Cidades- Comunidades e Territrios

Dez. 2010, n.0 20/21, pp. 69-85

A Cidade Sustentvel
O conceito permite renovar a concepo e a prtica da interveno ?1

Isabel Guerra*

Resumo: Este artigo discute o conceito de cidade sustentvel, interrogando alguns dos
argumentos que o sustentam. A noo de cidade sustentvel algo confusa mas tem, no en
tanto, o mrito de colocar questes centrais, embora restem dvidas se o debate actual permite
renovar a concepo sobre o projecto urbano e se tem dimenses operativas pertinentes. Para
j, cidade sustentvel um conceito dos urbanistas com pouca traduo prtica, pelo menos
em Portugal, e parece que todos concordam que no h um "best way", sendo necessrio
encontrar o equilbrio da forma urbana na histria de vida de cada cidade, construindo agora
uma nova etapa mais ecolgica ambientalmente, mais coesa socialmente, mais competitiva
economicamente. Mas considera-se ainda que s um Estado solidrio com as autarquias,
proactivo, decidido e autnomo de interesses particulares, consegue reforar a estrutura da
cidade como um bem colectivo. De facto, a complexidade desta problemtica exige um trabalho
multidiciplinar, com a presena das cincias sociais, o que permitir a necessria integrao
a que o conceito de cidade sustentvel tanto ambiciona.

Palavras-chave: Cidade sustentvel; Cidade; Cidade compacta; Urbanizao em Portugal.

No sei bem o que se poder escrever de original
sobre um tema j to debatido. A ideia de susten
tabilidade no assenta numa lgica acadmica
clarificada, mas numa ideia prtica, razoavelmente
utpica, de defesa de algumas propostas desejadas
sobre a cidade.
A defesa da cidade sustentvel assume toda
a legitimidade na actualidade, mas necessrio
repensar os argumentos com que hoje defendida.
O mais interessante do debate a retoma da reflexo
sobre as dimenses colectivas do viver em conjunto
e a procura de uma maior equidade social e urbana
luz da crtica s formas de crescimento das cidades
que foi apangio do modelo anterior. Cada poca tem
as suas necessidades e hoje a cidade sustentvel
uma necessidade gerada quer pela inviabilidade
das caractersticas do excessivo crescimento em
"sprawl", quer pelas dificuldades ecolgicas da
concentrao urbana sem precedentes, quer ainda
pelas evidentes desigualdades sociais geradas pelo
acentuar da segregao social e espacial.
Cidade sustentvel: um conceito confuso mas
bem intencionado
H muito que se tenta organizar as cidades
segundo modelos preestabelecidos, definindo os
seus limites, a organizao das suas funes e as
responsabilidades dos diversos actores, ambio
essa que originou vrios modelos com mais ou me
nos impacto, desde as cidades lineares russas, s
cidades-jardins, passando pela cidades funcionais
de Corbusier. Mas hoje, a noo de cidade susten
tvel tornou-se um conceito bastante generalizado
e bastante consensual, emergindo como uma crtica
frontal s formas de crescimento extensivas e aos
efeitos perversos das aglomeraes urbanas mais
recentes.
As diferentes perspectivas sobre a cidade sus
tentvel tm vrias origens e intenes oriundas
dos mais diversos lugares e grupos disciplinares,
desde Jane Jacobs 2 nos anos 1960, que questiona
os princpios do urbanismo moderno cristalizados

1 Este texto serviu de referncia comunicao realizada em Junho de 2010 em Barcelona no Colquio Les politiques urbanas a la ciudad compacta:
de la regeneracin a la sostenibililat.
Professora Catedrtica (aposentada) do ISCTE-IUL. Professora Catedrtica Convidada (aposentada) da Universidade Catlica Portuguesa. Inves
tigadora do DINMINCEl imcguerra@gmail.com
2 Ver o famoso livro de Jane Jacobs, 1961, f ofGreal American Citie, Vintage Books, Nova Iorque.
The Death and Lie

Cidades Comunidades e Territrios, n.0 20/21, 2010, pp. 69- 85 69

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