Assignment in Oral Communication

1. Function and Communication

Inform
Let's take a look at how Yummy Cakes uses communication to inform within their organization. The
idea ofinforming within an organization is to provide data and information so that employees can
effectively complete their job. Information ensures that an employee is aware of the rules and
procedures of an organization. It also eliminates job uncertainty for workers when they are fully
informed.

Persuasion
Another essential function of information would be the element of persuasion. Yummy Cakes uses
persuasion as an element of their communication plan. It is the ability to change the attitude or
behavior of employees, vendors, clients, etc. The three parts of persuasion are source credibility,
emotional appeal, and social and ego needs. In general, persuasion is used in an organizational
environment effectively when the source of the information is a trusted figure. For example, if a
coworker at Yummy Cakes starts telling people that it would help the company to buy another small
dessert company, most people will not trust the source. If, though, the CEO sends out an email
outlining the new acquisition plan of a small dessert company, employees will trust that this is a good
business decision.

Emotional Expression
It is used by a speaker to the purpose of moving another person to act, to move in the
particular direction the speaker wants that person to move. Filipino can be move by
movie, TV drama, or a song. A speaker may appeal to Filipino Listeners by disclosing
how he/she was also moved by that particular movie, TV drama,or song. Photos of
suffering or devastation tug at the heartstrings of a Filipino.

2. Aspects of Communication

The verbal or Linguistic Aspect - This is the aspect that makes use words
.It may be oral or written, formal.

The Non-verbal or Extra-linguistic Aspect This aspect does not make use of
words but may enhance or change the linguistic code. It has the following three
elements:
 . Nonlinguistic elements
. Kinesics
. Proxemics
. Chronemics
. Haptics
. Olfactics
. Artefactual
. Physical appearance

Paralinguistic elements
. Vocal quality
. Pitch
. Tempo
. Volume
. Junctures

3. Metalinguistic element
Communication experts attribute general meaning to:
. 93% - non-verbal, and only
7% - verbal.
The extract breakdown includes the following:
. 7% - words,
.38% - tone and inflection,
.55% - facial expression, body position and gesture.
4. Elements of communication
1. SENDER/ENCODER
The sender also known as the encoder decides on the message to be sent, the
best/most effective way that it can be sent. All of this is done bearing the receiver in
mind. In a word, it is his/her job to conceptualize.
The sender may want to ask him/herself questions like: What words will I use? Do I
need signs or pictures?

2. MEDIUM
The medium is the immediate form which a message takes. For example, a message
may be communicated in the form of a letter, in the form of an email or face to face
in the form of a speech.

3. CHANNEL
The channel is that which is responsible for the delivery of the chosen message form.
For example post office, internet, radio.

4. RECEIVER
The receiver or the decoder is responsible for extracting/decoding meaning from the
message. The receiver is also responsible for providing feedback to the sender. In a
word, it is his/her job to INTERPRET.

5. FEEDBACK
This is important as it determines whether or not the decoder grasped the intended
meaning and whether communication was successful.

6. CONTEXT
Communication does not take place in a vacuum. The context of any communication
act is the environment surrounding it. This includes, among other things, place,
time, event, and attitudes of sender and receiver.

7. NOISE (also called interference)

This is any factor that inhibits the conveyance of a message. That is, anything that
gets in the way of the message being accurately received, interpreted and responded
to. Noise may be internal or external.
5. Stages of Communication Process
6. Developing idea by the sender: In the first step, the communicator develops
or conceptualizes an idea to be sent. It is also known as the planning stage
since in this stage the communicator plans the subject matter of
communication.
7. Encoding: Encoding means converting or translation the idea into a
perceivable form that can be communicated to others.
8. Developing the message: After encoding the sender gets a message that
can be transmitted to the receiver. The message can be oral, written, symbolic
or nonverbal. For example, when people talk, speech is the message; when
people write a letter, the words and sentences are the message; when people
cries, the crying is the message.
9. Selecting the medium: Medium is the channel or means of transmitting the
message to the receiver. Once the sender has encoded his into a message,
the next step is to select a suitable medium for transmitting it to the receiver.
The medium of communication can be speaking, writing, signaling, gesturing
etc.
10. Transmission of message: In this step, the sender actually transmits the
message through chosen medium. In the communication cycle, the tasks of
the sender end with the transmission of the message.
11. Receiving the message by receiver: This stage simply involves the reception
of senders message by the receiver. The message can be received in the
form of hearing, seeing, feeling and so on.
12. Decoding: Decoding is the receivers interpretation of the senders message.
Here the receiver converts the message into thoughts and tries to analyze and
understand it. Effective communication can occur only when both the sender
and the receiver assign the same or similar meanings to the message.
13. Feedback: The final step of communication process is feedback. Feedback
means receivers response to senders message. It increases the
effectiveness of communication. It ensures that the receiver has correctly
understood the message. Feedback is the essence of two-way
communication.