THERAPEUTIC REFORMATION SPACE FOR JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

CHAPTER II

INTRODUCTION

The statistic and information of what kinds of crime that the young offender commits are essential in the progress of the study.
Files and background of the youthful offender involved in crimes are scanned and studies to determine the history of their cases which
is important in its solution. Juvenile offender rate or type of offences and its percentage are also search along with the factors that are
considered to be an influence to provoke those delinquent minors to commit such crimes. Juvenile delinquent behaviors in certain
space are carefully observed and analyzed to determine the factors to be considered in planning a space for them. These data and other
related topics were carefully analyzed for the development of the study.

A. STATISTICAL DATA OVERVIEW OF JUVENILE CENTER IN THE PHILIPPINES

A juvenile detention center care are responsible for maintaining the safety of the community as well as providing essential care
and service to the youth being detained within each facility. The primary goal of each is to protect our society.

The juvenile delinquent justice system in the Philippines characterized by very poor and inadequate facilities, inhumane
conditions, inefficient handling and resolution of cases, among others has often failed for adult offenders and more so for children
who have come into conflict with the law (CICL). These children, who are likely to have experienced abuse and neglect in their own

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homes and in their immediate environments, are now forced into harsh and dehumanizing situations within the adult criminal justice
system that expose them to further abuse and tarnish any hope for them to be reintegrated into their families and communities and
become responsible and productive citizens.

B.TABLES AND GRAPH

Statistics shown on the preceding pages are graph from surveys of different agencies involve in juvenile delinquency here in the
Philippines. These agencies are the PAYO, PREDA and NAPOLCOM.

FIGURE 1: POPULATION OF JUVENILE DELINQUENT

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Figure 1 shows the population of the juvenile delinquents in Metro manila since 2007-2010, the data presented shows the
number of young offender per different agencies and based on the data obtain the population of the male is the highest rate compare to
female and transgender.

FIGURE 2: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF JUVENILE DELINQUENT

Figure 2 shows the educational attainment of the juvenile delinquents in Metro manila since 2007-2010, the data presented that
the lack educational attainment is one of the factor why the youth become delinquents.

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FIGURE 3: AGES OF THE JUVENILE DELIQUETS

Figure 3 shows the ages of juvenile delinquents, the graph shows that the highest rates of offender are at the age of 15 and 17
years old. Its also show that the offenders are minor and grow the younger rates.

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OFFENCES 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 TOTAL

Rape 194 201 208 232 96 937

Attempted rape 14 27 11 23 6 81

Act of lasciviousness 45 18 20 36 16 135

Physical injuries 122 106 124 279 114 745

Murder 22 38 34 29 18 141

Attempted murder 6 18 8 15 2 49

Theft 846 914 1079 1085 342 4293

Robbery 136 96 141 193 111 677

Ra 6425 36 46 69 69 17 237

Pd 1619 216 67 76 90 5 454

Seduction 1 0 4 4 9 18

Grave threats 6 5 10 21 9 51

Abduction 6 3 5 2 0 16

Homicide 17 26 22 30 5 100

Malicious mischief 17 14 6 43 12 92

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Estata 4 5 2 6 1 18

Vagrancy 21 9 10 11 5 56

Pd 1866 23 15 20 24 10 92

Pd 1602 15 11 13 13 10 53

Others 205 175 296 525 0 1400

TOTAL 1953 1825 2158 2736 973 9645

Source: Summary of Philippine National Police

FIGURE 4: INVENTORY OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY OFFENCES COMMITED

DATA GATHERING

Observation on different areas of activities.

LOCATION RECURRING BEHAVIOR ACCEPTED SOCIAL RULES

Lobby Serves as resting area for people inquiring Serves as an area for receiving guest and
waiting area

Lounge A place for eating and area for conversation Relaxation area, taking breaks

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Office Serves as formal area Area for work and legal transaction

Cr Private area Due to call of nature

Visiting area Place in mingling visitation Used as waiting area

Living unit Area for conversation Area for sleeping and resting

MESS hall Group conversation Area for eating

Outside grounds Area conversation, games Resting place and playground

Class rooms Studying area Area for learning interaction between

other delinquents and staff/instructor

Recreational space Disposal of different activities For outdoor activities

CAUSE OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

There is no single cause or simple explanation for the development of delinquency behavior but there is different cause of
delinquency. The different causes are being followed.

1. Family aspect of delinquency: Under family influence, the study could be made under the following subheads:

Broken family: There are many reason of broken home. It may be due to divorce, death of one parent, separation
imprisonment of either father or mother.
Immoral home: The children of home where there is sexual relation or drinking is not considered bad or beating
children etc, is a common feature and there is no good treatment with children also, become easily the prey of crime.

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Parental rejection of the children: If a child does not get love and affection of parents, or is not taken care of properly ,
or where there is lack of vigilance over the child, that child easily adopts the criminal activities to produce hi mental
tension.
Over busy parents: If the parents are over busy, they are not able to look after the child properly with the result that the
children as they wish and become s delinquent.
Economic condition of the family: There is more incidence in the children of too reach people. Sometimes on the other
hand, the children of too reach people also become criminal because they get more money than required.

2. Physical and Biological factor: Due to infirmity and poverty people do not get the respect in society with the result that they
become criminals. In order to compensate that handicap ness they indulge in criminal activities. There are many reasons for juvenile
delinquency of girls. They suffer from sexual desire from childhood, they become overdeveloped in body, and they indulge in sexual
offences. They try to compensate that infirmity by doing anti-social activities.

3. Psychological factor: Along with physical factors, psychological factors are also important in juveniles delinquency. Many crimes
are committed due to mental deficiency. In prostitution many girls of lower mentally developed are found.

C. RESEARCH TOPIC

ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Environmental psychology is the study of transactions between individuals and their physical settings. In these transactions,
individuals change their environments, and their behavior and experiences are changed by their environments. It includes theory,
research, and practice aimed at making the built environment more humane and improving human relations with the natural
environment. Considering the enormous investment society makes in the physical environment including buildings, parks, streets, the
atmosphere, and water) and the huge cost of misusing nature and natural resources, environmental psychology is a key component of
both human and environmental welfare.
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Managing Social Space

People use the physical space among them according to complex rules and strong preferences. Although these rules and
preferences are not always conscious, their importance suddenly becomes clear when they are compromised. Personal space,
territoriality, and crowding are the main dimensions of social space.

Personal space

Personal space is the dynamic distance and orientation component of interpersonal relations.

Territoriality

Territoriality in humans is a pattern of behavior and experience related to the control, usually by nonviolent means
such as occupation, law, custom, and personalization, of physical space, objects, and ideas. Seven forms of territory
(primary, secondary, public, objects, ideas, interactional, and body) have been distinguished defense strategies
(prevention, reaction, and social boundaries) are employed in response to infringements (invasion, violation, and
contamination). Males are often more territorial than females. A careful arrangement of dwelling exteriors and street plans
enhances residents territoriality and reduces crime.

THERAPEUTIC/HEALING ENVIRONMENT

There are two main types of healing/therapeutic spaces:

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PASSIVE SPACE where someone may just sit and observe, reflect and allow the senses to be engaged.

ACTIVE SPACE - a space that has been designed to be interactive and actively experiential - the concept of participating
rather than just observing, engaging one's senses and body.

Therapeutic recreation

Therapeutic recreation uses treatment, education and recreation services to help people with illnesses, and other conditions to
develop and use their leisure in ways that enhance their health, functional abilities, independence and quality of life Plato wrote that
we should strive for a combination of a perfect mind and a perfect body. The word therapeutic means that the goals of physical
exercise and having fun are secondary to the therapeutic goals of teaching new skills, raising self-esteem, and establishing the
relationship. Therapeutic recreation is recreation that has a teaching or helping component.
Therapeutic recreation is the provision of treatment services and the provision of recreation services to persons with illnesses
or disabling conditions. The primary purposes of treatment services, which are often referred to as recreational therapy, are to restore,
remediate or rehabilitate in order to improve functioning and independence as well as reduce or eliminate the primary purposes of
recreational services are to provide recreation resources and opportunities in order to improve health and well-being. Therapeutic
recreation is provided by professionals who are trained and certified, registered and/or licensed to provide therapeutic recreation

UNDERSTANDING THERAPEUTIC RECREATION

Most juvenile delinquents are risk takers; they generally are not involved in sports or athletic programs for a variety of reasons.
Because most detention facilities have a gym and because most juvenile offenders have had experience playing basketball, basketball
frequently becomes the predominant form of recreation. In addition to excluding female detainees, basketball becomes a convenient
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recreation strategy that allows staff to provide recreation with minimum involvement and planning. The primary goal is maximum
involvement by youth in a therapeutic recreation program; youth must be encouraged to participate.

Noncompetitive Activities

A very effective way to increase participation is through the use of noncompetitive games. These activities are highly inclusive and
nonthreatening. They provide staff with numerous opportunities for encouragement and praise. As youth become more trusting and
confident, they are more likely to cooperate with others, trust the guidance and direction of staff, and engage in more vigorous
physical activities. If approached sequentially, noncompetitive games can be a way to lead youth into more demanding recreational
activities, such as physical fitness and aerobics.

No matter what level of success youth hope to achieve, the chances of success are improved with a positive mental image for
youth. It is important to the youth to believe in their self if they are to succeed. In many cases, health and physical condition are part of
your overall wellness and success.

Physical Fitness

Proper exercise is a planned supervised program designed to maintain body measurements at normal symmetrical proportions and
to tone muscles for normal and optimum efficiency.

Proper daily exercise is important because, in addition to contributing to better health and a longer lifespan, it can greatly improve
the quality of life. Exercise has been proven to alleviate depression and decrease anxiety.

Initiate and develop a therapeutic recreation program to fit the needs of the juvenile delinquents. A physical fitness program should
be approached sequentially. Youth should have an opportunity to work up to vigorous and strenuous exercise routines.

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Also, staff should advise youth about the advantages of maintaining a healthy diet versus eating junk food. A walking and jogging
program is recommended. However, youth should never be forced to participate in this exercise program. They should be greatly
encouraged. The effort is most important. The pat on the back is always needed, especially for youth with poor self-images. Most
youth respond in a positive way, and their behaviors greatly improve in other parts of the program.

Sports, sports, and more sports are offered all youth in a therapeutic recreation programwhich means variety. By offering as
many sports as possible, there is a greater chance that each resident will find one suited for his or her abilities.

Leisure Time

Leisure time is important in all programs. However, how and when you use leisure time is equally important. Many facilities run a
very structured program and allow very little free time for residents. Youth in detention are very high-risk youth, and they need
structure. Most detention programs subject youth to numerous hours of television or cards because of insufficient staff, overcrowding,
or a belief that programs are rewards for delinquent behavior. This approach does not qualify as constructive leisure time activity.

Staff plays important roles with detained youth. Interaction should be constant. It may take place in the gymnasium or game room,
or it may involve a simple talk about the youths day. Regardless, activities promote strong resident and staff interaction.

Activity has never seemed more important. With obesity a national healthcare crisis, it's obvious that both children and adults
aren't utilizing the great outdoors or recreational opportunities. Once upon a time, everyone went outside to "play"build forts and
imagine the characters in them, ride bicycles, draw stick figures on the cement in chalk, enjoy a game of baseball or kickball, run
around playing tagand it was considered critical to growing up to do so. That much hasn't changed, and the importance of recreation
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to development has gained increasing recognition, particularly in the area of therapeutic recreation, which uses recreation to produce
positive benefits for people with disabling conditions.

PROGRAMMING WITH PURPOSE

Specific programming includes programs designed only for youth. Some examples are adaptive swimming, bowling,
basketball or tennis, social functions such as dances, or outings to shows or athletic events.
The key to therapeutic outcomes in recreation is to build upon people's interests, strengths and preferences. When people have the
option to choose their own recreational activities, they are naturally motivated to work on therapeutic goals and outcomes
"Encourage all providers of park, recreation, and leisure services to provide opportunities in settings where people of all abilities can
recreate and interact together"
RIGHT TO LEISURE
The pursuit of leisure is a condition necessary for human dignity and well-being.
Leisure is a part of a healthy lifestyle and a productive life.
Every individual is entitled to the opportunity to express unique interests and pursue, develop and improve talents and abilities.
People are entitled to opportunities and services in the most inclusive setting.
The right to choose from the full array of recreation opportunities offered in diverse settings and environments and requiring
different levels of competency should be provided.
QUALITY OF LIFE
People grow and develop throughout the lifespan.
Through leisure an individual gains an enhanced sense of competence and self-direction.
A healthy leisure lifestyle can prevent illness and promote wellness.
A social connection with one's peers plays a major role in his/her life satisfaction.
The opportunity to choose is an important component in one's quality of life; individual choices will be respected.

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SUPPORT, ASSISTANCE AND ACCOMMODATIONS

Inclusion is most effective when support, assistance and accommodations are provided.
Support, assistance and accommodations can and should be responsive to people's needs and preferences.
Support, assistance and accommodations should create a safe and fun environment, remove real and artificial barriers to
participation, and maximize not only the independence but also the interdependence of the individual. People want to be self-
sufficient.
Support, assistance and accommodations may often vary and are typically individualized. Types of support, assistance and
accommodations include, but are not limited to: qualified staff, adaptive equipment, alternative formats for printed or audio
materials, trained volunteers, or flexibility in policies and program rules.

BARRIER REMOVAL
Environments should be designed to encourage social interaction, "risk-taking," fun, choices and acceptance that allow for
personal accomplishment in a cooperative context.
Attitudinal barriers in all existing and future recreation services should be removed or minimized through education and
training of personnel (staff, volunteers, students, and/or community at-large).

CORE VALUES
We value the belief that everyone is to be treated with dignity and respect.
We value the belief that each person has innate worth, dignity and the capacity for positive change.
We value services that are ethical, effective and culturally competent.
We value and promote a positive image of the department, the employees and our role within the community.
We value an environment that promotes initiative, productivity, teamwork and professional growth.
We value an atmosphere which stresses tolerance and is free of discrimination.
We value developing collaborative efforts with judicial, legislative and community partners.

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D. SUMMARY
The most important part of this study other than the problem, gathering of data that can be help to the establish a good and
effective juvenile center and it should be flexible to the future growth of juvenile in this chapter it includes the population, their ages
and school attainment that case of determination which need to focus more programming and creating services for the juvenile
delinquent. Generally the child in conflict with the law in the Philippines is growing up because of not reforming correctly.

Since the built environment of young offender in the detention center need an attention. The application of the therapeutic
environment is essential in planning certain space that helps to promote an effective center and to come up with a better solution. A
good juvenile facilities design derives largely from understanding of the need of those who will use it such as the young people who
reside there and the agencies responsible for the youth custody.

It may also be the chance to redirect youthful behavior before a life of serious crime. To this end, it is essential that therapeutic
recreation, therapeutic environment and space planning combine to create a residential environment that encourage positive resident
that response and cooperation-a willingness to take advantage of opportunities given by the center.

D. APPLICATION

The principle and the concept deals on a maximum consideration on how to create a therapeutic recreational environment that
connect to nature and understanding the possible impact to the environment, the people using the design around the community. In

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consideration of the principles the study may analyzed and find accurate and positive recommendation fits the landscape architectural
needs for the juvenile delinquency most especially the youth.

MOLLY GRACE V. PAGUIA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH METHODS