Group name: Cheah Sheng Xun

: Tan Ying Sing

: Tan Yi Jing
: Ng Yi Hui
: Teoh Chin Loon

Animal Testing

What do you feel if one of your family has been kidnapped by someone and use to testing
new drug?
Worldwide it is estimated that the number of vertebrate animalsfrom zebrafish to non-
human primatesranges from the tens of millions to more than 100 million used annually. In the
United States in 2014, official statistics indicate that 834,453 vertebrates were used in research. In the
European Union, these species represent 93% of animals used in research. If the same was true in the
United States, then the total number of animals used in research is estimated to be between 12 and 25
million. One estimate of mice and rats used in the United States alone in 2001 was 80 million. In the
European Union in 2011, 11.5 million animals were used in research. Mice, rats, fish, amphibians and
reptiles together account for over 85 percent of research animal
For your information Animals will be held down by metal bands or locked in small cages
with a hole cut out for the animals head to be trapped into so they cannot move around and be a
hassle while being tested on.

This is certainly true considering the sleeping pill thalidomide in the 1950s, which
caused servere deformities to thousands of babies being born. The drug was definitely tested
on animals, but it did lead to serious effects. Another case that best Another case that best
demonstrates this disadvantage involves the arthritis drug Vioxx, which showed to protect the
hearts of mice, yet went on to cause heart attacks and sudden cardiac deaths before being
pulled from the market. Without a doubt, animal testing on cosmetics is a very controversial
topic, where there are many people who are seeing some benefits disadvantages
So to overcome the this problem The regulations that apply to animals in laboratories
vary across species. In the U.S., under the provisions of the Animal Welfare Act and the
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (the Guide), published by the National
Academy of Sciences, any procedure can be performed on an animal if it can be successfully
argued that it is scientifically justified. In general, researchers are required to consult with the
institution's veterinarian and its Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC),
which every research facility is obliged to maintain.The IACUC must ensure that alternatives,
including non-animal alternatives, have been considered, that the experiments are not
unnecessarily duplicative, and that pain relief is given unless it would interfere with the
study. The IACUCs regulate all vertebrates in testing at institutions receiving federal funds in
the USA. Although the provisions of the Animal Welfare Act do not include purpose-bred
rodents and birds, these species are equally regulated under Public Health Service policies
that govern the IACUCs. The Public Health Service policy oversees the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC
conducts infectious disease research on nonhuman primates, rabbits, mice, and other animals,
while FDA requirements cover use of animals in pharmaceutical research. Animal Welfare
Act (AWA) regulations are enforced by the USDA, whereas Public Health Service
regulations are enforced by OLAW and in many cases by AAALAC.