Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
ON THE COVER:
Using a special computer language created by AT&T Bell Laboratories
scientist Gerald Holzmann. two Polaroid photographs showing opposite sides
of a woman's face were combined to create this image. The two 4-inch by 5-
inch Polaroid photographs, through the use of an optical scanner. were digi
tized so they could be processed by a computer. Using his special computer
language, Holzmann made a mirror image of one of the photograph5, then
combined the three of them to create the effect. The combination is completely
seamless, revealing no discontinuities where the three photos meet -- even
under magnification.
l/olzmann's language and techniques are the subject of a book, Bevond
PholOgravhy: The Digital Darkroom.from Prentice-Hall.
December 10, 1988
Literally for years now, we have "equal access" on that date. But
been pestering New York Telephone we're not getting a new digital
for an exact date on the cutover of switch until at least 1990. What
our ancient #5 Crossbar offICe to a we're getting now is something
more modern and efficient switch. called an "adjunct frame", a device
And recently, we were shocked to which allows a crossbar to emulate
hear that the date had been set: E.S.S. to a degree. Supposedly, it
December 1 0, 1988. We thought of causes lots of problems, so we'll
having a contest. A prize for the first have something to talk about. In this
person to call in after the cutover. way, N.Y. Tel will fulfill Judge
But this was not to be. Greene's equal access orders with
You see, our office is going to go out spending lots of money.
STAFFBOX
Editor-In-Chief
Emmanuel Goldstein
2600 (ISSN 0749-3851) is published monthly by 2600 Ente rpris es Inc . . 7 Strong's Lane. Setauket.
NY 11733. Second class postage permit pending at Setauket. New York.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to 2600, P.O. Box 752, Middle Island, NY 11953-0752.
dard, depending on the geographic area ing is d iffe rent h owever, e specially in older
or age of the network, so it's good to keep offices; typic al F 1 pair numbe rs range
your eyes and your m ind open. from 0000 to 9999 . Keep in m ind that the
At thi s paint, we will detail each point pair number is not concrete -- it is merely
along the Loop Di stribution Plant. nominal, it can change , and it doesn't nec
Cable Facility F1 CO Feeder
• e ssarily h ave a n y spe cial me an in g (in
The F1 cable is the feeder cable which som e well organized offices, h owever, the
originates at the Main Distribution Frame cables and pairs may be arrange d in a
(MDF) and cable vault at the local CO and certai n way wh ere you can de te rmin e
terminates at the SAL This cable can con what area it serves by its num ber ...such
tain from 600 to over 2000 pairs, and often as i n m y area, heh heh). In any case , it's
more than one physical F1 cable is need up to you to figure out your area's layout.
ed to service a single Serving Area (at an The cable-pair number i s usually written in
S A l ). The F1 is almost a lways located a form at such as 02-1495, where 02 i s the
u nderground, because the size , weight, cable and 1495 is the pair (inc identally,
and n u m ber of feeders leaving the CO since this i s the CO Feeder cable pair that
makes it impossible to put them on normal is connected to the MDF, it is the one that
telephone poles. Since it is also im practi will be l isted in COS MOS) .
cal t o use o n e single piece of cable , the F1 Access Points
F1 usually consi sts of several piece s of Although the F1 is run unde rground,
l a rg e , pre s surize d , or arm o re d c a b l e there is really not a standard access point
spliced together underground (this w i l l be down there where a certain pair in a cable
covered later) i nto a single cable. can be singled out and accessed (as will
Cable Numberi ng be explained ne xt). The re is, howe ver, a
In order to m ake locating cables and point abo ve ground whe re all the pairs in
pairs easier (or possibl e, for that matter), the F1 can be accessed -- this point is
a ll of the cables i n the loop distributio n known a s t h e Se rvin g Are a In terface
plant are numbered, a n d these num bers (S Al) , and it will be de tailed later. In LMOS
are stored i n databases such as LMOS at or other assignment records, the address
the ARSB or other record s at the LAC of the SAl will be l isted as the TErm inal
(Loop Assignment Center) or maintenance Address (TEA) for the F1 cable handling a
center. When trying to locate someone's ce rtain pair in q u e stion; therefore , it is
cable pair, it helps a g reat deal to know where facility F1 stops.
the se n u m bers (although it can be done Underground Plant
without them with experience and careful The term "Underground Plant" refers to
observation). Probably the most com mon any facilities located be low the surface of
place to find these num bers is on a BOR, the e arth . Th is in clu d e s t ru ly "b u rie d "
in the ·Cable and Assignment Data" block. cable s , w h ich are loc ate d 6- or-so feet
The F1 is usually assigned a number from unde rground su rrounded b asic ally by a
00 to 99 (although 000-999 i s sometimes conduit and d irt, as we ll as cables placed
used i n large offices). Cable pair number- in underground cement tunnels along with
other "below-ground" equipment (such as way, are ro und so that a l ineman can't
seen in most urban areas). Whereas the aCCidentally d rop the cover down the hole)
first type i s really i m possi ble to access are basically all the same , except for the
(unless, of course , you want to dig for a types known as "C" and 0 type manhole
" "
day or so and then hack into an armored, covers which util ize locking bo lts (these
jel ly-filled PIC cable -- then you should can be removed using a standard crescent
take a bit of advice from our resident Icky or hex socket wren C h). These covers are
PIC "Goo" advisor, The Marauder), the lat the sam e as the standard "B","A", a n d
t e r type can be acce s s e d t h ro u g h "SA" type c o v e r s o n c e the b o l t s a r e
manholes which lead to the underground removed. The best way t o open a cover i s
tunnel. to u se a m a n h o l e c o v e r l i f t e r ( i . e . ,
Manholes De f i a n ce C o r p . P TS - 4 9 o r B - t y p e
B e l l S yste m m an h o l e s are u s u a l l y Manhole cover lifter) , although a n ordinary
found along a main street or area where a 3/4 - 1 inch crowbar (hook-side) can be
feeder cable group passes through. Usi ng used. Put the tool i nto one of the rim slots
an underground cable location map i s the and press down on the bar u nt il the hook
best method for locating cable paths and is pressing up ag a i n st the cove r flange.
manhole appearances, although it may not Then push or lift the cover a fe w i nches up
always be available. These maps can be and slide it off the ho le. You can use a
acquired fro m the Underground Service bent sprinkler turn-off wrench on the other
Alert (USA) (at 800-422-4 1 33), but often a side to lift up if there are two of you . You
"cable locater" will be dispatched instead
(usuall y he will just m ark off how far down
"One must use good
or where you can d i g without h itting a
cabl e ), so t h i s i s not a very practical
method. Of course, you can always fol low sense when entering a
the warn i n g s i g n s on tel e ph o n e p o l e s manhole."
("call before y o u dig", etc.) a n d the spans
between SA l bridging heads until you find
a manhole. The F1 for the SAl nearest the should have no problem with two people ,
m a n h o l e s h o u l d be f o u n d down there altho ugh it can be done alone provided
along with others en route to the areas you are strong enough.
they serve. Once inside, check around for any test
There are several type s of m anhole e q u i p m e nt or papers w h i c h may h a v e
covers, both round and rectangular. The b e e n left i n s i d e . Basical ly, there i s really
recta n g u l a r o ne s are so m e t i m e s j u st no pair access down there, as it is mainly
hinged metal plates cove ring an under a place through which the protected feed
ground term i na l o r cable closure , and er cables are run and spliced together.
these are easily opened by one person. A These splice poi nts are usually sealed in
non-hinged one may require two people. pressuri zed air and wate rproo f closure s
Round manhole cove rs (wh i c h , b y the which protect the open splices from corro-
sion and ultra-violent rodent attack. If for ing a manhole, however, especially if you
some reason you happen to find an open don't have the right equipment. First, you
splice case or a cable with its armor and could drop the cover on your foot, or get a
sheath removed, then it may be possible crowbar or bent sprinkler tool ( the worsn
(although not easy) to match color codes in the groin. Secondly, you must take pre
(see chart) and find a certain pair. You cautions if you stay down long, because
would have to strip the wire near the the atmosphere in the hole will become
splice, though, and this is not recommend oxygen depleted in a matter of minutes
ed. Don't get the bright idea to pry open, and there may be suffocating or otherwise
or (worse yet) blow open a splice case, as dangerous gases in the manhole. Third, if
they are often pressurized (see "manhole you tamper with n itro ge n - p r e s su rized
dangers"), and the telco will frown on your cables or closures, a depressurization
actions sooner or later. Anyway, the feed alarm signal may be set off at the mainte
er cables generally are labelled at a point nance center, and technicians could be
near the manhole, so it is easy to find and sent out while you are still in the hole. It is
follow any certain cable. Because of this, also known that expensive electronic
the manhole access points in your neigh equipment mounted below · ground ( i . e . ,
borhood are good places to examine (and SLC remote terminals) may be eq u i pped
even sketch or map) the cable distribution with tamper alarms, and they are securely
plant in your area. This could be interest locked as well.
ing, especially if you find a lot of recently Serving Area Interface· SAl
installed groups or special service cables, T he Ser v in g Area Interface (SAl) is
etc. There could even be several types of b asically the point on the loop distribution
apparatus cases co n ta i n ing e ithe r analo g path where the F1 feeder cable is cross
or digital carrier equipment (i.e., T1 dig ital connected over i nto one or more F2 aerial
or 0, L, or N analog), pair gain systems, (o r b u ri ed) distribution cable. This terminal
repeaters, equalizers, or loading coils can be pole, pad, or pedes ta l mo unted -
(which help compensate for shunt losses however, for this article, we will conc en
caused by the parasitic cap acitance trate on the pedestal mounled cabinet as it
between pairs in pressurized cable). A typ is b y far the most common (the other
ical underground apparatus facility is the fo rms are functionally similar, anyway).
BERT (Below ground Electronics Remote These things are seen all over .- Ihe 4-foot
Terminal). However, it's unlikely that you high gray-green "boxes". There are sever·
will find any of this special equipment al names for this terminal·· teclinically it is
down there (other than loading coils, called the SAl or FDI (Feeder Distribution
which look like metal cylinders) unless you Interface), but it is usually called a
are in a very rural or specialized area, or Bridging Head, Pedestal, B-Box (lineman
you happen to be in a manhole :;er ving an term), or just plain "Box". The standard
inter-office trurk span (smile here). cabinet is the Western Electric 40-Type
Manhole Dangers cabinet, and it comes in several sizes,
One must use good sense when enter - depending on the amount of cable pairs in
swi tc h i n g m ac h i n e f o r th e o p e rato r ,
I t could be fai rl y s ta ted that Almon Strowger gave subscribe rs the power to
Strowger was the first phreak ever to exist. place the i r own ca l l s . I n ove rs i m pl i fied
I t seem s he had thi s thing for operators . . . . terms, his system worked like this: A sub
Strowger, to beg i n at the beginning, scriber who wished to call Mr. Strowger,
was an undertaker who l i ved i n Kan sas say, would punch a button on the phone a
C i ty toward the c l o s e o f the century. specific number of times. The number that
Accounts of his l ife are rather sketchy, but would be assigned to Strowger 3 per --
it does seem rather fair that he may have haps. Each punch would send an electri
had something of a problem with authority. cal p u l s e to a c e n t r a l o f fi c e , w h e re
He became convi nced that the Kansas Strowger's switch was installed . A motor
C i ty Telephone Company operators had would drive the arm of the switch a num
conspired to force him out of business. ber of steps around a circle corresponding
They we re , he thought, swi tching cal l s to the n umbe r of ti m e s the button had
intended for him to h i s com peti tion. When been pushed. In the exam ple here , the
he tried to place call s him self, the opera arm would stop at Mr. Strowger's num ber,
tors always seemed to report nothing but the third step. The arm would stay there
b u s y s i g n a l s and w r o n g n u m b e r s . for the duration of the call, with the voice
Registered complaints g o t h i m nothing Signals passing back and forth throughout
and nowhere. It drove Strowger to such a the switch arm . When the parties hung up,
pitch of exasperation and inspiratio n that the switch would reset. No matter which
in 1 889 he invented what he called the subscriber wished to call Mr. Strowger, the
first "girl-l e s s , cussless tel e ph o ne", o r same number of pulses would make the
more neutrally, the Automatic Switch. The same connection in every case .
dialed call was the ultimate result. In effect, the dial pulses replaced the
Strowger first pared the defi nition of operator. The pulses worked l ike electrical
phone service to a single function: con trail breakers. They built the path to the
necting Party A with Party B. In the old destination phone by com manding switch
days operators did much more than this. es to move to the proper point and free z
They would forward cal l s to som eone's ing them in that pOSition, thus reserving
l i ke l y l o ca ti o n , to o k m e s sag e s , and those connections for the voice signals to
advised callers whom best to cal l fo r a fo l l o w a l o n g. W h e n t h e ca l l e d party
sol ution to a plum bing or m edical problem. answe red , h is "Hello?" retraced the path
To Strowger these extra services reflected the digits had built, back to the original
power that invited abuse . (He was not caller. You now know what a step-by-step,
necessarily being paranoid. I n the early or crossbar, office is, and although they
years of phone service , there were m any are very rare, anyone who's ever been in
complaints of back-talk, biased se rvice, one can tell you the noise from all those
and eavesdropping. Lily Tom lin's routi nes cross-bars mo ving and "ker-plunking" into
speak to a half-forgotten memory of those position is extremely loud.
experiences.) The more things change .... Almon Strowger Jr.
T he n , by substituting an a u t o m a t ic (No, not the real one)
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\� �:iTED STATES GOvERNMENT .
DATIl:,
10 November 1986
..�-=: 2Dl1
Unauthoriz ed Access of DOCKMASTER
Reo:e·bed �
TEire':
1.
IVfill'
On 2S and 3 1 october 19 8 6 , there were success ful
. 012.l1 NOv lOBi .
1 0/ 2 5/ 8 6 0 9 : 5 6
SUcces s ful access was lIIade to DOCKMASTER from France .
The user was disconnected at 10 : 0 1 du e to
Tel enet/Transpac . communi cation,problems .
1 0/ 3 1/ 8 6 0 9 : 5 0
Success ful access was made to DO�� f r om France .
1 0/ 3 1/ 8 6 1 0 : 2 0
The owner of the account was denied access to DOCKMAS�-R
when he attempted to log in bec ause the account was
already active . notified his proj ect
a dministrator . who noti fi�d the
. DOCRMAsTER
1 0/3 1/ 8 6 10 : 2 7
User was bumped from the system and the userid l ocked .
1 0/ 3 1/8 6 13 : 3 5
Two attemDts from France �ere denied� due to the locked
us er i d . -
compromised.
There were no bad password attempts against this us er s ince
Ap r il , indicating that the user ' s· password was not gues s ed , but
r;;
���::����omD!!_�r��s!!��o���.��o�r� .
OP"T'IOHAL PO"'" NO . 10
(REV. 1-ooM )
GSA PPMIl (•• C7IIJ lal_ll.1
.'0..1 1"
11 QO s 1!J35 0 - 461-275 (4:8)
:n � �lt'I'�i¥�%fOGlf:�f;:::ll' � p:..�:�.��,,:
minute'login
t
that a substantial amount of proprietary information was
compromised . , Based on the 3 0 time and a maxim= data
trans fer rate o f , 2 4 0 charaCters per second , the us er could have
, transferred up to 4 22 KB of data , ( 3 0min * ( 6 0 sec/mini * ( 2 4 0
char/ s ec » . ·, .. ·
'
This compromise
3. , �
"
h
�uid ' not ave been prevented by the use o f
AD!! ( DOCKMASTER ' s implementation o f Mandatory Access Contro l ) since
the userid which was compromised had valid AD!! access to the data .
The use of a separate authentication/identification device , such as
syt�.
the Sytek Passport , could have :prevented this access . We are
currently working on purchasing the
DISTRIBUTION
&-SCS C
� ef , .
D/Chi ef ,
C Chief scienti st
.
f
f'
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NOTES
DOCKMASTE R is the N SA's compute r system hooked u p to A R PA N ET . Its T e l e n et ado ress
i s 30 1 22 ( N U l req u i red ) , On I N TE R N ET it is "DOCKMASTE R . A R PA", I am sti l l wait i n g for
additional FO IA docu me nts but the NSA has asked for $ 3 . 400 to conti n u e looki n g .
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es, 990 in the 9 1 4 area, and The first tone i s 2 seconds and
9 58 in the Ne w York me tro every 1 0 seconds there is a half
area. If you find an ANI, send it second burst .
in to us! A TSPS's verification network
BLV Tidbits is limited to 8 NPA's. A maxi
mum of 800 l o c al offic e s in
Dear 2600:
each NPA can be served by a
I 've been d o ing s om e TS P S fo r v e rifi c a t i o n ( t h a t
r e s e arch on B u sy Line
seems like a lot t o me) .
V e rific a t i o n ( B LV ) . I f y o u
BOC's have the capability to
remember, BLV i s the technical
e xc l u d e t e l e p h o n e n u mb e rs
name for an emergency inter
and even w h o l e offic e s from
rupt . The information I h ave
verification.
p ertains to an AT&T TSPS or
Th e B LV tru n k g ro u p i s
inward operator.
always trunk group number 35
An operator cannot make an
in every TSPS office (I thought
emergency inte rrupt without
that was neat) .
h aving a c u st o m e r o n h o ld ,
U nfo rt u n a t e ly . AT&T h a s
with one exc eption. There is a
stopped doing emergency inter
procedure known as a service
rupts in many areas. recently.
test call used to check if the
due to local operators .
B LV c i rc u it s within a TSPS
The Zeppelin
switch are functioning proper
ly. Th is test is done w i tho u t What� the Point?
anyone o n h old, but every time De ar 2600:
it is done a message prints on Th i s l e t t e r w o n ' t d o a ny
the security printer. good. but I will write it anyway.
Th e r e is a fe a t u re w h i c h I called several of the BBS's
prints call d etail for any emer you have listed . After a while . I
gency interrupt which exceeds hung u p . I don't have time to
a preset period of time on the screw with them. What is the
security printer. The threshold point? Are the u sers frustrated
can be anything from 0 to 2 5 5 hackers?
seconds. Multiple interrupts on I call a lot of BBS ' s and they
the same call are accumulated, are easy to use . My time is too
but time when the interrupted v a l u a b l e to w a s t e . and even
party is on hold is not. more s o when it is long dis
Th e tone generator, which tance to learn some stupid sys
beeps when an operator breaks tem j u st to use a silly BBS .
(continued on page 43)
A utumn 1988 2600 Magazine Page 2 7
(continuedfrom page 7)
OUTSIDE Loop
the Serving Area. The size and style of the inside o f the door, there should b e a circu
cabinet is usually stenciled or m arked on lar attachment with a " O"_type test cord on
the cement pedestal at the base of the it which m akes accessing pairs with a test
cabinet (Le . , S-40-E 40 type , E size, SAl
= set easier (if you don't have a test set, I
cabinet) . These cabinets can handle any will describe how to m ake a basic one
thing from 400 (A size -- 200 feeder in, later i n this article). You should hook the
200 distribution out - 43"H x 1 S"W x 1 2"0) alligator clips on your test set to the two
to 1 800 (E size - 900 in, 900 out - S4"H x bolts on the attachment, and then use the
40"W x 1 2"0) , with som e newer size F, H, specialized cord to hook u p to binding
and some 3M series -- 4200 cabinets han posts on the panel (it is specially designed
dling up to 3600 pairs at one site ! Also to do so, whereas alligator clips aren't) .
note that 4O-type (or look-alike) cabinets There are usually also spare decals and 2
are not exclusively for use as an S A l , reels of #22 solid "F" cross-connect wire
especially i n areas using a buried F2 dis stored somewhere in the cabinet, either on
tribution plant. Note that all Bell System the doors in a box (along with a "788 N 1 "
(Western ElectriC) cabinets, c ross-boxes , tool for seating and trimm ing jumpe r wires)
etc. which are pedestal mounted are paint or m o u n te d in the s p l i ce c h a m b e r
ed a standard grey-green . (Technically, (described in the next section) .
they are painted per Munsell Color Code Locating Pairs and Cross-Connects
Standard, EIA RS-3S9 . This color is sup Basica l l y , the S A l cab i n e t conta i n s
posed to be the least obtrusive and most several term inal block panels (size A=1
pleasing to the eye . ) This also helps to panel, size C + O (800+ 1 200 pai rs, respec
distinguish telco boxes fro m sprinkler and tive l y ) =2 pan e l s , s i z e E = 3 pane l s ) of
signal control boxes. Also note that there either 76-type screw b i nd in g posts (the
are still a large number of older loop plants most common) or more modern 1 08 -type
in the Bell Syste m , and the terminal boxes "quick-connect" connectors. These panels
may differ (Le., nut-bolt type binding posts, are divided up into six blocks of 1 00 cable
panel - re m oval type c a b i nets , e tc . ) i n pairs ( 2 screws = 1 binding post, per cable
appearance, but they are all functionally pair) each , with block 1 - 1 00 on the top and
similar. 50 1 -600 on the botto m . In a 2 -panel cabi
To open a 40-type or other com m o n net, the l eft panel typical ly contains the
cabinet, o n e must use a 7/1 6" h e x wrench pairs from the F 1 (feeder) cable , and the
(also called a "canoN or " 2 1 6-" tool) . Place right panel contains the F2 distribution
the wrench on the bolt and turn it 1 /8 of a cable pairs. This i s accom plished by either
turn clockwise (you should hear a spring a harness or cable stub whose pai rs are
release inside). Holding the bolt, turn the i nternally con nected to the binding posts
handle all the way to the right and pull the on a pane l . The harness or stub i s then
d o o r o u twa rd . If you happen to see a splice d , usual l y with " 7 1 0" splicing con
locked cabinet pried open by a crowbar nector modules, to the respective F1 o r F2
placed in the slot above the right door, you cabl e . In the case o f the harne s s , t h i s
should report it to the telco at once! On the splice is located in the back o f t h e cabinet,
T en i n a l Pane l
( Gr e en ) ( B l ue ) f l pa1 r s -- F I ----F 2--
-- F 1 F eeder --- --- - -
- F 2 D 1 S t . ---- = = ) 00 1 - 1 00 ! t t t XIX !
fl 8 I ND I N� POS! Ixl1111111 1111111111 1 0 1 -200 � XIX lXl !
I 025 ! l XXXXlxllX SAl llX,Xl1111 20 1 -31)0 ! X l l XXX I
- - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ '\
40 1 -500 1
HI HX 1
( AA
c i os e UD v i ew o f f 1 r s t J o f 1 0 b 1 na 1 n g post 5U I - 6 1)1) : x u xu I
T O WS o f t h e t 1 T St hun d r e d b l o c k ( la r k e d t f t ) ---- ! ! ---------- - !
F I 8� • 1)25 : U = f 1 r s t I Ou-a l oc K , 2 = p a s s o v e r L f U l l r a w s ( g o
t o 3r o r o w G O wn ) , j = � p a I r s f r el l e f t ,
SAl and distributes individual cable pairs 1 2"1) these closures are clamp pressur
--
to each subscriber. This cable can be one i z e d and are no t m e ant to be o pened
of two types : aerial or buried. The most unless the cable is being replaced or splic
common is the aerial distribution cable, ing work i s being done. They are not stan
although buried cable i s the m ode rn trend. dard cable/pai r access poi nts).
In the case of aerial F 2 , the cable o r Buried F2 plant is si m i l a r to aeri a l ,
cables leave the S A l underground, and at e xc e pt t h a t t h e cab l e i s n o t v i s i b l e
the first telephone pole on the distribution because i t i s unde rgro u n d . I n stead of
span , the cable is routed up the pole . It go i n g to a pole from the S A l , the cable
then is suspended on the span, such as continue s undergro und. The dro p wires
down a street, and at each group of hous are also underground, and the method of
es there i s a terminal on the span. This breaking them from the distribution cable
terminal is the aerial drop splitter, and its is si m i la r to that of the aerial drop splitter,
purpose is to break off several pairs from except it is a small pedestal or box located
the distribution cable in order to distribute on the ground near the houses it serves.
them (in the form of aerial drop wires) to This address closest to this pede stal is the
each house or premise . The location or TEA for the F2.
address of the prem ise nearest th i s aer ial F2 Cable Numbering
d ro p splitter is the TErminal Add re ss of the T h e F2 distri b u t i o n cable is usual l y
F2 serving a certain pair (each group of given a 4 or 5 digit number, depending o n
pairs in the F2 will have its own term inal the office . T h e fi rst 2 or 3 digits should be
address, unlike the one address for the F 1 the num be r of the F1 that the F2 wa s
branched off of, and the last 2 or 3 digits F2), and the lowest num bered facility will
identify the distribution cable. Example : be the feeder from the CO (like a "normal"
Fl ). The extra spans will be somewhere in
F1 Cable F2 Cable between, like an intermediate feeder or
25 2531 extra distribution cable with separate cable
This F2 cable came from feeder #25. access terminals. One such facility is the
The cable pair numbers may be set in Rural Area Interlace ( RAI), which can be
a sim ilar way, with the last 3 or 4 digits used in a "feeder-in, feeder-out" arrange
identifying the pair, and the first digit ( usu ment. This is usually seen on cable routes
ally a one identifying the pair as a feeder of 50 pairs or greater, with a length of
or a distribution pair. Example: longer than 30 kft (about 6 miles) . In this
case, there will be two terminal cabinets in
Fl Cable Pair F2 Cable Pair
the feeder path, labelled RAI-A and RAI-B.
25 1 748 2531 748 The RAI-A is special because it has a two
A--slgnlfles Fl (feeder) cable pair part terminal block: the top has switching
panels with 1 08-type co nnectors which
Generally, the F1 cable pairs are num cross-connect feeder-i n and fe eder-out
bered higher than the F2 cable pairs, due pairs using jumper plugs, and the bottom
to the fact that a feeder cable may contain has standard 76-type binding posts which
several distribution cables' worth of cable cro s s-con nect fee d e r s to d i stribution
pairs. Note once again that all of this num cables for subscribers i n the local area of
bering plan is the standard, and it may be the RAI-A. The jum per plugs can only be
far from real life ! As soon as one distribu connected in o ne way to the swi tching
tion pai r is replace d , c ro s se d over to panels, so random cros s-connection of
another feeder pair, or taken from service, feeder-in/feeder-out pairs is prevented . In
the set order is interrupted. In real life , it is this way, the cable and pair num bers stay
most always necessary to get both F1 and the same as if the feeder cable was unin
F2 cable assignment data. terrupted. This is used a lot in rural areas;
Facilities F3-F5, it allows part of a feeder group to be split
Rural Area Interface (RAI) off at the RA I-A like a distribution cable
Although cable facilities F3, F4, and F5 near a town along the route, and the rest
may be specified in any loop plant, they of the feeder group continues on to a town
are rarely seen anywhere except in rural further away, to the RAI-B where it is ter
areas under the RAN D plan (Rural Area minated as in a "normal" SAL In order to
Network Design) . Basically, plants using access a pair, just use the last RAI in the
these extra facilities are similar to F1 /F2 span (whichever it is) and treat it just like
plants, except there are extra cable spans an SAL If the pair term inates at RAI-B, you
and/or term inals in the path. When locat can also access it at RAI-A! ( If you can
ing cables, the highest numbered facility locate the pair using color code, BP num
will be at the end of the path, terminating ber, or (ughh) AN I , there should be te st
near the subscriber's end (like a "normal" terminals on top of the jum per plugs con-
(continued on page 34)
Page 32 2600 Magazine A ut umn 1988
fed e ra l B u rea u o f I m e s t i ga t i o n
An t i - P hone Se x D i vision
i1A �. 26 � .I
YD U
A: . ..
•• -,.. "'�wl • 'l'Q,'
01 You ., NI§i!J 3 i)
-I II (�JI�S: "IN �f
Thank you,
Dear Employee
This offer i s be ing made to a select target marke t in order to max imi ze
sales success . The success of this experimental offer wi l l determine
our future efforts with promotions of thi s type .
See the enc losed b rochure for deta i l s . This o ffer is good un t i l
December 31 , 19 8 7 , so b e sure t o ac t soon .
Sincerely .
�-
Ri ta Zaccardelli
Product Management
An I n d i a n a B B S operator i s
being sued by a u ser who claims Dial-It Info Numbers
th at h e i n t e n ti on al ly di scl o s e d At long l a st, New York
h e r p r i v a te el e c tr o n i c m a i l to Teleph o n e h a s c o m e o u t with a
oth ers without h er permi ssion . guide to all of th o s e n ew m a s s
The l a w suit m ak e s reference announcement numbers.
t o th e E l e c tr o n i c C o m m u n i D i a l i n g 54 0 - I N FO ( t o l l -fr e e )
c a t i o n s P ri v a c y A c t o f 1 9 8 6 , will get y o u a l i s t o f a l l 540 inter
wh i ch m ak e s d i s c l o sure of pri active servi c e s , as well as al l of
vate electronic m ail without con th e 9 7 6 p a s s ive ann o u n c e m e n t
s e n t o f th e s e n d e r o r th e numbers. Dialing 9 70-INFO gets
recipient a federal crime. you a list of all of th e a dult s er
Sy sops are not by law required vic e s (really funny to h ear) and
to offer private electronic mail to 550-INFO will gen erate a list of
i t s u s e r s . B ut in c a s e s w h e r e th e conferenc e numbers. To get a
th ey do, th e E C PA c a n be u s e d phy sical list, dial 8 00-942- 1 8 1 8 ,
agai n st th em if th ey d o n ' t k e e p operator 976.
private m ail private . I f a n y o n e gets th i s to w o rk
Thi s is wh at we've been w ait- outside of New York , let us know.
N ovemb e r 8 7 i ss u e t h e a d t h a t
am d esign i n g the t e lecommu ni
C o n s u m e rt r o n i c s p u t i n w a s
cations fac ilities for a $44 m il
gre a t fo r me b e c a u se I fou nd a
lion b u i l d ing g o i ng u p in t h e
fi l e o n g e tt i n g m e s o m e fa ke
$1 0 p e r s h i rt .
S i z e s avai l ab l e : S , M , L, X L .
N o retu r n s regard l ess o f w h at y o u say o r d o .
Al low 4 t o 6 w e e ks f o r d e l i v e ry .
Send a l l o rd e rs to :
2600
PO Box 752
M iddle Island, NY 1 1 953 U .S . A .
(51 6) 75 1 -2600
S E C O N D C L A S S P O S T AG
P e r m i t P e n d i n g at
I
E ast S et a u k e t . N Y I
PO Box 752
ISSN 0749 -385 t
DANGER:
MISSING LABel