Neurosurg Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655

Cumulative Index 2003

Volume 14
January PITUITARY SURGERY, pages 1180
April SURGERY FOR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, pages 181326
July NEUROAUGMENTATION FOR CHRONIC PAIN, pages 327468
October INTRAVENTRICULAR TUMORS, pages 469655

Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

A null cell, 3435

Abdominal muscle strength, evaluation of, for plurihormonal, 2829, 36
pain management, 342 prolactinsecreting. See Prolactinoma.
somatotroph. See Somatotroph adenoma.
Abscess, pituitary, imaging of, 71
somatotroph-lactotroph, 27
N-Acetyl aspartate, in magnetic resonance thyrotroph. See Thyrotroph adenoma.
spectroscopy, in obsessive-compulsive Adenovirus, for gene transfer, for pain
disorder, 214215 management, 422423, 428, 430
Acetylcholine modulators, intrathecal delivery of, Adrenalectomy, for Cushings disease, 84
361
Aicardi syndrome, choroid plexus tumors in, 472
Acidophilic stem cell adenoma, 27
Alpha-fetoprotein, in third ventricular tumors,
Acromegaly, in somatotroph adenoma, 4345 528
after pituitary surgery, 134, 139141 a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-
treatment of, 8283, 139141 isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors, in
Adenoassociated virus, for gene transfer, for pain pain transmission, 451452
management, 423424 Amygdala, connections to, in depression, 216218
Adenohypophysis Analgesia
anatomy of, 5557 intrathecal delivery of. See Intrathecal pain
histogenesis of, 13 management.
histology of, 25 pre-emptive, 452
hormones of, 1720 Anaplasia, in ependymoma, 473, 573
vascular anatomy of, 1415
Anderson-Fabry disease, pain in, gene therapy
Adenohypophysitis, lymphocytic, imaging in, for, 431
7273, 75
Anesthesia dolorosa, deep brain stimulation for,
Adenoma 333
acidophilic stem cell, 27
corticotropinsecreting. See Corticotroph Aneurysm, suprasellar, imaging of, 7576
adenoma. Angiography
gonadotropinsecreting. See Gonadotroph in choroid plexus tumors, 626
adenoma. in intraventricular meningioma, 561
growthhormone secreting. See Somatotroph in neurocytoma, 484
adenoma. in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, 584
mammosomatotroph, 2728 in subependymoma, 579
1042-3680/03/$ - see front matter 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/S1042-3680(03)00089-5
634 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655
Angiostatin gene transfer, for pain management,
430431
Annas, George, on psychiatric neurosurgery
regulations, 314
Anticonvulsant action, of vagus nerve
stimulation, 276277, 279280
Antidepressants, for depression, 201. See also
Transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), 2122
deciency of, after pituitary surgery,
124126
inappropriate secretion of, after pituitary
surgery, 126129
regulation of, 123124
replacement of, for diabetes insipidus, 126
Antinociception, physiology of, 452454
Anxiety disorders, transcranial magnetic
stimulation for, 293294
Arachnoid cyst
intraventricular, 609611
parasellar, 6364
Arachnoid membrane, variants of, 609
Aspartylacyclase deciency, gene therapy for,
431
Astrocytoma
hypothalamic, imaging of, 6566
subependymal giant cell, 470471, 475476,
584585
third ventricular. See Third ventricular tumors.
Ataxia, in third ventricular tumor surgery,
542
B in subependymoma, 475
Baclofen, intrathecal delivery of, 360361
Ballantine, H. Thomas, Jr., on psychiatric
neurosurgery, 308
Barber, Jesse, on psychiatric neurosurgery, 311
Behavioral therapy, for obsessive-compulsive
disorder, 200201
Benabid, Alim, deep brain stimulation studies of,
315
Bifrontal transbasal approach, to parasellar and
suprasellar lesions, 114119
Biopsy
in third ventricular tumors, 528
stereotactic, in neurocytoma, 494
Bipolar mood disorder, thalamocortical
dysrhythmia in. See Thalamocortical
dysrhythmia.
Bleeding. See Hemorrhage.
Body dysmorphic disorder, neuroimaging and
neurocircuitry in, 214
Bone disorders, in acromegaly, 4344
Bone morphogenic protein gene transfer, for pain
management, 430
Brain
deep stimulation of. See Deep brain
stimulation.
intraventricular tumors of. See
Intraventricular tumors.
precentral stimulation of, 334, 437443
sensitization in, physiology of, 450452
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, in
antinociception, 454
Broca, Paul, localization philosophy of, 181
Bromocriptine
for acromegaly, 83
for hyperprolactinemia, for prolactinoma, 30,
8182, 8990, 143
Burckhardt, Gottlieb, frontal lobotomy procedure
of, 181182
C
Cabergoline, for hyperprolactinemia, in
prolactinoma, 8182, 90, 143
Calcication
in ependymoma, 473, 572
in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, 584
Calcitonin gene-related peptide, in pain
transmission, 446, 452
Calcium, in pain transmission, 451452
Calcium channel blockers, intrathecal delivery of,
361
Califano, Joseph, psychiatric neurosurgery
regulations approved by, 314
Callostomy, for colloid cyst, 609
Camera, for endoscopic intraventricular surgery,
549550
Canavan disease, gene therapy for, 431
Cancer, metastasis from. See Metastasis.
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655 635

Cancer pain Cerebrospinal uid

denition of, 330 analysis of, in depression, in vagus nerve
intrathecal management of, 355, 359, 361, stimulation, 280
383385 leakage of in intrathecal medication delivery,
358
Capsule, internal, anterior limbs of, electrical
stimulation of, in obsessive-compulsive Chemotherapy
disorder, 267274 for choroid plexus carcinoma, 627628
for ependymoma, 576577
Capsulotomy, for psychiatric disorders
for neurocytoma, 487, 501503
depression, 219, 232233
for subependymoma, 583584
history of, 191192
obsessive-compulsive disorder, 204208, 219, Chlorpromazine, for psychiatric disorders, history
232233 of, 190

Carcinoma Chlorpropamide, for diabetes insipidus, 132

choroid plexus Chondrosarcoma, clival, imaging of, 77
clinical features of, 623624
Chordoma, clival, imaging of, 7677
epidemiology of, 469, 621
imaging of, 624, 626 Choroid plexus
outcome of, 628629 anatomy of, 512513
pathology of, 469472, 622623 cysts of, 611612
treatment of, 627628 tumors of
pituitary, 3637 clinical features of, 623624
dierential diagnosis of, 472
Cardiovascular disorders, in acromegaly, 44
epidemiology of, 469, 621
Catheters, for intrathecal pain management, genetic features of, 472, 623
356358, 382383 imaging in, 624, 626
in children. See Pediatric patients, choroid
Cationic polymers, for gene transfer, 421
plexus tumors in.
Cauda equina syndrome, in intrathecal in third ventricle. See Third ventricular
medication delivery, 358 tumors.
metastatic, 598
Caudate nucleus
outcome of, 628629
anatomy of, 511
pathology of, 469472, 621623
connections to
subependymal giant cell astrocytoma,
in depression, 216219
585586
in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 214,
treatment of, 624628
218219
Chroman cells, intrathecal delivery of, 361
Cavernous sinuses
anatomy of, for pituitary surgery, 1617 Cilia, in choroid plexus tumors, 470471
exposure of, in pituitary surgery, 102 Cingulate cortex
Cavum septum pellucidum, 608 anterior, connections to
in depression, 216219
Cavum veli interpositi, 609 in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 214,
Cavum vergae, 608609 218219
in nociception, 448
Central neurocytoma. See Neurocytoma,
Cingulotomy, for psychiatric disorders, 191192,
intraventricular.
225235
Central sensitization, physiology of, 450452 anatomic considerations in, 225227
complications of, 230
Cerebellum, hypoplasia of, in Dandy Walker
depression, 204206, 208209, 218, 225228
malformation, 613615
history of, 225
Cerebral salt wasting, after pituitary surgery, obsessive-compulsive disorder, 204206,
128 208209, 216, 225231
636 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655

Cingulotomy (continued ) pineal cyst, 612613

SPECT in, 238249
patient selection for, 227228, 231
physiologic considerations in, 225227
results of, 228231, 241243
technique for, 228, 239
versus alternative surgical methods, 231233
Cisterna magna, enlargement of, 615
Clear cell ependymoma, 473, 478, 573
Clivus
exposure of, in pituitary surgery, 101102
neoplasms of, imaging of, 7678
Clonidine, intrathecal delivery of, 360, 384
Coccydynia, spinal cord stimulation for, 378
tuberous sclerosis, 615617
versus normal variants, 608609
Conus medullaris compression, in intrathecal
medication delivery, 358
Cordotomy, for pain, 328
Corpus callosum, lipoma of, 615
Corticosteroids, for hypopituitarism, after
pituitary surgery, 129
Corticostriatothalamocortical circuitry
in depression, 216219
in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 214,
218219

Colloid cyst, 552554, 609 Corticotroph(s), 25

Colorectal cancer Corticotroph adenoma
in acromegaly, 45 Cushings disease in, 4548
intraventricular metastasis from, 596597 diagnosis of, 169
long-term management of, 169
Compensation systems, pain management and,
outcome of, 169
341, 349350
medical treatment of, 142
Complex regional pain syndrome, spinal cord pathology of, 3132
stimulation for, 378 persistent, 141142
Computed tomography radiotherapy for, 142
in choroid plexus tumors, 624 silent, 32
in colloid cyst, 609 surgical treatment of, 169
in craniopharyngioma, 6263 persistent, 141142
in empty sella syndrome, 6465 postoperative endocrine management in,
in ependymoma, 572 130131, 133134
in hypothalamic astrocytoma, 6566 preoperative management in, 94
in intraventricular meningioma, 561 Corticotropin, 1819, 25
in lateral ventricle tumors, 514 adenomas secreting. See Corticotroph
in meningioma, 67 adenoma.
in neurocytoma, 484 deciency of, after pituitary surgery, 132133
in pituitary abscess, 71 measurement of, in corticotroph adenoma, 47
in pituitary adenoma, 59
in schwannoma, 70 Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test,
in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, 584 in corticotroph adenoma, 47
in subependymoma, 579 Cortisol
in suprasellar aneurysm, 75 excess of, in corticotroph adenoma, 3132,
in third ventricular tumors, 528 4548
Congenital intraventricular lesions, 607619 medical treatment of, 8384
arachnoid cyst, 6364, 609611 persistent, 141142
choroid plexus cyst, 611612 preoperative management of, in pituitary
colloid cyst, 552554, 609 tumors, 94
corpus callosum lipoma, 615
Cranial nerve dysfunction, after pituitary
Dandy-Walker malformation, 613615
radiotherapy, 162
embryology of, 607608
ependymal cyst, 612 Craniopharyngioma. See also Third ventricular
epidermoid cyst, 613 tumors.
neurenteric cyst, 613 imaging of, 6163
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655 637

Cre-lox system, for gene transfer, for pain Delgado, Jose M.R., on psychiatric neurosurgery,
management, 422 309
Cushing, Harvey, transsphenoidal approach of, Deniker, Pierre, psychoactive drug therapy
25, 7 discovery by, 190
Cushings disease Depression, 199212
after pituitary surgery, 130131, 133134 clinical features of, 201
in corticotroph adenoma, 3132, 4548 epidemiology of, 201
long-term management of, 169 evaluation of, before pain management,
outcome of, 169 411412, 414415
persistent, 141142 medical treatment of, 201
medical treatment of, 8384 neurocircuitry models for, 216219
CyberKnife, for neurocytoma, 501 neuroimaging in, 216219
neurosurgery for
Cyst(s) capsulotomy, 219, 232233
arachnoid cingulotomy, 204206, 208209, 225228
intraventricular, 6364 current awareness of, 201202
parasellar, 6364 eectiveness of, 207209
choroid plexus, 611612 history of, 202203
colloid, 552554, 609 limbic leukotomy, 205207, 209, 232
ependymal, 612 modern procedures for, 203205
epidermoid neuroimaging and neurocircuitry related to,
intraventricular, 613 218219
parasellar, 64 safety of, 205207
neurenteric, 613 subcaudate tractotomy, 204205, 207, 218,
parasellar, imaging of, 6364 231
pineal, 612613 thalamocortical dysrhythmia in. See
Rathkes cleft, 63 Thalamocortical dysrhythmia.
Cystitis, interstitial, peripheral nerve stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation for, 288293
for, 377 maintenance, 292
meta-analysis of, 289292
Cytokeratins, in choroid plexus tumors, 470 with intentional seizure generation, 294295
Cytomegalovirus, for gene transfer, for pain treatment of, before pain management, 348
management, 422 vagus nerve stimulation for, 275282
Desmopressin (DDAVP), for diabetes insipidus,
after pituitary surgery, 126, 132
D
Dexamethasone suppression test, in corticotroph
Dandy Walker malformation, 613615
adenoma, 47
Deep brain stimulation, 389399
complications of, 395396 Diabetes insipidus, after pituitary surgery,
for neuropathic pain, 390391 124126, 132
for nociceptive pain, 391 Diabetic neuropathy, pain in
history of, 332334, 389390 gene therapy for, 430
mechanism of action for, 390391 spinal cord stimulation for, 378
o-label use of, 396
patient selection for, 391392 Diaphragma sellae, anatomy of, 16
physiology of, 454455
Diethelm, Oskar, on ethics of neuropsychiatric
preoperative evaluation for, 391392
surgery, 305307
rationale for, 390391
results of, 394396 Dizziness, in neurocytoma, 483
target site selection for, 392
DNA, in gene therapy, for pain, 420421, 427430
technique for, 392394
tolerance to, 395 Dopamine, deciency of, gene therapy for, 426
638 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655

Dopamine agonists Ependymal cyst, 612

for gonadotroph adenoma, 84
Ependymoma
for prolactinoma, 3031, 8182, 8990, 143
classication of, 572573
Dott, Norman, transsphenoidal approach of, 57 intraventricular, 571578
anaplastic, 573
Dynorphin, in antinociception, 453
cellular, 573
E clear cell, 473, 478, 573
clinical presentation of, 572
Edema, in intrathecal morphine delivery, 385386
dierential diagnosis of, 474
Electrical stimulation epidemiology of, 472, 571572
deep brain, 332334, 389399 genetic features of, 474
implantable stimulators for, 331334, 372375, imaging of, 572
403406 infratentorial, 574576
internal capsule anterior limb, for obsessive- papillary, versus choroid plexus tumors,
compulsive disorder, 267274 472
motor cortex, 334 pathology of, 470474, 572574
peripheral nerve, 331, 401408 prognosis of, 577578
precentral, 334, 437443 supratentorial, 574576
spinal cord, 331332, 365380 tanycytic, 573
vagus nerve, for depression, 275282 third ventricular. See Third ventricular
Electroconvulsive therapy, for psychiatric tumors.
disorders, 184, 201 treatment of, 574578
versus transcranial magnetic stimulation, versus central neurocytoma, 478
287289, 291292, 294 versus subependymoma, 475

Electroencephalography, in depression, in vagus Epidermoid cyst

nerve stimulation, 280 intraventricular, 613
parasellar, 64
Electropermeabilization, in gene therapy, for
pain, 420 Epidermoid tumors, in third ventricle. See Third
ventricular tumors.
Eloquent cortex, localization of, transcranial
magnetic stimulation for, 287 Epilepsy
transcranial magnetic stimulation for,
Empty sella syndrome, 16, 6465 286287, 293
Endocrinopathies, in pituitary tumors. See vagus nerve stimulation for, 276277
Pituitary tumors, endocrinopathies in. Epithelial membrane antigen, in choroid plexus
Endometriosis, pain in, gene therapy for, 430431 tumors, 470

Endonasal transsphenoidal approach, to pituitary Equine infectious anemia virus, for gene transfer,
tumors, 99100 for pain management, 425
lateral (Hirsch), 12 Ervin, Frank R., on psychiatric neurosurgery,
Endoscopy 309
in intraventricular surgery, 547557 Estrogen, for persistent prolactinoma, 142
anatomic considerations in, 548549
colloid cyst resection, 552554 Ethical issues, in neuropsychiatric surgery,
equipment for, 549551 303319
history of, 547548 historical aspects of, 303308
pineal tumor management, 554555 regulatory aspects of, 312315
two-portal, 551 sociopolitical aspects of, 308312
ventriculostomy, 551552
in transsphenoid approach, to pituitary F
tumors, 104105 Federal Employees Compensation Act, 349
Enkephalins, in antinociception, 453 Federal Employers Liability Act, 349
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655 639

Feline immunodeciency virus, for gene transfer, Gamma knife capsulotomy, for psychiatric
for pain management, 425 disorders, 204208
Fiamberti, Amarro, transorbital lobotomy Gamma knife radiosurgery
procedure of, 189 for neurocytoma, 498, 501
for pituitary tumors, 156161
Fluid restriction, in antidiuretic hormone
for somatotroph adenoma, 83
inappropriate secretion, 128129
Ganglioneurocytoma, 477
Follicle stimulating hormone, 19, 2526
excess of, in gonadotroph adenoma, 34, 4243, Gasserian ganglion, in nociception, 446447
84
Gate theory of pain, 328331, 451
Foramen of Monro, anatomy of, 510511
Gemistocyte-like cells, in subependymal giant cell
Foreign body reactions, in deep brain stimulation, astrocytoma, 475476
395
Gene-gun method, for gene transfer, 428
Fornices, anatomy of
Gene therapy, for pain, 419435
in endoscopic surgery, 548
advantages of, 419, 422
in third ventricular surgery, 531
cell lines for, 429430
Fourth ventricle, dilation of, in Dandy Walker complications of, 430
malformation, 613615 ex vivo, 429430
neuromodulation, 425429
Freeman, Walter, psychiatric neurosurgical
nonviral, 420421
procedures of, 182183, 185190, 303306
root causes, 429430
Frontal horn, anatomy of, 510511 viral vectors in, 421425
Frontal lobotomy, history of, 182190, 203, Germinoma, parasellar, imaging of, 71
303308
Giant cell astrocytoma, subependymal, 470471,
Frontal transcortical (middle frontal gyrus) 475476, 584585
approach, to lateral ventricle tumors, 517518
Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, in nociception,
Frontotemporal transcavernous approaches, to 446
parasellar and suprasellar lesions, 109121
Glial brillary acidic protein
bifrontal transbasal, 114119
for gene transfer, for pain management, 422
orbitozygomatic, 109114
in choroid plexus tumors, 470
pterional, 109111
in ependymoma, 473
supraorbital, 119121
in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, 585
transzygomatic, 109111
Glioma. See also Ependymoma;
Fulton, John F., neurophysiologic studies of, 182,
Subependymoma.
185187
intraventricular
Functional neuroimaging, in choroid, 585586
obsessive-compulsive disorder, 215 subependymal giant cell astrocytoma,
Furosemide, for antidiuretic hormone 470471, 475476, 584585
inappropriate secretion, 129 types of, 571
parasellar, after pituitary radiotherapy, 162
Glutamate, in pain transmission, 451452
G
Glutamate decarboxylase deciency, gene therapy
a-Galactosidase A deciency, pain in, gene
for, 426
therapy for, 431
Glycine, intrathecal delivery of, 360
Gall, Franz Joseph, on phrenology, 181
Goltz, Friedrich, temporal lobotomy procedure
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
of, 181
deciency of, gene therapy for, 426
receptors for, in antinociception, 453454 Gonadotroph(s), 2526
640 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655
Gonadotroph adenoma
diagnosis of, 4243
endocrinopathy in, 4243
imaging of, 43
medical treatment of, 84
pathology of, 34
Gonadotropins, 19, 2526
adenoma secreting. See Gonadotroph
adenoma.
deciency of, after pituitary surgery, 132133
Grant, Francis, lobotomies by, 186
Granuloma, at catheter tip, in intrathecal drug
delivery, 386
Graves disease, in thyrotroph adenoma, 49
Grinker, Roy, on ethics of neuropsychiatric
surgery, 306307
Growth hormone, 1920, 25
deciency of, after pituitary surgery, 133
pituitary tumors secreting. See Somatotroph
adenoma.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone, 20
Guiot, Gerard, transsphenoidal approach of,
6, 8
H Hydrocortisone, for hypopituitarism, after
Hallucinations, thalamocortical dysrhythmia in.
See Thalamocortical dysrhythmia.
Hardy, Jules, transsphenoidal approach of, 810
Headache
in deep brain stimulation, 396
in intraventricular metastasis, 595
in lateral ventricle tumors, 510
in neurocytoma, 483
peripheral nerve stimulation for, 404405
Hemangiopericytoma, parasellar, imaging of,
6870
Hemianopsia, bitemporal, in prolactinoma, 29
Hemiparesis, in lateral ventricle tumor surgery,
523
Hemorrhage, intracranial
in deep brain stimulation, 395
in intraventricular metastasis, 595
in lateral ventricle tumor surgery, 523
in third ventricular tumor surgery, 542
Herniorrhaphy, postoperative pain in, peripheral
nerve stimulation for, 406
Herpes simplex virus 1, for gene transfer, for pain
management, 424425, 428429
Hippocampus, connections to, in depression,
216218
Hirsch, Oscar, transsphenoidal approach of, 12
Histiocytosis X, of pituitary, 72, 74
Hormones, pituitary, 1722, 2526. See also
specic hormones.
abnormalities of. See Pituitary tumors,
endocrinopathies in.
Human chorionic gonadotropin, in third
ventricular tumors, 528
Human immunodeciency virus, for gene transfer,
for pain management, 425
Hydrocephalus
after lateral ventricle tumor removal, 523
after third ventricular tumor removal, 542
endoscopic ventriculostomy for, 551552
in choroid plexus tumors, 623626
in Dandy Walker malformation, 613615
in ependymoma, 572, 574
in lateral ventricle tumors, 509
in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, 584
in subependymoma, 579
in third ventricular tumors, 528
pituitary surgery, 129
Hyperalgesia
central mechanisms of, 450451
in gene therapy for pain, 431
Hypercortisolemia, in corticotroph adenoma,
3132, 4548
medical treatment of, 8384
persistent, 141142
Hypernatremia, after pituitary surgery, 124126
Hyperprolactinemia
in acromegaly, 44
in prolactinoma, 2931, 4142
medical treatment of, 8182
persistent, 142143
Hyperthyroidism, in thyrotroph adenoma, 4850
Hypocortisolism, after pituitary surgery, 129130
Hypogonadism
in gonadotroph adenoma, 42
in prolactinoma, 8182
Hyponatremia, after pituitary surgery, 126129
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655
Hypophyseal arteries, anatomy of, 1415
Hypophysectomy, in persistent acromegaly, 140
Hypophysis. See Pituitary gland; Pituitary
tumors.
Hypopituitarism
after pituitary surgery, 129130
in gonadotroph adenoma, 42
in somatotroph adenoma, 44
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, connections
to, in depression, 216
Hypothalamus
anatomy of, in third ventricular surgery, 529
astrocytoma of, imaging of, 6566
dysfunction of, after pituitary radiotherapy,
161162
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
gene transfer, 422423
I Intermediate lobe, pituitary, physiology of, 2021
Immunohistochemistry
in choroid plexus tumors, 470, 623
in ependymoma, 473
in neurocytoma, 485
in subependymoma, 582
Implantable devices, for pain management
electrical stimulation, 331334, 372375
peripheral nerve, 403406
spinal cord, 372375
intrathecal drug delivery, 331334, 372375
Impulse control disorder, thalamocortical
dysrhythmia in. See Thalamocortical
dysrhythmia.
Incisural space, posterior, anatomy of, in third
ventricular surgery, 531
Infections
in deep brain stimulation, 395
in intrathecal medication delivery, 357
in spinal cord stimulation, 375376
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling, in corticotroph
adenoma, 4748
Inammation, at catheter tip, in intrathecal drug
delivery, 386
Infratentorial supracerebellar approach
to intraventricular meningioma, 566
to third ventricular tumors, 532538
Infundibulum, in pituitary embryogenesis, 1112
641
Inguinal pain, peripheral nerve stimulation for,
406
Inositol triphosphate, in pain transmission, 452
Institutional review boards, for psychiatric
neurosurgery research, 313
Insula, in nociception, 448
Insulin-like growth factor-1, in somatotroph
adenoma, 139141
Insulin resistance, in acromegaly, 44
Interhemispheric approaches
to intraventricular meningioma, 565566
to lateral ventricle tumors, 520522
Interhemispheric-transcallosal approach, to third
ventricular tumors, 532, 534, 538539
Interleukin-12 gene transfer, for pain, 427428
Intermediate laments, in subependymal giant cell
astrocytoma, 476
Intracranial pressure, increased
in choroid plexus tumors, 623624
in ependymoma, 572
in intraventricular metastasis, 595
in lateral ventricle tumors, 510
in neurocytoma, 483
Intrathecal pain management, 353363
complications of, 358359
contraindications to, 355
delivery of, 381387
clinical studies of, 383385
inammatory mass interference with, 386
pharmacodynamics of, 381383
side eects of, 385386
sites for, 354
devices for
evaluation of, 358
failure of, 358
implantation of, 357358
management of, 359
replacement of, 359
selection of, 355357
dose changes in, 359
drugs used in, 360361
future of, 360362
history of, 353354
intraventricular route of, 354, 356
outcomes of, 359360
patient selection for, 354355
psychologic variables in, 410412
642 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655
Intrathecal (continued )
trial of, 355
versus epidural delivery, 354
versus medical treatment, 383
Intraventricular tumors
choroid plexus, 469472, 621631
congenital, 607619
dierential diagnosis of, 469
ependymoma. See Ependymoma.
epidemiology of, 469482. See also specic
tumor types.
glioma, 571591
lateral, 509525
meningioma, 470471, 559569
of third ventricle. See Third ventricular
tumors.
metastatic, 593606
neurocytoma, 470471, 476478, 483508
pathology of, 469482
posterior, 527545
subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, 470471,
475476, 584585
subependymoma. See Subependymoma.
surgical treatment of, endoscopic adjuncts to,
547557
Irrigation, in endoscopic intraventricular surgery,
550551
J depression, 205207, 209, 232
Jacobsen, Carlyle, neurophysiologic studies of,
182
K orbitomedial, for obsessive-compulsive
Kainate receptors, in pain transmission, 451
Kelly, Desmond, limbic leukotomy procedure of,
193
Ketamine, intrathecal delivery of, 360
Ketoconazole, for Cushings disease, 8384, 142
Ki-67 antigen
in choroid plexus tumors, 470
in ependymoma, 473
Knight subcaudate tractotomy, 193
L pathway disruption in. See Cingulotomy;
Laborit, Henri, psychoactive drug therapy
discovery by, 190
Lactotroph(s), 25. See also Prolactin;
Prolactinoma.
Laminotomy, for spinal cord stimulation implant,
375
Lanreotide
for somatotroph adenoma, 83, 140
for thyrotroph adenoma, 84
Lateral ventricles, tumors of, 509525
anatomic considerations in, 510514
blood supply of, 513514
clinical presentations of, 509510
dierential diagnosis of, 510
epidemiology of, 509510
intraoperative considerations in, 514516
outcome of, 522524
postoperative considerations in, 516, 522524
preoperative considerations in, 514
surgical approaches to, 516522
frontal transcortical (middle frontal gyrus),
517518
interhemispheric, 520522
parietal transcortical (superior parietal
lobule), 519520
temporal transcortical (middle temporal
gyrus), 518519
types of, 509
Leksell, Lars, capsulotomy procedure of, 191
Lentiviruses, for gene transfer, for pain
management, 425
Leukotomy
limbic, for psychiatric disorders, 193
obsessive-compulsive disorders, 205207,
209, 218219, 232
versus cingulotomy, 232
disorder, 218
Li-Fraumeni syndrome, choroid plexus tumors in,
472
Lima, Almeida, early frontal lobotomies by, 182
Limbic leukotomy, for psychiatric disorders, 193
depression, 205207, 209, 232
obsessive-compulsive disorders, 205207, 209,
218219, 232
Limbic system, in psychiatric disorders
dysfunction of, 226
Limbic leukotomy.
Linear accelerator-based radiosurgery
for neurocytoma, 501
for pituitary tumors, 155156
Lipoma, of corpus callosum, 615
Liposome-mediated gene transfer, for pain, 421
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655
Lobotomy
frontal, history of, 182190, 203, 303308
prefrontal, history of, 182190
transorbital, 189
Long Shore and Harbor Workers Act, 349
Lung carcinoma, intraventricular metastasis from,
596597
Luteinizing hormone, 19, 2526
excess of, in gonadotroph adenoma, 34, 4243,
84
Lyerly, James, psychiatric neurosurgical
procedures of, 186187
Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis, imaging in,
7273, 75
Lymphoma, clival, imaging of, 78
Lysosomes, in subependymal giant cell
astrocytoma, 476
M Transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Macroadenoma, pituitary, imaging of, 5960
Macrostimulation, in deep brain stimulation, 393
Magnetic resonance imaging
blood oxygenation level-dependent
in depression, in vagus nerve stimulation,
279
in transcranial magnetic stimulation
studies, 288
in arachnoid cyst, 64
in choroid plexus tumors, 624, 626
in colloid cyst, 609
in craniopharyngioma, 63
in deep brain stimulation, 392393
in empty sella syndrome, 6465
in ependymal cyst, 612613
in ependymoma, 572
in epidermoid cyst, 64
in germinoma, 71
in hemangiopericytoma, 6970
in histiocytosis, 74
in hypothalamic astrocytoma, 66
in lateral ventricle tumors, 514
in lymphocytic adenohypophysitis, 73, 75
in meningioma, 6768, 561, 564
in metastatic intraventricular tumors, 594
in neurocytoma, 484
in pituitary abscess, 71
in pituitary histiocytosis X, 72
in pituitary tuberculosis, 71
in pituitary tumors, 5761, 94
643
corticotroph, 47
for radiotherapy planning, 151152
for stereotactic radiosurgery, 160
gonadotroph, 43
preoperative, 94
prolactinoma, 42
in precentral stimulation, 438
in Rathkes cleft cyst, 63
in schwannoma, 70
in stereotactic cingulotomy, 228, 238
in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, 584
in subependymoma, 579
in suprasellar aneurysm, 76
in third ventricular tumors, 528
morphometric
in depression, 217
in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 214
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
in neurocytoma, 484
in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 214215
Magnetic stimulation, transcranial. See
Magnetoencephalography, in thalamocortical
dysrhythmia, 253256, 260
Mammillary bodies, anatomy of, in endoscopic
surgery, 548549
Mammosomatotroph adenoma, 2728
Manganese superoxide dismutase gene transfer,
for pain management, 430
Mania, transcranial magnetic stimulation for, 292
Mark, Vernon H., on psychiatric neurosurgery,
309310, 315
Mearns, Edward, on psychiatric neurosurgery,
311313
Medical history, in pain management, review of,
340342
Melanotropins, 2021
Melzack-Wall gate theory of pain, 328331, 451
Memory loss, in lateral ventricle tumor surgery,
523
Meningioma
intraventricular, 478, 559569
anatomic considerations in, 559560
clinical presentation of, 560561
incidence of, 559
origin of, 559560
pathology of, 560
644 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655

Meningioma (continued ) MK-801, intrathecal delivery of, 360

radiography in, 561562
Moniz, Egas, psychiatric neurosurgical
treatment of, 561568
procedures of, 182183, 185186, 190, 305306
observation in, 561, 563
options for, 561, 563 Morphine, intrathecal delivery of, 354, 358, 360
radiosurgery in, 563 clinical studies of, 383385
radiotherapy in, 563 pharmacodynamics of, 381383
surgical, 563568 side eects of, 385386
parasellar, imaging of, 6768 Morphine-naloxone test, for deep brain
Meningitis, in intrathecal medication delivery, stimulation preoperative evaluation, 391392
357358
Mortality, in lateral ventricle tumor surgery, 523
Mental status alterations, in neurocytoma, 483
Motivation, evaluation of, before pain
Metastasis management, 415
intraventricular, 478, 593606
assessment of, 599600 Motor cortex, stimulation of, 334, 437443
classication of, 593 complications of, 441
clinical presentation of, 594598 indications for, 438
diagnosis of, 594595 literature review on, 439441
histology of, 595598, 602603 mechanism of, 437438
incidence of, 593594 technique for, 438439
location of, 595598 Motor disorders, in lateral ventricle tumors, 510
metachronous presentation of, 594595
multiple, 602 Movement disorders, transcranial magnetic
outcome of, 604 stimulation for, 293
radiography in, 600602 Myoclonus, in intrathecal morphine delivery,
single, 600602 385386
surgical treatment of, 598604
synchronous presentation of, 594595
to clivus, imaging of, 78 N
to pituitary, imaging of, 71 National Commission for the Protection of
Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, in
Research, psychiatric neurosurgery and,
pain transmission, 451453
312314, 316
antagonists of, 360
Metyrapone, for Cushings disease, 8384 National Psychosurgery Advisory Board, 313315

Microadenoma, pituitary Nausea and vomiting, in lateral ventricle tumors,

imaging of, 59 510
surgical treatment of, 8992 Nelsons syndrome, in corticotroph adenoma,
Microlumina, in ependymoma, 473 3132

Microscopy, in neurocytoma, 485 Nerve(s), injury of, peripheral sensitization in, 449

Microvilli, in choroid plexus tumors, 470471 Nerve bers, sensory, physiology of, 445

Middle temporal gyrus approach, to Neural crest, congenital lesions developing from,
intraventricular meningioma, 564565 607608

Midline suboccipital approach, to intraventricular Neuralgia, occipital, peripheral nerve stimulation

meningioma, 566, 568 for, 377378

Midnight plasma cortisol measurement, in Neurenteric cyst, 613

corticotroph adenoma, 47 Neuroaugmentation. See also specic techniques.
denition of, 327
Mitotane, for Cushings disease, 142
evaluation for, 339352
Mixter, W. Jason, lobotomies by, 187 history of, 327337
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655 645

deep brain stimulation, 332334 spinal cord stimulation for, 378

early theories on, 327328
Neuropeptide FF, in antinociception, 453
gate theory, 328331
motor cortex stimulation, 334 Neuropeptide Y, in antinociception, 453454
peripheral nerve stimulation, 331 Neurotrophic growth factors, in peripheral
spinal cord stimulation, 331332 sensitization, 449450
psychologic evaluation for, 409417
Neville, Robert, on psychiatric neurosurgery, 312
Neurocircuitry models, for psychiatric disorders,
213223 Nitric oxide, in peripheral sensitization, 450
depression, 216219 NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors, in pain
obsessive-compulsive disorder, 214216, transmission, 451453
218219 antagonists of, intrathecal delivery of, 360
Neurocytoma, intraventricular, 483508 Nociception
atypical, 486487 anatomy of, 445448
clinical presentation of, 483 receptors in, 448449
epidemiology of, 476477, 483
genetic features of, 477478 Nociceptive pain, deep brain stimulation for,
imaging of, 484 391392, 395
pathology of, 477478, 484487 Nonfunctioning or nonsecreting pituitary tumors.
recurrent, treatment of, 494, 497498 See Pituitary tumors, nonfunctioning.
stereotactic biopsy in, 494
treatment of, 487504 Nonsteroidal anti-inammatory drugs, for
acute, 492 diabetes insipidus, 132
chemotherapy in, 487, 501503 Norepinephrine, in nociception, 455
follow-up in, 503504
Nose, pituitary surgical approach through, 12,
observation, 492
99100
overview of, 487492
paradigm for, 504 Nucleus raphe magnus, in nociception, 454455
radiation therapy in, 487491, 493501
Nucleus ventralis posteriomedialis, electrical
recurrent, 494, 497498
stimulation of, 389, 391393
surgical, 487494
versus ependymoma, 472 Null cell adenoma, pathology of, 3435
Neuroendoscopy. See Endoscopy.
O
Neurohypophysis
Obesity, pain management and, 342
anatomy of, 5556
histology of, 21 Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 199212
hormones of, 2122 behavioral therapy for, 200201
vascular anatomy of, 15 clinical features of, 200
diagnosis of, SPECT in, 238, 241242
Neuroimaging. See also specic techniques.
epidemiology of, 200
for psychiatric disorders, 213223
medical treatment of, 200
depression, 216219
neurocircuitry models for, 214216, 218219
obsessive-compulsive disorder, 214216,
neuroimaging in, 214216, 218219
218219
neurosurgery for
Neuroma, peripheral sensitization in, 449450 capsule anterior limb electrical stimulation,
267274
Neuronal specic enolase
capsulotomy, 204208, 219, 232233
for gene transfer, for pain management, 422
cingulotomy, 204206, 208209, 216,
in central neurocytoma, 477
225231, 238249
in neurocytoma, 485
current awareness of, 201202
Neuropathic pain eectiveness of, 207209
deep brain stimulation for, 390392, 394 history of, 202203
646 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655
Obsessive-compulsive (continued )
limbic leukotomy, 205207, 209, 218219,
232
modern procedures for, 203205
neuroimaging and neurocircuitry related to,
218219
safety of, 205207
subcaudate tractotomy, 204205, 207, 218,
231232
pathophysiology of, 226
positron emission tomography in, 226,
246248
SPECT in, 237250
diagnostic, 238, 241242
postoperative, 238241, 245249
thalamocortical dysrhythmia in. See
Thalamocortical dysrhythmia.
transcranial magnetic stimulation for, 293294
Occipital headache, peripheral nerve stimulation
for, 377378, 404405
Occipital transtentorial approach
to intraventricular meningioma, 566
to third ventricular tumors, 532, 539541
OCD. See Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Octreotide
for gonadotroph adenoma, 84
for somatotroph adenoma, 83, 140
for thyrotroph adenoma, 84
intrathecal delivery of, 361
Oligodendroglioma
versus central neurocytoma, 478
versus ependymoma, 472
Oncocytoma, pituitary, pathology of, 35
Opioids. See also Morphine.
endogenous, in antinociception, 453
intrathecal delivery of, 354, 358
Optic chiasm, anatomy of, pituitary surgery and,
17
Optic nerve, anatomy of, pituitary surgery and, 17
Orbitofrontal-subcortical connections
in depression, 216219
in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 214, 218219
interruption of, in subcaudate tractotomy, 193,
204205, 207
Orbitomedial leukotomy, for obsessive-
compulsive disorder, neuroimaging in, 218
Orbitozygomatic approach, to parasellar and
suprasellar lesions, 109114
Oxytocin, 2122
P
Pain, chronic, anatomy and physiology of,
445462
antinociception, 452454
central sensitization, 450452
descending systems, 454455
nociception, 445448
peripheral sensitization, 449450
supraspinal plasticity, 455
supraspinal systems, 454454
Pain evaluation, 339352
compensation systems and, 341, 349350
for patient selection, 339340
medical history review in, 340342
physical ndings in, 342343
prior treatment evaluation, 345347
psychologic report review in, 343345
psychosocial issues in, 347348
secondary gain and, 349
Pain management
anatomic and physiologic considerations in,
445462
compliance with, 343, 345
decision not to treat, 340
deep brain stimulation for, 389399
evaluation for, 339352
failure of, 339340, 345
in spinal cord stimulation, 377, 410
gene therapy for, 419435
intrathecal medications for. See Intrathecal
pain management.
neuroaugmentation for
evaluation for, 339352
history of, 327337
psychologic evaluation for, 409417
pain classication for, 329330
peripheral nerve stimulation for. See
Peripheral nerve stimulation.
precentral stimulation for, 334, 437443
regression of benet in, 339340, 345
spinal cord stimulation in. See Spinal cord
stimulation.
terminology of, 329330
Paleospinothalamic tract, in nociception, 447
Palliative care, for psychiatric disorders,
neurosurgery in, 316
Pallidotomy, anterior medial, for thalamocortical
dysrhythmia, 252263
magnetoencephalography with, 253256, 260
patient selection for, 252
results of, 255, 259263
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655 647

strategy for, 252253, 259 carcinoma, 627628

clinical features of, 623624
Papilledema, in lateral ventricle tumors, 510
epidemiology of, 621
Papilloma, choroid plexus hydrocephalus in, 625626
clinical features of, 623624 imaging in, 624, 626
epidemiology of, 469, 621 outcome of, 628629
imaging of, 624, 626 pathology of, 621623
outcome of, 628629 treatment of, 624628
pathology of, 469472, 621623
Pegvisomant, for acromegaly, 83, 140
treatment of, 624627
Paraplegia, in intrathecal drug delivery, 386 Pelvic pain, spinal cord stimulation for, 378

Parasellar and suprasellar lesions. See also
Pituitary tumors.
anatomic considerations in, 1617, 57
imaging of
anatomic considerations in, 5557
aneurysm, 7576
arachnoid cyst, 6364
clivus neoplasms, 7678
craniopharyngioma, 6163
empty sella, 6465
epidermoid cyst, 64
germinoma, 71
hemangiopericytoma, 6870
hypothalamic astrocytoma, 6566
meningioma, 6768
Rathkes cleft cyst, 63
schwannoma, 70
surgical treatment of
bifrontal transbasal approach to, 114119
frontotemporal transcavernous approaches
to, 109121
orbitozygomatic approach to, 109114
pterional approach to, 109111
supraorbital approach to, 119121
transcranial approaches to, 109122
transzygomatic approach to, 109111
Paresthesia, in spinal cord stimulation, 372, 377
Parietal occipital approach, superior, to
intraventricular meningioma, 565
Parietal transcortical (superior parietal lobule)
approach, to lateral ventricle tumors, 519520
Parinauds syndrome, in intraventricular
meningioma, 561
Parkinsons disease
deep brain stimulation for, 315
gene therapy for, 426
transcranial magnetic stimulation for, 293
Pediatric patients, choroid plexus tumors in,
621631
Percutaneous implantation, for peripheral nerve
stimulation, 403
Pergolide, for prolactinoma, 8182, 143
Periaqueductal gray matter. See Deep brain
stimulation.
Perineurioma, intraventricular, 478
Peripheral nerve stimulation, 401408
complications of, 406
for occipital headache, 404405
for postoperative inguinal pain, 406
for supraorbital pain, 405
history of, 331, 401
indications for, 401
mechanism of action of, 406407
open nerve dissection technique for, 402403
outcomes of, 407
patient selection for, 401402
percutaneous implant technique for, 403
spinal cord stimulation equipment for,
377378
subcutaneous, 403406
techniques for, 402
Peripheral sensitization, physiology of,
449450
Periventricular gray matter, electrical stimulation
of. See Deep brain stimulation.
Phantom limb pain, physiology of, 452
Phospholipase C, in pain transmission, 452
Phrenology, 182
Physical therapy, for pain, 340
Pia mater, variants of, 609
Pineal cyst, 612613
Pineal gland tumors. See Third ventricular
tumors.
Pituitary fossa, anatomy of, 1516
648 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655

Pituitary gland in thyrotroph adenoma, 131132, 134

abscess of, imaging in, 71 gonadotropinsecreting. See Gonadotroph
anatomy of, 5557 adenoma.
dysfunction of, after pituitary radiotherapy, growthhormone secreting. See Somatotroph
161162 adenoma.
histiocytosis of, imaging in, 72, 74 imaging of
histogenesis of, 13 adenoma, 5761
histology of, 2526 corticotroph, 47
hormones of, 1722, 2526. See also specic gonadotroph, 43
hormones. metastasis, 71
abnormalities of. See Pituitary tumors, preoperative, 94
endocrinopathies in. prolactinoma, 42
hyperplasia of, imaging in, 61 long-term management of, 167171
imaging of, 5557. See also Pituitary tumors, macroadenoma, 5960
imaging of. malignant, after radiotherapy, 162
abscess, 71 medical treatment of, 8187, 140144
histiocytosis X, 72, 74 in long-term management, 167171
lymphocytic adenohypophysitis, 7273, 75 in persistent endocrine activity, 140144
sarcoidosis, 71 metastatic, imaging of, 71
techniques for, 57 microadenoma, 59, 8992
tuberculosis, 71 nonfunctioning
versus hyperplasia, 61 classication of, 169170
lymphocytic adenohypophysitis of, 7273, 75 long-term management of, 169170
sarcoidosis of, imaging in, 71 pathology of, 3435
tuberculosis of, imaging in, 71 postoperative endocrine management in,
tumors of. See Pituitary tumors. 132133
null cell adenoma, 3435
Pituitary tumors oncocytoma, 3435
anatomic considerations in, 1123, 5557 outcome of, 167171
embryologic, 1113 pathology of, 2529
gross, 1314 carcinoma, 3637
surgical, 1517 corticotroph adenoma, 3132
vascular, 1415 gonadotroph adenoma, 34
carcinoma, pathology of, 3637 nonfunctioning, 3435
classication of, 2526 plurihormonal, 36
corticotropinsecreting. See Corticotroph prolactinoma, 2931
adenoma. somatotroph adenoma, 2629
endocrinopathies in, 4154 thyrotroph adenoma, 3233
acromegaly, 4345, 8283, 134, 139141 versus normal pituitary, 2526
Cushings disease. See Cushings disease, in persistent functional, management of,
corticotroph adenoma. 139145
gonadotrophin abnormalities, 4243 physiologic considerations in, 1722
hyperprolactinemia, 2931, 4142, 8182, anterior lobe, 1720
142143 intermediate lobe, 2021
hyperthyroidism, 4850 posterior, 2122
postoperative management of, 123138 plurihormonal, 2829, 36
acromegaly, 131, 133 prolactinsecreting. See Prolactinoma.
antidiuretic hormone abnormalities, radiation therapy for. See Radiation therapy,
123129, 132 for pituitary tumors; Stereotactic
Cushings disease, 130131, 133134 radiosurgery, for pituitary tumors.
hypopituitarism, 129130 surgical treatment of, 93107
in nonfunctioning tumors, 132133 bifrontal transbasal approach to, 114119
in prolactinoma, 131, 134 frontotemporal transcavernous approaches
in somatotroph adenoma, 131, 133 to, 109121
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655 649

in long-term management, 167170 Posterior commissure, anatomy of, in endoscopic

in persistent endocrine activity, 139143 surgery, 549
in suprasellar and parasellar region,
Precentral stimulation, 334, 437443
109122
complications of, 441
indications for, 9394
indications for, 438
lateral endonasal approach (Hirsch) to, 12
literature review on, 439441
microprolactinoma, 8992
mechanism of, 437438
nonfunctioning, 170
technique for, 438439
orbitozygomatic approach to, 109114
trial stimulation in, 439
postoperative endocrine management in,
123145 Prefrontal lobotomy, history of, 182190
preoperative considerations in, 94 Pregnancy, in acromegaly, 45
pterional approach to, 109111
stereotactic radiosurgery. See Stereotactic Preproenkephalin gene transfer, for pain
radiosurgery. management, 428429
sublabial transsphenoidal approach Preprogalanin gene transfer, for pain
(Cushing) to, 24, 7 management, 429
supraorbital approach to, 119121
transcranial approaches to, 45, 103104, Primary aerent depolarization, in
109122 antinociception, 453
transsphenoidal approach to. See Prolactin, 20, 25
Transsphenoidal approach. excess of. See Hyperprolactinemia.
transzygomatic approach to, 109111 in acidophilic stem cell adenoma, 27
thyrotropinsecreting. See Thyrotroph in mammosomatotroph adenoma, 2728
adenoma. in somatotroph-lactotroph adenoma, 27
treatment of
long-term, 167171 Prolactinoma
medical. See Pituitary tumors, medical diagnosis of, 4243
treatment of. dierential diagnosis of, 4243
microprolactinoma, 8992 endocrinopathy in, 42
persistent functional, 139145 hyperprolactinemia in, 2931, 4142
radiation therapy. See Radiation therapy, persistent, 142143
for pituitary tumors. treatment of, 8182
surgical. See Pituitary tumors, surgical imaging of, 42, 58
treatment of. long-term management of, 167168
transsphenoidal approach to. See medical treatment of, 8182, 8990, 143, 167
Transsphenoidal approach. outcome of, 167168
versus hyperplasia, 61 pathology of, 2931
persistent, 142143
Plasmacytoma, clival, imaging of, 78 radiotherapy for, 142
Plasticity, supraspinal, in nociception, 455 surgical treatment of, 90, 143
micro-, 8992
Pleomorphism, in central neurocytoma, 486487 outcome of, 167168
Plurihormonal adenoma, 2829, 36 postoperative endocrine management in,
131, 134
Polyethyleneimine, for gene transfer, 421
Proopiomelanocortin, 17, 20
Polyneuropathy, in acromegaly, 44
Proopiomelanocortin gene transfer, for pain,
Polyuria, in diabetes insipidus, after pituitary 427428, 430
surgery, 125
Prostate hyperplasia, in acromegaly, 44
Positron emission tomography
Protein kinase C, in pain transmission, 452
in neurocytoma, 484
in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 226, Proton beam radiosurgery, for pituitary tumors,
246248 154155
650 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655
Pseudorosettes, in ependymoma, 472473, 573
Psychiatric disorders
evaluation of, before pain management,
411412, 414415
in acromegaly, 45
Psychiatric neurosurgery. See also specic
procedures, e.g., Cingulotomy.
for depression. See Depression, neurosurgery
for.
for obsessive-compulsive disorder. See
Obsessive-compulsive disorder,
neurosurgery for.
for thalamocortical dysrhythmia, 251265
historical perspective of, 181197, 202203
capsulotomy, 191192
cingulotomy, 191192
early years, 181190
ethical aspects of, 303308
future techniques derived from, 193196
limbic leukotomy, 193
stereotactic methods, 190193
subcaudate tractotomy, 193
neuroimaging and neurocircuitry models for,
213223
palliative, 316
research on
ethical considerations in, 303319
regulation of, 312315
single-photon emission computed tomography
in, 237250
sociopolitical aspects of, 308312
transcranial magnetic stimulation, 283301
Psychologic evaluation, for neuroaugmentation,
409417
contraindications identied in, 413414
drug administration, 410412
factors in, 414416
instruments for, 415416
need for, 409410
personnel for, 412
procedure for, 412413
spinal cord stimulation, 410412
Psychological issues, in pain management
deep brain stimulation with, 391
depression, 348, 411412, 414415
intrathecal, 354
personal relationships, 348
preoperative psychologic evaluation,
409417
psychologist report review, 343345
return to work, 347348
substance abuse, 348
Pterional approach
to parasellar and suprasellar lesions, 109111
to pituitary tumors, 104
Pumps, for intrathecal pain management,
356359, 383384
Q
Quadrigeminal cistern, anatomy of, in third
ventricular surgery, 531
Quinagolide, for hyperprolactinemia, 8182
R
Rabies-G pseudotyped lentivirus, for gene
transfer, for pain management, 425
Radiation therapy
for choroid plexus carcinoma, 627628
for ependymoma, 576
for intraventricular metastasis, 600602
for meningioma, 563
for neurocytoma, 487491, 493501
for pituitary tumors, 147166
conformal techniques for, 151153
conventional techniques for, 149151
corticotroph adenoma, 142
ecacy of, 147149
external beam, 147153, 161162
in long-term management, 167171
in persistent endocrine activity, 140144
nonfunctioning, 170
planning for, 149
prolactinoma, 143
somatotroph adenoma, 140141, 168
stereotactic. See Stereotactic radiosurgery.
thyrotroph adenoma, 144
toxicity of, 148, 161163
for subependymoma, 583584
Radiosurgery
for intraventricular meningioma, 563
gamma knife
for neurocytoma, 498, 501
for pituitary tumors, 156161
for somatotroph adenoma, 83
linear accelerator-based
for neurocytoma, 501
for pituitary tumors, 155156
proton beam, for pituitary tumors, 154155
stereotactic. See Stereotactic radiosurgery.
Raspberry, William, on psychiatric neurosurgery
regulations, 314
Rathkes cleft cyst, imaging of, 63
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655 651

Rathkes pouch, in pituitary embryogenesis, Sensitization

1112 central, 450452
peripheral, 449450
Regulation, of neuropsychiatric surgery research,
312315 Sensory disorders
in lateral ventricle tumors, 510
Renal cell carcinoma, intraventricular metastasis
in third ventricular tumor surgery, 542
from, 595598
Septum pellucidum
Respiratory depression, in intrathecal pain
anatomy of, 511
management, 358
variants of, 608609
Respiratory disorders, in acromegaly, 44
Seroma, in intrathecal medication delivery, 358
Retroviruses, for gene transfer, for pain
Shock therapies, for psychiatric disorders, 184
management, 425
Single-photon emission computed tomography
Richardson, Alan, limbic leukotomy procedure
in depression, in vagus nerve stimulation, 279
of, 193
in neurocytoma, 484
Rosettes, in ependymoma, 473, 573 in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 237250
Rous sarcoma virus, for gene transfer, for pain diagnostic, 238, 241242
management, 422 postoperative, 238241, 245249

Ryan, J. Kenneth, on psychiatric neurosurgery, 313 Skin disorders, in acromegaly, 44

Skull base, anterior, exposure of, in pituitary
surgery, 100101
S
Sacral pain, spinal cord stimulation for, 378 Smoking, pain management and, 343

Saline solution, for antidiuretic hormone Social Security programs, for chronic pain,
inappropriate secretion, 128129 349350

Salt wasting, cerebral, after pituitary surgery, 128 Somatosensory cortex, in nociception, 448

Sandostatin Somatosensory evoked potentials, in precentral

for somatotroph adenoma, 83, 140 stimulation, 439
for thyrotroph adenoma, 144 Somatostatin, intrathecal delivery of, 361
Sarcoidosis, of pituitary, 71 Somatostatin analogues
Schizophrenia for somatotroph adenoma, 83, 140
lobotomy for, 308 for thyrotroph adenoma, 84, 144
transcranial magnetic stimulation for, 293 Somatotroph(s), 25
Schwannoma, parasellar, imaging of, 70 Somatotroph adenoma
Scintigraphy, in somatotroph adenoma, 45 acromegaly in, 4345
after pituitary surgery, 134, 139141
Secondary gain, in pain long-term management of, 168169
chronic, 349 medical treatment of, 8283
evaluation of, before management, 415 persistent, 139141
Seizures. See also Epilepsy. densely granulated, 2627
in lateral ventricle tumor surgery, 523 diagnosis of, 45
in precentral stimulation, 438, 441 long-term management of, 168169
induction of, in transcranial magnetic medical treatment of, 140, 168
stimulation, 294295 mixed cell, 2729
outcome of, 168169
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, for
pathology of, 2629
obsessive-compulsive disorder, 200
persistent, 139141
Sellar tumors, anatomic considerations in, radiotherapy for, 140141
1516, 57 sparsely granulated, 27
652 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655

Somatotroph (continued ) prolactinoma, 9091

surgical treatment of proton beam, 154155
persistent, 139140 somatotroph adenoma, 141
postoperative endocrine management in, toxicity of, 162163
131, 134
Stereotactic surgery
Somatotroph-lactotroph adenoma, 27 cingulotomy. See Cingulotomy.
SPECT. See Single-photon emission computed for pain, 328, 438439
tomography. history of, 190193

Speech disorders, in lateral ventricle tumor Stereotactic systems, in lateral ventricle tumors,
surgery, 523524 514

Spinal cord Stimulation, electrical. See Electrical stimulation.

compression of, in intrathecal medication Stroke, after pituitary radiotherapy, 162163
delivery, 358
dorsal horn of, reorganization of, in Subcaudate tractotomy, for psychiatric disorders,
sensitization, 451 193
dorsal root ganglia of, in nociception, 445446 depression, 204205, 207, 218
laminar organization of, nociception and, obsessive-compulsive disorder, 204205, 207,
446447 218, 231232
versus cingulotomy, 231232
Spinal cord stimulation, 365380
advantages of, 366 Subcutaneous implantation, for peripheral nerve
applications of, 366367, 377378 stimulation, 403406
complications of, 374377 Subdural hematoma, in third ventricular tumor
equipment for, 371372 surgery, 542
in neuropathic pain, 378
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, 470471,
in peripheral nerve stimulation, 377378
475476, 584585
failure of, 377, 410
history of, 331332, 365 Subependymal glomerate astrocytoma, 581582
lead implants in, 372374 Subependymoma, intraventricular, 578584
outcomes of, 367, 369370, 409412 asymptomatic, 579
patient selection for, 367370 clinical presentation of, 579
psychologic variables in, 409412 dierential diagnosis of, 475
screening trial in, 371 epidemiology of, 474, 578579
technique for, 370375 genetic features of, 475
terminology of, 366 pathology of, 474475, 579582
Spinal nucleus, in nociception, 447 prognosis for, 583584
Spindle cells, in subependymal giant cell radiography in, 579
astrocytoma, 475476, 584 treatment of, 583584
versus ependymoma, 472
Spinothalamic tract
interruption of, for pain, 328 Subfrontal approach, anterior, to pituitary
lateral, in nociception, 446447 tumors, 104

Stereotactic biopsy, in third ventricular tumors, Sublabial transsphenoidal approach, to pituitary

528 tumors, 24, 7, 9499
Stereotactic radiosurgery Subnucleus caudalis, in nociception, 447
for intraventricular metastasis, 601602 Suboccipital approach, midline, to
for neurocytoma, 498501 intraventricular meningioma, 566, 568
for pituitary tumors, 153161
gamma knife, 83, 156161 Substance abuse
historical view of, 6, 8 evaluation of, before pain management, 415
linear accelerator-based, 155156 treatment of, before pain management, 348
nonfunctioning, 170 Substance P, in nociception, 446, 452, 454
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655 653

Substantia gelatinosa, in nociception, 446 magnetoencephalography with, 253256,

260
Superior parietal occipital approach, to
patient selection for, 252
intraventricular meningioma, 565
results of, 255, 259263
Superoxide dismutase gene transfer, for pain strategy for, 252253, 259
management, 430 dorsomedial, for psychiatric disorders, 191
Supraorbital approach, to parasellar and Thalamus
suprasellar lesions, 119121 anatomy of, 511, 529
connections to
Supraorbital pain, peripheral nerve stimulation
in depression, 216219
for, 405
in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 214,
Suprasellar approach, to third ventricular tumors, 218219
532538 electrical stimulation of. See Deep brain
Suprasellar tumors. See Parasellar and suprasellar stimulation.
lesions. nuclei of, in nociception, 447448
ventrobasal, electrical stimulation of, 332333
Sympathetic nervous system, peripheral
sensitization in, 450 Thermal injury, central sensitization in, 450451

Synaptophysin Thermocapsulotomy, for psychiatric disorders,

in choroid plexus tumors, 470 204208
in neurocytoma, 485 Thiazide diuretics, for diabetes insipidus, 132
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Third ventricular tumors, 527545
secretion, after pituitary surgery, 126129 endoscopic resection of, 551552, 554555
hydrocephalus in, treatment of, 528
T
pathology of, 527
Talairach capsulotomy procedure, 191 radiography in, 528
Tegmentum, anatomy of, in endoscopic surgery, surgical approaches to
549 aims of, 527528
anatomic considerations in, 528531
Tela choroidea, anatomy of, in third ventricular
complications of, 542
surgery, 531
infratentorial supracerebellar, 532538
Temporal gyrus, middle, approach to, to interhemispheric transcallosal, 532, 534,
intraventricular meningioma, 564565 538539
intraoperative considerations in, 541
Temporal horn, anatomy of, 512
occipital transtentorial, 532, 539541
Temporal transcortical (middle temporal gyrus) positioning for, 533534
approach, to lateral ventricle tumors, 518519 postoperative care in, 542
Tetracycline, for gene transfer, for pain selection of, 531532
management, 422 Thirst, in diabetes insipidus, after pituitary
Thalamocortical dysrhythmia, 251265 surgery, 125
pathophysiology of, 251, 259, 262 Thyroid stimulating hormone, 19, 25
surgery for, 252263 pituitary tumors secreting. See Thyrotroph
magnetoencephalography with, 253256, adenoma.
260 preoperative management of, in pituitary
patient selection for, 252 tumors, 94
results of, 255, 259263
Thyrotroph(s), 25
strategy for, 252253, 259
Thyrotroph adenoma
Thalamostriate vein, anatomy of, 512513
diagnosis of, 4950
Thalamotomy dierential diagnosis of, 4950
central lateral, for thalamocortical hyperthyroidism in, 4850
dysrhythmia, 252263 medical treatment of, 84, 143144
654 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin 14 (2003 ) 633655

Thyrotroph (continued ) Transmaxillary transsphenoidal approach,

pathology of, 3233 102103
radiotherapy for, 144
Transorbital lobotomy, 189
surgical treatment of
persistent, 143 Transposons, for gene transfer, 421
postoperative endocrine management in,
Transsphenoidal approach, to pituitary tumors,
131132, 134
93103
preoperative management in, 94
anterior skull base exposure in, 100101
Tics, transcranial magnetic stimulation for, 293 cavernous sinus exposure in, 102
Tourette syndrome clivus exposure in, 101102
neuroimaging and neurocircuitry in, 214 combined transmaxillary, 102103
transcranial magnetic stimulation for, 293 Cushing technique for, 25, 7
Dott technique for, 57
Tractotomy, subcaudate, for psychiatric endonasal, 12, 99100
disorders, 193 endoscope-assisted, 104105
depression, 204205, 207, 218 extended, 100102
obsessive-compulsive disorder, 204205, 207, Guiot technique for, 6, 8
218, 231232
Hardy technique for, 810
versus cingulotomy, 231232 Hirsch technique for, 12
Transcallosal approaches historical overview of, 110
to lateral ventricle tumors sublabial, 9499
anterior, 520521
Transtentorial approach, to third ventricular
posterior, 521522
tumors, 532, 539541
to third ventricular tumors, 532, 534, 538539
Transzygomatic approach, to parasellar and
Transcortical approaches, to lateral ventricle
suprasellar lesions, 109111
tumors, 517520
Trichotillomania, neuroimaging and
Transcranial approaches
neurocircuitry in, 214
to parasellar and suprasellar lesions, 109122
to pituitary tumors, 45, 9394, 103104 Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus, in nociception,
447
Transcranial magnetic stimulation, 283301
animal models of, 287 Trigeminal nerve, in nociception, 446447
drug use with, 293
Trigeminothalamic tract, in nociception, 447
electrical requirements of, 285
for anxiety disorders, 293294 Tuber cinereum, anatomy of, in endoscopic
for depression, 288293 surgery, 549
maintenance, 292
Tuberculosis, of pituitary, 71
meta-analysis of, 289292
with intentional seizure generation, 294295 Tuberin, in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma,
for eloquent cortex localization, 287 476
for epilepsy, 286287, 293
Tuberous sclerosis complex, 615617
for mania, 292
subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in,
for movement disorders, 293
475476, 584585
for schizophrenia, 293
functional imaging with, 287288 Tumor(s)
high-frequency, 285286 intraventricular. See Intraventricular tumors.
mechanisms of action of, 284286 pituitary. See Pituitary tumors.
paired-pulse, 286287
repetitive, 284 U
research uses of, 286288
Ultrasonography, in lateral ventricle tumors, 514
safety of, 286
versus electroconvulsive therapy, 287289, Urinary free cortisol test, in corticotroph
291292, 294 adenoma, 46
 Cumulative Index / Hand Clin N Am 14 (2003 ) 633655 655

V Vesiculostomatitis virus, for gene transfer, for

Vagus nerve, electrical stimulation of pain management, 425
clinical applications of, 280 Vimentin
for depression, 275282 in choroid plexus tumors, 470
anatomic considerations in, 275 in ependymoma, 473
clinical trials of, 276
long-term results of, 278279 Viral vectors, for gene transfer, for pain
mechanism of action of, 277, 279280 management, 421425
open-label study of, 277278 Visual disorders
placebo-controlled study of, 278279 after pituitary radiotherapy, 162163
practical considerations in, 280281 in lateral ventricle tumor surgery, 52
preclinical investigations of, 275276 in neurocytoma, 483
Valentine, Elliot S., on psychiatric neurosurgery, in prolactinoma, 29
312 in third ventricular tumor surgery, 542

Vascular proliferation, in central neurocytoma,

487 W
Watts, James, psychiatric neurosurgical
Vasopressin. See Antidiuretic hormone.
procedures of, 185187, 189
Vein of Galen, anatomy of, in third ventricular
Weinberger, Lawrence M., on ethics of
surgery, 531
neuropsychiatric surgery, 306
Velum interpositum, anatomy of, in third
Wide dynamic range cells, in nociception,
ventricular surgery, 531
446447
Ventricles, tumors in. See Intraventricular
Withdrawal reactions, in intrathecal pain
tumors.
management, 359
Ventriculoscopy. See Endoscopy, in
Work, return to, after pain management,
intraventricular surgery.
psychosocial issues in, 347348
Ventriculostomy, third, endoscopic, 551552
Workers compensation systems, pain
Ventroposterior nucleus, in nociception, 447 management and, 341, 349350