Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Chapter 03: Projectile Motion

03 Projectile Motion

1. The ant is moving on the paper to the west. M M

The paper has to be moved in such a way that, Mv = u1 + u2 .(i)
2 2
in the given frame the ant is moving to the
As first half falls into cannon,
north. First, the motion of the ant to the west
u1 = v .(ii)
(X direction) should be nullified. If the paper
is having a velocity component in the +X Hence, horizontal displacement of the first
half,
direction which is equal to the velocity of the
ant in the X direction, it will appear u1T = L .(iii)
stationary to the observer. Displacement of second half,
D = u2T .(iv)
v From (i) and (ii),
u u
u1 = 1 + 2
v1 2 2
u2 = 3u1 .(v)
If v1 is the velocity of the ant, v1 should be Also, from (iii)
equal and opposite to vcos. The vsin L
T= .(vi)
component will be in the +Y-axis or the north. u1
The resultant velocity of v1 and v will be Substituting (v) and (vi) in (iv),
vresultant = (v1 v cos ) 2 + (vsin ) 2 L
D = 3u1 = 3L
= v sin .(Q v1 = v cos ) u1
Hence, the displacement is only along the Y- From the cannon, second half will fall at
axis for the ant. The paper moves in N-E L + D = 4L
direction, in the 1st quadrant.
2L L L 2LV
dv 4. T0 = and T = + = 2
2. = a .v V V + v V v V v2
dt 2
T V 1

( )
4 3 24 = 2 =
= 3i + 4j . i + j = units T0 V v 2
1 (v 2 / V 2 )
5 5 5
5. Velocity is constant when x-t part is straight
3. At the highest point of the trajectory, the line. Constant velocity means no acceleration
vertical velocity is zero. For the first half of which implies zero force.
the shell to fall back into the cannon, vertical
velocity should not change during the 6. On earth,
explosion, i.e., both halves initially should 1 x2
have zero vertical velocity. Let the mass of the y = x tan g 2 .(i)
2 u cos 2
shell be M, the horizontal component of its On planet,
velocity be v, initial velocity of the first half
1 x2
be u1, of the second half be u2, time of falling y = x tan g 2 .(ii)
(common to both halves) be T and the distance 2 u cos 2
between the explosion point and the point of Since trajectories are identical, comparing (i)
landing of the second half be D. and (ii)
From the law of conservation of momentum, g g g u2
= =
along horizontal, u 2 u 2 g u 2

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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics
7. Interval between the ball thrown = 3 s 225
If we want minimum three (more than two) x3 = a x1 x2
2
balls to remain in air then time of flight of first 225 25 75
ball must be greater than 6 s. = a a a
2 2 2
2u
T>6s > 6 s u > 29.4 m/s. .[Using (i) and (ii)]
g 125
x3 = a
8. The two bodies will collide at the highest 2
point if both cover the same vertical height in Hence,
the same time. 25 75 125
x1 : x2 : x3 = a: a: a=1:3:5
2 2 2
v12 sin 2 60 v 22 v 3
= 2 = sin 60 =
2g 2g v1 2 dv dv ds dv
12. Acceleration, a = = =v
dt ds dt ds
9. If the Y-axis is divided by mass, we get a = ks (Given)
acceleration v s
v2 1 2
a (m/s2) =
F(N)
v dv = k s ds = ks
2 2
8kg 0 0

The area under acceleration-time graph is the v= ks vs

velocity at t, when acceleration changes up to t. Hence, v-s graph is a straight line passing
through origin.
The area of F-t graph
= Velocity
mass 1
13. Kinetic energy K = mv2
100 Ns 2
= 12.5 m/s
8 kg Displacement = x
dK 1 dv dv dt mv.a
10. Relative velocity of train A w.r.t. train B is = m.2v. = mv. . = = ma
dx 2 dx dt dx v
vAB = vA vB = 43 (29) dv dx
(Q = acceleration a, = velocity v)
5 dt dt
= 72 km/h = 72 = 20 m/s
18 dK
a
Total distance to be travelled by each train dx
for completely crossing the other train
= 120 + 100 = 220 m 2u sin 1 2u sin 2
14. t1 = ; t2 =
Time taken by each train to cross the other g g
train =
220
= 11s As horizontal range is same, 1 + 2 = 90
20 t sin 1
Hence, 1 =
1 2 t 2 sin 2
11. Using s = ut + at sin 1 sin 1
2 = =
Here, u = 0 sin(90 1 ) cos 1
1 25 = tan1
x1 = 0 + a 52 = a .(i)
2 2 t1 t2
Also, =
1
x1 + x2 = 0 + a 102 = 50a sin 1 sin 2
2
25 15. Initial velocity = 0
x2 = 50a x1 = 50a a (Using (i)) Using, v2 u2 = 2as v2 = 2as
2
75 v2 = 2as, for the distance s .(i)
x2 = a .(ii) For distance 2s, the final velocity
2
1 225 (v)2 = 2a.2s .(ii)
x1 + x2 + x3 = 0 + a 152 = a
2 2 v = 2v

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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 03: Projectile Motion
16. When the bottle is dropped from the bus, it has 1
r + (2r) + r
the horizontal component of velocity equal to = 4
that of the bus and a vertical acceleration due 10
to gravity. This is similar to the second half of
2+ 2+ 2
the projectile problem where at the maximum 2 +4
= = km/min
height, its vertical velocity is zero and it takes 10 10
the path of a parabola. 7.142
= 60 km/hr 42.9 km/hr
10
17. The horizontal component of the projectile is
constant. Air resistance is negligible and u 2 sin 2
20. Maximum height, H =
therefore the only force acting on the body is 2g
the force due to acceleration due to gravity. u 2 sin 2
180 = u2 sin2 = 3600
18. Y 2 10
u sin = 60 m s1
u u cos Horizontal velocity = u cos
u sin H As per question, u cos = at
u cos = 4 30 = 120 m s1
X
O u cos u sin 60 1
= tan =
u cos 120 2
c
Here, angle of projection, = = 45 = tan1 (0.5)
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Let u be the velocity of projection of the 21. Let the time taken by two cars to complete the
particle. journey be t1 and t2 and their velocities at the
Kinetic energy of a particle at a point of finish be v1 and v2 respectively.
1 Given that, t1 = t2 t and v1 = v2 + v .(i)
projection O, K = mu2 At start, u1 = u2 = 0
2
where, m is the mass of particle. 1
s1 = s = a1t12
Velocity of a particle at the highest point (i.e., 2
at maximum height) is ucos. 1
and s2 = s = a 2 t 22 .(ii)
Kinetic energy of a particle at the highest 2
point is Hence a1t12 = a 2 t 22 = 2s
1 Also, v1 = a1t1 and v2 = a2t2
K = m(u cos )2 v1t1 = a1t12 = 2s and v2t2 = a 2 t 22 = 2s .(iii)
2
1 1 2s 2s
= mu2cos2 = mu2 cos2 45 t1 = and t2 =
2 2 v1 v2
2
1 1 K 1 1
= mu2 = So, t2 t1 = 2s .(iv)
2 2 2 v 2 v1
19. Since the initial position coincide with the From equations (i) and (iv)
final position, net displacement of the cyclist 1 1
2s = t
= zero v 2 v1
Average speed of the cyclist
v v2
total distance travelled 2s 1 =t
= v1v 2
total time taken
OP + PQ + QO v
= km/min 2s =t
10 v1 v 2
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

v v v12 v 22 sin2 = 3 cos2

v= 1 2t = t sin = 3 cos
2s (2s) 2
From equation (iii) tan = 3 = tan 60
= 60
v1v 2
v= t= (a1a 2 ) t dv dv ds dv
t 1t 2 24. Acceleration, a = = . =v
dt ds dt ds
22. Total time of motion = t vdv = ads
v
Duration of acceleration = t
Duration of deceleration = t t Integrating, vdv = ads
0
Given u = 0, a = constant acceleration and 2
v
b = constant deceleration
v = 0 + at .(i)

2
= ads .(i)

v = at
But ads = area under a-s graph
Also 0 = v b(t t) .(ii) From equation (i),
v = bt + bt
v = 2(area under a s graph)
at = bt + bt
Area under a-s graph
b
(a + b)t = bt t = t 1 1 1
(a + b) = (2)(5) + 6 5 + (2) (5) + 2 10
2 2 2
But v = at = 5 + 30 + 5 + 10 = 50
Maximum velocity attained = at v = 2 50 = 10 m/s
ab
v= t m/s
(a + b) 25. Here = = 60
3
23. Maximum height, Time taken to cover horizontal distance,
u 2 sin 2 u 2 sin 2 s sx 60
H= gH = .(i) t= x = = = 4 s.
2g 2 u x u cos 30 cos60
Velocity at highest point, vH = u cos .(ii) Vertical displacement of particle,
Let vx, vy be the horizontal and vertical 1
sy = uy t gt 2
H 2
velocity of projectile at height . Then,
2 1
= (u sin ) t gt 2
vx = u cos 2
H 3 1
and v 2y = u2 sin2 2g = u2 sin2 gH = 30 4 (10)(4) 2
2 2 2
u 2
sin 2
= 23.92 m
v 2y = u2 sin2 .[Using (i)] i.e., particle will hit the rod between O and A,
2
but not at its mid point.
u 2 sin 2
=
2
= ( v 2x + v 2y )
H 1/2
Net velocity at height
2
As per question;

( v x + v 2y ) = vH ( v 2x + v 2y ) = v H2
2 2 1/ 2 2
5 5
2 2 u 2
2
u cos + sin = u cos
2 2 2
5 2
.[Using (ii)]
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