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Submitted by:
APRIL F. FENOLAN
BTTE 3-I PHYSICS
Submitted to:
MR. EDWARD ALONZO
PHYSICS FOR AUTOMOTIVE AND HVACR INSTRUCTOR
Teaching content:
Vehicle painting requires a great deal of skill as the surface produced is almost as smooth as glass and
as shiny or glossy as a mirror. For a paint job to be succesful in preparation has to be undertaken to which it is
applied. This surface is called the substrate. Vehicle painters must develop a keen eye for color and detail of
the vehicle.
Masking Tapes
Paper/cardboard
Plastic or cloth covers
Masking cream or paste
Strippable spray and mask coatings
Masking Despenser
Precautions in masking:
Masking tape should be applied only to clean, dry surfaces. Such surfaces must be free from silicone
polish, rubber lubricants, dust, rust, etc.
Unless masking a curve surfaces, tape should not be stretched.
Tape manufacturers caution against applying or removing tape at temperatures below 50F.
Do not leave taped car in the sun.
When masking lines for two colours, sight along tape for straightness.
Avoid folds or gaps in the paper.
Always rub the tape firmly after it is placed in position to ensure good adhesion.
PAINTING MATERIALS
SPRAY GUN - is a precision air tool with delicate finely machined fittings, holes and passages to transport air
and paint through the gun so that it can be propelled towards a surface in a controlled pattern producing a
smooth finish.
CONTAINER - Reservoir for the paint, which is connected to the gun by a tube; here a low-pressure
zone is created causing the liquid to be sucked in.
VENT - Opening through which the air enters the container to maintain the atmospheric pressure.
FLUID ADJUSTMENT - Screw for controlling the maximum size of a pointer, thereby determining the
amount of paint emitted by the nozzle.
SPREADER ADJUSTMENT - Movable part whose opening is controlled by a screw that controls the
volume of air pushed into the air cap, thereby defining the size and shape of the paint jet.
CLASSES OF SPRAY GUN:
EXTERNAL MIX-GUN - the air and paint are mixed outside and in front of the air cap.
This type of gun requires high air pressure, thereby using more cubic feet of air per
minute.
INTERNAL-MIX GUN - air and paint are mixed within the gun. In this type of gun,
atomization of the paint is coarse, and the spray pattern is fixed.
SUCTION-FEED GUN - the air cap is designed to draw the fluid from the
container by suction. The suction-feed spray gun is usually used with 1-quart
(or smaller) containers.
GRAVITY-FEED GUN - most gravity feed spray guns are meant for
airbrushing and other similar finishing needs for a wide variety of
products. It is often used this type of sprayer to complete large
projects.
PAINTS
2 BASIC INGREDIENTS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE PAINTS:
The Volatiles
- Is that portion of paint which evaporates.
- A.k.a Thinner
Solid Paints - Solid car paint colors are those which do not contain a pearl or metallic sparkling agent.
Metallic Paints - Metallic paints are effectively the same as solid paints, only with a small quantity of
powdered metal added.
Acrylic paints - Acrylic paints are water-based, which makes water their primary agent.
Urethane paints - These paints are the standard for
automotive paint in the industry. These paints are extremely
long-lasting. They can easily outlast most acrylic paints.
SANDING
It is the act or process of smoothing or polishing a surface with
sandpaper or sand. It is an important part in the preparation of a
surface for painting.
CHOOSING THE AUTO PAINT - Before mixing any auto paint it is important that you choose a paint
thats suitable for your car. Each type of paint has its ownmixing procedure.
MIXING RATIO
A. Mixing synthetic enamels: This type of auto paint is both pre-thinned and ready for spraying, or
you will need to add a reducer to thin it out. A thinner should be used based on the type of
spray gun you will be using.
B. Mixing acrylic enamels: If you will be using acrylic enamels, you will need a paint reducer and a
small amount of hardener to mix the paint. Each type of enamel auto paint has a different
mixing ratio.
GUN STROKE:
Move the gun in even straight strokes horizontally
accross the panel.
Progress down or up the panel orderly and evenly
w/ each horizontal stroke overlapping.
Overlapping is vitally important for smooth even
coat.
GUN SPEED
Match spray gun with the gun stroke and gun
distance to achieve a smooth level coat.
Gun speed must be even and the resultant spray pattern produced watched carefully to ensure a level
surface.
TILTING THE GUN - Excessive overspray, dry, pebbly finish, rugs, uneven gloss and spray line across the panel
are major problems caused by not maintaining the vertical axis of the spray gun parallel to the spraying
surface.
FAULTY GUN TRIGGERING - By not releasing trigger pressure on the completion of the gun stroke while
changing position for the next stroke will result to uneven film build on the outer edges of the panel.
THE GUN IS TOO CLOSE/ FAR - If the gun is too close or too far to the work will result to runs and sags,
uneven gloss and excessive overspray.
ARCING THE GUN - Arcing the gun is a spray fault caused by not correctly coordinaring the arm and wrist
action and in maintaining the distance of the gun to the vehicle. Effects of this are overspray on adjoining
panels, dry pebbly spray on the outer edges and runs or sags in the center of the spraying stroke.
INCORRECT SPRAY GUN SPEED - Caused by poor judgement of spray gun speed produced by movement of
the arm controlling the gun action. Slow speed results runs and sags while fast speed result dry pebbly finish
and poor gloss.
INCORRECT SPRAY OVERLAPPING - When moving from one stroke to the next, the previous stroke should be
overlapped by up to one and half of the spray fan width. This allows for the dry outer edges of the spray
pattern to be recoated and wet up.
CLEAR COAT
Clear coat car paint is paint or resin with no pigments and hence imparts no color to the car. Its simply a layer
of clear resin that is applied over colored resin.
Precautions:
NEVER paint in direct sunlight.
Try to create straight, even strokes with a 50% overlap upon one another.
Be sure to wait 10 minutes between each application of clear coat.
It is strongly recommended that you wait 30 days before waxing, buffing or taking the treated car
through a carwash. If you live in a cold climate, wait at least 45 days.
Be sure to never store the cans in an area where they can possibly freeze. This will permanently ruin
the paint inside.
WAX POLISHING:
To protect the finish and repel dust it is advisable to hand polish the
paint. Polishing should be done:
In small areas
Wiping off when dry with a very soft cloth
Using a soft damp rag for application
PHYSICS CONCEPTS:
DISPLACEMENT - is a vector quantity that refers to "how far out of place an object is"; it is the object's overall
change in position.
*In painting the vehicle, the painter must observe the proper distance to the car to have a smooth and right
texture of the paint.
*There will be a changed in spray pattern (starts wide but ends narrow or vice versa) if you are in a wrong
distance.
*In de-rusting solution(removing paint), Electric charges is connected to the material that is being
dipped/sprayed and pulls rust away from the metal.
*Electrostatic spray gun uses electrical charges and electric fields to attract particles of atomized coating
material to the surface of the car.
*During car production, the unpainted car body and the paint are given opposite electric charges.
FRICTION - the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
*In removing and making the body of the car smooth, they uses different kinds of grit paper by scratching the
body of the car.
*Sanding operation
*In triggering a spray gun means how you momentarily release the trigger when the spray gun has passed the
end of the part and is moving to the position for the next spray pass.
PRESSURE - the continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it.
*The speed of the spray gun should travel consistently to avoid different patterns and to get the perfect
coating.
*The air temperature, product temperature, the surface temperature; the air and surface temperature in
drying the paint is need to be observe in painting a vehicle.
REFLECTION is the turning back of the wave or light to the original direction it is travelling after hitting an
object.
*Silver metallic flakes in car paint reflects light causes the car to shine or glossy.
*The car should be kept away from radiation especially if the paint of the car is not yet dry.
FORMS OF ENERGY:
Potential Energy
Mechanical Energy
Electric Energy
Heat Energy
ASSIGNMENTS:
(Additional) The 3 major parts of Sandblaster is the an air compressor or pressurized air tank, a hand-held
pressure gun with air hose and a hopper on top of the gun. The hose connects to the air tank, and the hopper
is filled with silica sand. When the trigger of the gun is depressed two things happen. First, compressed air
fires through the gun as long as the trigger is held down. Second, an opening at the top of the gun into which
the hopper is connected opens. The air flowing through the gun and the force of gravity pulls the sand down
through the gun and out the barrel.
You have to choose what kind of grit paper or strip that you will use in removing paint using disk grinder:
Using 80 grit sand paper was able to take off all the topcoat, and other layers to expose the base metal.
Flap Discs is basically a flat disc with little pieces of sand paper glued to it in an overlapping pattern.
They do work great though for grinding and smoothing welds and surface rust.
320 grit hook and loop disc is less aggressive and more suited to taking off the clear coat and prepping
a recent car with just 1 coat of paint on it.
Old finish can be removed with No. 16 open-coat disk.
Exposed metal should be finished with a No. 220 grit paper.
*As the sander rotates, theres a torque in the grit or sand paper due to the force coming from the electricity.
ELECTRIC MOTOR - involve rotating coils of wire which are driven by the magnetic force exerted by a magnetic
field on an electric current. They transform electrical energy into mechanical energy.
The difference of the suction, gravity and pressure feed gun is how the paint flows inside the gun. In
suction feed gun, the paint is being atomized and the air pressure from the gun sucks the paint up through the
tube and pushes it out the front of the gun. It is not adviceable to use this gun when spraying heavy paints,
since it will not pull heavy materials up to the nozzle. In Gravity feed gun, no atomization is requires since the
gravity itself will help the paint to flow inside the gun. And Last, in pressure feed gun, the air pressure will help
the gun to flow since the container of the paint is separated from the gun. The paint from the separated
container will flow by means of hoses.
PHYSICS IN PAINTS:
VISCOSITY - Viscosity is defined as the resistance of a fluid to deformation under shear stress. It is generally
considered as flow behavior or resistance to pouring.
*Viscosity is described as the internal resistance of a fluid to flow and may be considered as a measure of fluid
friction. Viscosity is an important parameter in the paint industry processing stage.