Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background: .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1. Definitions: ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2. Justification: .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.3. Literature study: .................................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Aim and Objectives: ................................................................................................................... 12
1.3. Scope and Limitations:................................................................................................................ 13
2. Case study ........................................................................................................................................... 13
2.1. Selection:..................................................................................................................................... 13
2.2. Secondary Case study: ................................................................................................................ 13
3. Site Study ............................................................................................................................................ 19
3.1. Selection:..................................................................................................................................... 19
3.2. Zonal level study: ........................................................................................................................ 21
3.3. Site level study: ........................................................................................................................... 26
4. Master Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 30
5. Design Guidelines ............................................................................................................................... 31
6. Case Application ................................................................................................................................. 32
6.1. Selection of intervention area ..................................................................................................... 32
6.2. Description .................................................................................................................................. 32
6.3. Proposals ..................................................................................................................................... 32
7. Design implementations...................................................................................................................... 33
8. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 35
1. Introduction
1.1. Background:
1.1.1. Definitions:
Urban Development:
The term Urban can be defined as the characteristics of a town and city, in terms of population density
and the built and public environment. Development can be termed as the process or progress to achieve
a better condition. So, Urban Development is the process or progress to achieve a better built
environment as well as public environment in a town or city.
Sonajhuri:
Santiniketan is a world heritage site as per UNESCO. It is one of the most popular tourist destination of
Birbhum as well as of West Bengal. There are various cultural events take place throughout the year in
Santiniketan. It is enriched with its natural environment and traditional design of spaces.
Kach-Mandir
1.1.2. Justification:
Prodded by the state urban development department, the Sriniketan Santiniketan Development Authority
(SSDA) has finally started taking note of the unplanned growth of the concrete jungle in Santiniketan a
World Heritage Site. As a first step to give the entire area a synchronized look, SSDA has roped in the
architecture department of IIT-Kharagpur, which will study the existing problems and chart out an action
plan.
The Sriniketan-Santiniketan Development Authority (SSDA) has engaged IIT Kharagpur to prepare a
development roadmap for Santiniketan, following a high court order in 2013 that barred all construction
in the area. A team from the IIT held meetings with SSDA authorities and representatives of different
public bodies, including Visva-Bharati, on Friday. The SSDA needs to submit a revised land-use plan to
get a go-ahead from the high court on further construction
A college town or university town is a community (often a separate town or city, but in some cases a
town/city neighborhood or a district) that is dominated by its university population. The university may
be large, or there may be several smaller institutions such as liberal arts colleges clustered, or the
residential population may be small, but college towns in all cases are so dubbed because the presence of
the educational institution(s) pervades economic and
social life. Many local residents may be employed by
the universitywhich may be the largest employer in
the communitymany businesses cater primarily to
the university, and the student population may
outnumber the local population. (Wikipedia)
University Town concept is not a modern one in India. Ancient India was enriched with some world
famous University Town like Taxila, Nalanda etc.
Takshashila:
Ancient Takshashila was situated at the pivotal junction of South Asia and Central Asia. Some of the
earliest ruins in this area date to the time of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BCE. Takshashila
became a noted centre of learning (including the religious teachings of Hinduism) at least several
centuries BCE. It continued to attract students from around the old world until the destruction of the city
in the 5th century.
Nalanda:
Nalanda was an acclaimed Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery in the ancient kingdom of
Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India. The site is located about 95 kilometres southeast of Patna near the
town of Bihar Sharif, and was a centre of learning from the fifth century CE to c.1200 CE. Nalanda
flourished under the patronage of the Gupta Empire in the 5th and 6th centuries and later under Harsha,
the emperor of Kannauj. The liberal cultural traditions inherited from the Gupta age resulted in a period of
growth and prosperity until the ninth century.
Vikramashila University was established by Dharmapala of Pala dynasty during late 8th century and
flourished for 400 years till 12th century. It was located in the Bhagalpur district of modern day Bihar. It
gave direct competition to Nalanda University with over 100 teachers and over 1000 students listed in this
University.
Sompura:
Somapura Mahavihara was established by Dharmapala of Pala dynasty during late 8th century in Bengal
and flourished for 400 years till 12th century. The University spread over 27 acres of land of which the
main complex was 21 acres was one of the largest of its kind. It was a major center of learning for
Bauddha Dharma (Buddhism), Jaina Dharma (Jainism) and Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism).
campuses are microcosms of activities in the domain of planning unique environments where
employment, housing, design, transportation and mobility, and environmental protection needs and
objectives intertwine and interact with the larger urban and social fabric. (Richard Thorsten,
Partnerships for Smart Growth)
Campus Form:
The campus planning literature generally defines two categories of campus form. These two forms can be
classified as-
Formal - regular, symmetrical, rectilinear
Informal - picturesque, irregular, unsymmetrical
Spine and Grid- buildings that serve the whole university are brought close together
Green Heart- buildings are placed with a central green zone or water body
Green Heart
Pattern - the underlying geometry of form an urban space. - P.D. Spreiregen , 1965
Density - the intensity of use of land by people and buildings.- P.D. Spreiregen , 1965
Grain & texture - grain is measured by the degree of fineness and coarseness in an urban area.
texture is the degree of mixture of fine and coarse elements."
-Dr. Shivashish Bose, 2008
Activities- land use, location, pattern, magnets and generators. Dr. Sanjib Nag
Space- typology, hierarchy, floor areas and patterns of usages. - P.D. Spreiregen , 1965
Form- the spatial pattern of the large, inert, permanent physical objects in a city. - Kevin
Lynch, 1981
Vista- views of large portion and major elements of the city and the contrasting natural
scenery. - Dr. Sanjib Nag
Pattern Density Grain & Texture
Activities Space
Form Vista
Image Source: The Architecture of Town and Cities. P.D. Spreiregen Image Source: Minnepolis, USA
Skyline
There are many University Township in various countries all over the world such as-
University of Georgia
The city is built around the University of Georgia, where the Bulldogs reign supreme. But football and
tailgating arent all that Athens offers. Theres also great art and music: Both R.E.M. and the B-52s
started in Athens and performed at venues like the 40 Watt Club.
University of Texas
Sure, its the fourth-largest city in Texas and the states capital, but Austin, the hometown of the
University of Texas, has a small-town feel to it. Austin is as green as it gets, and Travel and Leisure
magazine said it has some of the best people in the country.
University of California
University of Californias main campus is in this Bay Area town, a place that has almost become
synonymous with the phrase college town. Berkeley features tons of art, film, music, and political
activity, and its just a short drive across the bay to San Francisco.
Its a big city, like Austin, but there are scores of colleges in the metro area (one estimate says there are
more than 250,000 college students) and theres plenty to do: sports, historical attractions, arts, music,
bars, and more.
University of Colorado
Blessed with a Rocky Mountain backdrop, the home of the University of Colorado is famous for its great
outdoors and fun community atmosphere. Boulder hosts multiple film festivals and was rated one of the
10 best cities for the next decade by Kiplingers Personal Finance magazine.
Achieving a conducive urban development in Sonajhuri area to retain its traditional and natural
environment
Objectives
Fringe area- also known as outskirts, can be defined as the transition zone of urban and rural
settlement. As the Urban growth in this fringe area of Santiniketan is in its primary stage, it is
possible to control it immediately with effective guidelines.
Connection between two main roads of either sides can provide better accessibility.
The lake and the haat area can act as the heart of the area after its environmental revitalization
according to proper guidelines.
Conservation of natural environment can enhance the traditional essence of Santiniketan.
Limitation:
Application area- The whole Sonajhuri area is not taken into account in this proposal because it is
partly under SSDA. The rest area is under Gram Panchayat jurisdiction.
Design Parameters- As the study area of the thesis topic is limited to the urban development of
an existing university town, so the Urban Design parameters which are not directly related to it
has not been taken into account.
2. Case study
2.1. Selection:
A public institution of higher education has operated at the site of SJSU since the California State
Normal School relocated from San Francisco to San Jos in 1870. The campus was first landscaped in
1881 and became an attraction for the city. After WWII, the college acquired additional land for
expansion and more than 20 new buildings were constructed by 1970. In 1972 the college was elevated to
university status and became San Jos State University. Changes envisioned in the 1995 Campus
Landscape Master Plan began a transformation of the Main Campus which continues today. The plan
proposed malls, plazas, gateways, and a quadrangle in each of four campus quadrants.
Image Source: Google image
The framework for planning at SJSU is defined in the campus master plan and is illustrated by recent
projects and the universitys efforts to work with the surrounding communities. The SJSU Master Plan
2001 recognized that rising enrollment and the need for space coupled with the changes in downtown
San Jos suggest that the campus can no longer be viewed merely as a green island in the midst the city,
but rather as an integral part of the urban fabric.
Enrollment Growth
Downtown Development
Funding
Public-Private Partnerships
Campus Capacity
San Jos State University, Master Plan
2001
Edges : Criteria met include defined edges with street trees and signs, screened parking garages,
sidewalks, and clearly defined crosswalks at controlled intersections.
The criterion for parks and plazas along edges was partially met by the entrances and the library
plaza.
Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Transit Connections: Criteria met include attractive entrance gateways
designed with a common theme, and linear parks .
preserve the urban grid and provide direct and attractive paths through campus with special
paving and lighting, benches, and plazas.
Image Source: Google image
The first plan for a Berkeley campus was completed by Frederick Law Olmstead in 1866, when the site
was owned by the College of California. Olmstead laid out the 35-acre campus as a large park, including
adjacent park-like residential neighborhoods. William Hammond Hall corresponded with Olmstead and
followed his ideas for a picturesque campus with terraces surrounding the central buildings and an
otherwise informal layout. His plan for the entire 150 acres originally owned by the university, limited
roadways and entrances to protect the secure and secluded atmosphere of the campus.
After Howard, supervising architects George W. Kelham (1927 1936) and Arthur Brown, Jr. (1938
1948) continued the neoclassical theme on campus. This history is the basis for cooperation on land use
planning between the university and the city. The land currently owned by UC Berkeley which shows that
expansion outside of the Campus Park has been relatively contiguous. University development also
merges with the city, particularly in the Southside. By 2004 the tallest academic building on the UC
Berkeley campus was ten stories, and off-campus dormitories were up to fifteen stories tall. UC
Berkeleys LRDP was updated in 1964, and then a new LRDP was approved in 1990. The 2020 LRDP
(adopted in 2005) accommodates enrollment increases of 4,000 FTEs over the 1990 plan up to 33,450
by 2010.
Uc Berkeley Facilities In The Campus Area
3. Site Study Image Source The University Campus & The Urban Fabric Katja N.
Irvin
3.1. Selection:
Santiniketan is a small town near Bolpur in the Birbhum district of West Bengal. Shantiniketan was
earlier called Bhubandanga and was owned by the Tagore family. In 1862, Maharshi Devendranath
Tagore named it as Shantiniketan. It was made famous by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, whose
vision became what is now a university town ( Visva-Bharati University ) that attracts thousands of
visitors each year. Shantiniketan is a tourist attraction also because Rabindranath lived here and penned
many of his literary classics (namely Tagore songs, poems, novels etc.) and his home is a place of
historical importance. Paus Mela and Basanta Utsav now a days, became an important cultural event
and a meeting ground for urban people and rural folk.
Image Source: Google image
Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary (popular as Deer Park) was established in 1977 near Santiniketan
in Bolpur subdivision. It is home to a number of deer including the Blackbuck and Spotted deer.
It is a residential area near Deer Park and Sonajhuri. The main road towards Prantik divided the
residential area in two parts. Both parts consist of 2-3 storied residential/ commercial buildings.
The traditional life of the Santhali community with their local art and culture make Sonajhuri a heritage
destination. Local crafts along with the traditional delicacies are sold at the famous Shonajhuri Haat
(weekly market) on every Saturday.
Description:
Analysis:
Conclusion:
Description:
Analysis:
The fringe areas are under- development, so it is possible to guide the development
Conclusion:
Description:
Analysis
Space:
Description
complex, Uttarayan
Recreational open space- Deer Park, Sonajhuri Forest
Analysis
Conclusion
Activity:
Description
Analysis
Conclusion
Description:
Analysis:
Conclusion:
To maintain the functionality of circulation in built forms Image Source: Google image
Vista:
Description:
Analysis
More viewpoints are needed in several areas for proper visibility Image Source: Author
Conclusion
To provide maximum possible viewpoints to experience the scenic and heritage beauty of
Santiniketan.
3.3. Site level study:
Site Level Map- Sonajhuri
Description
Analysis
Conclusion
Density:
Description
Analysis
Conclusion
Image Source: Author
Description
Analysis
Space:
Description
Analysis
Conclusion
Activity:
Description
Analysis
Conclusion
To develop this fringe area to enhance its activities and tourism value.
Form:
Description
Most of the Buildings are 1-3 storied. compactly designed and almost regular in form
No properly defined architectural style
Analysis
Conclusion
Vista:
Description
Analysis
Conclusion
To provide maximum possible viewpoints in lake and forest area. Image Source: Author
4. Master Conclusion
Site level:
Area level:
6.2. Description
6.3. Proposals
7. Design implementations
8. Conclusions
Appendix
Bibliography