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E
urospace - a non-profit organisation Eurospace plays a key role in the European Space
incorporated in 1961 - fosters the Technology Strategy process, officially presenting
development of space activities in the whole European space manufacturing industry
Europe and promotes a better views on technology evolution and harmonisation.
understanding of space industry related issues
and problems. Its members are the main space With 50 years of presence in the space policy
industry manufacturers and launch service arena, Eurospace has established and maintains a
providers. comprehensive network of contacts with the main
Eurospace members cover the whole span of the national space agencies in Europe (ASI, BNSC,
space industrial chain, are present in 13 CNES, DLR,...) and with the relevant national
Contents European countries and represent more ministries. As policy evolution required, Eurospace
than 90% of the European space industry extended its reach to new institutions, such as the
activity from both turnover and WEU, EDA or the French DGA for defence matters.
Foreword Page 3 employment points of view.
Overview Page 4
Over the past 15 years, the European Union has
Long series 1991-2009 Page 5 Since 2004, Eurospace is the Space Group developed a strong interest in space, from the
Sector demographics Page 6 of ASD (AeroSpace and Defence Industries research and development point of view (with
Sales by customer Page 8 Association of Europe, created from the dedicated space budgets being included in the 6th
Sales by system Page 10 merger of AECMA, EDIG and Eurospace and 7th Framework Programmes for example),
activities) where it represents and defines but also as a user and promoter of space
Spacecraft deliveries of 2010 Page14
the space viewpoint of the association. infrastructures (as with the Galileo programme or
Ariane launches of 2010 Page 15
This new aggregated structure allows the GMES initiative for instance). Indeed space
Methodology and definitions Page 16 industry to benefit from existing synergies services and applications are now recognised as
Survey information Page 18 between aeronautic, defence and space efficient tools for policy implementation,
Survey release notes Page 19 industrial activities. environmental studies, situation assessments, etc.
to support the European Commission actions as
For more data and information
Since its creation, ESA has maintained the executive arm of the EU.
www.eurospace.org formal links with Eurospace. The
Go to www.eurospace.org to download the association provides an effective entry Eurospace mandate includes the relevant EU
report in PDF, previous reports and other
point in the industrial sector and is the bodies, including Commission DGs, the Council,
information.
preferred channel to discuss industry-wide the Parliament etc. and eventually Eurospace
Please read our copyright policy issues. A frame contract between ESA and established a dedicated office in Brussels in 2001.
Eurospace was signed in 1987, which
allows the association to perform advisory work
Eurospace is a recognised interlocutor to the
for the Agency. In 2001 a Memorandum of
European Union, and an active participant to EU
Understanding (MoU) was signed that officially
led industry consultations on space, providing
recognised Eurospace as the representative body
data, analysis and assessments on space industry
of the European space industry. The MoU covered
related issues to relevant DGs as required.
all aspects related to new programmes,
competitiveness, research & technology, and
administration.
H
ere comes the time for the publication in the next few years with the deployment and
of the 2010 issue of the Eurospace operations of the Galileo constellation and Sen-
annual survey. tinel satellites.
This is the second edition established Other European institutional customers, and
according to the new methodology which has been particularly CNES and DLR, have also generated
set up in order to improve the accuracy of the con-
more business for industry, notably in the earth
solidation process, as well as to allow for more
observation and telecommunications
detailed analysis. This has been achieved thanks to
(respectively) segments.
the active collaboration of all the companies con-
tributing to the survey. I would like to take this On the defence side, military systems sales
opportunity to thank them once again for accepting remain well below 1 B, distributed almost
to complete our questionnaire. We will continue exclusively among the four member States
our efforts to enlarge the base of this study to primarily active in this area, namely France,
make it even more accurate and reliable. Germany, Italy and UK.
This year, we complemented the factual and quan-
titative study with some qualitative data related to
The Space telecommunications commercial market
the actual deliveries of European spacecraft and
seems to have completed its recovery from the
launch services performed by the Ariane system. major 2003 crisis and both satellites and launchers
We also introduced a mass oriented historic analy- manufacturing sectors show no further growth as
sis of the evolution of the spacecraft deliveries for compared to 2009. This activity, which is key to the
launch by the European industry which comple- European industry, needs to be carefully monitored
ments the historic revenue and employment series. in the next few months.
Similarly, we produced statistical series of Ariane
system usage over time.
These good results must also be considered in light
of recent evolutions. As a matter of fact, 2011 has
Like every year, this publication has been highly started with three major contracts worth 1 B
awaited, as it gives the pulse of the Space sector in awarded by European operators to US competitors.
Europe. As a whole, 2010 was a good year for in- This is definitely the sign of an aggressive return of
dustry: the overall turnover peaked to 6.1 B up US manufacturers on this market.
from 5.5 B in 2009. This is a historical high in cur-
In parallel, the Space imagery commercial business
rent economic conditions. The employment in the
is expected to be highly impacted by the new US
sector evolved accordingly and is now almost back approach to contract long term commitments to
to its record high reached in the 90s with some
domestic private operators for the fulfilment of
35,000 full time jobs across Europe.
their governmental needs.
These results must be saluted. They are mostly Finally, many on-going European Space pro-
attributable to the positive trend of European insti-
grammes are reaching completion or are about to
tutional markets:
enter their operational phase. Decisions need to be
First in Science and ISS related programmes, on prepared in 2011 in order to ensure that the next
ESA side, and second thanks to the first Galileo ESA Council at ministerial level will effectively
contracts awarded to industry on behalf of the launch new initiatives in the field of Space trans-
European Union. The further involvement of portation and satellites applications in a difficult
the EU in Space affairs should sustain this trend economic context.
2 000 10 000
industrial sites located in France, Germany, Italy, and, to a
lesser extent, UK, Spain and Belgium. 1 000 5 000
FTE
The situation of the European space manufacturing industry
- -
in the past decades has changed significantly.
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Mergers and acquisitions have restructured the manufactur-
ing sector, starting at the higher level of the value chain
(system integrators) pursuing strategies of vertical and hori-
zontal integration.
Industry restructuring explains some of the employment In 2010, the space manufacturing industry experi-
reduction endured by the sector since the mid nineties, but enced a significant growth of Final sales (+12.3% in
market factors apply as well. Indeed, with the take up of current terms, +9.3% in constant e.c.) supporting con-
commercial and defence businesses, employment grew tinued direct employment growth (+5.5%).
again in 2006 and maintained a constant growth path since, The core of space manufacturing activity lies in the
backing revenue growth in the same period. design, development and manufacturing of satellites
Business cycles and market evolutions have driven space for operational applications, such as telecommunica-
industry revenues variations in recent years. tions systems and parts , Earth observation systems
and parts and Navigation/localisation systems and
parts .
Final sales by Customer The second area of business is launchers, a receding
2009 2010 variation
(Europe & Exports) M constant e.c. market for the European industry. Launcher activities
Final sales 5 623.14 6 145.99 9.3% include operational launch systems sales (mainly to
European public customers 2 876.99 3 252.25 13.0% Arianespace) and development and consolidation
European private customers 1 388.81 1 429.80 3.0% activities, in support of the Ariane and Vega systems.
Other European customers 84.09 84.04 -0.1% Scientific activities include a wide variety of systems
Public customers RoW 411.73 541.11 31.4% and technologies, with science systems and parts (in
Private customers RoW 840.22 804.01 -4.3%
growth in 2010), and Human spaceflight (and related
Other customers RoW 36.64 34.78 -5.1%
activities, such as ATV, ISS contribution etc.) repre-
senting the core of revenues in this area.
Final sales by type of system Ground systems and activities cover such diverse
2009 2010 variation
M constant e.c. industrial activities as engineering and consultancy
services, the development and production of ground
Final sales 5 623.14 6 145.99 9.3%
stations and industrial hardware supporting develop-
Launcher systems 1 096.42 1 070.38 -2.4%
ment, production and test activities (EGSE/MGSE).
Satellite applications systems 3 081.17 3 108.10 0.9%
Scientific systems 844.83 989.52 17.1% Ground systems (and particularly ground receiving
Ground sytems and services 507.43 877.82 73.0% stations for military customers) produced most of
Other & Unknown 108.64 100.17 -7.8% industry sales growth in 2010.
M constant e.c.
agencies such as CNES, DLR ASI and others (worth 1 000 Commercial & exports sales
Other/unknown
0.6 B) and military agencies such as French DGA
500
(worth 0.4 B).
The commercial & exports markets include a wide - 1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
variety of customers.
The main customers are commercial satellites op-
erators, such as Eutelsat and SES in Europe, Arabsat
or Globalstar outside Europe, that represent 1.6 B
worth of sales. They are closely followed by launch Civil vs military systems sales (M, constant e.c.)
service providers that procure launch systems from 7 000
industry for a total 670 M. Commercial markets
have been driven for years by the activity of geosta- 6 000
tionary satellite operators, with a very marked cy-
clical component. The cycle affects the sales of 5 000
geostationary satellite systems, as well as the sales
of Ariane systems (to a lesser extent). 4 000
3 000
In the past two decades, only one market of Euro-
2 500
pean industry has really grown in a significant way:
the market for satellite applications. The growth 2 000
has been supported by two parallel trends: the
1 500
improvement of European systems penetration into
M constant e.c.
-
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
58 100%
53 90%
80%
48 Not available
70%
43 Cat 1
60%
38 Cat 2
50%
Cat 3
33 40%
Cat 4
28 30%
Women Cat 5
Men 20%
23
10% Cat 6
<=18
0%
400 200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
All Men Women
JV). 4%
Thales
Finmeccanica
With a view to securing supply of critical equipment, large groups tend to extend their control 24%
7%
in the supply chain with the absorption of suppliers (and competitors). Thus the space sector
counts a large number of small space units, but a rather limited number of independent
SMEs.
8 000 500
6 000 400
4 000 300
200
2 000
100
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 0
2010
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
European space industry products include military and civil systems. Civil system sales
are still the vast majority of sales (86%), but military systems sales were in growth in
Civil customers
50% 2010, at 834.2 M (+21%). This growth was mainly supported by ground system sales, to
50%
Military customers military European customers.
With the evolution of public procurement practices, and in particularly the transfer of
system ownership outside the public domain, the procurement of military systems is
now spread across a variety of actors. This is why the sales of military systems (834.2
14% M) exceed the value of sales to military institutions (487.9 M). Military systems are
mainly sold to Euro-
Civil systems (2010) Matrix of sales
pean customers
Military
Military systems (2010) (77%). Civil systems Total
systems
86%
Civil customers 5 238.1 420.0 5 658.1
Military customers 73.8 414.1 487.9
Total 5 311.8 834.2 6 146.0
Overview
2009 vs 2010 sales (M) Final sales by type of system (M, current e.c.)*
4 000
0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 Satellite applications systems (ground stations incl.)
Launcher systems
Launcher Scientific systems
Support Activities
Total satellite applications Other/unkown
3 000
Total scientific programmes
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Europe.
With the gradual maturation of space technologies and sys-
* note that in long series ground systems are included in satellite applications systems. Thus
tems, satellite applications have become the main source of values appear higher than in tables. See page 19: Release notes
revenue for the European space industry, and the main driver
for business growth for the European industry, particularly Customer structure by system
within commercial markets for telecommunications systems.
However, in 2010 the increase of sales was supported equally All products and systems have different customer structures.
by growth in three market segments (in order of importance):
When considering exports and domestic markets, it is interesting to
Ground systems (particularly on military markets) note that exports are almost exclusively composed of telecommu-
Scientific systems nications systems sales. Nearly all other systems produced by the
Satellite applications systems (and more specifically navi- European industry are sold only to European customers.
gation and telecommunications systems) This said, only half of telecommunications systems produced by
European industry are exported, the rest
Final sales by customer nature and Launcher Satel li te Sci entific Ground Other/unkno are sold on the European market.
Total
type of system (M) systems appli cations s ystems systems wn system
From the perspective of the customer na-
Sales to ESA 331.51 704.71 814.78 243.68 11.80 2 106.47
Sales to other European institutions (public) 37.99 507.11 79.20 471.30 50.18 1 145.77 ture the situation is slightly different: com-
Sales to Public institutions RoW 4.34 418.94 54.24 52.21 11.38 541.11 mercial (private) customers procure both
Other/unknown European customers 22.39 20.31 8.78 15.68 16.87 84.04
telecommunications satellites and launcher
Sales to European private operators 0.02 724.31 - 35.22 0.22 759.76
Sales to Arianespace 641.22 - 6.42 17.47 4.93 670.04 systems. While institutional customers
Sales Private satellite operators RoW 0.01 451.25 0.59 8.10 0.05 460.00 procure all types of systems, except opera-
Sales of equipment and parts RoW 31.49 262.75 25.45 20.99 3.34 344.02
Other/unknown RoW customers 1.42 18.73 0.06 13.18 1.40 34.78
tional launcher systems that are exclusively
Total 1 070.38 3 108.10 989.52 877.82 100.17 6 145.99 procured by Arianespace in Europe.
1 000
Telecommunications systems (e.g. Hylas, Globalstar, Eutel-
sat W3) are the source of nearly two thirds of the whole Navigation:
satellite applications revenue. Telecommunications systems n.a. prior to 1999
MEURO
Launcher development
programmes
Satellites launched by Ariane, by customer Operational launcher systems and
ESA
Other institutional Europe
parts
14
European customers
12 Export customers
European vs Export customers (M)
10 - 250 500 750
Exports
Launcher development European customers
8 programmes
Operational launcher systems and
6 parts
4
Private vs. public customers (M)
2 - 250 500 750
Private customers
Launcher development Public customers
0 programmes
Operational launcher systems and
parts
Science systems
500
Human Space infrastructure
(ISS, ATV,) European Exports
Microgravity products customers
400 (racks, experiments)
300
200
European institutional market (M)
Microgravity: ISS and Human spaceflight progs
n.a. prior to 1996 Science - 500 1 000
Microgravity
100
Science systems
MEURO
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
(racks, experiments)
Scientific programmes are the promoted almost exclusively by insti- systems such as ATV and the Cupola, are included here). Within
tutional European entities, at the forefront of which is ESA. Three this market segment, as in launchers, the trend is decrease or
different types of programmes are included in this category : stability at best. This line of business is almost single-handedly
Science programmes: design, development and production of driven by ESA at European level.
spacecrafts often with unique features for science programmes, Microgravity programmes: this is a small and specific area of
answering the requirements of various scientific missions. This business consisting mainly in the development of experiments
business segment is mainly supported by ESA programmes com- (often in racks) to be performed in microgravity environment,
plemented by national programmes. either aboard the space station, with sounding rockets or in drop
ISS and Human spaceflight programmes: they include systems towers. This segment is by far the most confidential within the
mostly relevant to the ISS development and operations (sales of scientific programmes.
European spacecraft sales, mass & value Institutional vs. Commercial spacecraft
It is interesting to note that industry revenues related to spacecraft 70
sales are correlated with the spacecraft mass measured at date of 60 Institutional customers
launch. This particularly true for commercial and export systems 50 Commercial customers
(mostly geostationary telecommunications systems), but is visible 40
also on institutional sales pattern. 30
20
500
European customers vs Exports
10
70
- 0
60 European customers
1991
1992
1993
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1994
40
Definitions 30
40
The value of industry sales to Arianespace is correlated to
the number of launchers delivered to Arianespace in a given
30
year. However not all systems are launched in the year of
delivery; industry revenues from Arianespace also include a
20
share of services provided at Kourou for launcher integra-
tion and launcher operationsthus the profiles of launches
and payments are not perfectly aligned. The graph (top 10
This means that the revenues and employ- Series in constant 2010 economic conditions All efforts have been made to preserve full
ment of such companies as: Eutelsat, Para- (1991-2010) were produced by applying OECD data consistency throughout historic series,
EU27 production price index deflators. and the objective was achieved at the ex-
digm, Inmarsat, Arianespace, SES Global, and
other operators are not included in the pe- pense of corrections applied to previous
rimeter of the survey. years data sets. These corrections have been
rather minor.
Spacecraft/satellite systems
The category includes all items destined to leave the
Earth atmosphere and operate in space, either to deliver
operational services in Earth orbit (satellite applications
systems), either in to perform scientific mission in Earth
orbit and beyond (scientific systems).
The Eurospace facts & figures economic model included 199 companies in 2010.
The companies listed below are those having provided updated sales and employment information for the year 2010. The regular contribu-
tion of major space players in Europe ensures the accuracy of Eurospace facts & figures economic assessment of European space manufactur-
ing activity.
For all other companies, proxy data was used in the model. Proxy data is elaborated using information provided in previous years (when avail-
able) and/or information available from public sources, mainly the European Space Directory and company websites.
For products: Germany: New Space Unit added to model: Thales Germany, cor-
rect allocation of Thales employment by geographical location:
Navigation systems (in 1996) - before the data was included in
Impact +250 FTE.
telecommunications
The Netherland: Three new companies added to model: Cosine
Launcher development and Operational launcher systems (in
BV, NLR and HE Space Holding BV. Significant impact on employ-
1996) - before all launcher activities were bundled together
ment +180 FTE.
About ground systems and services:
United Kingdom: Two new space units added to model: ESR Tech-
Before 2009, all sales of professional ground stations (TT&C and
nology Ltd and Selex Galileo Ltd. Modest impact on employment:
data stations, control centres) and related services (such as
+30 FTE.
ground segment operations) were included in the associated
product category (telecoms, science, Earth Observation, etc.) 2008 data correction: launcher sales
A major methodological update was performed in 2009, that en- Launcher sales values of 2008 have been corrected by 150 Meuro;
tailed some changes in the data series, and in particular: this impacts on Final sales value of 2008, and also other launcher
Military system sales are counted separately from military cus- related values. Correction justification: consolidation error.
tomers sales
2009 data correction: employment
All ground segment activities are clearly separated from the rest,
2009 figures updated: retroactive correction of values based on
this includes the sales of professional stations and control centre
inputs received in 2011. Notable impact on France (+1000 em-
operations, as well a services to industry
ployees) and on UK (+103 employees). Correction justification:
Model error (France), redeployment of employees by work loca-
In all long series, the data is harmonised to ensure continuity tion (UK).
Copyright policy
Eurospace facts and figures is an annual publication by Eurospace. The publication comprises a colour brochure (available as a PDF file and in
hardcopy), a detailed presentation (available as a PDF and a PPTX file), guidelines for survey participants (available in PDF), an Excel file with
the main data sets and an Excel file with the questionnaire.
All elements of the Eurospace Facts and Figures publication, including data, charts and reports are provided for information purposes to
the general public via www.eurospace.org. All rights to use, repost or reproduce any excerpt of text, tables and charts are reserved by
Eurospace. The photograph of ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli aboard he ISS is copyright by NASA (see back cover for photo credits).
Third parties interested in reproducing parts or the totality of the data text and charts downloaded from www.eurospace.org shall contact
Pierre Lionnet at Eurospace (pierre.lionnet@eurospace.org) to seek the appropriate authorisations.
These authorisations will be granted for free in most cases (particularly for normal rights to quote, for academic work, for scientific publica-
tions, etc.), but in other cases (e.g. contracted work, use by consultancies, commercial publications etc.) the authorisations will be submitted
to the payment of a fee to be negotiated with Eurospace.
The survey would not be possible without the kind cooperation of participating
companies (see list inside).