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 TECHMCAL SPECIFICATION S

CONTEI:IIS

PA-RT l. E.TETH lYORKS.... .................. TS.1

1.1 TOP SOIL STRIPPINGAN]] GRUBBING.....,......... ..... TS.1

1.2 EXCAYATION......,..... ......,,..,...... TS-3

1.3 EUBAh:!L1,I5NT.......... ................. TS-4

1.4 SUBGRADE PREPARAII'ION,..... mda

................. 1.>-/

1.5 SOILREPL4.CEI,{ENT....... ........ TS-8

r.6 sLoPE TRII,fl\{ING............,.. ... TS-e

1,1 TURFII\G TS.1O

PART' 2. SUBSTRUCTURE OF 8RIDGE................ .....,............TS-11

2.1 STRUCTUP*\L EXC.\\^TION ANN BACKT]LL ..,.....TS-1r

2.2 FOTINDATiON FII,L TS-13

2,3 CONCRETtr \{,ORKS TS.13

2..{ FOIT},11YORI{S FOR SUBSTIIUCTURE ... TS.23

2.5 REI};FONCI}{G BAR FOR SL;]]STRTiCTURE ............,.. TS.2?

?.6 STEELTUBE PILE FOUNDATIO}i....,.................,.:..... TS'30

PA]iT 3. SI.IPERSTRUCTURE OF 8RIDG8............,.. TS"33

3.1 !}\BRICATION OF STRUCTLIRA_LSTEEL TS.34

3.T ERECT]ON OF L}IRDERS .,........... TS.37

3.3 DECI{ SIAB \YORI{S..,. TS.39

3.4 BRlDCitr RAII,ING. TS.42
3,5 ASPHAUI PA\'U},IENT FOR SUPEBSTRLTCTURE ,, TS",13

PA]iT 4 APPROACH ROAD TS.44

.i.1 ,SLTB.BASE CCLIRSE TS-4,1

,I.2 BASE T]OURSE ... TS.,1i-

4.3 PENETRATiO}i },L{CADA}I PAIGIIENT TS.49

4.4 PRI*'.|E COATAND TACKCOAT T.a

1x-0. -^

.1.D AGCIREII:\TE SURE-\CE COURStr TS'54

PART 5. RII,I]iRBANKA};D RIIIERBED PROTECTION........... TS-57

5.1 STONIi I,LA.SONRY WORi( ..." TS"$?

5.2 GROUTED RIPAAF TS'5e

PART 6. Il;CiDtrNTAL \trrORKS .....,.. T5-62

6.1 GU1DE FOST......., .. T5-62

6.2 DH,AINAGE WORKS TS-6s
PAllT 7. TtrX{POEARYIryORKS ........ TS-70

?.1 PL{I\T }'ARD CONSTRUCTION TS.7O

7.2 ESTABLiSHI,iENT TS-TI

1..1 i\,IOBII,IZA1'lOllAliD DEnIOBILIZATION TS-?3
 TE CHNICAL SPE CIFI CATTONS

PART 1. EARTH WORKS

Earih \\'orks shail consist of Top Soil Stripping and Grubbing, Excavation. Embankn:ent,
Subgrade Preparation, Slope Trimming and Turhng in accordance rvith the requircments of
the Contract.

1.1 TOP SOIL STRTPPING A}iI} GRLTBBING

1.1.1 Top Soil Stripping

{1) Description
This r,ork shall consisl of stripping, excavation, loading, hauling ard disposal
of topsoil of the glound surfacc rvithin the lirnits of the uork neeessary fcr the
construction of the roadrvay and riverbank proteclion in accordance q,ith the
requiren:ett of the Contraet. Thc topsoil to be stripped shall be unsuitable soil
for road foundation.

(2) Constr*ction L'le.thod

Prior to stal1ing the nork, iury standing lvater shall br. drain+d. During
construction, the Cr:ntractor sirall rnaintain the work area in suclt rvay that ihey
rvi11 be fi'ee draining and that no rvater rr'iil be pooled in these areas by means of
temporary drainage lacilities such as ditches and basins.
\&hen sholr,n al the plzurs or approved by the Consultant, top sail r+'hich is
deerned by the Consultant to be suitable and fenile for agricuhural purposes
shall bs car*fully reinoved to the specified depth and used on the slopes r,r,hich
require planted slope protection, or stockpiled in zu'eas designated on the plans
or as apFroved by the Consultant. Excavation of fenile topsoil shall be carefull,v
done so as 1o exclude undesirable niareriais, and ii shali be reaso:ral:11' fi'ee from
rrrots, refus*, rveeds, stumps, stor:es and other unsuitable debris rihich lvould be

detrimental to the proprr developmelt of veg*tative grori.th,

Topsall shall be placed and compacted to preverlt erosion.

TS.1
1.1.2 Grubbing

(1i Descriptioa
of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing of all
T1:is lvorlc shall consist
vegetation, debris and designated large trecs rvhich are obstacles to the r.vorir
inside the lirnits of right of r.va,r,, except sucl: i:bjects as are designated io remain
or are to be removed in accordance rvith other sections of thsse specihcations,
This u,ork shall also include the preseruation from injur-r' or dethcement of tire
vestiges, culnrral asssts, and all vegetation and objecis designated to remain.

(?) Constructii:n L,lethod

All surface objects and all trees, stumps, roots and other protruding obslructions,
not designated to ren:ain, shall be cleared an#or grubbed, including norving, as
required. excepl undistru'bed stumps and roois and non-perishable solid objects
,.r,hicir q'ill be a minimum of 1 n L'ielorv sub-grade or slope of embankrnents.
\Vhe* iiuth.r;rized, the Contractor may learre s&imps aad :ror"r-perishal-'le solid
obj*cts provide.d tlrey do nat extend r:rore than 5 cm above the grormd line or
lon, r.vater leve1.
Exccpt in areas to be excavaied, stump holes and othel holes lrom x,hich
obsiruciions ilre removed, shall be backfilled r,vith suitable materiai and
conrp;ictt-d
If perishable materiai is bumed, it shall be burned u::der the consiant care ol
competent rvatchmen at suc.h times and in such rnamer t}:.at the sr:rouuding
\iegetatiot,r. other adacent propertl., or anfi.i:ing designaied to ren:ain or ihe
right of rva,"-* shall not be jeopardized, Dispcsai rnethods or burning, if per:nitied,
sha11 be done in accordance rvith applicable larvs, ordinances, and regulations.
}.'taterials and debris, rvhich cannot Lre bu:red and perishable materials, rnay be
disposed of b.v methods anil at locations approved by the Consultant. ou or off
thc prlject. If disposal is by L''urying, tl:e cover nraterial shall prr:vide a cover of
at least 30 cn: and shali be graded and shapred to present a pleasing appeatanr:e.
If the disposallocation is ofl the project site, the Cottractor shall miLlie all
necessar-Y arangenlclrts $'ith Fl'opefty owrlsrs iil trting for obtaining sr-ritable
disposal Iocertio:rs.

TS-2
1.2 EXCAVATION

1.2.1 Description

1-his t'or* ,shall corsist of

excavatilg, loadir:g the materjal from roadrvay
excavation areas and hauling and placing ol this material it the embankment,
sub-grade sectious in the roadwav or disposiag in the designated location iu
accordance rvith the lequirernent of the Contract= ald as directed b,v the
Consultant.

1.2.2 Constructionllethod

Prior to starting roadu'ay excavation. ury standing rvat*r sha}l be drained from cut
excavation areas. During conshuction, the Contractor shall maintain lhe areas in
such rva,v that they t'ill be fi'ee draining and that no water q,ill be p*oled in these
areas by means of tempcrarv drainage facilities such as ditches ald basins.
Roadu'a-v excavation shall be careftiily and correctly done as shonin on the plans
aud drarvir:rgs. Cut stufases shall be :mooth. and to thc lines and gtades shou,n on
the plans and drarvings. and as directed by the Consultant.
\Yhet materials *eeting thc requireuents for up.,per aad lolr'cr sub-grarle are
encouiltel'ed in excavation areas, these materials shaIl be carelirlll'cxcavated aud
s*partiteiy siockpiled in dcsignated storage areas ot direcily hauled to the seciion
r.vhere they are used as appraved by tlie Consultant.
gu1 5l6pes shall be frnished tr: the correct lines, gracles and cross sections. AII
loose or shattered materials shall be rernoved Ii'o* the surface of cut slopes.
\\'hen the excavation approaches the plar:ned glade, the Contractor shall obtain
the approval of the Consr.ritant as to the necessily of over-excavation ard removal
of u*.derlying ground belorv the planned grade. Excavation sha1l be ccrntinued as
approved by the Consultant r.r,hen 'Jeemed 11ecessa1)'.
\[&ere excat'aiiott to the flnished graded section results in a sub-grade or slopes cf
unsuitable soil. the Consultant may require the Ccntractor to remove tlle
unsuitable materials and backfill tc tlie iinish*d graded section rrith appr':r'ed.
selected narerial. ^\11 unsuitable materiai shaLl be ilisposed of in a place and
ma:rner approvrd li,v the Consr-rltant.

TS.3
I.3 EMBA}f:{iUENT

1.3.1 Descripticn

Embankmelt shal1 consist of firnishing al1 labor and equipment Geeessaly for. the
conslruction of roaclwa,v embankment and slope shou.n on ihe drarvings or in the
specifications. ErnbanJanent sha1l be constructed rvith materials obtained fi'om the
roadrvay excavation, botrolv excavalion or structura excavation as specified in this
ssction of the specifications. This work shal1 iaclude dumping, spreading. wetting
or dr1"ing, compacting, shaping and t'inishing previously excavatecl materials, and
incidental items of llork in accordanc,e with the requirement olthe Contract, and
as directed by the Consultant.

1.3.2 Construction tr'fethod

\&'hen t}:e enbankment is to be placecl on ground having a slope gleater than one
verlical to lbul horizontal, the surface of the ground shail be stepped as directed
by the Consultant.
In trausverse sections r,r,hich are parl in fill and part in cut, the cut seclion shall be
sioped at abor"rt 4:1 1o meet the batlon: of lorver sub-grade in ti:e ernbanl,ment
sectlon, backfilled rvith same material as.is used in the adjacent sub-gla,1e and
compaeted urilormly to the required densitv.
In longitudinal transition sections, flre end of the section shall be undercut to the
b,:ttotn of lolver sub-gracle in the embanl*::ent scction, bachfillecl rvitir the sar:re
nlateriai as is used in the adjacer:t sub-grade and compacted unifon'nl,v to the
required density,
f}:e undereut section shall slope uniforarl.v back into the cul sectio:r as sllor.r'l on
the plans and drauings, specif,rcations, and as direcred by the Consultant.
During lhe course of embankment construction, the Cor:trac.tor shall at all liraes
provicle positive adequate drainage so thal surface water is not at an,v time pooled
on tlie iurv pottioti of the embzudanent surface, During emban-kment ccnstruction.
a ininin:uu transrietse slope of 49/o shell be provided, and the embaaknelt surface

shall maintaittd in a smooth, compact, rvell-drained cor:ditior:. palticulally

Lre

rvlten q'ork is to be suspelded at the end of the day or lbr other reasons,
\lihen necessary' to Lregin construction il:n:ediareiy a11er rair:fali, embanliment

T,S-4
n:aterial shail be protected using sheets to plgygnl rain from pen*trating into the
material.
Special care shall be directed to unifom passage of hauling equipr:rent on
embankment to compact it uniformly, whenever it is possible. Use of finished
surf'ace of earlhrvork for haul road shall be approved by t1r.e Consultant
The rvolks shall be proceciled at a1l tir:res to uliform spreading, compacticr:. and
finishing of entire embarkment. No snccessive layer shal1 be spread beforc ihe
precediag layer has been inspected and apprcved by the Consuitant.
In confincd to the strrlctures r.r'here rolling equipment cannot be
areas adjacent
effecti.vel-v used, compactiorr shall be accornplished b-v the use of pneurnatic
r&t11nersr hand vibratory equipntent, hand eompactors or other approved
eqr:ipment. Care sha1l be exercised in compacting shoulder portians of
ernbanl*nent, Shoulder pofiion shall be thoroughly compacted by the use of
suirable compaction equipment and procedures a;',proved by tire Coirsultant.
Emba-lhment slope shall be cornpacted by the us* cf suitabl* compactior:
equipment and procedures approved by the Ceinsultant in every itrterr,al of lifts
directed by the Clonsultant.
When auy layer lails to comply rvith the rlegree of ccmpactiou spccified. the
Contrac.tor shail re-compact, i:npror.* or repl*ce the r::raterials.
,{::y solt or yielding areas n'hich rnay develap in the eml",ankment, prior to
embankrnent operation, shall be corrected b-v
.
re-c.ompaction, rentoving the
unsuitable material and replacing it, as directed b,v tire Colsultant.
Before final finishing of earthwork, the entire snr{ace shall be roiled rvith a
minimurn of three coverage of a pneumatic tire roller approved by ihe Coruultant.
Final grade of crnbani<ment and side slope of the etrbanl<n:ent shall be frlished to
the iines and glades shorvn on thc plaas and drarl'irlgs or elirected by th+
Consultant. and shail not deviate more than plus or rninris 5cm from the plaaled
shape.

(1i Upper Embankuent

Materials placed in the uppcl cn:bankrnent sectio:: sirali conform to the
ir:11orvi ng reqnirem ents :

}{nximul Size i00 n:n:

}{odit'jed CBR vaiue (JiS A 1211 or A{SHTO T 191) 2.-{ min,

TS-5
 The material shall be placed and spread scl that ro single la,ver exceelis i0 crn in
thickr:ess ailer cotnpaction. Each layer shall be unifonnly r:cmpacted to more
tlian 900,/o of the rnaxhrum dry densitl..as deterrnined. b,v JIS A 1110 oi
equivalent. trlbter co:ttent at the time of compactlon shall be opi.imrun Llr rlore:
but iess than the r.r:et-side *ater content corresponding to the abor,.e specifierl,
density.
Degre* of compaotion of the upper embankment section rvill be detennined at
locatian designated by the Consultant, and in accordance ivith JIS A 121-t or
equivalent

{2) Lower SLrb-grade

lr'faterials placed in the lciu,er sub-grade section shall conform io the follor,rtng
req:"tiremetls:

Ilaximunr Sizc 150 rnm

Percent by'\4reight of Passing 74p(No" 200)
in Passing 4760pS'Io. 4) Sieve ll,laterial 60 -olo raax.
Plasticitl," Index 30 max.
},Iodified CBR valr-re (JIS A lZ11 or AASIITO I 193) 5 min.

Th* niaterial shal1 be placecl and spread so that no single la-ver exceerls 20 cnr. i11
thictra:.ess after compactiou. Each layer shail be ruiilomiy cornpacte,l to mole
than 90% of ths raaximtun dry density as detennir:ed by JIS A 1210 or.
equivalent. \\rirter content at the time of compactirrn shall Lrs optimlul Lu 1r1Lrrs.
but less than the u'et-side rvater content corresponding to the above spcciiied
densitlr.
Degree of cornpaction of the lo*'er sub-grade p,ill be determined ai location
designated h1'the Consultant, and in accordance ri'ith JIS 1214 or equir,aient.
'\
(3) Upper Sub-grade
h{aterials plac*d in the r.lpper sub-grade secticn shall confomr io the lollcrvire
reiluirerne nIs:

TS-6
 \'laximr.un Size 1{10 nrm
Passing 4760pS{o, 4) Sieve 2-i-100%
Passing 71p$o. 200) Sieve 0- 309/o
Plasticity Index 1'1max.
\,{odif,ed CBR r.alue (JIS A 1211 oTAASHTO T 193) 10 min.

The inaterials shali be placed and spread so that no singla layer erceeds 20cm in
thickness after compaction. Each layer shali be uniformly compactcd to more
than 9570- of tlie tlaximurn dry drusiry- as determined by JIS A 1210 or
equir.alett. \&rater corrtent at the time of compaction shal1 be api:roximately
equal to the optimum water content deterrnined by this test, or as dilected by the
Consuitaat.
Degre* of compaction of the upper sub-grade rvill be detennined at location
designated by thc Consultant, and in accordance with JIS :\ 1214 or equivalent.

('1) Proof Rolling

Befbre linai linisliing of the earlhu,crk, the e:rtire surfaoe shall be rolled rvith a
tninitnrun of tluee covcrage of a p:reumatic tire roller approved Lry tlie
Consultant having a tninimutr. tlual rteel load af 5 tons and minin:ura contact
tire pressure of 5.6kglc,n2. Any yielding areas sirail be repaired or reconstructed.
as dilected by the Consultant

1.4 SUBGII{DE PR{PARATION

1.4,1 Description

This rloril sh*ii consist of shaping and compacting the sub-grade in excavations
prior to placing gratrular sub-base caut'se th.ereon, and include materiarl and
mainlenalce during construction !n accordance r.r,ith the requirements of the
Conlract.

1.1.2 ConstnrctionNletho<l

The sub-grade shail be scarit-recl to a depth of 10 to l5cm bclol the piarured

sub-grarie suriac.e and re-compacted and firished ro lire moisrure deasitl,"

TS.7
 teqliirements as spccifi ed.
An,v snb-grade areas failing to rneet the plaru-recl eler.ation due to setllement or any
othel cause. or r.r'hich have becorle dar:raged sir:.ce completion of ea:thrvork, shail
i:e reworked, material replaced or added, re-compacted and iinisired to the
specified lirres, grades, and cross sections,

(i) Proof Rolling

Befure final finishing of the sub-grade, the entire surJace shail l:e rolled rvith a
miuirnum of three coverage r:f a pneumatic.-tired rollsr approved b,v the
Consultant having a minin'rurn dual r.r.,heel load of 5 tons and a r:rinimum contact
tirc prcsstue of 5.6kg/crn2, Adlustments of u,heel load ard contact tire pressure
shall be approved b.v the Consultant. Any _vieldir:g aleas shail be removed,
repaired or reconstructcd b_v the Contractor.

{?) Fi:rishing
The sub-grade shall bc shap''gd and t-rnished to the lines, grades, and cross
sections shottt on the plans and drawings. The iinisheLl sub-gtade surfa+e
shall not deviate more than plus 2 and n:inus 5cm irom the planaed eievation,
?he tinished surface shall not deviate more tlran 2.5cm ll'om a 3m straielrtedge
rvhen applied parallel ra,ith anrl at right angles to thc cer:ter-line of the roadrvay,
Straiglrtedge sirall be applied Lry successively overlapping b1' 112 the length of
tlie stlaigl:tcdge.

1.5 SOIL REPLACEHENT

1.5.: Description

Thi: lvork shail consist of cxcavati(rn, loadir:.g, hauling and clisposal af ulsr.rirable
soil o1'the grorurd surlace and placing of selected s:"ritable materials ro-ithin the
lir:rits r-f the r.vork necessarv for the constructiorr in accoldance rvith the
requiremeni r-rf the Contract. The unsuitable soil to be replaced sl:all be dislosed
to the place ;.rpprcved b,v the Consuliant.

TS-8
1.5.2 *'Iaterials

lvfaterials to replace sha1l be the selected sultable il:ateris.ls rvhich is approved by

the Consulta:rt.

1,5.3 Construction Nlethod

The replacement material shall be irnmediatel,rz placed as a unifonn mixture on a

prepared replacement area in a qaantit),, t'hich r.vill provide the required spread
thiclaness, alter excavaiion.
If the required spread. thiclaress of leplacemrflt exceeds 20 cm, the matelial shall
be constructed in tu'o 01' more laye:s of approximate equal thickness. The material
shaLll:e placed and spread unifor:aly u,'ithr:r.rt segregation. Cornpaction sha]l be
caried out as soon as possible after tFre material has been spread.

1.6 SLOPE TRI},&{I}fG

f .6.1 Description

This u'ork shall consist of stripping, excavation. iosding, hauling and disposal of
topsoil of tire ground surlace rvithin the limits o1'th.e norli :rec.essary tbr the
construciion of the roa,lway in accordance rvith the reqr:iren:ent of the Contract,
The topsoil ro be stripped shall be unsuitable soil fcr road fountlation, This x'ork
shall also include stockpiling, including loading, h.*uiing, placing, shaping and
cornpacting as the rsserved iopsoil fbr the slope protection of erabanliment r.vork.

1.6,2 Applicablc St:rndnrds

The n'ork shall aiscl cottfr-rm1 to the applicable requilemenl in the lollorving
c]anses:
Clause 1.I TOP SO]L STRIPPi$G AND GITUBBING
Clause 1.2 EXCA\,'AIION
Clause 1.3 E\TBANI(\{ENT

TS-S
1.7 TURFING

I.7.1 Description

This w:rk sha1l consist of'furaishing, placing and compracfing topsoii and planting
or la;,h1q grass sods for the siope of the roadr,vay and other poltions ol the r+or1< ia
accordance r.vith the specification u.here shor.r,n o:r the rlrarvitrgs, or orderecl b,v tlie
Consultant.

1.7.2 h{aterials

(l) Topsoil
'Fopsr:il fumished by the Contractor shall consist of a nafi"ral fiiable surface sr:i1

witliout adn:ixture of undesirable subsoil, refuse oiforeign rnate.rials. It shall be

reasonable liee from raots. hard clay. coarse aravel, sto:res Iarger than 50 uxl in
diarneter, noxious \vood) tall glass, brush, siicks, stubble, or othel lilter iurd shall
be subject to the approval of the Consultant.

{2} Grass Scd

The sod shail consist of a health1,, dense and r+ell-rooted grotth of living grass.
The grass sod shall be cut into urifonr squares approximatel,v 300 rnin b-v 300
rnm or in roils of unifonn r.r'idth r:f apploximately 300 mrn and sheii har,e a
mininum thickless of 50 mrn (excluding g:ass blades). Soils shall be subject to
the approvai of the Consultant.

1.7.3 Construction I\{ethod

The aleas to b+ sodded shal1 be as shorryn on the drau,ings or as ciirected bir tl're
Crlnsultant. Tlr.e surfoce of the areato be sodded shall be looset:ed ald brcught to
a reasonably line tcxture tr: a depth of approximately 20 mrr. Ihe [ed upon $'hicir
th* sod j.s to be placed shall be moistened to rhe loosenecl dgpth, if not naturall,v
and sullicientlv moist, and the sod shall be placed thercon rvitirin l-l houls ailer
}raving L',een cut. Tire Contractor shall rcgulzu1_v x,ater and nraintain sodded areas
in a satisiacton, condition lor the iiurirtit-rn of the Ccr:tract a:rd until final
aLrceptafice of the rvork bv tire tlonsultant.

TS.TO
 PART 2. SUBSTRUCTURE OS BRIDGE

Substluc.ture of bridge shall consist of all works Fertinent to tl:e construction of bridge
subsiructure in accordarce r,vith the reqttirements of the Contract,

2.L STRUCTURAA EXCAVAIION AND BACKrILL

2.1.1 Description

Struchral Excavation shall be exe.cuted to necessary depth and width lor the
constr':-tction comidedng the safet_v aspects druir:g executicn of the u'ork. Tire u'ork
sliall ilcluclc back{illing of str:ctures 'u,"-ith suitable }rate:ial, dispr:sing oi' surplus
materials, all necessary draining, pumping, bailing, sheeting, shoring, construction of
cribs a*d cofferda.rns and thcir subsequent removal, and removal of existirg structures
or pads th.ere of rvhich obstmct or encroach upon the str:rctrual excavation.

2.L.2 }{aterials
A1l materials used fnr backfill shall }:e ci a quality aeceptable to the Consultant rnd
shall be f,'ee li'oin lumps, rvood or othsr deleterious'material. If matelial excavated
lrom Jbundatio:r pits is {bu:rd rnsuitable, the backi}l material shall be obiaine,l {i'orn
other sou'css satislactory to the Consriltalt, \\trere shoun on the Drar,r,ings or ililected
by the Consulta:rt, granular matertal shall be placed as backfill.

2.1.3 Construction ]'Iethod

Ths forurdation shall be excaveted acccirding io ihe outline of the fuotings as shorvn
on the Drarvings or established by thc Consulisnt and be of a suffiu^ient -size to
permit the placing of the footings with fu1lhorizo:rtal bed.
All rock cr other hard foundation rna{.erial shall be iice fro*: all loose material,
c.leaned and cut to a llrm sLuface, either l*ve1, stspped, or serrated as ma.v be
directed by the Consriltant. All sean:s .sira}l be cleariecl out and ftlled rvith conc.rete,
lnortar 0f gl'out.
The Coltracror shall be solely respor:sible t'ol rncasr:res necessaly 10 prevent the

TS'11
sides of excar,'ation pits from collapsing. Tiiis might require sheeting and shoring.
cofferdam constntction or laying back tire sides to l'l*tter slopes. Cofferdams or cribs
lbr foiu:dation consfu'ucticn, itr general, shall be carieci tvell belor.r, the bottt-rm of
tboiings and shall be rvell braced and as rvatertight as practicable. In general, the
interior dimension of colferdams shall be s*ch as to glve sutficier:.t clealzurce fur the
coirstruction of fonns and inspectior: of tireir exteriors, and to permit pumping
outsjde of tl:.o fonns. Cufferdarns or cribs, u.'hicli are tilted or mor.ed dr-uing the
Frocoss of sir:trring, sha11 be rigl:ted or enla:ged so as to provide thr: necessar-v
clearanr:e and this shali be ar the sole expense of the Contractor.
Tke Contract*r shal1 subuir his proposed schemes for supporiing excavation to the
Cansultant for approval. Submitted drarvings should shorv sufficieni details for a
structwal evaluatiou of the sc.hemes and such drarvings slui11 be apploved by thr
Consultalt before construction is started on this item.
Unless otherlvise provided. cofferdams or cribs, r,vith ali sheetilg zurd bracing shall b*
removed b-v the Coniractor ailc.r dre completion of tl:e subshucaues. Tlie rcrnoval sha11

be e*bcted iu such a maruler as not to di.ttulb or mark the fu{shed corcrcte.

Alter each. excat'atiott is cornpleted the Contractor shall noti$'the Cor-qu1talt, and no
cruclete shall be placecl rurtii after the Corur"rlta:rt has apprnr.ed the depth of the
excevation ar:d the character r:f the fourdaiion mat*rial.
The backfill shall be placed against any rving tvall r-rr abutm*nt, other stlr-rctues
rurtil permission shall have been given by the Consultant and preferabl,v not until
concrrte has been in place 14 da.vs.
Backfill materials shall be placed in uniforrn horizontal iayers not cxceedilg 30
centirneters in loose thickless befure compaction anil shall be brought up
urifonnly on the slruct-rres.
All rnaterials u*sed tor backlill shal1 be of a quaiiq' acceptable to the Consuliant and
shall be fi'ee froi:r lunps, rvood ol other deleterior.rs material. lf rnaterial exca'u,ated
i}orn founclation pits is faund rusuitatrlc, the backfi1l niaterial sliall be obtained frorr
other snruces satisfactory to the Consultant. \\,here shor.n on the Drawings ar direcieri
b"v dre Corxultunt. grrutular material shail be placed as backlill.

TS.12
 2.2 FOT'I{D,{TION FILL

2.2.1 Descriptioa

This t'olk shall consist of gravet bac,kfill material (cobble stone) furnished and
placecl belorv rhe loundation and constructed il accordance u,ith these
specifications and in confornity with the iines, grades and cross section shou,n on
ihe Drarvings.

2,2.2 )'Iaterials

TI:e foundatic,n fill shall corrsist of suitably graded gravel of l:ard, sound and
durable quality'or lhe equivalent as required by the Consultant.

2.2.3 Construction i\lethod

After completion of the structlual excar,'ation ibr ci:nstruc.ting the fooling of pier
and tire forurdation i:f ab::hlent, tire surflrce of loosc sr:il shall be levelccl and
ci:mpacte.d. Tiren tl:e gravel shall be plaeed in onr, lay'er of 10cm ot,er the
conipacted bed lvhere the pile cap will rest. Ci:arse saud shal1 l:e spread to till qr
the voids in the gtar,el, ancl compacteil ro urake this ia1'er dense rvhereon the class
.'.
D blind concreie sh:rll be laid.

i-.qo 2.3 COI.ICRETTI \ryORI{S

*fi\i(

2.3.L Descriptlon

J'his lvorli. in general, shall consist of procurement of rnaterials and rnixing,

delive.ring and placing r:f thc collcrete and ibuning for the constructioir of bridge
substructure in accordanc,e $ith these Specifications and in confomitl,' r.r,ith the
requirements shou'n on the Drau,ings. Stmctural concrreie shall be composed of
Portland cemellt? line aggregate. coal'se aggregate, and rl,ater and shali be
proportioned and rnircd in accordance u'ith these speeifications. .\dmixnires for
the puipose r-rfenrainiiig air'. retardilg cr accelerating the set i+nd otirel pulposcs
n:ay- be adLled ;rs specificall,v reqr-rired cr pemritted.

T-S'1ts
 2.3,2 Classes of Corerete

Lnless otherrvise stated in i}.e Drarving, the classes of concrete sl'ia11be rlesignirted
A, B, C, D, E, F as shorvn in Table 2.3A. And each class cf concrete shail satisfy'
the requirenents clescribed in the table and u,he:r tested for strellglh, ir sha1l be in
accorciauce rvith JIS A1132 ancl JIS A1108 Lrr equivalent. The fcllorving
tequirements for usage shail govern nnless otherrvise shorvn on the Drau,ings.

Table 2.3A I Requirement of Concrete

N{ax.Size 28da1's Minirnum
hfexin"lum Air
Class SIurno OiCoarse Compressir.e Cenent <-- "*
tr4ric Content tr*
Aggregate Strength Conteni
n/
/o mI:i % mI]1 llPa Ksmi
A 60 80-120 ){-{n 25 30 350
B 60 80- r20 2.5-5,0 25 30 350
L 60 80-r20 2.5-..5.CI t(
i-) JU 3s0
D 60 80-1?0 2.5,'5.0 1( 18 ttu
E 60 1S0*2?0 2.5-s.0 15 /1 320
F 60 80*1?0 'l <-i n I5 30 350

Class A conclete * Ii,:r heavil!'reinibrc.etl structures. bridge deck slab, sidervalk,

approach slab, RC girder a:ril others as shorvn on the lJrarvings.

Class Bconcrele _. For heavily reinforced structures, abutmeats, piers, railing,

subslructures af bridge and cthers as sholtrl on tlie Drawings.

Class C eoncrets - For rail post of bridges and otirers as shorr,r Lril the Drarvings.

- Class D concrete - For concrete has*, lean cotrcret, tsmpr:rary concreie a:rd
others as shorvn on the Draq,ings.

- Class E concrete - For seal concrete ard r:thers as shown on tire Drawings.

Class F concrete - Fr:r heavily reinforcc:d part of substructures *,'herc steel girders
are enri:edcd.

TS.14

t-
 Concrcte Materials

{1)Ponland Cement
Unless o{:cnvise required,
R 5210 or.,I\r{SHTO $1 B5 and the 28-da;, strength requirernent shall appd;r
Irnless otherwise pennitted, all cement used in the rl,ori<s sha1l be from tlie sarne
mill r:f any one bra:rd and type of cernent.
Cement shall be plotected fi'om expttsure to moisiure rurtil used. Saclcetl cement
shall be so piled as to permit access for tall,r,, inspection, and identification of
each shipment. Cement which for any reason, have become par1ially set or
-\ which contain lump cf caked cement l,vill be rejectecl. Cement salvaged fi'om
*.4 discarded or used bags shall not be used.

(2) Fine Aggrcgato

Ii shall corcist of natural sand, stone screenings ol olher inerl materials r.vith
sirnilar r.haractedstics, or conbinations thereot. havirg hard, stro:rg and durable
particies. Fine aggregate fron: different sources of suppl-v sha11 not be mixed or
stored iu tlie sirine pile tror used alternetely in the sarne class ol concrets rvithout
tl:e approv'al by the Co:rsultant.
It shall itot co:rtain trore than three (3) rlass pe:cetrt of material passing the
0.075 mm $io. 200 sier.e).by r.vashi:rg nor more than one (1) mass percent each
of clay lrur:ps or shale. Usage of beach sanri will lot be allowed nitl'rout the
approval by the Consultant.
l{ateriais r.vhieh fail to meet rhLr organic v be a*cepted
provided, the relative strength at 7 and 28 days is not less than 95 percent when
tested in accordance r*ith the applicable provisions of AASHTO 'f 71.
The fine aggregate shall be *,e11 graded tl'orn coalse to *ne and shall conform to
Table ?.38.
Table 2.38: Reqlireme:rts lbr Fine Aggregate
JIS Standard Sieve or equir.alerrt
Percentagc Passing by ltrreigirt
Inln
10.0 100
5"0 100-90
2.5 i 00-80
1a
1.; 90-50
0.6 65-25
u.J 35-1t)
0.15 10-:

TS.15
(3) Coarse Aggregate
It shall ccnsist of crushed stone, gravel. blast fun:ace slag, or other approved
inerl materials of similar characteristics, or combinations thereoi, having hard.
strong, duralrle pieces and li'et-: from any adherent coathgs.
It shall contain not nrore than one (1) mass percent oln:aterial passing the 0.075
r:ln (No.200) sieve, not more than 0.25 mass perceat of clay h:r:rps, ncr more
than 3.5 mass perce.nt of soft fragments.
If the coarse aggregate is subjected to
: loss shall not exceed 12 mass percenl
When tested ia accordance with AASHTO T96, the coarse aggregate shall have

The coarse aggregate shall Lle of urifcrnn grading t'ith maximum sizes reqnired
far the varions classes of concrcte and slrclryn in Table 2,3 C.

Table 2.3C: Requirernents fbr Coarse Aggregate

JIS or equivalent Sieve
Percentage Pa.ssing b-v \\'eight
lnm
(trlax 25:r.rm) (\{ax l5tun)
30 100
25 r 00-9s
20 100
1i 70--10 1 00-90
10 70-40
5 r o-o 15-0
2.5 s-0 5-0

(4) \\iater
\Yater t-or mixing and cru'ing cotlcrete, and in mortar and grout, shall reasonabl,v
cleut and shall be ttee lrcm injurious quantities of oil, acid. alkali, s*lt, organic
matter. vegctable ntattel, or other Celsteriaus substanccs. The use ol sea or
br:rckish $.aIel is not allolued.
Wher: lequested b1'the Consnltani, the L-ontractor subnii e.,,ic1ence basei{
sh::.11

on tcsts rlecle b,v approved labr:ratorl'' to shorv thar the \l..r.ter colforms ro the
speciiic requiremet:ts. Requireurents for testing for rniring anci curing l:rrscess

rs-rs