UVU - NURS 2430 - Unit I - Ch.

4: Psychobiological Bases of
Behavior
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1. Ataxia Awkward posture and gait. Cerebeller 8. Nystagmus

dysfunction.
2. Asthensia Muscles tire easily. Cerebeller
dysfunction.
Involuntary rapid eye movement. Basal
3. Adiadochokinesia Inability to perform fin, rapidly repeated, ganglia dysfunction.
coordinated movements. Cerebeller
dysfunction. 9. Neuron

4. Parkinson's Rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor,

disease mask-like face, shuffling gait. Basal
ganglia dysfunction.
5. Chorea

The basic subunit of the nervous system.

10. Neuroplasticity Refers to the ability of the brain to change
neural pathways and synaptic connections
based on changes in behavior, environment,
neural processes, thinking, and emotions.
11. Homunculus

Sudden, jerky, and purposeless

movements (e.g. Huntington's disease,
Sydenham's disease). Basal ganglia
dysfunction.
6. Athetosis

Each human brain has two homunculi: the

sensory homunculus that feels and
processes sensations, and the motor
homunculus that controls physical
movement.
12. Movement Characterized by involuntary unexpected
Disorders of movements. Examples include Parkinson's
the Basal disease, Huntington's chorea, and
Ganglia nystagmus.
13. Movement Characterized by awkward voluntary
Disorders of movements. Examples include ataxia,
Slow, writhing, snakelike movement, the Cerebrum asthensia, and adiadochokinesia.
especially of the fingers and wrist. Basal
ganglia dysfunction.
7. Hemiballismus A sudden, wild flailing of one arm. Basal
ganglia dysfunction.
14. Lobes of 18. Temporal
the Brain Lobes

Frontal Lobe, Insular Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Parietal

Lobe, and Temporal Lobe
Associated with perception and recognition of
15. Frontal
auditory stimuli, memory, and speech.
Lobes
19. Insular
Lobes

Associated with higher level cognition, expressive

language, reasoning, planning, fine motor skills,
emotions, and problem solving.
Associated with consciousness, emotions,
16. Parietal
physical homeostasis, perception, motor control,
Lobes
self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and
interpersonal experience.
20. Limbic
System

Associated with movement, orientation,

recognition, and perception of stimuli.
17. Occipital
Lobes

Complex system in the brain involving instinct,

mood, emotions, and drives -
fight/flight/feed/f**k.
Prominent components: Hypothalamus,
Amygdala, Thalamus, Hippocampus.

Associated with visual processing.

21. Hypothalamus 24. Hippocampus

Section of the brain responsible for
hormone production influencing body
temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, circadian
rhythm, moods, sex drive, and the release of
other hormones in the body.
25.
22. Amygdala
Elongated ridges on the floor of the lateral
ventricle of the brain. They are theorized to
be the center of emotion, memory, and the
autonomic nervous system.
CNS

Small almond-shape set of neurons located

deep in the brain's medial temporal lobe.
Primary responsibility is in assessing threats. Central Nervous System. Composed of the
23. Thalamus brain and spinal cord.
26. PNS

Structure in the middle of the brain. It

correlates several important processes, Peripheral Nervous System. Composed of
including consciousness, sleep, and sensory sensory (or afferent) nerves and motor (or
interpretation. efferent) nerves.
27. S/S of Frontal Abrupt changes in personality, disinhibited
Lobe Injury behavior, loss of memory, impulsivity,
inattention
28. S/S of Visual and auditory aphasias
Temporal
Lobe Injury
29. Broca's Area 38. Seretonin Involved in mood, social behavior, appetite &
digestion, sleep, memory, and sexual desire.
Monoamine
Decreased levels in depression and anxiety.
39. GABA Most common inhibitory transmitter in the brain.
Amino acid
Decreased levels in anxiety.
40. Glutamate Most common excitatory transmitter in the brain.
Amino acid
Located in the posterior left prefrontal
lobe, associated with expressive or motor
language (talking).
30. Wernicke's Area

Located in the posterior left temporal

lobe, associated with receptive or sensory
language (listening and understanding).
31. S/S of Occipital Loss of vision
Lobe Injury
32. S/S of Left Problems in mathematics, long reading,
Parietal Lobe writing, and understanding symbols
Injury
33. S/S of Right Loss of imagery, visualization of spatial
Parietal Lobe relationships
Injury
34. Basal Ganglia Comprised of three major nuclei: the
caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the
globus pallidus. Structure is involved in
motor function.
35. Acetylcholine Involved in neuromodulation and activates
muscles.
Cholinergic
Decrease levels in Alzheimer's disease and
dementia.
36. Dopamine Involved in reward-motivated behavior,
motivation, attention/concentration, and
energy levels.
Monoamine
Increased levels in Schizophrenia.
37. Norepinephrine Involved in cognitive alertness, cardiac
functioning, stress management, and
mood.
Monoamine
Decreased levels in depression and
anxiety.