Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU.

Hawassa
University

Example 1: A pre-stressed concrete beam with a parabolic tendon as shown below is

subjected to a uniformly distributed load including self weight of 45KN/m and to an
effective pre-stressing force of 1120KN. Compute and draw the extreme top and bottom
fiber concrete stresses at the mid span using the three analysis concepts.

300mm

8m
Solution:

x-section properties:

area of the x-section

= 2 100 390 + 100 720 = 1500002

center of gravity (elastic neutral axis)

since the x-section is symmetrical, the center of gravity or elastic neutral axis is at mid depth that
is ytop = ybottom =460mm.

Second moment of area about the neutral axis

390 1003 100 7203

= 21 + 2 = 2 [ + 390 100 4102 ] + = 1.63 1010 4
12 12

eccentricity of the Tendons

= 460 300 = 160

Maximum span moment

2 45 82
. ( ) = = = 360
8 8
a) stress concept

top fiber stress:

= +

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Advanced Structural Design (CEng 5721) Chapter 4 Examples 1
Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU. Hawassa
University

1120 103 360 106 460 1120 103 160 460

= + = 12.572 ()
150000 1.63 1010 1.63 1010
bottom fiber stress:

= +

1120 103 360 106 460 1120 103 160 460
= 10
+ 10
= 2.362 ()
150000 1.63 10 1.63 10

b) strength(internal couple) concept

from equilibrium of horizontal forces C=P=1120KN

from equilibrium of moments M=C*z, where z= e+ec

360 106
= + = = = 321.43
1120 103

= = 321.43 160 = 161.43

top fiber stress:

1120 103 1120 103 161.43 460

= + = + = 12.572 ()
150000 1.63 1010
bottom fiber stress:

1120 103 1120 103 161.43 460

= = = 2.362 ()
150000 1.63 1010

c) load balancing concept

for parabolic tendon profile the balancing load wb is given by

8 8 1120 0.16
= = = 22.4/
2 82
( ) = = 45 22.4 = 22.6/

( ) 2 22.6 82
= = = 180.8
8 8

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Advanced Structural Design (CEng 5721) Chapter 4 Examples 2
Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU. Hawassa
University

top fiber stress:

1120 103 180.8 106 460

= + = + 10
= 12.572 ()
150000 1.63 10
bottom fiber stress:

1120 103 180.8 106 460

= = = 2.362 ()
150000 1.63 1010
ft=12.57N/mm2

fb=2.36N/mm2

Example 2: The Tendons of a pre-tensioned concrete beam shown below is stretched by a pre-
stress force of 1200KN and is reduced to 1150 KN immediately after transfer. The beam carries a
concentrated LL of 50KN at mid span in addition to self weight. If this beam is constructed from
concrete C-40 and Tendons with fpk =1600Mpa class I works, check the safety of the concrete
extreme fiber stresses at mid span and determine the area of tendons required. Assume that the
characteristic compressive strength of concrete at time of transfer is 30.2Mpa.
300mm

960mm
e =120mm

12m

Solution:

section properties:

area of the x-section

= 300 960 = 2880002

center of gravity (elastic neutral axis)

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Advanced Structural Design (CEng 5721) Chapter 4 Examples 3
Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU. Hawassa
University

since the x-section is symmetrical, the center of gravity or elastic neutral axis is at mid depth that
is ytop = ybottom =480mm.

Second moment of area about the neutral axis

300 9603
= = 2.212 1010 4
12
eccentricity of the Tendons

= 120

pre-stressing force

at transfer

= 1150

at working time (after all losses)

= 0.78 1200 = 936 (pre-stress loss =22% for pre tensioning)

Maximum span moment

self weight w = 0.3*0.96*25=7.2KN/m

at transfer

2 7.2 122
. ( ) = = = 129.6
8 8

at working loads (service time)

2 7.2 122 50 12
. ( = + ) = + = + = 279.6
8 4 8 4
Permissible stresses:

concrete:

at transfer

= 30.2

= 0.21 2/3 = 0.21 30.22/3 = 2.04

= 0.5 = 0.5 30.2 = 15.1

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Advanced Structural Design (CEng 5721) Chapter 4 Examples 4
Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU. Hawassa
University

= = 2.04

at working loads

= 0.8 40 = 32

= 0.21 2/3 = 0.21 322/3 = 2.12

= 0.5 = 0.5 32 = 16

= = 2.12

Steel(tendons):

during tensioning

, = 0.8 = 0.8 1600 = 1280

at transfer
, = 0.75 = 0.75 1600 = 1200

after all loses (at working loads)

, = 0.6 = 0.6 1600 = 960
calculate and check the top and bottom fiber concrete stress
at transfer
top fiber stress
1150 103 129.6 106 480 1150 103 120 480
= + = +
288000 2.212 1010 2.212 1010
= 3.81/2 < = 15.1/2 !
bottom fiber stress
1150 103 129.6 106 480 1150 103 120 480
= + = +
288000 2.212 1010 2.212 1010
= 0.19/2 < = 15.1/2 !
after all losses (at working loads)
top fiber stress
( + )
= +

936 103 279.6 106 480 936 103 120 480
= +
288000 2.212 1010 2.212 1010
= 6.88/2 < = 16/2 !

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Advanced Structural Design (CEng 5721) Chapter 4 Examples 5
Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU. Hawassa
University

bottom fiber stress

( + )
= +

936 103 279.6 106 480 936 103 120 480
= +
288000 2.212 1010 2.212 1010
= 0.38/2 > = 2.12/2 !

calculate the amount of tendons required

during tensioning

1200 103
, = 1280 = = 937.52
, 1280

at transfer
1150 103
, = 1200 = = 958.332
, 1200

after all loses (at working loads)

936 103
, = 960 = = 9752
, 960

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Advanced Structural Design (CEng 5721) Chapter 4 Examples 6