Shortcut Grammar

Shortcut Grammar Grade 10 D Pyo Khin Education
DECEMBER 31, 2016

D PYO KHIN DEUCATION
0991000466
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Shortcut Grammar Grade 10 D Pyo Khin Education Shortcut Grammar Grade 10 D Pyo Khin Education
V-ing ( ) 39. Please do meet us at the station, they said to their uncle.
They requested .
When V-ing ( )
40. Daw Thein said, Doctor, please save my husbands life.
(i). When she had taken some medicine, she felt better.
Daw Thein begged .
Having taken some medicine, she felt better.
41. We said to her, Do please light up the candles for us.
(ii).The dog barked when it saw the stranger come in.
We requested Will you please do me a favour? she said to him.
Seeing the stranger come in, the dog barked.
42. Will you please do me a favour? she said to him.
and V-ing (./ )
She requested .
(i). Nanda did his homework and then watched T.V.
43. Do forgive me, said the girl to her boyfriend.
Having done his homework, Nanda watched T.V.
The girl begged .
as (because) V-ing ( )
44. Please dont talk to me while Im shaving, said U Myint to his wife.
(i). As she did not know the answer to the question, she kept quiet.
Not knowing the answer to the question, she kept quiet. U Myint told .
(ii).Win Thar won the scholarship because she was an outstanding student. 45. I said to her, Please wait here till I returen.
Being an outstanding student, Win Thar won the scholarship. I asked .
so V-ing ( ) 46. The little boy said to me, Please let me see what youve put in the box.
(i). He had seen me in a photograph. So he recognized me at once. The little boy pleaded with me .
Having seen me in a photograph, he recognized me at once. 47. He said, My wife, please show me yours by yourself.
He asked .
1. When I had studied my lessons, I said my prayers and went to bed.
Having .
2. I have a lot of work to do, and must start early.
Having .
3. The ink had dried up and I could not write.
The ink having .
4. As he was lazy, he failed in the examination.
Being .
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The teacher told . After

27. He said, My daughter, you must not go out alone at night.
( )
He told .
28. You must not stay in bed, Daw Thein, said the doctor. (Active Verb) (Passive Verb)
The doctor advised . After + V-ing After + being + V3
29. Do forgive me, dear, said the man to his wife. After + Sub + had + V3 After + Sub + had been + V3
The man begged . S1 = S 2

30. The doorman said to the visitor, You mustnt touch the painting. (and then ) Subj 2
The doorman warned . Clause Verb Active & Passive
31. Nyo Nyo said, Maw Maw, dont forgive to lock the door. (i). Ma Ma did the cooking first, and then she did the washing.
Nyo Nyo reminded . After doing cooking, Ma Ma did the washing.
32. The teacher said, Class, stop talking while Im teaching. After Ma Ma had done cooking, she did the washing.
The teacher ordered . (ii). Nyi Nyi was allowed to play when he had finished his homework.
33. The teacher said to Wunna, Give up drinking or you will die. After Nyi Nyi had finished his homework, he was allowed to play.
The teacher warned . After having finished his homework, Nyi Nyi was allowed to play.
34. Sons, be always polite and respectful to your elders, she said. (iii). The houses were destroyed by a storm. Then they were rebuilt by the
She told . villagers.
35. The doctor said to the patient, Go to bed early and take a rest. After being destroyed by a storm, the houses were rebuilt by the villagers.
The doctor suggested . After the houses had destroyed by a storm, they were rebuilt by the
36. Ko Soe said to Darli, Please lend me your book. villagers.
Ko Soe told .
37. Please dont talk to your father while he is working. Said mother to me. and then Subj 2
Mother told . Clause Verb
38. I said to her, Come to me tomorrow, please. Active Active
I asked . Passive Passive
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(i). The books were corrected and then returned to the students. The doctor inquired .
After being destroyed, the books were returned to the students. 14. Thuzar inquired of me, Did you take the medicine today?
After the books had been corrected, they were returned to the students. Thuzar inquired of me .
(ii).He folded the letter and then put it into the envelope. 15. The visitor said, Could I buy some Shan bags in Bogyoke Market?
After folding the letter, he put it into the envelope. The visitor wanted to know .
After he had folded the letter, he put it into the envelope. 16. He said, Should you do like this, my son?
She asked .
S1 S2 17. She said, Moe Moe, are you feeling all right?
Subj Clause subj Clause object He asked .
Active Passive Subj 18. The teacher said to his pupils, Do you understand what I say?
The teacher asked .
(i). The king crossed the bridge. Then it collapsed. 19. She said to me, Would you please open the door for me?
(The bridge was crossed by the king. Then it collapsed.) (Sub ) She asked .
After being crossed by the king, it collapsed. 20. She said, Aung Aung, when is your friend coming here?
After the bridge had been crossed by the bridge, it collapsed. She asked .
(ii).They told me so many lies. I cant trust anyone. 21. Did all your friends come to your party, Than Than? said U Aye.
(I was told so many lies. I cant trust anyone. (Sub ) U Aye asked .
After being told so many lies, I cant trust anyone. 22. Why were you absent yesterday? said the teacher to Mg Toe.
After I had been told so many lies, I cant trust anyone. The teacher asked .
1. Moe Moe washed the clothes and then hung them on the line. 23. They said, When will the train arrive here?
Having . They inquired .
2. They travelled for a number of days. Then their dry rations ran out. 24. Where do you live, little girl? the man asked me.
After . The man calling me little girl, asked .
3. I unpacked my case and took out my note-book. 25. How long have you live here? I said to her.
After . I asked .
4. As soon as she cooked dinner, she laid the table. 26. The teacher said, Dont make the same mistake again, Naing Naing!
After .
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Without
1. She said, I never eat pork.
( )
She said .
2. I said, Ive lost my hat. (Active Verb) (Passive Verb)
I said . After + V-ing After + being + V3
3. She said, He was thinking of going abroad. S1 = S 2
She said . Verb Active Passive
4. Ill do it tomorrow. He promised.
He promised . (i). He wants to pass the exam. He does not work hard.
5. Mother is here, he said. He wants to pass the exam without working hard.
He said . Without working hard, he wants to pass the exam.
6. She said, You are a bachelor. (ii). Soe Tun went off on a picnic with his friends. He didnt ask for
She said . permission.
7. I said, You are a good girl. Without asking for permission, Soe Tun went off on a picnic with his
I said . friends.
8. He said, You are very clever students. (iii). They listened to the lecture but wrote nothing down.
He said . They listened to the lecture without writing anything down.
9. They said, We have not finished our homework. (iv). You will not get high marks in English unless you study regularly.
They said . Without studying regularly, you will not get high marks in English.
10. You are too noisy, children, said the mother. (v). Hla Hla swept the room. She was not asked to do so.
The mother told . Without being asked, Hla Hla swept the room.
11. Will he come tonight? I wondered. (vi). If your mother doesnt permit you, you cant be allowed to go.
I wondered . Without your mothers permission, you cant be allowed to go.
12. The stranger said, Where is the bus stop? (vii). They remained silent, they neither said not did anything.
The stranger enquired . Without saying and doing anything, they remained silent.
13. The doctor said to me, Do you take the medicine today? (viii). He attended the party. He was not invited.
Without being invited, he attended the party.
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S1 S2 (Request)
Subj Clause subj Clause object 1. Please open the window, Mg Mg, said the teacher.
Active Passive Subj The teacher asked Mg Mg to open the window.
2. The girl said, Mother, please give me some money.
(i). He entered the room. No one noticed him. The girl begged her mother to give her some money.
(He entered the room. He was not noticed.) (Sub ) 3. She said to me, Please dont drive too fast.
Without being noticed, he entered the room. She requested me not to drive too fast.
(ii). A thief entered the room. My father did not notice him.
Without being noticed by my father, a thief entered the room. Please do + V1 do Please do
(iii). Po Khwa used the computer although no one gave him permission.
Without being given permission, Po Khwa used the computer. 4. The young girl said to the man, Do please tell me your address.
The young girl requested the man to tell his address.
1. She shoplifted some snacks. Nobody saw her.

Will you please please (polite form)
Without .
will you please
2. The boy left the room. They did not ask him to do so.
5. Will you please help me do these sums, teacher? the girl said.
Without .
The girl requested her teacher to help her do these (the) sums.
3. He put on the shirt. He did not iron it.
Without .
4. Mother cooked the curry but she didnt taste it.
Mother cooked the curry without .
5. You will not get high marks in English unless you study regularly.
Without .
6. When he came into the room, he did not look at any one.
He came into the room without .
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(Command) Although / In spite of / But / However

1. I said to Mg Mg, Show me your book.
( )
I told Mg Mg to show me his book.
2. The teacher said to her students, Dont talk while Im teaching. Although + Subj 1 + Verb, Subj 2 + Verb.
The teacher ordered her students not to talk while she was teaching. However + Adj / Adv + Sub 1 + Verb, Sub 2 + Verb.
3. U Min Thit said to his pupils, Be more careful. Subj 1 + Verb but Subj 2 + Verb.
U Min Thit urged his pupils to be more careful. Subj 1 + Verb yet, Subj 2 + Verb.
4. The captain said to his soldiers. Be ready tonight. If S1 = S2, In spite of + V-ing
The captain commanded his soldiers to be ready that night. If S1 S2, In spite of + Subj 1 + V-ing
5. Do not wear expensive clothes, my daughter, said he. In spite of + a/an/the + Noun
He told his daughter not to wear expensive clothes. In spite of + my/our/your/his/her/their/its + Noun
In spite of + Noun
V1 Do Do
6. Mu Mu said to her friend, Do come to my birthday party without fail. Same Subjects
Mu Mu told her friend to come to her birthday party without fail. (i). Although he was sick, he went to work.
In spite of being sick, he went to work.
Must/mustnt In spite of his sickness, he went to work.
7. Teacher said to us, You must try to improve your proficiency. (ii).Although they worked day and night, they did not finish the work.
Teacher told us to try improve our proficiency. In spite of working day and night, they did not finish the work.
8. The teacher said, You must attend the classes regularly.
The teacher told me (us) to attend the classes regularly. Different Subjects
9. U Than Zaw said to Ma Ma, You must not cross the road against the red (i). Although diamonds are very expensive, most people love them.
light. In spite of diamonds being very expensive, most people love them.
U Than Zaw told Ma Ma not to cross the road against the red light. (ii).They went out although it was raining.
In spite of the rain, they went out.
(iii). Although roses have thorns, people still like them.
In spite of roses having thorns, people still like them.
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In spite of + Article (a/an, the) 12. How many siblings do you have? I said to her.
(i). Although she is beautiful, she is not proud. I asked her how many siblings he had.
In spite of her beauty, she is not proud.
(ii). Although there were danger signs, they were swimming. do, does, did dont, doesnt,
In spite of the danger signs, they were swimming. didnt Tenses
(iii). The questions were difficult but we could answer quite well. Dont/Doesnt did not didnt had not
In spite of the difficult questions, we could answer quite well.

13. Aye Aye said to Nyi Nyi, Why dont you run and fetch the doctor?
Aye Aye asked Nyi Nyi why he did not run and fetch the doctor.
In spite of Although
14. The man said to U Po, Why didnt you tell the truth at the trial?
(i). In spite of being successful in life, Daw Chaw is not happy.
The man asked U Po why he had not told the truth at the trial.
Although Daw Chaw is successful in life, she is not happy.
(ii). His hand was injured but he managed to write. Question word Main Verb question word
Although his hand was injured, he managed to write. subject )
(iii). He worked the whole day yet he did not look tired. 15. Who stole my money? said uncle.
Although he did not look tired, he worked the whole day. Uncle wanted to know who had stolen his money.
16. I said to her, What happened to her?
However I asked her what had happened to her.
(i). She is beautiful but she is not proud.
However beautiful she is, she is not proud. Question word Main Verb sub
(ii).However hard she studied, she did not pass the examination. sub, verb
Although she studied hard, she did not pass the examination. 17. The host said to me, Who are you?
The host asked me who I was.
1. In spite of the hot weather, he doesnt drink the cold drink.
Although .
2. In spite of the heat, we enjoyed the picnic.
Although .
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(Question) Conjunctions ( )

1. I said to him, Where do you live?
I asked him where he lived. So as, because, since, for
2. I said to her, What did you do last night? but, yet although, though
I asked her what she had done the previous night. when by the time
3. Cho Cho said to Ko Ko, Are you single?
Cho Cho asked Ko Ko if (whether) he was single/ When ( ) = By the time ( /)
4. The teacher said, Zaw Zaw, have you finished your homework? (i). By the time we had our dinner, the lights went out.
The teacher inquired Zaw Zaw if (whether) he had finished his homework. When we had our dinner, the lights went out.
5. The visitor said, May I sit in this chair? (ii).It was dark when the boxing match was over.
The visitor wanted to know if (whether) he/she might sit in that chair. By the time the boxing match was over, it was dark.
6. She said to me, Are you happy or not?
She asked me whether I was happy or not. But, yet & although, though
7. Could you tell me the way to the station? the stranger asked me. (i). She is rich but she is not proud.
The stranger politely asked me if (whether) I could tell him/her the way to Although she is rich, she is not proud.
the station.
8. He said to me, What is your name? So & as, because, since, for
He asked me what my name was. (i). He went to school as he had to attend a special class.
He had to attend a special class so he went to school.

(ii). Ni Ni was not happy as she had lost her pen.
9. What time is it?| said father.
As Ni Ni had lost her pen, she was not happy.
Father wanted to know what time it was.
(iii). I pretended to sleep because I did not want to talk to him.
10. Whose shirts are these? said mother.
As I did not want to talk to him, I pretended to sleep.
Mother wanted to know whose shirt those were.
11. Which colour do you like? she said to me.
She asked me which colour I liked.
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Conditional Type (I) Direct & Indirect Speech

(It is used to describe something is reasonable possible.)
(Statement)
(If Clause), (Main Clause) If + Sub + V1, Sub + will + V1.
(Main Clause) (If Clause) Sub + will + V1 if + Sub + V1. 1. U Htay said, I will come tomorrow.
U Htay said that he would come the next day.
Conditional Type (II)
2. The old lady said, I am feeling well now.
(It is used to talk about unreal or impossible situations now or in the future.)
The old lady said that she was feeling well then.
(If Clause), (Main Clause) If + Sub + V2, Sub + would / could + V1. 3. I do not know you, she said to me.
She told me that she did not know me.
Conditional Type (III)
4. I bought this pen last week, I said to Mg Mg.
(It is used to talk about things in the past happening
I told Mg Mg that I had bought that (the/that) pen the previous week.
differently from the way they really happened.)
5. He said to the pupils, You should study regularly.
(If Clause), (Main Clause) If + Sub + had + V3, Sub + would + have + V3. He told the pupils that they should study regularly.
could + have + V3 (Could, should, would, might, must, used to, ought to Tense
might + have + V3 )
If + not = Unless
6. She said, Father died a year ago.
If Unless
She said that her father had died a year before.
1. If Clause
(Quote Father, mother, son, daughter, children
2. If Clause Main Clause Main Clause
)

1. If she does not eat nutritious food, she will not be strong. 7. You can copy down the sentences, class, said the teacher.
Unless she eats nutritious food, she will not be strong. The teacher told the class that they could copy down the sentences.
2. If you do not diet or exercise, you will not lose weight. (Quote ()
Unless you diet or exercise, you will not lose weight. ( boy(s), girl(s), students,
3. If I like the design of this shirt, I will buy it. class, doctor, young man, etc ) (the)
Unless I like the design of this shirt, I will not buy it.
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12. Someone used my computer while I was away. Unless If

My computer . Unless Clause If + not ( )
13. Daw Daw looked after the children when their parents were away.
The children . 1. Unless you hurry, you will be late.
14. We can only see microscopic insects through a microscope. If you do not hurry, you will be late.
Microscopic insects . 2. Unless she apologizes to me, Ill never speak to her again.
15. We were told by Saya Myo to be critical in reading. If she does not apologize to me, Ill never speak to her again.
Saya myo . 3. Unless we have spare wheels, we cannot begin our journey.
16. The bees stung him to death. If we do not have spare wheels, we cannot begin our journey.
He .
17. The workers will have dug a new well by the end of this month.
Or / Otherwise Unless / If + not
A new well .
Or / Otherwise Unless If + not
18. People spoke Latin language in olden times.
Unless If sub (you)
Latin language .
19. U Thein will take the children to the cinema tomorrow.
1. Drive rapidly or you will be late.
The children .
Unless you drive rapidly, you will be late.
20. Teachers should teach their students to pronounce correctly.
If you do not drive rapidly, you will be late.
Students .
2. Do as you are told, otherwise you will regret it.
21. Ko Myo is to meet the guests at the station this afternoon.
Unless you do as you are told, you will regret it.
The guests .
If you do not do as you are told, you will regret it.
22. I am taught English by my father.
My father . 3. Take back your words. If not, I wont forgive you.
23. The work was carelessly done by the lazy boy. Unless you take back your words, I wont forgive you.
The lazy boy . If you do not take back your words, I wont forgive you.
24. The storm uprooted a big tree in my garden last month. 4. Be quiet or you will be beaten.
A big tree . Unless you are quiet, you will be beaten.
25. They will finish the construction of the bridge next month. If you are not quiet, you will be beaten.
The construction .
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If want to Unless 65. People are not allowed to smoke in the bus.
If Clause want to, wish to, hope to Main Clause must + V1 No one is allowed to smoke in the bus.
have to + V1 66. People are not permitted to pick these flowers.
(i). Must V1 Unless Clause sub Nobody is permitted to pick these flowers.
(ii).Want to + V1 will not + V1 not want to + V1 will + V1
1. His mother beat him for stealing her money.
He .
1. You must work hard if you want to do well in your examination.
2. They presented gifts to the visitors from Thailand.
Unless you work hard, you will not do well in your examination.
Gifts .
2. If you wish to see the doctor, you have to come early.
3. Nobody saw Su Su leaving the classroom.
Unless you come early, you will not see the doctor.
Su Su .
3. If she does not want to be failure in life, she must work hard.
4. How often are the children taken to the park?
Unless she works hard, she will be failure in life. How often do you .
4. Unless you want to lose your good name, dont cheat in the examination. 5. Who told the teacher that he did not attend class today?
If you cheat in the examination, you will lose your good name. By whom .
6. The childs lack of appetite was not noticed by his parents?
1. Listen to me, or face the consequences.
The childs parents .
Unless . 7. Why did you scold and beat your daughter?
2. Do as I tell you or you will get into trouble. Why was .
Unless . 8. He was driving the car carelessly when the accident took place.
3. Go there now. If not, you wont get what you want. The car .
Unless . 9. Flowers and vegetables are grown in the garden by Daw Mya.
4. The police must search everyone on the bus if they want to find the pick pocket. Daw Mya .
Unless . 10. They sent me an e-mail yesterday.

5. If you want to be fit, you must do physical exercise. An e-mail .
Unless . 11. How do you send the children to school?

How are .
6. If he does not have much money, he will not buy a car.
Unless .
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53. He will be appointed monitor. Paired Conjunctions

We will appoint him monitor.
Paired conjunctions
54. His words must be listened to.
Subjects
They must listen to his words.
55. She will be refused admission by the police. Not only but also
Verb
The police will refuse her admission. Either or Subj 2
Subj 1 ( )
56. You should be elected captain by the players. Neither nor ( )
The players should elect you captain. Both and Verb ( )
57. They were promised presents. Both of Nouns ( ) Verb ( )
He promised them presents. Neither of Nouns ( ) Verb ()
58. We are taken to school daily.by mother. an/an, the), (preposition) (possessive)
Mother takes us to school daily.
59. The doors must be shut at night. Both and
You must shut the doors at night. 1. The girl is gentle and polite as well.
60. She is highly honoured. The girl is both gentle and polite.
Everybody hounours her highly. 2. Mother bought a new longyi. Mother bought a new shirt.
61. The wires were not cut. Mother bought both a new longyi and a new shirt.
No one cut the wires. 3. C. Ronaldo is a famous footballer. So is Messi.
62. The weak should not be insulted. Both C. Ronaldo and Messi are famous footballers.
Nobody should insult the weak. 4. Mya Mya has done her homework and so has Hla Hla.
Both Mya Mya and Hla Hla have done their homework.
Passive Passive 5. Not only Tun Tun but also his brother works hard.
63. A present was given to the teacher. Both Tun Tun and his brother work hard.
The teacher was given a present. 6. Neither Moe Moe nor Soe Soe can answer this question.
64. I am given pocket money by mother. Both Moe Moe and Soe Soe cannot answer this question.
Pocket money is given to me by mother. 7. Neither Maw Maw nor Zaw Zaw has been to Bago.
Both Maw Maw and Zaw Zaw have never been to Bago.
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Not only but also 43. When will they buy a house?
When will a house be bought?
1. The sun gives us light. It gives us energy as well.
The sun gives us not only light but also energy. Active who Passive By whom
2. Si Thu likes swimming. He does it every day. 44. Who produces a TV show?
Si Thu not only likes swimming but also does it every day. By whom is a TV show produced?
3. Playing football is my favourite. It is my hobby. 45. Who invented the first calendar?
Playing football is not only my favourite but also my hobby. By whom was the first calendar invented?
4. Both Phyu Phyu and Nyo Nyo are smart.
Not only Phyu but also Nyo Nyo is smart. It Passive
5. Neither Yu Yu not Mu Mu eats beef. 46. They knew that there were two kinds of blood vessels.
Not only Yu Yu but also Mu Mu does not eat beef. It was known that there were two kinds of blood vessels.
47. Harvey already knew that the heart is a hollow muscle.
Either or It was already known by Harvey that the heart is a hollow muscle.
1. You are right. If not, Nyi Nyi is right. Passive Active (Obj )
Either you are right or Nyi Nyi is right. 48. Football is played by Mg Mg every day.
2. If she does not leave, I will leave. Mg Mg plays football every day.
Either she or I will leave. 49. I was shown how to do it by Daw Phone.
3. If you dont work hard, you will fail in the examination. Daw Phone showed me how to do it.
Either (you) work hard or you will fail in the examination. 50. Language has been used to communicate each other.
4. Do as you are told; otherwise you will be punished. People have used language to communicate.
Either do as you are told or you will be punished. 51. Our TV set was stolen last night.
5. Speak the truth or go to jail. Someone stole our TV set last night.
Either speak the truth or go to jail. 52. Bogyoke Aung San was loved and respected.
6. He bought neither pen nor pencil. All of us loved and respected Bogyoke Aung San.
He did not bring either pen nor pencil.
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32. They must have finished building the bridge by the next month. Neither nor
Building the bridge must have been finished by next month. 1. This pen is not mine. It is not hers.
33. Someone should have told him about the changes in the plan. This pen is neither mine nor hers.
He should have been told about the changes in the plan. 2. These farmers do no use fertilizers. They do not use pesticides.
These farmers use neither fertilizers nor pesticides.
Helping Verb Active Passive 3. The teacher did not see Yu Yu and he did not see Ko Ko, either.
34. Does Ko Ko draw the map? The teacher saw neither Yu Yu nor Ko Ko.
Is the map drawn by Ko Ko? 4. She does not love roses and she does not love orchids.
35. Did you do the exercises? She loves neither roses nor orchids.
Were the exercises done? 5. He doesnt smoke and he doesnt drink either.
36. Have the boys painted the car? He neither smokes nor drinks.
Has the car been painted by the boys? 6. The students have not read the text. They have not studied the grammar.
37. Is mother washing the clothes? The students have neither read the text nor studied the grammar.
Are the clothes being washed by mother? 7. I cannot go out and she cannot come to me.
38. Will they hold the meeting? Neither I can go out nor she can come to me.
Will the meeting be held? 8. No medicine was sent to the refugees. No food was sent to the refugees.
Neither medicine nor food was sent to the refugees.
Question words Active Passive 9. She does not want fame, and neither do I.
Neither she nor I want fame.
39. Where do farmers grow rice? 10. Noe Noe is ugly and neither is Soe Soe.
Where is the rice grown by farmers? Neither Noe Noe nor Soe Soe is pretty.
40. How did the police catch the robbers? 11. Not only my father but also my mother dislikes telling lies.
How were the robbers caught by the police? Neither my father nor my mother likes telling lies.
41. Why is he burning the letters? 12. Both Win Mauk and NYi Pauk have never been to England.
Why are the letters being burnt? Neither Win Mauk nor Nyi Pauk has (ever) been to England.
42. When has the boy fed the duck? 13. Both Ko Ko and Nyi Nyi were absent yesterday.
Neither Ko Ko nor Nyi Nyi was present yesterday.
When have the ducks been fed by the boy?
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Neither of 22. They have to sell their house.

1. The twin brothers did not pay attention to their studies. Their house has to be sold.
Neither of the twin brothers paid attention to his study. 23. They had to turn over the hourglass every hour.
2. The two boys do not study their lessons well. The hourglass had to be turned over every hour.
Neither of the two boys studies his lesson well. 24. He is to look after the horses.
3. I cannot swim. Neither can my sister. The horses are to be looked after.
Neither of us can swim. 25. The man of music and dancing was to cook the rice.
4. Both the girls are not to be blamed. The rice was to be cooked by the man of music and dancing.
Neither of the girls is to be blamed. 26. They are going to take her away.
5. Both of these questions are difficult. She is going to be taken away.
Neither of these questions is easy. 27. I was going to sell my old books.
My old books were going to be sold.
1. She dances and sings. 28. The teacher ought to punish you.
She both . You ought to be punished by the teacher.
2. In supermarkets, goods are displayed attractively. In supermarkets, goods are 29. The master seems to beat the boys.
displayed hygienically. The boys seem to be beaten by the master.
In supermarkets, goods are displayed both . 30. We need to rewrite this chapter.
3. The teacher is here. The student is here. This chapter needs to be rewritten.
Both . 31. She needs to reopen her classes.
4. He buys used cars. He sells used cars. He classes need to be reopened.
He both .
5. U Ponnya was a great playwright. Shakespeare was a great playwright, too. Model Auxiliaries Perfect tenses Passive
Both .
6. Marlar is sweet and nice and so is her younger sister. Active Voice Passive Voice
Both . can/could/will/would can/could/will/would

+ have + + have + been
shall/should/may/might shall/should/may/might
7. We go to Pyin-Oo-Lwin in summer. We go to Pyin-Oo-Lwin in winter. V3 +V3
must must
We go to Pyin-Oo-Lwin not .
[15] [40]
Active Passive Double Obj ( ) Obj 8. All plants need water. All plants need light.
Obj All plants need not only .
Obj to (or) for 9. Both Soe Soe and Moe Moe do not cook well.
20. The professor gave the four students a cooking pot and some grain. Not only .
A cooking pot and some grain were given to the four students by the 10. Were going to vote for U Thein, or were going to vote for Daw Lu.
professor. Were going to vote for either .
21. Jim Bishop bought his mother the diamond earrings. 11. Listen to me or get out the classroom.
The diamond earrings were bought for his mother by Jim Bishop. Either .
12. The film was not well made. The film was not well acted.
(to + V1) (to + be + V3) (Passive The film was neither .
infinitive) 13. Both Moe Hein and Zaw Htay did not finish their work.
Neither .
Passive Infinitives
14. Cho Cho never comes here. Her sisters never come here.
No. Active Voice Passive Voice
Neither .
1. has/have/had + to + V1 has/have/had + to + V1
15. Both my brother and I are impatient.
( )
Neither .
2. am/is/are + to + V1 am/is/are + to + be +V3

3. am/is/are + going to + V1 am/is/are + going to + be + V3 Degrees of Comparisons
as + D1 + as (It is used to say that things are equal.)

4. am/is/are + about to + V1 am/is/are + about to + be + V3 N1, N2, adj / adv, Vbe / V

5. ought to + V1 ought to + be + V3 N1 + Vbe + as + D1 (adj) + as + N2.
6. used to + V1 used to + be + V3 N1 + V + as + D1 (adv) + as + N2.
7. need to + V1 need to + be + V3 1. Hla Hla is beautiful. Chaw Chaw is equally beautiful.
8. seem to + V1 seem to + be + V3 Hla Hla is as beautiful as Chaw Chaw.

Chaw Chaw is as beautiful as Hla Hla.
[39] [16]
2. Elephants are useful to men like cows. 8. She will arrange the flowers very beautifully.
Elephants are as useful (to men) as cows. 9. The flowers will be beautifully arranged.
3. Both Win Thawdar and Thawdar Win learn equally fast. 10. He has trained this horse well.
Win Thawdar learns as fast as Thawdar Win. This horse has been well trained.
4. Nyi Nyi is good at Mathematics. His brother is also good at Mathematics. 11. We are making the plan very well.
Nyi Nyi is as good as his brother at Mathematics. *** The pain is being very well made.
5. He is like an owl. He is very wise.
He is as wise as an owl. Active Passive Obj Obj
6. The hotel is like a palace. It is very grand. phrase
The hotel is as grand as a palace. 12. Wai Wai grows flowers as well as vegetables.
7. Both Aung Aung and Naung Naung tried equally well. Flowers as well as vegetables are grown by Wai Wai.
Aung Aung tried as well as Naung Naung. 13. The spoilt girl did whatever she liked to do.
8. Susan is tall and pretty. Cynthia is tall and pretty. Whatever she liked to do was done by the spoilt girl.
Susan is as tall and pretty as Cynthia. 14. No one knows how the thief got into the house.
9. Ba Aung can lift 90 kilos. Ba Maung can lift 90 kilos. How the thief got into the house is not known.
Ba Aung is as strong as Ba Maung. 15. We should obey the rules and regulations of the school.
The rules and regulations of the school should be obeyed.
D1 D2 (Noun change, Verb change, Degree change) 16. They will not admit children under twelve.
D1 D3 (Noun change, Verb change, Degree change) Children under twelve will not be admitted.
D2 D3 (Degree change) 17. They have selected the boy in the green shirt as captain of the team.
The boy in the green shirt has been selected as captain of the team.
N1 + Vbe + as D1 (adj) as + N2. 18. She will distribute the books on the table after class.
N2 + Vbe + D2 (adj) than + N1. The boy on the table will be distributed after class.
N2 + Vbe + the D3 (adj) + N1. 19. Mg Tin Oo directed the picture which won the academy award.
N1 + V + as D1 (adv) as + N2. The picture which won the academy award was directed by Mg Tin Oo.
N2 + V + D2 (adv) than + N1.
N2 + V + the D2 (adv) + N1.
[17] [38]
Active & Passive Noun Chang & Verb Change
Active Passive sub by

1. Nyi Nyi is taller than Ko Ko.
Negative Subj (Nobody, no one ) verb not
Ko Ko is not as tall as Nyi Nyi.
Active (Adverb of Time) Passive by + Agent
2. Silver is not as valuable as gold.
1. The police caught the murderer yesterday.
Gold is more valuable than silver.
The murderer was caught by the police yesterday.
3. A monk is more contented than a layman.
2. Mg Mg reads the newspaper every day.
A layman is not as contented as a monk.
The newspaper is read by Mg Mg every day.
4. Physics is not as easy to study as Chemistry.
Chemistry is easier to study than Physics.
Active (Adverb of Reason) for + Ving for not + Ving
5. A dag cannot run as fast as a horse.
Passive by + Agent
A horse can run faster than a dog.
3. His mother beat him for stealing her money.
6. A hawk can fly higher than a sparrow.
He was beaten by his mother for stealing her money.
A sparrow cannot fly as high as a hawk.
4. The teacher punished me for not attending the class.
7. Si Thu sings more sweetly than Aung Aung.
I was punished by the teacher for not attending the class.
Aung Aung doesnt sing as sweetly as Si Thu.
Active with (Adverb of manner) adv Passive 8. Jasmines smell sweeter than orchids.
by + Agent Orchids dont smell as sweet as jasmines.
5. The cat killed the rat with a stroke of its paw. 9. Myo Myo ran much faster than Swe Swe in the last race.
The rat was killed by the cat with a stroke of its paw. Swe Swe did not run as fast as Myo Myo in the last race.
6. David Beckham scored the winning goal with a free kick.

No other (any other) / There is no & the D3
The winning goal was scored by David Beckham with a free kick.
1. Yangon is the largest city in Myanmar.

Active (Adverb of Reason) (ly/ well) Passive
Yangon is larger than other city in Myanmar.
V 3
No other city in Myanmar is as large as Yangon.
7. They killed the mad dog cruelly.
There is no city in Myanmar as large as Yangon.
The mad dog was cruelly killed.
[37] [18]
2. Biology is more difficult than any other Science subjects. 4. She is too afraid to go out alone in the dark.
No other Science subject is as difficult as Biology. She is not .
There is no Science subject as difficult as Biology. 5. The bird is not strong enough to fly over the mountain.
Biology is the most difficult Science subject. The bird is too .
3. No other known substance is as hard as the diamond. 6. He is too busy to visit his friends.
He is so .
The diamond is the hardest known substance.
7. We have worked too little to get high marks.
The diamond is harder than any other known substance.
We have worked so .
There is no known substance as hard as diamond.
8. The clock is so slow that it cannot show the correct time.
4. There is no disease as bad as cancer.
The clock is too .
Cancer is the worst disease.
9. The children are too short to reach for the fruit in the tree.
Cancer is worse than (any other) disease.
The children are so .
No other disease is as bad as cancer. 10. The road was too narrow for a bus to use.
The road was so .
(Very) few / (most other) / There are no & one of the D3
11. The book is too interesting for her to stop reading.
The book is so .
1. Mg Mg is one of the tallest boys in the class. 12. The river is so wide that the man cannot swim across it.
Mg Mg is taller than most other boys in the class. The river is too .
Very few boys in the class are as tall as Mg Mg. 13. The cat is fast enough to catch the mice.
There are very few boys in the class as tall as Mg Mg. The cat is so .
2. English is more useful than other languages. 14. The wind was so strong that it uprooted many trees.
Very few languages are as useful as English. The wind was strong .
There are very few languages as useful as English. 15. The exercise is easy enough for us to do in a short time.
English is one of the most useful languages. The exercise is so .
3. Very few persons I have known are as systematic as U Myo. 16. Helen was bright enough for Annie to teach language.
Helen was so .
U Myo is one of the most systematic persons I have known.
17. The story was so boring that I fell asleep while I was reading it.
U Myo is more systematic as (most other) persons I have known.
The story was such .
There are very few persons I have known as systematic as U Myo.
[19] [36]
3. The bag of rice is too heavy for the children to carry. D2 (Verb modifier) D2 (Noun modifier)
The bag of rice is so heavy that the children cannot carry it.
4. The principal is so busy that he cannot see you. 1. She sings better than her mother.
The principal is too busy to see you. She is a better singer than her mother.
5. The question was so difficult that no student in the class could answer it. 2. His aunt tells stories better than his teacher.
The question was too difficult for student in the class to answer. His aunt is a story teller than his teacher.
3. U Thaung paints picture more artistically than U Ba.
enough to So that
U Thaung is a more artistical picture painter than U Ba.
enough to so that
enough to adj so ... that N Change Verb adj
enough adj for N Noun Subj2 ( ) D2 D2
to + V1 can + V1 could + V1
1. Ko Ko did better than Mi Mi in the examination.
that it(obj) to it (obj)
Mi Mi did worse than Min Mi in the examination.
1. The question was easy enough for even a child to answer. 2. My sister arrived home earlier than I did.
The question was so easy that a child can answer it. I arrived home later than my sister did.
2. She is foolish enough to believe what they say. 3. A Mercedes car is more expensive than a Toyota Saloon.
She is so foolish that she can believe what they say. A Toyota Saloon is cheaper than a Mercedes.
3. He is so clever that he can pass with many distinctions.
N Verb adj
He is clever enough to pass with many distinctions.
D2 D2
1. His handwriting is too small for me to read.

1. He sings better than his brother.
His handwriting is not .
He does not sing as well as his brother.
2. The water in this stream is not pure enough for us to drink.
2. A Mercedes car is more expensive than a Toyota Saloon.
The water in this stream is too .
A Mercedes car is not as cheap as a Toyota Saloon.
3. The youths were not bright enough to understand their teachers advice.
The youths were too .
[35] [20]
D3 (ever) D2 (never) Too to not enough to
adj
1. This is the tallest man I have ever seen.

I have never see a taller man than this.
2. Ngapali is the most beautiful spot I have ever been to. 1. She is not thin enough to be a model.
I have never been to a more beautiful spot than Ngapali. She is too fat to be a model.
2. This problem is not easy enough for us to solve.
1. U Chan Tha has a lot of money. U Than Kywe has a lot of money. This problem is too difficult for us to solve.
U Chan Tha has as much money as U Than Kywe. 3. Mon Mon did not feel well enough to go to school.
2. The boy was cheerful. He was like a lark. Mon Mon felt too ill to go to school.
The boy was . 4. The car is too expensive for me to buy.
3. He brother is stupid. He is like a donkey. The car is not cheap enough for me to buy.
He brother is . 5. The weather is too bad to go on a picnic.
4. My fathers advice was good. It was like gold. The weather is not good enough to go on a picnic.
My fathers advice was .
5. This flat is small. Our old one is big. Too to So that
This flat is not as .
Too to so that
6. Today is cold. Yesterday was colder.
too to adj so ... that
Today is not as .
too adj for N Noun Subj2 ( )
7. Iron is heavier than wood.
to + V1 cannot + V1 could not + V1
Wood is not as .
that it(obj) to it (obj)
1. The car is too expensive for me to buy.

The car is so expensive that I cannot buy it.
2. The books are too difficult to be read by our students.
The books are so difficult that they cannot be read by our students.
[21] [34]
5. He is such a good-natured person that everyone likes him. Parallel Structure

He is so good natured that everyone likes him.
(The D2 Sub V, the D2 Sub V)
6. It is such an expensive dictionary that I cannot effort to buy it.
The dictionary is so expensive that I cannot effort to buy it. D1 D2
7. The teacher is so kind and patient that every student loves her. many, much, a lot, a lot of + (N) more (N)
She is such a kind and patient teacher that every student loves her. not, little (N) less (N)
8. He drives so skillfully that the passengers feel safe and secure. Noun Verb to be
He is such a skillful driver that the passenger feels safe and secure. Pronoun Verb to be
9. The coffee was so good that I had another cup. 1. The girl is prettier, she is prouder.
It was such good coffee that I had another cup. The prettier the girl, the prouder she is.
2. He wastes more and more, but saves less and less.
too to
The more he wastes, the less she saves.
If S1 = S2 S1 + Vbe + too adj to V1
3. He sells many books, and he makes much profit.
If S1 S2 S1 + Vbe + too adj for N to V1
The more books he sells, the more profit he makes.
(for Noun Sub2 )
4. If you spend much, you will save little.
Two Clauses to too to The more you spend, the less you will save.
The box is quite heavy. I cannot carry it. 5. If you do not eat much, you will become thin.
The box is too heavy for me to carry. The less you eat, the thinner you will become.
The big car could not come in because the gate was narrow. 6. If a car is big, it needs a lot of petrol.
The gate was too narrow for the big car to come in. The bigger a car, the more petrol it needs.
The water in the stream is icy. I cannot swim in it. 7. If the news is not important, the headline is small.
The water in the stream is too icy for me to swim in. The less important the news, the smaller the headline.
8. The hotel is expensive, the service is good.
enough to
The more expensive the hotel, the better the service.
If S1 = S2 S1 + Vbe + adj enough to V1
9. If you are lazy, you will not succeed.
If S1 S2 S1 + Vbe + adj enough for N to V1
The lazier you are, the less you will succeed.
(for Noun Sub2 )
[33] [22]
Relative Pronouns such that

Subj + Verb + Obj + Adv (Place/Time). S1 + Vbe + such a/an adj N that S2 Verb
relative pronoun Noun Two Clauses to such that

Subj Obj Place 1. The book is very good. I couldnt put it down.
It is such a good book that I couldnt put it down.

2. We were all having a good time. We didnt want to stop.
Subj + who/which/that + Verb + Obj + Adv.
We were all having such a good time that we didnt want to stop.
Obj + whom/which/that + Subj + Verb + Adv.
3. It was a very warm evening. We had dinner outside in the garden.
Adv (Place) where + Subj + Verb + Obj.
It was such a warm evening that we had dinner outside in the garden.
Adv (Time) when + Subj + Verb + Obj.
Subject (relative pronoun Noun Subj ) So that Such that
1. We eat the vegetables. The vegetables grow in our garden. S1 + Vbe + so adj that S2 Verb
We eat the vegetables which grow in our garden. S1 + Verb + so adv that S2 Verb
2. What is the name of the girl? She telephoned me.
S1 + Vbe + such a/an adj N that S2 Verb
What is the name of the girl who telephoned me?
3. Do you know the woman? She lives next door. that Clause
Do you know the woman who lives the next door? a/an adj N N S1
4. Our village pagoda has been built. It was destroyed by an earthquake. 1. The film was so interesting that I saw it twice.
Our village pagoda which was destroyed by an earthquake has been rebuilt. It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice.
5. The woman is waiting for you now. She came here yesterday. 2. It was such a hot day that I went to the beach.
The woman who came here yesterday is waiting for you now. The day was so hot that I went to the beach.
6. I know the girl. Her mother is a famous film star. 3. Hnin Hnins fever was so high that she was taken to the hospital.
I know the girl whose mother is a famous film star. Hnin Hnin has such a high fever that she was taken to the hospital.
4. It was such a rainy day that they couldnt go out yesterday.
Yesterday was so rainy that they couldnt go out.
[23] [32]
8. Khin Khin and Yin Yin are very clever. Khin Khin is an engineer. Yin Yin is 7. I will introduce you to the baby. The babys father owns a shop.
a doctor. I will introduce you to the baby whose father owns a shop.
Khin Khin and Yin Yin, an engineer and a doctor, are very clever. 8. We helped our neighbours. Their car had been broken down.
Khin Khin, an engineer and Yin Yin, a doctor, are very clever. We helped our neighbours whose car had been broken down.
9. Have you been to Nay Pyi Taw? It is the capital of Myanmar. 9. This is the man. His bus was destroyed by a fire.
Have you been to Nay Pyi Taw, the capital of Myanmar. This is the man whose bus was destroyed by a fire.
10. I know the man. His father is rich.
I know the man whose father is rich.
so that
S1 + Vbe + so adj that S2 Verb Object (relative pronoun Noun Subj

S1 + Verb + so adv that S2 Verb Obj obj )
Two Clauses to so that

1. Annie taught a child. She was angry.
1. The questions were very difficult. I cannot answer them. The child who (whom) Annie taught was angry.
The questions were so difficult that I cannot answer them. 2. Thura bought a watch from Ga Mone Pwint stroe. It is for her sister.
2. It was very hot last night. I could not get to sleep. The watch which Thura bought from Ga Mone Pwint store is for her sister.
It was so hot last night that I could not get to sleep. 3. He got a letter yesterday. It was from one of his old friends.
3. Nobody heard him because he came in very silently. The letter which he got yesterday was from one of his old friends.
He came in so silently that nobody heard him. 4. I want to see the doctor yesterday. He is very patient.
4. She made many mistakes that she failed in the exam. The doctor whom I want to see yesterday is very patient.
She made so many mistakes that she failed in the exam. 5. I like the birthday present. You sent it from Singapore.
5. She was miserable because her stepmother was very cruel to her. I like the birthday present which you sent from Singapore.
Her stepmother was so cruel to her that she was miserable. 6. I picked up a gold ring yesterday. It belongs to Yin Yin.
The gold ring which I picked up yesterday belongs to Yin Yin.
7. We met a salesgirl at Lucky One Supermarket. She was very impatient.
The salesgirl who we met at Lucky One Supermarket was very impatient.
[31] [24]
8. The teacher cant remember the boy. He lent his book to the boy. Nouns in Apposition
The teacher cant remember the boy to whom he lent his book.
Subj + Vbe + Obj.
Adv (When ) Subj + Vbe + Obj
1. Sunday is the day. I am busy on that day. Vbe comma
Sunday is the day when (on which) I am busy. comma Noun
2. 1960 was the year. My parents got married in that year. Noun Sub Sub
1960 was the year when (in which / that) my parents got married. Obj Obj
3. 14th February is the day. All lovers are very happy on that day.
14th February is the day when (in which) all lovers are very happy. 1. U Khin Mg came to see me. U Khin Mg is a manager.
U Khin Mg, a manager, came to see me. (Sub )
Adv (Place ) 2. I went to see U Khin Mg. U Khin Mg is a manager.
1. The building is very old. He lives there. I want to see U Khin Mg, a manager. (Obj )
The building where (in which) he lives is very old. 3. Daw Khin May is very patient. She is our English teacher.
2. I went to Yangon. I saw many cars there. Daw Khin May, our English teacher, is very patient.
I went to Yangon where (in which) I saw many cars. 4. Daw Khin May. She is our English teacher.
3. Mary went into the studio. Mary saw beautiful paintings there. Daw Khin May, our English teacher, is very patient.
Mary went into the studio where (in which) she saw beautiful paintings. 5. Tun Endra Bo is singing songs. She is an actress. She is a singer.
4. I enter the room. The children are playing in the room (there). Tun Endra Bo, an actress and singer, is singing songs.
I enter the room where (in which) the children are playing. 6. Tun Endra Bo is loved by all. She is a singer. She is an actress.
5. I cant find the book. I wrote down his address in the book. Tun Endra Bo, a singer and actress, is loved by all.
I cant find the book in which (where) I wrote down his address. 7. Daw Kyi Phyu is loved and respected by all students. She is my adoptive
mother. She is my class teacher.
Daw Kyi Phyu, my adoptive mother and class teacher, is loved and respected
by all students.
[25] [30]
No sooner .. than Emphasis

( ) (It is/was + Noun (Noun Phrase) + who/that )
No sooner H.V + Sub + M.V than Main Clause. Subj + Verb + Obj + Adv (Place/Time).
It is It was
Helping Verbs Verb to be am, is, are, was, were
Noun Sub (Noun) Obj (Noun)
Verb to do does, do, did
It is/was Noun
Verb to have has, have, had
Noun Subj Obj
Model Verb can, could, shall,
Subj + who/which/that + Verb + Obj + Adv.
1. As soon as she saw me, she walked away.
Obj + whom/which/that + Subj + Verb + Adv.
No sooner did she see me than she walked away.
2. The moment his head touched the pillow, he fell asleep.
1. Fabricius discovered the valves of the veins.
No sooner did his head touch the pillow than he fell asleep.
It was Fabricius who discovered the valves of the veins. (Sub)
3. Just as, I sat down to study, the lights went out.
It was the valves of the veins that Fabricius discovered. (Obj)
No sooner did I sit down to study than the light went out.
2. Annie gave Helen a key to language.
4. Soon after the three of youths left, the man of music and dancing built a fire.
It was Annie who gave Helen a key to language. (Sub)
No sooner did the three of youths leave than the man of music and dancing built
It was Helen who Annie gave a key to language. (Obj person)
a fire.
It was a key to language that Annie gave Helen. (Obj thing)
5. Shortly after I heard the news, I rushed to see him.
3. I dont like the way you speak. (Obj N-Cl)
No sooner did I hear the news than I rushed to see him.
It is the way you speak that I dont like.
6. As soon as they had done the work, they left for home.
4. The boy spent the night on the boat.
No sooner had they done the work than they left for home.
It was on the boat that the boy spent. (Place)
7. When I had had my dinner, I went out.
5. Helen Keller died in 1968.
No sooner had I had my dinner than I went out.
It was in 1968 that Helen Keller died. (Time)
8. Yesterday, as soon as the school bell rang, I hurried home to see my father.
1. All the children need love and affection.
No sooner did the school bell ring than I hurried home to see my father
It is love .
yesterday.
2. Bogyoke Aung San was born in Natmauk. It was in .
[29] [26]
3. It took Ko Zwe two hours to solve the problem. Double Negative

Ko Zwe
There is no + N (singular) + who/ that/ where + Verb (negative) +
4. It is going to take the tailor a month to make my wedding dress.
The tailor Subj + Verb + Obj + Adv (Place/Time).
5. It took us half a day to get to that village. There is no

We Noun Sub (Noun) Obj (Noun)
6. Did it take the leg-rowers five hours to cross this big lake?
Subject
Did the leg-rowers
1. Every Myanmar woman likes thanakha.
7. It will take me year (s) to pass my matriculation exam.
There is no Myanmar woman who does not like thanakha.
I will take year(s) to pass my matriculation exam.
2. All the teachers in our school are kind and patient.
Introductory It There is no teacher in our school who is not kind and patient.
It + takes + person + time + to + V1 3. All countries all over the world have their national flags.
took There is no country all over the world that does not have its national flag.
will take 4. Every duck can swim.
person + takes + time + to + V1 There is no duck that cannot swim.
took 5. All the children brought their parents to the picnic.
will take There is no child who did not bring his/her parents to the picnic.
1. Nanda took about an hour to learn a few English sentences by heart. 6. All people (All of them/us) in my town knew her.
It took Nandar about an hour to learn a few English sentences by heart. There is no one (person) who did not know her.
2. It took Columbus a long time to reach America. Object
Columbus took a long time to reach America. 7. I have studied all the units in my English text.
3. It did not take my younger brother an hour to finish his homework. There is no unit in my English text that I have not studied.
My younger brother did not take an hour to finish his homework. Place
4. Will it take you long to type this letter? 8. People eat rice all over the world.
Will you take long to type this letter? There is no place in the world where people do not eat rice.
[27] [28]

Shortcut Grammar

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Shortcut Grammar Grade 10 D Pyo Khin Education

DECEMBER 31, 2016

The teacher told . After

The doctor advised . After + V-ing After + being + V3

The man begged . S1 = S 2

I said . After + V-ing After + being + V3

3. She said, He was thinking of going abroad. S1 = S 2

She said . Verb Active Passive

4. Ill do it tomorrow. He promised.

He said . Without working hard, he wants to pass the exam.

She said . permission.

He said . They listened to the lecture without writing anything down.

I wondered . Without your mothers permission, you cant be allowed to go.

1. She shoplifted some snacks. Nobody saw her.

(Command) Although / In spite of / But / However

In spite of the danger signs, they were swimming. didnt Tenses

In spite of the difficult questions, we could answer quite well.

Conditional Type (I) Direct & Indirect Speech

12. Someone used my computer while I was away. Unless If

Unless . 10. They sent me an e-mail yesterday.

Unless . 11. How do you send the children to school?

53. He will be appointed monitor. Paired Conjunctions

No one cut the wires. 3. C. Ronaldo is a famous footballer. So is Messi.

Neither of 22. They have to sell their house.

Both . can/could/will/would can/could/will/would

as + D1 + as (It is used to say that things are equal.)

7. need to + V1 need to + be + V3 1. Hla Hla is beautiful. Chaw Chaw is equally beautiful.

8. seem to + V1 seem to + be + V3 Hla Hla is as beautiful as Chaw Chaw.

6. The hotel is like a palace. It is very grand. phrase

Active & Passive Noun Chang & Verb Change

Active Passive sub by

by + Agent Orchids dont smell as sweet as jasmines.

6. David Beckham scored the winning goal with a free kick.

1. Yangon is the largest city in Myanmar.

1. His handwriting is too small for me to read.

D3 (ever) D2 (never) Too to not enough to

1. The car is too expensive for me to buy.

5. He is such a good-natured person that everyone likes him. Parallel Structure

Relative Pronouns such that

relative pronoun Noun Two Clauses to such that

It is such a good book that I couldnt put it down.

Subject (relative pronoun Noun Subj ) So that Such that

S1 + Vbe + so adj that S2 Verb Object (relative pronoun Noun Subj

Two Clauses to so that

Adv (When ) Subj + Vbe + Obj

1. Sunday is the day. I am busy on that day. Vbe comma

Sunday is the day when (on which) I am busy. comma Noun

Adv (Place ) 2. I went to see U Khin Mg. U Khin Mg is a manager.

No sooner .. than Emphasis

3. It took Ko Zwe two hours to solve the problem. Double Negative

5. It took us half a day to get to that village. There is no

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