm
)( ]) [1 0.0154( 6 t
).(18 mm
2/5-10 )(

.
3/5-10 )(
) (2/5-10
4/5-10 .
6-10 )(Splices

.
.
7-10 )(Bearing Strength
Rn R n /
) ( [1]:
) 0.750 ( LRFD ) 2.00 ( ASD

..305 . 14352014/ 28/10
R [1]:
n
1/7-10
.
R = 1.8 F A )(1/7-10
:F .(MPa)
:A .(mm2)
2/7-10 )(Expansion Rollers and Rockers
[1]:d 635mm -
1.2 F 90 ld
= R )(2/7-10
20
[1]:d > 635mm -
30.2 F 90 ld
= R )(3/7-10
20
:
:d.(mm)
:l .(mm)
8-10 )(Column Bases and Bearing on Concrete
.
P Pp / c )( (Limit
) state of concrete crushing:
) 0.60 (LRFD ) 2.50 ( ASD
Pp :
29/10 14352014/ ..305 .

1/8-10 [5,1]:
P = 0.85f A )(1/8-10
2/8-10 [5,1]:
A
P = 0.85f A 1.7f A )(2/8-10
A
:A ).(mm2
:A
).(mm
: f ) .(N/mm2
9-10 )(Anchor Rods and Embedment

.
).(5/3-10
1/9-10
.3 mm
2/9-10
.6 mm
3/9-10 ) (tops
.13 mm
..305 . 14352014/ 30/10

4/9-10
10000 2 mm
.25 mm mm
5/9-10
.6 mm
(References)
13th Edition ,2005.
[2] " "
. 2002
[3]
.1999
Edition, 2008.
[6] Structural Welding Code - Steel; American Welding Society, AWS D1.1/D1.1M,
19th Edition. 2004.
31/10 2014/1435 305 ...

11
)( Other Design Considerations

) (Concentrated Forces ) (Ponding ).(Fatigue

. .
: .

.
.
1-11 )(Flanges and Webs Under Concentrated Forces

1/1-11 )(Design Basis
1/1/1-11 ) (2/1-11 ) (7/1-11
.
.
2/1/1-11
) (2/1-11
).(8/1-11
3/1/1-11
) (3/1-11 ) (6/1-11
.
4/1/1-11 )(7/1-11
.
1/11 14352014/ ..305 .

5/1/1-11 ) (2/1-11
) (8/1-11 ) (9/1-11
) (3/1-11 ) (6/1-11 ).(10/1-11
2/1-11 )(Flange Local Bending

.
1/2/1-11 ) (R ) (Rn/

[1]:
R = 6.25 t F )(1/1-11
:
).0.9 = (LRFD
.1.67 = (ASD)
: Rn .(N)
: Fyf .(MPa)
: tf .(mm)
2/2/1-11 ) (Fu )) (b ) ((1/1-11
) (b ) (0.15bf ) (bf ) (mm ) (1/1-11
.
tf
tw
b
tf
Fu
:1/1-11 ).(Flange Local Bending
..305 . 14352014/ 2/11

3/2/1-11 ) (10tf
) (Rn ).(%50
4/2/1-11 .
5/2/1-11
. ).(9/1-11
3/1-11 )(Web Local Yielding

.
1/3/1-11

) (R ) .(Rn/
1.5 = (ASD) 1.00 = (LRFD) : ) (Rn :
-1
) (d ) (2/1-11[4,1]:
R = (5k + N)F .t )(2/1-11
-2
) (d ) (2/1-11[1] :
R = (2.5k + N) F . t )(3/1-11
:
: Rn .(N)
: Fyw .(N/mm2)
: N ) ) (k (.(mm)
: k .(mm)
: tw .(mm)
2/3/1-11
.
3/11 14352014/ ..305 .

R R
<d N >d N
b
k
N+2.5K N+5K
tw
d d h
N+2.5K N+2.5K
k
N N
R R
:2/1-11 ).(Web Local Yielding
3/3/1-11
.
4/3/1-11
. ).(9/1-11
5/3/1-11 ) (1/3/1-11
).(10/1-11
4/1-11 )(Web Crippling

) (3/1-11
.
d R d R
>d N >d N
d d
N
N
N
:3/1-11 ).(Web Crippling

R

1/4/1-11 ) (R ) (Rn/

.
..305 . 14352014/ 4/11

2.00 = (ASD) 0.75 = (LRFD) :) (R :
-1
) (d/2[4,3,2,1]:
.
F .t
R = 1591500 1+3 )(4/1-11
t
-2
) (d/2:
. F .t
N t N
R = 795750 t 1+3 , 0.20 )(5/1-11
d t t d
. F .t
4N t N
R = 795750 t 1+ 0.20 , > 0.20 )(6/1-11
d t t d
:
: Rn .(N)
: d .(mm)
: tf .(mm)
2/4/1-11
.
. ).(9/1-11
3/4/1-11 1/4/1-11
).(10/1-11
5/1-11 )(Web Sidesway Buckling

) (4/1-11

. ) (R
) (Rn/ 1.76 = (ASD) 0.85 = (LRFD) : ) (R :
1/5/1-11 [4,3,2,1]:
5/11 14352014/ ..305 .
h
C .t .t t
= R 1 + 0.40 )(7/1-11
h l
b
. 2.30
. > 2.30
-1 ) (R

.
-2
.
. ).(9/1-11
-3
).(10/1-11
:4/1-11 ).(Web Side sway Buckling
2/5/1-11 [2]:
C . t . t h t
= R 0.40 )(8/1-11
h l b
1.70

. > 1.70

..305 . 14352014/ 6/11

) (R
.
:
:Rn .(N)
:l (mm)
).(5/1-11
: bf .(mm)
: tf .(mm)
: h

.(mm)
6.62 10 = C M < M .(MPa)
3.31 10 = C M M .(MPa)
: .(N.m) =M
:M
).(N.m
l=L
l=L
l=L
l=L/2
L/2
L
:5/1-11 ).(Unbraced Flange Length
7/11 14352014/ ..305 .

6/1-11 )(Web Transverse Compression Buckling
) (Vertical buckling )(6/1-11

.
:6/1-11 ).(Web Transverse Compression Buckling
1/6/1-11 ) (Rn ) (Rn/

) (Rn [3]:
47710382 t F
= R )(9/1-11
h
:
)0.9 = (LRFD
1.67 = (ASD)
2/6/1-11
) (d /2 Rn ).(%50
3/6/1-11
.
. ).(9/1-11
4/6/1-11 ).(10/1-11
7/1-11 ).(Web Panel Zone Shear

.
F ) (A-A ) (7/1-11
) (R [3,2,1]:
..305 . 14352014/ 8/11

M M
= F d + d V )(10/1-11
:
:Mu1 ) (1
).(N.m
:Mu2 ) (2
).(N.m
:V .(N)

Vu
:7/1-11 ).(Forces in Panel Zone
:7/1-11 ).(Forces in Panel Zone
1/7/1-11 ) (R ) (Rv/

. ) 1.67 = (ASD) 0.9 = (LRFD ) Rv( :
-1
) (8/1-11[2,1]:
R = 0.60 F . d . t )(11/1-11
P 0.40 P :
Pu
R = 0.60 F . d . t . 1.40 )(12/1-11
Py
9/11 14352014/ ..305 .

:8/1-11
).(Interactions of Shear and Axial Force in a Panel Zone-Elastic
-2
) (9/1-11:
3b t
R = 0.60 F . d . t . 1 + )(13/1-11
d . d . t
P 0.75 P :
3b t 1.20 P
R = 0.60 F . d . t . 1 + 1.90 )(14/1-11
d . d . t P
:
:tw .(mm)
:bcf .(mm)
: tcf .(mm)
: db .(mm)
: dc .(mm)
: Fy .(MPa)
:(LRFD) Fy. A = Py ).(N
(ASD) 0.6 Fy. A =Py
:A .(mm2)
: Pu .(N)
..305 . 14352014/ 10/11

:9/1-11
).(Interaction of Shear and Axial Force in a Panel Zone-Inelastic
2/7/1-11

.
3/7/1-11

. ).(9/1-11
8/1-11 )(Unframed Ends of Beams and Girders

. ).(9/1-11
9/1-11
)(Additional Stiffeners Requirements for Concentrated Forces
1/9/1-11 ) (10/1-11
[3].
-1
.
11/11 14352014/ ..305 .

-2
( ) ( Fy ).(MPa .
)
:10/1-11 ).(Beam to Column Connection
2/9/1-11
)(
) (0.80h
) (25tw ) (12 tw ).(11/1-11

bf bf
12 tw 25 tw
:11/1-11 ).(Transverse Stiffeners
3/9/1-11
. ).(1/8-10
..305 . 14352014/ 12/11

10/1-11
)(Additional Required of Double Plate for Concentrated Forces
) (3/1-11 ) (6/1-11 :
-1
.
-2
.
2-11 )(Ponding
1/2-11
) (%5 .
2/2-11

.
3/2-11 :
C + 0.90C 0.25 )(1/2-11

Id 3940 S4
:
L L
C = 504
I
S L
C = 504
I
:
: Lp ) (.(m)
: Ls ) (.(m)
: S .(m)
: Ip .(mm4)
: Is .(mm4)
: Id .(mm4)
13/11 14352014/ ..305 .

)( ) (Is
) (14 % .
.
4/2-11 ) (3%

.
3-11 )(Fatigue

.
1/3-11
.
.
.
1/1/3-11 )( :
-1 .
-2 )( )(
.
2/1/3-11
.
3/1/3-11
) .(150 C
2/3-11 ).(Definitions
-1 ) : (Fatigue
.
-2 ) : (Design Life
.
-3 ) :(Stress Range
. .
..305 . 14352014/ 14/11

-4 ) : (Fatigue Strength
.
-5 ) : (Fatigue Limit .
.
3/3-11 )(Basic Principles

1/3/3-11 )(Introduction
-1 .
-2
.
-3
.
.
-4
.
) (0.80
) (1/3-11 ).(1/3-11
2/3/3-11 :
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
3/3/3-11

[4,3].
15/11 14352014/ ..305 .

:1/3-11 ) (Fsm
)(Nominal Fatigue Resistant Stress Range Fsm for Constant Number of Stress Cycles
)Fsm (MPa
) (1

2,000,000 500,000 100,000
2,000,000
168 252 430 A
168
126 200 342 B
112
102 162 277 'B
85
91 145 248 C
70
49 71 112 192 D
32 56 89 153 E
18 41 65 111 'E
36 40 52 72 F
) (1 .3/3-11
12
.(MPa)
2.1

:1/3-11 ).(Stress Range Versus Number of Cycles
4/3/3-11 .
-1 :
F = F )(1/3-11
:
..305 . 14352014/ 16/11
: ).(1
: ).(1
: Fsm ).(MPa
: Fsra ).(MPa
-1 ) (Fsra
.
.
.
-2

) (%60 .

.
-3 )(2/3-11
.
:2/3-11
) .(Number of Loading Cycles-for Crane Structures
ADA
100000 5
500000 25
2000000 100
>100
: ADA 50
)(Average daily application for 50 years design life
-4 ) (3/3-11
:
) : (1 .
) : (2 .
) : (3 ) )( (.
17/11 14352014/ ..305 .

:3/3-11 ).(Classification of Details
) : (1 ).(Non-Welded Details

1.1 : A
.25 m
2.1 B
.25 m
1.2 B
.
.
2.2
'B
.
3.2
D
) ) ( (.
.3
E
) (I .
..305 . 14352014/ 18/11

:3/3-11 )) (Classification of Details(.
) :(2
).(Welded Structural Elements, With or Without Attachments

1.4 B
.
2.4 ) (1.4 . 'B
3.4
'B
.
.5 C

.
.6 D
).(g/h<2.5
.7 D
) (T.
.8 C
.
1.9 B

.
2.9 ) (1.9 C
) (0.1 .
19/11 14352014/ ..305 .

3/3-11 )(2
3.9 ) (1.9 ) (0.1 D

.
1.10 'B
.
) (2.5-1
.
.
2.10 ) (1.10 C
) (0.1 .
3.10 ) (2.10 ).(2.5-1 D
4.10 ) (1.10 ) (3.10 'E

.
1.11 D
.
) (10 mm .
2.11 ) (1.11 E
) (10 mm .
1.12 E

. 20 mm
1.12 < 20 mm 'E
2.12 'E

.
.13 E
. .25mm
< .25 mm 'E
.14
)(11-3/2
..305 . 14352014/ 20/11

3/3-11 )(2

1.15 D

.
2.15 ) (1.15 'E
.
.16 . E
.17 D
R> 50 mm .
R 50 mm E
.18 C
.
1.19 B
. .
R> 610 mm
610 mm > R150 mm C
150 mm >R50 mm D
R<50 mm E
2.19 ) (1.19 B
R> 610 mm .
610 mm > R150 mm C
150 mm >R50 mm D
R<50 mm E
3.19 ) (2.19 . C
610 mm > R150 mm C
150 mm >R50 mm D
R<50 mm E
4.19 )(2.19 R50 . D
mm
R<50 mm E
5.19 ) (4.19 E
).(R
.20 D
.
50 mm<a12t or 100mm
21/11 14352014/ ..305 .

3/3-11 )(2

)a>12t or 100 mm (t<25mm E

)a>12t or 100 mm (t25mm 'E
.21 C
.
a <50 mm
50 mm < a 12t or 100 mm D
)a>12t or 100 mm (t<25mm E
)a>12t or 100 mm (t25mm 'E
F =R F Category )(2/3-11
:
0.06 + 0.72
= 1.72 . 1.0
:3/3-11 ).(Classification of Details
) :(3 ) ( )).(Fasteners (Welds and Bolts

1.22 B
.
2.22 ) (1.22 . C
3.22 F
.
1.23 . D
2.23 . E
..305 . 14352014/ 22/11

3/3-11 )(3

3.23 . 'E
.24 . 'E
.25 . F
.26 F
.
1.27 C
.
2.27 )( . D
.28 )( F
) (.
-5 ) (Fsm
) (1/3-11
).(1/3-11
-6
)(
).(4/3-11
:4/3-11
).(Nominal Fatigue Stress Range for High Strength Bolts
)(MPa

10.9 8.8
3.6 2.9 N 20,000
3.2 2.6 20,000 < 500,000
2.5 2.0 500,000 < N
23/11 14352014/ ..305 .

4-11 )(Ductility
1/4-11 ) (Connections
) (Brittle ) .(Ductile

. )( .

)(.
2/4-11 )( :
- ) (.
- ) (Joints ) (Connections
.
- ) (Joints ) (Connections
)(
.
3/4-11 ) (
:

= )(1/4-11
y

: ) ( .
: y ) ( .
5-11 )(Minimum Thickness of Steel

1/5-11 ) (Bracing ) (Cross frames
) (Gusset plates ) (Rolled shapes )(Railings
) (Closed ribs ).(8 mm
2/5-11 ) (Rolled beams ) (Channels

).(7mm
..305 . 14352014/ 24/11

3/5-11 .
6-11 )(Diaphragms and Cross Frames

.
.
1/6-11 ).(I - Beams) (I

) (I
) (0.5 ) (Rolled section ) (0.75
. )/
( ) .(4
) (Diagonals ) (Cord .
) (Lb ) (I
:
R
L L )(1/6-11
10
:
: Lr ) (mm :
E
L = r )(1/6-11
F
:r ) (Effective radius of gyration :
bf
= r
Dt )(3/6-11
12 1 + 3b t
:
: R ).(mm
: Fyr ) Fyw
(0.7 Fyc ).(0.5 Fyc
: Dc ).(mm
25/11 14352014/ ..305 .
: tw ).(mm
: bfc ).(mm
: tfc ).(mm
2/6-11 ).(Box Beams

.

.
) (Diaphragms
.
3/6-11 )( )(Trusses and arches

)( )(Floor beams
.
).(Member alignment
) (Gusset plates )( .
)(References
[4] " "

. 2002
..305 . 14352014/ 26/11

12

)(Serviceability and Design Considerations

). (4/4-1
1-12 )(Basis of Serviceability Limit States

-1 ) (Serviceability
.
-2 ) .....(
.
.
:
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
.
2-12 )(Deflections, Vibrations and Drift
1/2-12 )(Deflection
1/1/2-12 )(Requirements
-1
.
1/12 14352014/ ..305 .
-2 ) (2/1/2-12
.
-3 ) (4/4-1
).(2/1/2-12
-4
.
2/1/2-12 )(Limiting Values
-1 ) (
) (1/2-12 [1]:
= + )(1/2-11
:
: ).(mm
: ).(mm
: ).(mm
).(mm
CL
)(0

)(1

)(2
L/2
L
:1/2-12 ).(Vertical Deflections to be Considered
-1 ) (
:
)(2/2-11
..305 . 14352014/ 2/12

-2 ) (1/2-12 ) (L
) .(mm ) (L .
-3
[1].
:1/2-12
).(Limiting Values for Vertical Deflections in Buildings

( ) (mm)
)(
L/250 L/300

L/400 L/500
L/160 L/200
L/140 L/180
L/650 L/800
L/250 --
2/2-12 )(Vibration
1/2/2-12 ).(Floor Vibration

.
.
2/2/2-12 )(Requirements
-1 .
-2
.
-3
.
-4 ) (4/4-1
).(2/1/2-12
3/12 14352014/ ..305 .

3/2/2-12 )[1](Structures Open to the Public
-1
.
-2
) 3 /( .
) ) (1+2 ) (2/1/2-12 ).((28 mm
-3
)5 /( .
).(10 mm
-4

.
4/2/2-12 )(Wind Oscillation

-
:
.
: -
-1 ).(Gust
-2 ).(Vortex
5/2/2-12 )(Earthquake Effect
).. (303 .
.
3/2-12 )(Drift
-1

.
-2
)[1] .(2/2-12
..305 . 14352014/ 4/12

:2/2-12 ) (
)(Drift (Horizontal Deflection) in Buildings

300 /
)(Portal frame
300 /
500 /
140 / )(Portal frame
)(without crane
)(Portal frame
) (140/ )(with crane
3-12 )(Fire Resistance

) (Super structure
. ):(1/3-12
:1/3-12 )(Fire Protection

)(mm
) (2 ) (1
35 20 )( )(Spray
1
30 15 )(Boarding
2
- 1-5 )(Intumescent paint
3
50 50
4
)(Reinforced concrete casing load bearing

25 25 5
) Reinforced concrete casing non- load
(bearing
5/12 14352014/ ..305 .

4-12 ).(Corrosion Protection
1/4-12
:
- .
- :
-1 )Hot-dip ) (Blast clean
.(galvanic, BS729, 85 m
-2 ) (Blast clean) (SA2
) .(Isocyanate pitch epoxy 450 m
2/4-12
:
- ) (Blast clean) (SA2 ) Coal-tar

.(epoxy 150 m
- ) (Blast clean) (SA2 ) 2 pack
.(MIO 125 m ) (zinc-rich epoxy 150 m
3/4-12 :
) (Blast clean) (SA2 ) (HB zinc phosphate 70 m

) .(Alkyd finish 70 m ) (Modified alkyd 70 m
4/4-12 :
- ) (Blast clean) (SA2

).(HB zinc phosphate 70 m
- ) (Manual clean CSt2
).(Non-oxiding paint 100 m
..305 . 14352014/ 6/12

- ) (Manual clean CSt2 )HB pitch m
.(solution 150
5-12 )(Connection Slip

.
. ) (Slip-Critical Connections )(8/3-10
)[2] .(9/3-10
6-12 )(Expansion and Contraction

.
) (building cladding .
7-12 )(Corrosion

.
8-12 )(Camber
)(
)( .

.

.
7/12 14352014/ ..305 .

(References)
305 ... 2014/1435 8/12

13

)(Fabrication, Erection and Quality Control

.
1-13 )(Shop and Erection Drawings
1/1-13 :
-
.
-
) (Rivets )( ) (Bolts )(Welds
.
-
.
-
) (Snug-tight ) Fully-tightened
(bearing ).(Slip-critical
2/1-13
.
2-13 )(Fabrication
1/2-13 ) (Cambering ) (Curving )(Straightening
-
.
-
) (565
1/13 14352014/ ..305 .

) (ASTM-A852
) (595 ) (ASTM -A514
) (650
)[5,4,3].(ASTM-A709
2/2-13 )(Thermal Cutting
- ) AWS D1.1, Sections 5.15.1.2, 5.15.4.3

.[1](and 5.15.4.4
-
) (Notches ) (Gouges ) .(5 mm
) (5 mm ) (Grinding .
- ) (Re-entrant corners
.
.
-
) .(6/1-10
) (ASTM-A6
) (50 mm ) (65
[5,4,3].
3/2-13 )(Planning of Edges
4/2-13 )(Welded Construction
) (Workmanship ) (Appearance
) (Techniques
..305 . 14352014/ 2/13

) (BS 5135 ) (AWS-D1.1
[4].
5/2-13 )( )(Bolted Connection Constructions
- )( ) (Bolted
) (Pinned .
) (Drift Pines )(

.
- )( )(3 mm
) (Punching
)( ) (3 mm ) (Drill )(Sub-punched
) (Reamer
.
- ) (ASTM-A514
) (12 mm.
- )(
) ( ) (1:20
)( .
) (Shims.
- )(
) (Gaskets .
- ) (Finger shims ) (6 mm
.
-
)(
.
-
.
3/13 14352014/ ..305 .

- ) (Pretension )(
) (70 )(.
- :
-1 ).(Turn-out-nut
-2 ).(Direct tension indication
-3 ).(Calibrated wrenches
) (Turned
)( .
6/2-13 )(Compression Joints
)(Contact bearing
) (Splice capacity ) (Milling ) (Sawing .
7/2-13 )(Dimensional Tolerances
[5,4,2].1/2-13
:1/2-13
.(mm)
) (1 ) Both ends finished
(for contact bearing

) (Without ends finished
) (2 )(10 m
) (3 ) (10 m
1000 /
..305 . 14352014/ 4/13

8/2-13 )(Finishing of Column Bases
[5,4]:
- ) (50 mm )(Milling

) (50 mm ) (100 mm
)( )(
.
) (100 mm )(
)( .
-
)( )( .
- ) (Grouting

.
- )full-
(penetration .
9/2-13 )(Holes for Anchor Rods

).(2/2-13
10/2-13 )(Drain Holes

HSS ) (Box members

.
11/2-13 )(Requirements for Galvanized Members

.
5/13 14352014/ ..305 .

3-13 )(Shop Painting
1/3-13 )(General Requirements
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
) )( .(1/3-13
- .
) (50 mm
.
-
.
- .

.
-

.
-

.
.
- ) (Sprayer ) (Roller
) (Flow coating ) (Dipping
.
.
..305 . 14352014/ 6/13

-

.
- .
.
- .

.
2/3-13 )(Inaccessible Surfaces
3/3-13 )(Contact Surfaces
4/3-13 )(Finished Surfaces
5/3-13 )(Surfaces Adjacent to Field Welds
)(50 mm

.
7/13 14352014/ ..305 .

4-13 )(Erection
1/4-13 )(Alignment of Column Bases
-
) (Concrete ) (Masonry

.
- ) (Base plates
.
2/4-13 )(Bracing
-
.
-
.
- .
3/4-13 )(Straightening

)( .
4/4-13 ) (Fitting of Column Compression Joint

) (Partial-joint-penetration
)( . ) (2 mm) (6 mm
) Non-tapered
..305 . 14352014/ 8/13

(shims
.
5/4-13 )(Field Welding
6/4-13 )(Field Painting
-
.
- .
-
)(

.
-
.
-
.
- )(

.
7/4-13 )(Field Connections
)(

.
9/13 14352014/ ..305 .

5-13 )(Quality Control
1/5-13 )(General
) (Fabrication

.
2/5-13
.

.
3/5-13 )(Rejection of Works
4/5-13 )(Inspection of Welding
-
) (AWS .
-
) (Nondestructive testing's .
..305 . 14352014/ 10/13

5/5-13 ) (Inspection of Slip-Critical Connections
)( )(High Strength Bolt

) (RCSC
)( ) (ASTM-A325 )[5].(ASTM-A490
6/5-13 )(Identification of Steel Works
- ) Shipping
(pieces
.
-
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
)(References
[1] Structural Welding Code - Steel; American Welding Society, AWS D1.1/D1.1M, 19th
Edition. 2004.
[5] " "

. 2002
11/13 14352014/ ..305 .

)(Design Requirements
1- )(Local Buckling
)(Slender-Element Compression Sections 1/1-

2 ) (Pn
) (Qa.Qs = Q ) (Qs / ).(Qa
) (Limit states
- :
P = F A )(1/1-

( ) : ( F 0.44QF )( )

F = Q 0.658 F )(2/1-

( ) : ( F < 0.44 F > )( )

F = 0.877F )(3/1-
(Fe) : ).(Elastic critical buckling stress
2/1- )(Unstiffened Slender Elements) (Qs
) (Qs:
-1 :
< (: )

Q = 1.0 )(4/1-
1/ 14352014/ ..305 .
(: < )

b
Q = 1.4125 0.00165 F )(5/1-
t
( )

138000
= Q
b )(6/1-
F t
-2
:
(: )

Q = 1.0 )(7/1-
(: < < )

b
Q = 1.41 0.00145 F k )(8/1-
t
(: )

180000k
= Q
b )(9/1-
F t
= k ) (0.35 ).(0.76

-3 :
(: )

Q = 1.0 )(10/1-
(: < < )

b
Q = 1.34 0.0017 F )(11/1-
t
..305 . 14352014/ 2/
(: )

105000
= Q
b )(12/1-
F t
: b ).(mm
-4 ):(T
(: )

Q = 1.0 )(13/1-
(: < < )

d
Q = 1.91 0.00273 F )(14/1-
t
(: )

138000
= Q
d )(15/1-
F t
: d .(mm) T
3/1- )(Stiffened Slender Elements) (Qa
) (Qa :
A
= Q )(16/1-
A
:A ).(mm
:Aeff ).(mm) (be
) (be :
3/ 14352014/ ..305 .
(
-1 )
855t 155
= b 1 b )(17/1-
)(bt
= f ) Fcr .(Q=1
(: -2 )

855t 170
= b 1 b )(18/1-
)(bt
(: < < -3 )

7600 2
= Q=Q + )(19/1-
(Dt)F 3

:D ).(mm
:t ).(mm
..305 . 14352014/ 4/

)(Columns and Other Compression Members
1- -
)(Design Compressive Strength for Flexural-Torsional Buckling

. c Pn
Pn
c
:
c 0.9 LRFD , ) c 1.67 (ASD
:Ag .Fcr= Pn ).(N
: Ag ).(mm2
) (Nominal critical stress)(Fcr :
: Q 1.50 -
F = Q 0.658 F )(1/1-
: Q > 1.50 -
0.877 )(2/1-
Fcr 2 Fy
c
c Fy / Fe )(3/1-
:1.0 = Q - ) ( ).(5-2
:Qa Qs = Q - ) ( ).(5-2
1/ 14352014/ ..305 .
)(.
) (F :
-1 :
1972000C w 1
Fe 2
GJ )(4/1-
K z L Ix Iy
-2 ):(y
Fey Fez 4 Fey Fez H

Fe 1 1 )(5/1-
2H
Fey Fez 2
-3 - ) (Fe
:
2 2

Fe Fex Fe Fey Fe Fez F Fe Fey x o Fe2 Fe Fex y o 0
e
2
)(6/1-
ro ro
: Kz .
: G ).(MPa
: Cw ).(mm6
: J ).(mm4
: Ix,Iy ).(mm4
: xo,yo ).(mm
Ix Iy
ro2 x o2 y 2o )(7/1-
A
x 2 y2
H 1 o 2 o )(8/1-
ro
..305 . 14352014/ 2/
1972000
Fex 2
K xL )(9/1-

r
x
1972000
Fey 2
K yL )(10/1-

ry

1972000C w 1
Fez 2
GJ 2
Ar )(11/1-
K z L o
:A ).(mm2
:L ).(mm
:Ky ,Kx y ,x .
:ry ,rx ).(mm
: ro ).(mm
3/ 14352014/ ..305 .

)(Beams and Other Flexural Members
1- 2-

3- .
1- )(Design for Bending
M M )(1/1-
) ( = 0.90 ) (M .
) (1/1- ) (1/2-6 ) (11/2-6
.
) (1/1- )(.
)( ) (
.
) (M :
.
.
.
) (M :
1/1- :
M =M )(2/1-
2/1- : >
:

M =C M M M M )(3/1-

:
1/ 14352014/ ..305 .

M = M M M )(4/1-

3/1- : <
:
M =M = SF M )(5/1-

) (.
) < ( ) (1/1- )(.
) ( ) ( < )(.
2- ).(Design for Shear

1/2- ).(Design for Shear
:
V V )(1/2-
) ( = 0.90 ) (M ) (V
:
:492 1/1/2-
V = 0.6F A )(2/2-
:613 > 492 2/1/2-
k
492 F
)(3/2-
V = 0.6F A
h/t
:613 < 3/1/2-
182000k
V =A )(4/2-
h
t
..305 . 14352014/ 2/
5
k =5+ 5.0 )(5/2-
a
h
< k = 5.0 < 3
: a .(m)
: h

.(m)
2/2- )(Lateral Stiffeners

( )

0.6F A C C (V )
7- ) (1/3-7 .k = 5.0
2/

:
I at j )(6/2-
2.5
=j 0.50 )(7/2-
a
h
-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
3/ 14352014/ ..305 .
-5 )(
).(300 mm
-6
16 ).(250 mm
3- .

.
1/3- ).(General Requirements

:
.1
.
.2 .
.3 d :
z
d=d 1+ )(1/3-
L
:
.6.0 0.268 =
: do .(mm)
: dL .(mm)
: z .(m)
: L .(m)
do d dL
z
L
:1/3- d
..305 . 14352014/ 4/
2/3- ).(Design Tensile Strength

.4
3/3- )(Design Compressive Strength

:
S
= 0.0022 QF )(2/3-

:
. =S
. =S
:K ).(Prismatic
: K .
: r .(mm)
: r .(mm)
: F .(MPa)
: Q
)( = .1.0 /
)( = 3-
.Q Q
4/3- )(Design Bending Strength

- :
M M )(3/3-
M = 1.66S F )(4/3-
: S .
F :
5/ 14352014/ ..305 .
F
F = 0.66 1.0 F 0.60F )(5/3-
6B F +F

F : F
F =B F +F )(6/3-
F : F
82000
F =
d )(7/3-
h LA
1180000
F =
L )(8/3-
h r
Ld
h = 1.0 + 0.230 )(9/3-
A
L
h = 1.0 + 0.00385 )(10/3-
r

:r
.(mm)
:A .(mm2)
) (B :
.1 ) (M2
M1 .
M M
B = 1.0 + 0.37 1.0 + + 0.50 1.0 + 1.0 )(11/3-
M M
f .2
f
.
..305 . 14352014/ 6/
f f
B = 1.0 + 0.58 1.0 + 0.70 1.0 + 1.0 )(12/3-
f f
f .3
f
.
f f
B = 1.0 + 0.55 1.0 + + 2.20 1.0 + 1.0 )(13/3-
f f
.4 .
1.75
=B )(14/3-
1.0 + 0.25
5/3- )(Design Shear Strength

.2-
6/3- )(Combined Bending and Axial Forces

8 :
P .1 P
.
M M M M .2
).(4/3-
C C : .3
1/6/3-
.
P P
C = 1.0 + 0.1 + 0.30 )(15/3-
P P
2/6/3- :
7/ 14352014/ ..305 .
P P
C = 1.0 0.9 + 0.60 )(16/3-
P P
1.50
.
..305 . 14352014/ 8/
:1/1- )(Nominal Strength Coefficients

Fcr
Mr
Mp
C X 2 X X
787 1+ FLSx
) (3)(4 2
F r

787
I- )(5 FLSxcFytSxt I
Mcr(Cb=1)=Mr F r
)(2
h/tw FyZx )
h/tw> 170 (
)(7 )(6 FLSx
F t ).(1

1681
ReFyfSx
F t
1/5-2

370 170 138000 I
FySy FyZy
F F t
).(1
1/1-

Fcr
Mr
Mp

400000 JA 26000 JA L 400000C JA
FySx FyZx
M M r S

400000 JA 26000 JA 400000C JA
2550 FytSeff
h t M M r S
F

Fy Z
626 500 S ) (
F FySeff
F F t S

I

14200 62000 14200 66000 M
< Dt D/t 4200
F F F Dt =

+F
Fy Z

1/1-

Fcr
Mr
Mp

FyZx

) (1 T
) (2
X =4 = X )(3
= )1 + 1 + X F (4
F = M , = )I J B + (1 + B + B ) M (5
IC = 1.0 I I > 0.9 B = 25 1 I I I < 0.1 I J (hL ) B = 2.25 2 I I ) 1 (h L I J :

K = 4 ht 0.35 K 0.763 F . F )(6
. .
= =
= 0.95 . ( )
= 0.83 )(7
) Seff(8 ) (be 3/1-

)(Plate Girders
1- )(Limitations

7 - 2-
).(1/1-7
2- )(Design Bending Strength

M = 0.90
M .
. )(
.7-
3- )(Design Shear Strength with Tension Field

V ) (kN
7- .1/2-
4- )(Lateral Stiffeners

7- .2-
7- .2/2-
5- )(Interaction of Bending and Shear

:
0.6V < V < V )(1/5-
0.75M < M < M )(2/5-
1 / 14352014/ ..305 .
:
M V
+ 0.625 1.375 )(3/5-
M V
..305 . 14352014/ 2/

)(Members Subjected to Combined Forces and Torsion
I 1.0
.
1-
)(Alternative Equations of Interaction for Members Subjected to Combined Stresses
I 1.0
) (1/2-8 ).(2/2-8
M M
+ 1.0 )(1/1-
` M ` M
C M C M )(1/1-
+ 1.0
` M ` M
:
: I
b d < 0.5 . = 1.0
. = 1.6 0.5
b
d 1.0

b d < 0.3 . = 1.0
0.3 1.0 d 1.0

b
. = 0.4 + +
:
: bf ).(mm
: d ).(mm
: Cm
) (1-3 ).(2-8
M = 1.2M 1 P P M )(3/1-
1/ 14352014/ ..305 .
M = 1.2M 1 P P M )(4/1-
=M 1
P
1
P )(5/1-
P P
P P )(6/1-
M =M 1 1
P P
P P )(7/1-
= 1.7
ln P P
P P P )(8/1-
= 1.7 a > 1.1
ln P P P
b = 1.0 P P 4.0 a = 0.06

b = 2.0 P P 2.0 a = 0.15
M = 1.2M 1 P P M )(9/1-
M = 1.2M 1 P P M )(10/1-
M =M 1
P
1
P 1.25 )(11/1-
P P (BH)
P P 1.25 )(12/1-
M =M 1 1
P P (BH)
:
: Pn .(N)
: Pu .(N)
: Py ).AgFy(N
: b = 0.9
: c = 0.85
: Pe ) (A F / ) ( .(N) 5-
: Mu .(N.mm)
..305 . 14352014/ 2/
: Mn ).(N.mm) (3/1-
: Mp .(N.mm) 1.5F S
: .
: B .(mm) x
: H .(mm) x
3/ 14352014/ ..305 .

)(Connections, Joints, and Fasteners
1- )(Welds
1/1- )(Design Strength
).(4/2-10
1/1/1 - Fw A w:

Fw 0.60 FEXX 1.0 0.50 sin 1.5 )(1/1-
0.75
:Exxx ).(MPa
) (.
:Aw ).(mm2
2/1/1-
F A ) (Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method
.F A
F = F
F = F

Fwi 0.60 FEXX 1.0 0.50 sin 1.5 f p )(2/1-
= 0.75
:Fwi .(MPa)
:Fwix x .Fwi
:Fwiy y .Fwi
: p i / m i .
1/ 14352014/ ..305 .
: m 0.209 2 w ).(mm
0.32
: i
).(mm) (ri
i ri u / rcrit )(3/1-
: u 1.087 6 w 0.17 w
0.65
.(mm)
: w .(mm)
: rcrit .(mm) u / ri
2 - )( )(Bolts and Threaded Parts
:1/1- ) ( Fv , )(
.MPa
Slip-Critical Resistance to Shear at Service Loads (Fv) for High Strength Bolts, MPa.
)(MPa
69 83 103 117 A325

90 103 124 145 A490
1/2- )( (High-Strength Bolts in

)Slip-Critical Connection
1/1/2- (Slip-Critical Connections Designed

)at Service Loads
Fv A b
.
..305 . 14352014/ 2/
1.0
.
) .(MPa) (1/1- Fv : Fv
) (1/1- ) (a . 0.33

.(Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification) RCSC

)(
).(0.75
2/2- (Combined Tension and Shear in Slip-Critical

)Connections
1/2/2- (Slip-Critical Connections Designed at

)Service Loads
) (T ) (Clamping Force
)( F A :
T
1 )(1/2-
0.8 Tb N b
:Tb ).(kN) (1/3-10
:Nb )( .T
3/ 14352014/ ..305 .

)(Steel Sections
:1/1- )(Steel Sections

IPE,UB,UC,I 1
2
W, HE , HL, HD,HP
IPN ,S 3
UAP,UPN,C 4
1/ 14352014/ ..305 .

L1
t L 5
L2
tf
bf
tw
T 6
d
t
7
b
Rectangular-HSS
t
8
b
Square-HSS
t

9
D Round-HSS
bf
tw
Z 10
d
tf
..305 . 14352014/ 2/

Nominal critical stress
Residual stress
Loads combinations
Groove
Re-entrant corners
Floor
Stability
Bearing
Radiographic
Diagonals
Tapered members
Individual Members
Prismatic members
Cruciform columns
Double symmetric columns
Beams coped
Base plates
Gusset plate
Perforated cover plates
Diaphragms
Tie plates without lacing
Buckling
Local buckling
Flexural
Flexibility
Drift
1/ 14352014/ ..305 .
Connection Slip
Compression
Vibration
Chords

Rivet

Tension field action
Corrosion
Ponding
Camber
Cambering
Lacing
Double lacing
Single lacing
Plastic Analysis
Elastic Analysis
Strength
Shear strength
Punching
Bracing
Torsional bracing
Lateral bracing
Rounded
Wind Oscillation
Erection
Spalling
Fabrication
Web Crippling
Dipping
305 ... 2014/1435 2/

Contraction
Curving
Straightening
Rupture
Expansion
Milling

Oversize hole

Stiffness

Notches
Theoretical throat
End panel

Serviceability
Yielding
Roughness

Deck
Rollers
Vortex

Crane
Curb
Shims
Corner
Connectors
Bearing connections
Slip-critical connections
3/ 2014/1435 305 ...
Bearing type shear connectors
Girders
Plate girders

Side sway
Weld tabs

Weld leg
Channel
Plug
Faying surfaces
Milled surfaces
Penthouse
Tolerances
Weld throat thickness

Provisions
Flange
Slot
Cantilever slot
-
Nuts
Grinding
Rigidity
Snug - tight

Sheet
LRFD

ASD
..305 . 14352014/ 4/

-
Gust
Effective Length Factor
Stiffened elements
Girts
Unshored

Holes
Prying action
Steel

Flat bars
Anchor rods
Weld electrode
Upset bar
Sag rods
Threaded rods
Clamping force
Shielded metal arc
Gas metal arc
Submerged arc
Flux cored arc
Cyclic forces
Brittle

Encased
Brackets
haunches
5/ 14352014/ ..305 .
Toe
Fatigue

Eccentricity
Groove weld
Complete joint-penetration groove weld
Partial joint penetration groove weld
Slot welds
Fillet weld
Plug welds
Flame
Plate
Torsion

Base material
Fasteners
Fixed
Bearing stiffeners
Lateral stiffeners
Intermediate stiffeners
Stiffener
Limitations
Specified
Section Modulus
Bolts ( )
High strength bolts )(
Anchor bolts )(
Truss ( )
Reamer
Alignment chart
305 ... 2014/1435 6/

Knee braces
Expansion rollers and rockers
Sprayer
Shear center
Pin
Continuous
Shored
Inspection
Metal
AISC
Rational
Lap joint
Size
Non-compact sections
Built up shapes
Rolled shapes
Composite sections
Formed sections
Compact sections
Hybrid sections
Resistance
Constructions
Tier structures
Ultrasonic

Gouges
Governing slenderness ratio
Radius of gyration
Sawing
7/ 2014/1435 305 ...

Termination
End return

Deflection
Frames
Unbraced Frames
Braced Frames
Portal Frame

Washers )(
Hardened washers )(
Stud
Web-tapered
Web
Splice
..305 . 14352014/ 8/

مدونة الانشاءات الفولاذية 305 2014

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مدونة الانشاءات الفولاذية 305 2014

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1/1 : 1

2-1 )(Limits of Applicability

1/2-1 )(Structural Steel Definition

2/2-1 )(Types of Construction

1/2/2-1 )(Rigid or Continuous Frame

2/2/2-1 )(Simple Frame

1/3-1 )(Structural Steel

2/3-1 )(Steel Casting and Forgings

1/2/3-1 )(Steel Casting

2/2/3-1 )(Steel Forgings

..305 . 14352014/ 2/1

)(Anchor Bolts and Threaded Rods

5/3-1 )(Filler Metal and Flux for Welding

6/3-1 )(Stud Shear Connections

3/1 14352014/ ..305 .

1/4-1 )(Required Strength

) (Elastic analysis ) (Plastic analysis

2/4-1 )(Limit State

..305 . 14352014/ 4/1

3/4-1 )(Design for Strength

5/1 14352014/ ..305 .

ASD ) (Allowable strength design

5-1 ) (Loads and Forces

)(Loads, Load Factors and Load Combinations

)1.2 D+ 1.6 L+ 0.5(Lr or S or R )(2/5-1

)1.2 D+ 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (0.5L or 0.8W )(3/5-1

)1.2 D+ 1.3W+ 0.5L+0.5(Lr or S or R )(4/5-1

1.2 D 1.0E +0.5L+0.2S )(5/5-1

)0.9 D (1.3W or 1.0E )(6/5-1

7/1 14352014/ ..305 .

L 1.0 ) (4/5-1) (3/5-1)(5/5-1

)D+ (Lr or S or R )(9/5-1

)D+ 0.75L+0.75(Lr or S or R )(10/5-1

)D 0.75(W or 0.70E) + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R )(12/5-1

)0.6 D (W or 0.70E )(13/5-1

..305 . 14352014/ 8/1

3/5-1 )(Crane Runway Horizontal Forces

6-1 )(Referenced Codes and Standards

-ASTM- A36 Standard Specification for Structural Steel.

9/1 14352014/ ..305 .

2/7-1 )(Standard Symbols and Nomenclature

3/7-1 )(Notation for Welding

[1] Specification for Structural Steel Buildings ; An American National Standard

[3] Manual of Steel Construction ; American Institute of Steel Construction, AISC,

..305 . 14352014/ 10/1

2014/1435 305 ...

1-2 )(Gross Area

) (Angle " " .

2-2 )(Net Area

) (Plug or Slot weld

3-2 )(Effective Net Area of Tension Members

2/4-2 )(Frames Stability

1/2/4-2 )(Bracing of Structures

3/2/4-2 )(Effective Length Factor) (K

1/3/2/4-2 ) (Braced Frames )(Joint Translation

..305 . 14352014/ 4/2

5-2 )(Local Buckling

1/5-2 )(Classification of Steel Sections

1/1/5-2 )[6,3] (Compact Section

1/1/1/5-2 ) (Flanges ).(Web

2/1/5-2 )[6,3] (Non-Compact Section

3/1/5-2 )[6,3] (Slender Section

)[3,1] (Stiffened Elements 5/1/5-2

6/1/5-2 ) (Tapered ][3,1