RADIAL FLOW PUMP

INTRODUCTION
Centrifugal pumps generate flow by using one of three actions: radial flow, mixed flow, and
axial flow. These classifications do not rate the performance quality of the pump, they are
merely groupings based upon the pumps action.

Radial flow pumps are centrifugal pumps in which the pressure is developed wholly by
centrifugal force. In mixed flow pumps, the pressure is developed partly by centrifugal force
and partly by the lift of the vanes of the impeller on the liquid. Axial flow centrifugal pumps
develop pressure by the propelling or lifting action of the vanes of the impeller on the liquid.

Capacity of a pump means the flow rate with which liquid is moved or pushed by the pump to
the desired point in the process. The flow rate Q is defined as the external volume flow per unit
of time in m3/s (l/s and m3/h are also commonly used). The capacity depends on a number of
factors like:

Process liquid characteristics i.e. density, viscosity

Size of the pump and its inlet and outlet sections
Impeller size
Impeller rotational speed RPM
Size and shape of cavities between the vanes
Pump suction and discharge temperature and pressure conditions

1.- DEFINITION
A radial flow pump is a centrifugal pump where the fluid being pumped is discharged
radially, i.e. at right angles to the pump shaft. Radial flow pumps are CPs standard and
required in most applications.

A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the
pressure and flow rate of a fluid. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the
rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outwards into a diffuser or
volute chamber, from where it exits into the downstream piping system. In contrast to axial
flow pumps, in which the fluid exits the pump axially, the flow deflections in the impellers of
radial flow pumps generate higher centrifugal forces. This results in higher heads but also
lower flow rates in radial flow pumps.

PARTS
 2.-HOW IT WORKS
Centrifugal pumps operate using kinetic energy
to move fluid utilizing an impeller and a circular
pump casing. The impeller produces liquid
velocity and the casing forces the liquid to
discharge from the pump converting velocity to
pressure. This is accomplished by offsetting the
impeller in the casing, and by maintaining a
close clearance between the impeller and the
casing at the cutwater. The fluid enters the pump near the center of the impeller and is moved
to its outside diameter by the rotating motion of the impeller.

The faster the impeller revolves or the bigger the impeller is, the higher will the velocity of the
liquid. The vanes on the impeller progressively widen from the center of the impeller that
reduces speed and increases pressure. This allows centrifugal pumps to produce continuous
flows at high pressure. By forcing the fluid through without cupping it, centrifugal pumps can
achieve a very high flow rate.

3.-APPLICATIONS (TYPE & SYSTEM)

Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping. The reverse
function of this pump is a water turbine converting potential energy of water pressure into
mechanical rotational energy.
 Energy and Oil - refineries, power plants
Building Services - pressure boosting, heating installations, fire protection sprinkler systems,
drainage, air conditioning
Industry and Water engineering - boiler feed applications, water supply (municipal, industrial),
wastewater management, irrigation, sprinkling, drainage and flood protection
The Chemical and Process Industries - paints, chemicals, hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals,
cellulose, petro-chemicals, sugar refining, food and beverage production
Secondary systems - coolant recirculation, condensate transport, cryogenics, refrigerants

4.-FAILURE
These are some difficulties faced in centrifugal pumps:

Cavitationthe net positive suction head (NPSH) of the system is too low for the selected
pump
Wear of the impellercan be worsened by suspended solids
Corrosion inside the pump caused by the fluid properties
Overheating due to low flow
Leakage along rotating shaft
Lack of primecentrifugal pumps must be filled (with the fluid to be pumped) in order to
operate
Surge

5.-MAINTENANCE
Daily inspections should be made and any irregularities in the operation of a pump should be
recorded and reported immediately. This applies to changes in sound of a running pump,
abrupt changes in bearing temperatures and seal chamber leakage.

A check of pressure gauges and of flow meters and vibration should be made regularly during
the day. If recording instruments are provided a daily check should be made to determine
whether the current capacity, pressure, power consumption or vibration level indicates that
further inspection is required. Trending charts should be produced to allow observation of
changes as a function of time. Certain trends may allow for scheduled outages to address
deterioration of specific performance values.

Centrifugal pumps must be monitored regularly, correctly and accurately according to a specific
plan which is made by a specially trained personnel. The following six parameters should be
regularly monitored to understand how a pump is performing:

1. Suction pressure (Ps)

2. Discharge pressure (Pd)
3. Flow (Q)
4. Pump speed (N)
5. Pump efficiency ()
6. Power.

The advantages regular monitoring of the pumps are

1. No dismantling of the pump is necessary.

2. Offers cost savings and energy savings by increasing the pump availability and reliability
coefficients for pumps.
3. The time to maintain the pump set maybe predicted and planned more accurately and in a
qualified manner in line with predictive and planned maintenance strategies.
4. If a flow meter is installed to measure process liquid flow, then the pump monitor is able to
verify the accuracy of the meter readings by calculating Q from the empirical formula for
power P.
In addition, it is very important to monitor some other conditions for centrifugal pump during
normal operation such as:-

1. Vibration monitoring.
2. Oil level and schedule oil Analysis
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.cp-pumps.com/

http://www.engineersedge.com/pumps/radial_flow.htm

http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/welcome-to-enggcyclopedia/miscellaneous/

http://es.slideshare.net/joa52/slideshare-bombas-centrifugas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_pump

http://nuclearpowertraining.tpub.com/h1018v1/css/h1018v1_98.htm

ESDU engineering sciences data unit.

http://nuclearpowertraining.tpub.com/h1018v1/css/h1018v1_98.htm
MARITIME GLOSARY

Volute casings: circular casings are used for low head and high capacity.

impeller (also written as impellor or impellar) is a rotor used to increase (or decrease in case
of turbines) the pressure and flow of a fluid.

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical
action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to
move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.[1]

Rotation around a fixed axis is a special case of rotational motion.

Cavitation is the formation of vapour cavities in a liquid i.e. small liquid-free zones ("bubbles"
or "voids") that are the consequence of forces acting upon the liquid

Centrifugal force is the apparent force that draws a rotating body away from the center of
rotation

Leakage, a process in which material is lost through holes or defects of their containers

Corrosion is the gradual destruction of materials (usually metals) by chemical reaction with
their environment.
COMPENSADOR DE VIBRACIONES: (MAAG)
La vibracion puede ocacionar rajaduras en las
bodegas.
Es un piston q compensa la fuerza de magnitud
contraria a la fuerza q produce el motor.