General Studies (Mains) 2013 Questions: WWW - Gktoday.in

Ta rget 2013 General Studies (Mains) 2013
www.gktoday.in Ethics and Integrity-2
Questions
1. Write a short note on Socrates Ethics.
2. What do you mean by Cardinal Virtues? Comment on the unity of virtues.
3. Comment on the significance of Prudence as charioteer of other virtues.
4. What is Temperance? What is its significance in our lives?
5. Briefly describe the concept of good life as propounded by Aristotle.
6. What do you understand by the Psychological Egoism and Ethical Egoism? Differentiate between the two.
7. Comment on the following:
1. Tat Tvam Asi
2. Guna Dynamics in Indian Philosophy
3. Nishkam and Sakam Karma
8. Compare Nishkam Karma and Sakam Karma. Which one appeals you?
9. Write a short note on Karma Yoga and its significance in our lives.
10. Comment on Buddhist Ethics.
11. Write an explanatory note on four noble truths.
12. List out the essentials of Jain Ethics.
13. Comment on the role of Dr. B R Ambedkar in his fight against social discrimination.
14. Comment on the views of Swami Vivekananda on World Peace, Religion and Brotherhood.
15. Comment on the views of Swami Vivekananda on Education.
16. The centre of Tagores philosophy was man of god. Comment.
17. What are the most common negative emotions at work? How to overcome them?
18. Write a short note on self control in our lives.
19. Discuss various issues with emotional intelligence in public services. How to deal with them?
20. Comment on the importance of emotional intelligence in organizational behaviour.
21. Write a short note on: Public servants Obligation to the community.
22. What are Ethical Dilemmas? How they arise?
23. Discuss the process of resolving ethical dilemmas in administration.
24. What are the common ethical dilemmas with which the public servants are confronted.
25. What do you mean by accountability? Discuss its significance in Good Governance.
26. Ethics is grounded in the notion of responsibility and accountability. Comment.
27. A civil servant is responsible and accountable to the government, the society and the people. Comment.
28. Write a short note on: Collusive Corruption.
29. What is Good about Good Governance?
30. Discuss the basic elements of Good Governance.
31. What are the main hindrances to Good Governance in India?
32. What is probity? Discuss its implications in our lives.
33. Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance
and for socio-economic development. Comment.
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Chap ter 1 . Con t rib u tion of Mo ra l T hin ke rs - W es t

Human Values lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators
Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world
Socrates Self Knowledge

1. Write a short note on Socrates Ethics / Socratic Method.
Socrates, Plato Aristotle

constantly questioned of authorities and public figures

he brought philosophy down from the skies

disrespecting the city's traditional gods corrupting the young

Ethics of Socrates
Self-knowledge is the sufficient condition to the good life

What one truly knows is the dictates of one's conscience or
soul:Socratic Paradox I know I know nothing.
Read this for bit more on Socrates Paradox. http://goo.gl/omtCdx
Socratic Method
Quiz Method of Education

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Platos Cardinal Virtues
2. What do you mean by Cardinal Virtues? Comment on the unity of virtues.

CardinalTheological

state should be with people with such virtues
Prudence
x

Justice
x
Temperance
x
Courage
x
the unity of the virtues."

How could a person who cannot control his or
her appetites (thus is intemperate) be just or prudent?

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Prudence
3. Comment on the significance of Prudence as charioteer of other virtues.
charioteer of the
other virtues

"In matters of conscience, first thoughts are best. In
matters of prudence, last thoughts are best." Robert
Hall

practical wisdom, insight, and
knowledge. Prudence is right reason in action

Temperance
4. What is Temperance? What is its significance in our lives?
protects against excess

Courage

x Valour
x Determination:
x Reliability:
x Vigour:
Justice

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9 Teamwork:
9 Equality:
9 Headship:
Aristotles concept of good life
5. Briefly describe the concept of good life as propounded by Aristotle.

We shall be happy, he says, when we act in accordance with virtue and we shall be
most happy when we act in accordance with the highest form of virtue.
four levels of existence the fulfilment

The vegetative level
x

x

The appetitive level
x

The Deliberative level
x

x

The contemplative level
x

x

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The Psychological Egoism of Thomas Hobbes
6. What do you understand by the Psychological Egoism and Ethical Egoism? Differentiate between the two.
we perceive to be in our own
best self-interest.
Every voluntary

action is a desire for

one's own welfare

Hobbes Psychological egoism

Charity
x

Pity
x

x ruled out the possibility of morally obligatory acts of altruism

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Do to others as you would have them do to you, for doing good to others
will help ensure that they do well to us

solitary, poor, nasty, brutish
and short.

Ayn Rand- Altruism and Ethical Egoism
Any action taken for the benefit of others is good, and any
action taken for ones own benefit is evil

x

x

x

x

x

x

Difference between the psychological egoism of Hobbes and the ethical egoism of Ayn rand
Hobbess Psychological egoism
x
x
x

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x

x

Ayn Rands Ethical egoism
x
x
x

x

x

Other Western Thinkers
Kants ethics

Utilitarianism by Mills

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Chap ter 2 . Con t rib u tion of Mo ra l T hin ke rs - In dian

Lord Krishna in Bhagwad Geeta

dharma
mama

7. Comment on the following:
1. Tat Tvam Asi
2. Guna Dynamics in Indian Philosophy
3. Nishkam and Sakam Karma
Tat Tvam Asi in Bhagwad Geeta

: Tat Tvam Asi

9 Tvam
9 Tat,

9 Asi
Thou art God.

The Guna Dynamics in Bhagwad Geeta

9
9
9

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9
9

9

Nishkama Karma in Bhagwad Gita
Nishkama KarmaSakam
Karma

[ @
[

[ [M[
Thou hest a right to action but only action, never to its fruits; let not the fruits of thy works be thy
motive; neither let there be in thee any attachment to inactivity.
Nishkam Karma and Sakam Karma
8. Compare Nishkam Karma and Sakam Karma. Which one appeals you?

9

9
9
9

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Karma Yoga in Gita
9. Write a short note on Karma Yoga and its significance in our lives.

9
9
9
9
9
Choice between Karma and Jnana Yoga

Karma Yoga concepts:
9
9

9
9
Duties of a Jnani:
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9

9

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9

9

5 Point program for a Karma Yogi

9

9

9

9

9

Obstacles in Karma Yoga and how to handle them

Buddhist ethics.
10. Comment on Buddhist Ethics.

Not killing or causing harm to other living beings
9

Not taking the not-given
9

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Avoiding sexual misconduct

9

Avoiding false speech
9

Abstaining from drink and drugs that cloud the mind
9

Four Noble Truths
11. Write an explanatory note on four noble truths.
Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta

1st Truth
o

o

2nd truth
o

o

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3rd truth
o

o

4th Truth

Eightfold Noble Path

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
Ethics of Jainism
12. List out the essentials of Jain Ethics.

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Right Perception

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Right Knowledge

Universal Entities

Right Conduct

o
o
o
o
o

Dr. B R Ambedkar
13. Comment on the role of Dr. B R Ambedkar in his fight against social discrimination.

9
9
9
9
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You have nothing to lose except your religion

Independent Labour Party
Swami Vivekananda
World Peace, Religion and Brotherhood
14. Comment on the views of Swami Vivekananda on World Peace, Religion and Brotherhood.
unity and
equality of all religions

Each race has a part to play in this divine harmony of nations. Each race has its mission to perform its
duty to fulfil. The sum total is the great harmony.

If you are born a Muslim, be a
good Muslim and if you are born a Hindu, be a good Hindu

How I wish to have in my India an Islamic body with a
Vedantic head

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don't touchism religion of the kitchen

Education
15. Comment on the views of Swami Vivekananda on Education.

The end and aim of all training is to make the man grow; the training, by which the current
and expression of will are brought under control and become fruitful, is called education.
muscles of iron and nerves of steel, gigantic wills which
nothing can resist, which can penetrate into the mysteries and secrets of the universe and will
accomplish their purpose in any fashion, even if it meant going down to the bottom of the
ocean and meeting death face to face.
We want that Education by which character is formed, strength of mind is
increased, the intellect is expanded, and by which one can stand on one's feet

Concept of personality
personality

administration can bring
this i

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x Karma yoga:
x Bhakti-yoga:

x Raja-Yoga:
x Jnana-Yoga:
Rabindranath Tagore

Spiritual Humanism:
16. The centre of Tagores philosophy was man of god. Comment.
The centre of Tagores philosophy was man of god

His political ideas:

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His social ideas:

His idea about education:

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Chap ter 3. Em oti on al In t ell ig en ce ( Con t d)

The most common negative emotions at work
17. What are the most common negative emotions at work? How to overcome them?

How to deal with Frustration?

Self control
18. Write a short note on self control in our lives.

Issues with Emotional Intelligence in Public Services
19. Discuss various issues with emotional intelligence in public services. How to deal with them?

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Lack of understanding

Study of Individual difference

Training programs

contextualmotivational factors

Importance of emotional intelligence in organizational behaviour
20. Comment on the importance of emotional intelligence in organizational behaviour.

People

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Structure

Organic form of organisation

Environment

Development of Emotional Intelligence

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Chap ter 4 . Pub li c/ c iv il s erv i c e v alu es an d e th ics in p ub lic ad min is t rat i on
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in
government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and
ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and
funding; corporate governance

Importance of Ethical Behaviour of public servants

Service throughout the country and its strong binding character
Non-partisan advice in the midst of political instability and uncertainties
Administrative and managerial capacity of the services
Effective policy-making and regulation
Effective coordination between institutions of governance
Leadership at different levels of administration.
Service delivery at the cutting edge level
Provide continuity and change to the administration.
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Public Servants Obligation to the Community

21. Write a short note on: Public servants Obligation to the community.

Ethical Dilemmas
22. What are Ethical Dilemmas? How they arise?

Reasons of Ethical Dilemma
ethical values and rules

Personal Cost Ethical Dilemmas

Right-versus-Right Ethical Dilemmas

Conjoint Ethical Dilemmas,

9
9

9
9

9

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9

9

9

9

9

Process of resolving an ethical dilemma in administration
23. Discuss the process of resolving ethical dilemmas in administration.

accountability
law
integrity
Responsiveness
Accountability

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Legality

Integrity Common ethical dilemmas with which public servants are

confronted
x administrative discretion
x corruption
x nepotism
x administrative secrecy
x information leaks
x public accountability
x policy dilemmas

Responsiveness

Common ethical dilemmas with which public servants are confronted
24. What are the common ethical dilemmas with which the public servants are confronted.

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Chap ter 5 . A cco un tab ili ty an d G ood G ov ern an c e
Accountability
25. What do you mean by accountability? Discuss its significance in Good Governance.

Accountability vis-a-vis Good Governance

9
9
9
9 Accountability is not to be viewed only in terms of democratic control and integrity of
operations but also in terms of performance.

9
9
9
9
9

Features of Accountability

Importance of accountability

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FacestT of accountability

x first is political,

x second facet is primarily administrative

Executives accountability to Parliament

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Accountability of Civil Servants
All civil servants working in a ministry are accountable to the minister.

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x

x

x

x

x

x

Civil service must be pruned; and the surviving part should, as
far as possible, be brought under social audit.
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Ethics and Notion of Accountability

26. Ethics is grounded in the notion of responsibility and accountability. Comment.

9
9
9

o

o

o

o

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Responsibility and Accountability of Civil Servants

27. A civil servant is responsible and accountable to the government, the society and the people. Comment.

Civil servants accountability to the Government

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Civil servants responsibility towards the people and the society

Conceptualization of a good administration by World Bank

Principles for managing ethics in public service by United Nations

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9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

Corruption in Private Bodies
28. Write a short note on: Collusive Corruption.

9 Collusive corruption

Controlling Corruption in Private Sector

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The Competition Act was enacted by
parliament in 2002 and it was
amended later. In addition to its
advocacy role, the Competition
Commission also performs to check
corporate malpractice and abuse, the
misuse of dominant positions and
cartelisation

Concept of corporate governance
Historical Background:

Concept of corporate governance
9 According to the Institute of Company Secretaries of India

9 As per Standard and Poor Corporate Governance is the way a company is organized and
managed to ensure that all financial stakeholders receive a fair share of the companys
earnings and assets.
World Bank

Corporate Governance and INDIA

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Factors influencing the quality of Corporate Governance

9
9
9
9
9
9
Corporate governance and Increase in performance

OECD Principles with respect to Corporate Governanace

Corporate Governance & Ethics
9

9

Need for the Ethics Code for Corporate Governance
9

9

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Organizational challenges in institutionalizing ethics in Corporate

o

Kumar Manglam Birla committee Recommendations on Corporate Governance

mandatory non-
mandatory.
9

9

Mandatory Recommendations

`
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Composition of board of directors should be optimum combination of executive & non-executive

directors.
Audit committee should contain 3 independent
directors with one having financial and
accounting knowledge.
Remuneration committee should be setup
The Board should hold at least 4 meetings in a
year with maximum gap of 4 months between 2
meetings to review operational plans, capital
budgets, quarterly results, minutes of committee's
meeting.
Director shall not be a member of more than 10
committee and shall not act as chairman of more
than 5 committees across all companies
Management discussion and analysis report covering industry structure, opportunities, threats,
risks, outlook, internal control system should be ready for external review
Any Information should be shared with shareholders in regard to their investments.
Non-Mandatory Recommendations

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

Narayana Murthy committee Recommendations
Committee on Corporate Governance

the relative importance, fairness, accountability, transparency, ease of implementation,
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verifiability and enforceability related to audit committees, audit reports, independent directors,
related parties, risk management, directorships and director compensation, codes of conduct and
financial disclosures.

Strengthening the responsibilities of audit committees
x

Quality of financial disclosures
x

Proceeds from initial public offerings
x

Other recommendations
x

x

x

x

Whistle Blower Policy

Implementation issue

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Chap ter 6. Goo d gov ern an ce

Defining Good governance
29. What is Good about Good Governance?

Origin and emergence of the concept of good governance
x

x

x

"Good" about governance

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Basic features or elements of good governance

30. Discuss the basic elements of Good Governance.
Good governance has 8 major characteristics

Participation
9

9

Rule of law
9

9

Transparency
9

9

Responsiveness
9

9

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Equity and inclusiveness

9

9

Effectiveness and efficiency
9

9

Accountability
9

Rule of Law
9

Significance of good governance
KautilyaArthashastra
In the happiness of his subject lies his happiness, in their welfare his welfare, whatever
please himself he shall not consider good.

x

x
x

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Main hindrances to good governance
31. What are the main hindrances to Good Governance in India?

Corruption
9

Inefficiency of Bureaucracy
9

Nepotism and Politicization in Public Administration
9

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9

Improper use of resources
9

Poor planning strategy
9

9

Measures for good governance taken by India

x

x
x
x Right to Information Act, 2005

x Citizen's Charter.
x Lokpal Bill

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Chap ter 7. Prob i t y in Gov ern an ce

Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and
transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizens Charters, Work culture, Quality
of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
Probity in Personal Life

32. What is probity? Discuss its implications in our lives.
Probity literally means a complete and confirmed integrity; having strong moral principles.

Dharma, Karma, Lajja and Kripa

Good Governance and Probity
33. Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of
governance and for socio-economic development. Comment.

9

x

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x

x

Information Sharing and Transparency in Governance

Access to information

9
9
9
9
9
Ethics and Integrity

o
o
o

o
o
o

o

o
o
o
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o

o

o
o
Targeting specific issues

o
o
o
Assessment and Monitoring

x
x

Code of ethics for civil services

Personal and Familial Virtues
9 Administrative ethics may flow from three sources.
9 The first is the profession itself, which necessarily
articulates and upholds certain norms of conduct
and action.
9 The second, norms laid down by the civil service
rules and regulations.
9 The third, Personal beliefs and values which are
highly individualised in nature but which
nevertheless project themselves rather strongly in
a civil servant's action.

9
'Govind
Menon versus Union of India
Office-Related Behaviour
9

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9

Use of Discretionary Powers
9

9

Property Acquisition
9

Conflict of Interest

It is for these reasons that the High Court judges are
prevented after retirement from practising before the same court, or the Supreme Court judges, from
practising before any court or the Comptroller and Auditor- General of India from accepting any
government post after retirement.
Chap ter 8. Cor rup t ion

Neta
Babu
Lala
Dada
General public / we the citizens of India.

Power corrupts people and absolute power corrupts absolutely

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What is the solution?
9

9

9

Causes of Corruption

deficiencies of the political system

Human Nature

Fear of survival

Economic Scarcity

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Lack of Transparency in Administrations

Insecurity

Legal Procedures

Injustice

Technological

Other Causes

Anti-corruption Efforts

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Prevention of Corruption Act, 1948

Central Vigilance Commission
Veneet Narain and Others vs. Union of India

a Code of Ethics for Central Government
employees

Proposed amendment to Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988

both public and private sectors

Is this act for only public servants?

What ambiguity is there in matter of bribery in the act?

exception for consensual bribery

What safeguards the bill provides for retired public servants?

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How this proposed act expands the definition of bribery?

Benami Transaction Prohibition Bill 2011

Coparcener: One of two or more
persons sharing an inheritance; a
joint heir. Also called parcener

Fiduciary: Relating to or of the
nature of a legal trust i.e. the
holding of something in trust for
another

Benami Transaction Benami Property prohibited benami
transactions consequences of entering into a prohibited benami transaction
procedure for implementing the benami law

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The Prevention of Money Laundering Act

Whistleblower Protection Bill 2011

Please refer to Mains-12 for more information on this bill.
Impact of corruption on administration
9

9

9

9

9 Corruption weakens the State and its ability to promote development and social justice.
9

9

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Existing institutions / agencies for dealing with vigilance and anti-corruption

Intelligence Bureau
9

9

9

9

Central Bureau of Investigation
9

9

9

9

9

Central Vigilance Commission
9

o
o
o
9

o
o
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o
Economic Intelligence Bureau
9

Sales Tax Division
9

Directorate of Revenue Intelligence:
9

9

9

9

9

The Citizen Administration interface

9
9

9

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9

9

Concept, origin and principles of citizens charters
Citizen charter

Origin of Charter

six principles

9
9
9

9
9

9

Set standards of service
9
Be open, provide full information
9
Consult and involve
9
Encourage access and promotion of choice
9
Treat all fairly
9
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Put things right when they go wrong

9

Use resources effectively
9

Innovate and improve
9

Work with other providers
9

Problems faced in implementing the citizens charters

9
9
9
9
9
9

9
9
9
9
9
Sevottam framework and its relationship with 15700: 2005
Origin of Sevottam

What is Sevottam?

9
9

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9

Objectives of Sevottam

Steps involved in Service delivery
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Seven Steps to Sevottam Compliant Grievance Redress System
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

IS 15007:2005

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Elements of IS 15700:2005

9
9

9

Quality management in public services
Issues
9

9
9

9
9
9
9
9
9
9

9
Solutions of TQM in public services
9

9

9

9
9
9
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9

Various instruments of redressal of public grievances

9
9
9

9

9
9

9

9

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General Studies (Mains) 2013 Questions: WWW - Gktoday.in

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Ta rget 2013 General Studies (Mains) 2013

www.gktoday.in Ethics and Integrity-2

Chap ter 1 . Con t rib u tion of Mo ra l T hin ke rs - W es t

Socrates Self Knowledge

Chap ter 2 . Con t rib u tion of Mo ra l T hin ke rs - In dian

Avoiding sexual misconduct

Chap ter 3. Em oti on al In t ell ig en ce ( Con t d)

Public Servants Obligation to the Community

Integrity Common ethical dilemmas with which public servants are

Ethics and Notion of Accountability

Responsibility and Accountability of Civil Servants

Civil servants responsibility towards the people and the society

  

Factors influencing the quality of Corporate Governance

Organizational challenges in institutionalizing ethics in Corporate

Composition of board of directors should be optimum combination of executive & non-executive

Chap ter 6. Goo d gov ern an ce

Basic features or elements of good governance

Equity and inclusiveness

Chap ter 7. Prob i t y in Gov ern an ce

Probity in Personal Life

Lack of Transparency in Administrations

Existing institutions / agencies for dealing with vigilance and anti-corruption

Put things right when they go wrong

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