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jq
ISSN : 0971-8729
&d+sT 2015
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d+b<&T : w| eTVeT< e-mail : yojana_telugu@yahoo.co.in
e-mail : yojana.telugu@nic.in
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jq 2015 &d+sY 3
jq
ISSN : 0971-8729

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E-mail: kgsaxena@mail.jnu.ac.in; kgsaxena@gmail.com

jq 2015 &d+sY 5
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jq 2015 &d+sY 7
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k~+q $j\ \\qT 17 |sesD esT\H$ {. |sesD esT\T eseq <X\T, n_e~ #+~q
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2015`30 H{ d + | P s + > k~+#&+ nH~ n+<] \ + nsTTq|{ |ue+ #|sTT { n+srjT
k~+#*q \\T> s d$T @$<+ > \\qT k~+#\H $wjT yT d + +< < \ y T q n+X + >
s ++~(| { 2). | s es D u < _ bj \T HsTT. ks q es& &T ke, ], |sesD
d++~+ dVk_ \ eTTK+> y<+ >\ |]cs\qT d+#&+ n_e`~ \\ k<q + dbjTyTq
=$T~ n+X\qT, n> |sesD, ], >\ k+ |]$TT\T, eqsT\ \u s#sDqT sd d\, Bs \+
ke d e Td \ q& T eT n+ s |< q nes<\T> HsTT. dV s b<, n+srjT n_e~ \\qT
d++< ]w+> >T]+#&+ ]+~. neX\ <s < T \T d M T ] + uE ydTe& <V< |&T+~.
sq <Zs\ $&T<\qT n]&+, ksTT s#sD <s n+<] dTds _e~ n+X+ m+ $ksy T q ~ >
| s es D d e Td \ qT+ |< \ qT | j q+ * +# & > |sesD esT e+{ m+ wyTq
>f+#&+, u |]\ yesD+| u>ke\qT < +#sT. +<T # deTdqT m<Tse& n+<TuT
sq <Zs\ |uy Z+#&+ e+{ <VsD jTTmH`sY& seT+. k< yTq + yTq |]cs\qT mTe+{
VQeTTK #s\qT |sesD esT\qT seT+ +< n_e~ #+~q <X C|+ +& n+~|#Te&+ neds+ .
m<Tse& |]cs\T> >T]+#&+ |\ n&e\ |]sD, <s sq m| { | & T | * \qT > e Td
]+~. <X\ q&TeT, <ojT+>q <Zs\ s<+ <s <jTesZ+ nqTuy\qT { = k+\ =
n_e~ k<q d]deqqT k~+#&+
L& dTds_e~ eTTKyTq n+X+> #bsT. n&e\T u d+sD <s m+ |]cs\qT y&+ <s eyT
L& s Xj {> >T]+#&+ yTs sq <Zs\qT d]d yTs deTdqT m<Ts>\+.
]+~. j <X\ |\ n_e~ #+~q
|{ 2. 2000`15 H{ s+q m$T~ dVk_ \\T(m+&), <qT>TD+> 2015`30 ds\ @s]q 17 dTds_e~ \\T
dVk_e~ \\T (2000`2015) dTds_e~ \\T (2015`30)
1. { |<], * 1. |<] s|e|&+
s|e|&+ 2. * s|e|&+
2. ksq+> b<$T $< n+~+#&+ 3. $<\q deq+, d$T[ \\T k~+#&+
3. *+>deqqT bV+#&+, eTV 4. *+>deq k~+#&+
k~s |<], * s|e|&+ 5. <X\ q&TeT, <ojT+>q ndeq\qT Z+#&+
4. X eTsD\qT n]&+ 6. s> Jeq|eD\qT n+~+#&+, d+e k~+#&+
5. eX s>de\T
6. V#YM/msTT&, eT]j
s y<T\| bsT
7. |sesD dTdsqT b&&+ 7. d+|Ps >T { d<Tbj\ \q, >T{ jeq+, n+<] b]X<+
8. #>, deTse++>, dTds <THq X eqsT\qT n+<] n+<TuT e&+
9. dTds, d$T[ e~ |\+<] u>keTT\qT #d, d+|Ps b~ \q k~+#&+
10. |{wyTq eT*edT\qT ]+, dTds, d$T[ b]X$TsDqT, = $wsD\qT
bV+#&+
11. q>s\qT, |\qT d]deq+> dTds, s #s\T #|&+
12. dTds <, $j> bV+#&+
13. jTTmHm|tdd bs+ |+<\ nqT>TD+> D+ |sesD esT\qT
m<Ts=H+<T #s\T #|&+
14. dTds_e~ <V<|& eTVdeTT<\T, deTT< T\T, eqsT\qT |]s+#&+
15. u>[ |sesD eed\ |]sD, |qsT<sD, dTds $j> bV+#&+,
n&e\ |]sD, m&sD, uks+ >TZ<\qT n]{ Jey$< b&&+ .
8. ||+# u>ke\ &T 16. X+jTT, d$T[ deC\ &T n+~+#&+, n+<] HjT+ n+<
#&&+, d+k>+> yTsT>q eed\qT @sT #dTe&+
17. dTds_e~ ~X > u>ke\qT |qsT+ #jT&+ bT, \\ neT\T
$<H\qT deTse++ #jT&+

jq 2015 &d+sY 9
eTqT>& eTT|
ne>Vq

d+u+ Jey$
< +

b
k+< s +, b <e <e& n<X Vk\ ds
|]De\ u$wY |jH\ <c eTq | B k+< s u ] + >
y{ eT+ C&+q eTq |P\ qedT+~. <e =* ds q<T\T
< s < w H q T s d T e+ q+< k> s \esTT. < e
qeTd]dTHqT ` eTV >+B sTqe X+ dsT&T |X+
usrjT d+d> |sesD #+<T&T. #+<T&T yH \ $sk&T .
$\Te\ | eTs d+dr b<q q\T eT+{sTT. |c\T
||+#+ 18 |<q e< #b*. usrjT d+d $dksTT. ds u>yqT& =*
sD\ jeY $X+ |\+
Jey$< b+ s+&T |sesD u< n+sZ+> +
u$T *> =\TksT. eTw #d bT+~. >T; s\ n+#Tq dTes
eTq <X+ HsTT. es+ +TqTT+~.<e dH
Jey$<+ sD+>H n se\T |\|<+ e&
ue os<+ m+H nedseT \\ dsdeTjT+.
Vs #+ dCe> n+<yTqe Jey$<u]yT
usrjT d+d u$ksT. n
sT>TT+~. | jT{ + \ T | P s e & u e +{sTT. Jey$<+ >T]+ eTs
n+srjT | od T \T ned s e T u $k s T . e #b\+f uMT< q
d+sD d+d |+#uq X+, >*, n, nHH Je CT\ (+Te\T,
(jTdmH) ||+# \eTT, u$T d$T[ Jeq $<H e \T, d Je\T) d e V s +
y|+> JesX\ <s+> +{jT n+{sT. | qT|syTq, CT\ |syTq
eTqT>&| y~qT b y$< n_e]+# y$<+ < { <V<
|#T]dT+~. B |s+ y<+ > sT> < |s=+{sT. n+<T |&T, eTB]+#T+ e~
|jT uMT< qT+& < HjT&T esTD <e&T. sT> <+ #+<TsTT. H\|H , \+|H , >*
140 CT\ n+]+ | m+ |se <T+ > e]+#&+ $$< Je CT\T mH s\T>,
]+~: eT s + _ q + | s es D
bTqT \Tk+~. deTT\+ n\ss& Je y$ < +>
b k+<s + <e<e& _sT . |\TksT . u MT< Jy b< +

& $ |, |d&+{, f\J, m&TwH, ]dsY n+& ]V_*fwH |sY ~ msHyT+{ (TERRE)
email: aptevh@gmail.com

10 jq 2015 &d+sY
eV+#< Je y$<+> #|e#T. #T# d T +f n~ Jey $ < , bTHsTT. |e<s C_
||+#+ yTTs MT< usY Je JesX\T eTT|> y{\TT +~. n+]+bTq Je CT\ d+K
y$<+ m+ $ks+> +T+~. yes D + e# es T \T |]b+~. <X+ |< q+> eT&T
+<T ||+#+ 18 |<q Je Jey$< |u$+ #ksTT. B Je y $ < b+\THsTT. s
y$< b+ s+&T eTq <X+ < T w ]eD\T eqe J$ + | b+\ b*d n& Je CT\T
HsTT. n+<T { |eT qTeT\T |d]ksTT. nsTT Jey$<+ @ deT~> eTqT>& kdT+ {sTT. sT
>, s +&e~ sT Ve\j\T. |sesD $<T\ eT<dT+< y{ Ve\j\T, n+&eH, usY
b++ nM esD m+ <+ >, bT yesD esT\ q $<+ > Be\T, |eT qTeT\T Je y$<
y$ < |P]+> + mH n+<\ b es D es & u]+> +{sTT. nsTT eT&T
n\]d T + ~. eqe d + e <V<|&TT+~. eTq+ ed+# b+ L& Je y$ < + q
Jey$<+ neds+ m+>H +< u $T mH, mH $+ $+ n+<\ +~. n& e \qT HX q +
#b*. Jey$<+ sD+>H Vs n\ssTT+T+~. # j T & + bT yes D +
#+ dCe> sT>TT+~. |+ ||+ #+ 17 <X Jey$ < + d+u$dTq esT\T B sD+
eqe\ Jey$ < + sD+> HsT > eT]+ y$<u]+> +T+~. neTHsTT. n e ee~H
mH |j CH\T #L sTsTT. ||+ # b+H mH JeCT\T, e\T, y~ ms\ nM b++ HXq+
y|+> ] eed q\u X +Te\T eTq>& kdTHsTT. ne+~. B+ b+ Je sX
| eqsT <s+> HsTT. b++ J$ J$dT+<+f < \ |e<+ |&T+~. nM
Jey$< d+s+#&+ <s Vs yesD+, u>[|s y T q yk\ b+ HX q + # j T & +
u< @s&TT+~, ] |s> bT V s \u L & yesD+ esT\T d+u$ dTH sTT.
k<eTeT+~, qq Ww<\qT sDeTeT+~. <VsD uMT< |*+>, yesD esT\ |*+>
|&+ bT, y< s+>+ n y>+ > |]> > * > sT >& |]> d+u$+# |]De\qT m<Tse&+
|s> L& ks+ neT+~. nsTT y T < q b+ H J$d T + ~. Je y$< d+sD \+> e]+~.
es T T q yes D es T \ yesD+ sT J$ nqTL\+> yesD esT\T, yesD ds[
nqT>TD+> Jey$ < d+s+ #&+ +T+~. n > n]{ < e e+{e eqe, b sb\
eTq+ $|\+ neTH+. n+<TH yesD+H < e| m\T>T J$dT+ ~. sD+> |sT>TTq c> e\q
u MT< Jes eTqT>& | + >H, |u$+ neTHsTT. ^H Vdt
| jT{ n+srjT |
|s+ >H sDeTeTq Jey$ < +, yj T Te\ s D +> X s y > + >
d+sD d+d (jTdmH) ||+#
yesD esT\| H&T ||+# |sT>TTq > y]+> L& B
y|+> Je sX\ eTqT>&|
y|+ > re +<q e+ ne+~. eT]+ <V<|& T +~. b]X$TsD ,
y ~ q T | # T ]d T + ~. n+< T
yesD esT\T, Je y$ < + |sd s \Tw+, nM s\q e+{ y{
n+]+bsTTq CT\T, n+]+
<s\q $wj H&T Xgy\T > y]+> eT]+ |sT>T+~. BH
bTq CT\T, eTq>& |e<+ |&
>T]+#sT. yesD esT\ n+{+.
CT\T, |e<s |]dT J$dTq
nsTT j eY u # ] JeCT\T, s >Tsq CT\ m+<T+f ^HVdt yjTTe\T
>eTd... #] b&eH b >T]+ |s=+T+~. B |s+ jT{ yesD+ $&T<q|&T n
esT\T nH+ ]>sTT. |*+> uMT< qT+ 140 CT\T n+]+ $&T<q yjTTe\ us+, |]$T
u MT< mH JeCT\T ne]+#&+ , b T qT \ Tk + ~. yk\T $T+#&+ n$ u $T |]\+|H w
n+]+#&+ L& ]bjsTT. e&+ bT y e+{ ~s ydT+{sTT. n+|&T ds
| |s+> esT\T Xsy>+> sD\ mH CT\T n+]+ sD\T u$T |] q|&T

jq 2015 &d+sY 11
yjTTe\T dss >VksTT. yes D + |s T > T T q s H 2. e * & +&
B+ > y]+> |sT>TT+~. &j& X |]$T+ #jT&+ JesX\T n~ *& b+\
>& q 150 d+es 0.85 d*jTdt k<+ neT+~. B+ yesD y| eTs\TsTT.
&^\ c> |]+~. deTT< eT{\T esT\T jT+D eksTT. |>, 3. |eT qTeT |s b+
|]>sTT. Xsy > + > eT+#T bs\T ] |sesD deTse++> d+sd +& n& e \T H e T~> > &
seTHsTT. <VsD eT b+ |]> b<\T b+\T> esTsTT.
yesD esT, Je y$ < eT< e+{ $ yes D es T \ s D +>
nqTd+<q+: d+u$+# es<\T, TbqT\ & 4. es\T se \+ |s>&+
n&T+{sTT. n& e \T > \ & neX\T
yesD esT\T Je y$< eT]+ |sT>TsTT. B+ nM
| u $ + # k j T q& nH usr j T | ] d T\T: $ds+ eT]+ >TZT+~.
<VsD\THsTT. $TjT+ m us<X+ Je y$<+| yesD Jey$<+| |ue+ #|+#
d d y T n+# H | s + X _ esT\T *+# |uy\T: $$< #< X yesD esT
n+ Je y$ < + Xsy > + > HXq+ 1. eekjT+, s>+, nM, eT* s+& kH $Ts#&+. +~ sU
e& yesD+ esT\T |< q ks\ \q| |L\ |u e+ + <s >V+#>\sT.
sD+> *+~. yesD esT\
2. 21 X_ e] H{ <X+
sD+> Je y$<+ d+u+
c> 3 qT+ 4 &^\ d*jTdt
| & + ~. B+ JesX \T e T

s\ d>T |ue+
yk\qT esTe&+, Jeq #+ |sT>TT+~.
e]be&+, d]= u \\qT 3. e], ><TeT ~>T& >TZT+~.
deTTb]+#T e&+ sT>T+~. es\ rs T es T T +~. =
n+srjT Je y$< d<dT \\ b+ sTe deTj es\
yTs b esD, eT+ { rs T q T\T es sTT. eT<
eqsT\T, deTT< |sesD d+sD us+ esb+ |sT>TT+~.

sH&& |sT>T<\
u $j> esT\T
m+ \yT q $. qT|s+ >, C Xq u s + es b + yesD esT\T

yesD esT\T
| s + > HX q eTe T q JesX \ > T Z T +~. B+ nM, q \e&+
d+sD, |sesD d+sD L& |# <q+ esT edT+ ~. >+>,
+<T \yT + ~. |sesD esT\| c , ><e] q< T es + yesD
||+ # d<d T L& n+srjT sH me> sTdT+~. yTT+> #d eqy_e~,
#+|, <qT+ yesD esT\| 4. > + >qB | ] yV | eT esTTq n\yT re +<q
@s& |ue+| +<q y*T+~. b+ es+ ]d sE\ d+K *dTHsTT. &+s\ b+&
$Tj T + & e \|t y T +{ \ \ ZbjT neX+ +~. n k<sD+> J$d, uMT< s
u MT< eqy[ eTqT>& nedsy T q ,
usY nM b+\| yesD Je CT\ eTqT>& <V<|& *. <
$ksyTq b eed\ d+sD eTq Jeq eT++ y*. nsTT eTq+
esT |ue+:
L& \yT+~. u MT< q s Je sX\ >T]+
Je y$<+ yesD esT\ 1. | # < q + es T \ s D +> eT]b, y{ HXq+ #jT&
sD+> |& |L\ |uy\qT | eT q TeT nH nM |jTd dMT| u$wYH ny eTq
j T d T + ~. JesX \ yk\T C T\T s T y| > yk\qT eTqT>& eTT|> essTT.
d + s + # & + , | qs T < ] +# & + @s s T# T e& + y TT< \ e T+~.

12 jq 2015 &d+sY
|>ejT+
b<q+

]_e~ ` yesD esT ej\T


]_e~ n+f @$Tq<| ] Xgy\ eT< qksTT @_bjT+
e~ $e]+# nHH d<+\T @s&+ \+X\T. ]_e~ qT+
(e\dt, beD, e]dT, d{ n_e~ |jT dTds y | <w eT&
$TwH e+{$) eTe+T ne>Vq ~ &&+~. n> dTds n_e~
*+#sTT. ]_e~ s]+# d]= s#H\T sb+<&+ q ~
neTTKyTq n+X$T{... ]_e~ ||* ++~. dTds n_e~ s
n+#H yd+<T |< q =\< $ T{? d$T q s#q+ (UNDP 1995)
]_e~ k<q dV eqsT\ b, $d |#s+ +~. n<$T+f...
y|\e\ re eTT|qT |X\{ y_e&+ < ese q neds\qT rs~, u$ ws \T
m<TsqTq 20 <X k| @ s+ >q = esZ\T e. e T d j ed s \T rs T > \
usY { >, 80 X+ Hu, eqe eT\<q+, ke keTs + sJ|& ~> +&*. n>
Hu |u$eTe+~. eT\<q+, eqsT\ \u, k+ u $ w T m< T > T < \ , n_ e ~ |
|]Cq+, d+d\ T, sj ] eed n+# H \ d V eqs T \qT
2050 H{ e > s \ ] _ e ~ ns + d+s+#+~>q +&*. @&<
deTT<eT{\T |s>&+ e\ #dTe&+ |<H+X\T. nsTT, sd$T y~+q dTds _e~
\ eTV q>sq n_ e ~ | b q T ns + \ (SDG)\ rsq+ yesD esT
#dTH+<T yesD esT z \ L& |]>Dq rdTy\
, eTT+u\ d, eTTKyTq n<q| D C&++~. dw+ #d+~. yesD esT\qT
bDqw eTT| n~+. | + yes D es T , < m<Ts=q& D #s \T rdTy\
n> c> |L\ |u y d++~+ = nk<sD s ++~.
e\ ]X <| \ D \T +< T <V < | & s TT. mdt&J yesD \\
yesD esT\ XdjTqT yTT<{~ ... n <X | $|T \ qT,
|ue+ |&TT+~. eT]+ yTsT>Z ns+ #dT e&+, u yesD d++~ |e<\qT BT>
|+ <Tw]De\| >& q <X+ m<Ts>\, d]+#>\ keTs

|Ps$T <dt>Tb, V&, msHyT +{ mH$T jT{, Hd { |t mH$T >Y, &


E-mail: purnamita.dasgupta@gmail.com
jq 2015 &d+sY 13
|+ #dT y*. ydy nH eed |> nes<\esTT. n+#H H{ |+ ~>T& 51 X+<
\\T yesD+ n+q+> y d T q eTT| \ = d M T| |&b T+< n+#H. s , <D ,
eTT&|& q$ e&+ dV eqsT\ u $ w T H (d T es T 2040) s T u s b+ n sY ,
d T d s $j > + , d + s D nqTue + eksTT. eT]= Bs \+ @|`>dT, e]`pH H\ e]
| \ T| d T H sTT. eqe d e s (<<| 2100) d+u$ ksTT. es< |+ m~><X| c> |L\
XjTdT| #q n_e~ ~X> eTT|, d++~ qc\ <c #d, |ue+ #|+~. B| {e*
yTq #s>q B |s=qe#T. y| \e\ re eTT|qT m<TsqTq n< jTq+ |s+ 2050H{ Vs
| + > |]o*+#>\ , |u e+ #|>\ 20 <X usY { >, 80 X+ < H\ ~> T & 18 X + y T s
yesD esT\| {e* n< jTq Hu |u $eTeT+~. 2050 |&b T+< n+#H (<dt>T b 2013).
|* \qT n+s |uT du eT+&* H{ deTT<eT{\T |s>& + e\ \ yTT+MT< #d, yesD esT
(IPCC) q y~ +++~. eTV q>sq , eTT+u\ d, |ue+ $d ksTT +T+<,
| | + # y | + > n b+\ L bDqw eTT| n~+ . n> c> >DjT ] us+ y|T+<
yesD esT dy $dTsTT+< |L\ e\ ]X < | #| e#T. d+ue eTT|qT |u $+
n+<T |s=+~. |{ |e< |ue+ |&TT+~. n> e&< #d n+X\T, n$ d+u$+q|&T
#sT eyq deC\T, |sesD eed\ eTsD\ d+K L& |sT>TT+~. reqT Z+#& rdT=H #s\T
u$ wT |L\ |]De\T eT]+ |<q+> sD, eekjT s+> eTT| ksTT |u $+ #ksTT. d+ue
n~+> +{jT V#]++~. |#dysT me deTjT+ m+& eTT|qT |u $+ #d$ V] >V
| eqsT\| <s|&q >MTD +&*q+<Te\ y] eTT| n~+ > <Zs\T (^H Vdt >ddt) >, y{
|<\T, n dT |sesD eed\ T, +T+~. M{bT ;#Y, |s b+ reqT +Z #& rdTH #s \
CT\T C_ HsTT. b |s s+>\|H +& eT]j, eTT| qT m< T s=H keTs
eTT| |]eD+ b+, s+>{ &jT ]j e+{ y<T \T |* s> |+# T e& e Tq~ eTT| k s TT
n eqT+ n+ n~+> s+>+MT< L& |u e+ |&T T+~. Z+#>\<T. $j> $<H\T,
+T+~. <VsD c> &^ yesD esT\e\ usY | Hu |sT>T<\, k+` $Cq+
|]H deTT< |>&| ~\ ] |ue+ >DjT+> +T+~. n+<TuT, eed keTs\T e+{$
eTT| n~k sTT +T+~. nsTT, m+<T+f... |]dT\qT T>\ eTT|qT T>\ keTs, reqT
c> s +&T &^\esL |]q |+\ keTs + eksTT +&+, us Z+#>\ X |u$+ #ksTT.
~>T&| d>T <Twue+ # u >[ k q +, |< d + K q yes D es T | | d +< q qT
b+ V#TksTT #s< T . JeHb~ | eqsT\| <s|& +, s ] +# & eqs T \ {sTT+|
dj K+&+ y{\>\e eekjT+| |u e+ ~s\T +<T b<q+ ]| s y T q sj ,
>T]+q eT&T |< q $|T \ eT* sDeTesTT. >* c> |s>& + ] $<q |s D \T \+. d+ue
d<T bj\ es<e TT| n~+ . n> e\ Vs<H\ <, Vs eTT| \ q ys D , d s
JeHb~ , yk\ L Be\ u<| |& |ue+| n<jTH\ | d +< q \ ej n+# H
|e<yT . c> d++~ eTsD\, <s+> ] |ue+ re| yjT &eTq~ sj |< q+.
sTe d++~ Vs, { =s n+#H se#T. Cq |+ ~>T& yesD esT d++~ ]
<]rjTe#T. | + > #_... yesD 2020H{ 2 qT+ 14 X+< ej\qT _qs\T> |]>D+ #e#T.
d++~ $|T \ | |dT ne>VqqT Z b T +< , >< T eT n + y| ] eed | |L\ |u y\T,
{ $$< s+>\T, b+\ e~| nqT L \y T q d + < T `> + > y T < q qc\qT C>> n+#H yj*.
n$ |L\ |u e+ #|, us ] b++q ~>T&T\T D d 2050 eTsy| qc\qT +Z #& q

14 jq 2015 &d+sY
#s \T, sb\T #| & + d+ KsT < , eqsT\T, `$j>\ \ueTjT n+#H u ed+
#j *q nedse T +T+~. nsTT, X* ~s esT\T <+ e& +~. k++X\ eTT&|&q
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16 jq 2015 &d+sY
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e\ >jT, yesD esT\ |]X<q d+d, q &. E-mail: maltigoel2008@gmail.com

jq 2015 &d+sY 17
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d + e s\ es | < s \ qT yesD+ \e+& \ #jT &+ d + j > + e+{ | < T \qT
bsyjT&+ reyTq deTd> |j+#& XX dsD ne\+_ksT . n~ c>, n~
esTT+~. +&*. d]+q dz2qT |]\ &\ *q s u>TZ|\TdT

20 jq 2015 &d+sY
yjTTeqT d]+#&+ +f u>TZqT | j +# | j T \T $< T Y y|+> u ksTT |j>\T
\eTT+< d]+#& b<q+ s>s\ nqTe]+qf |]XeT\ #|{sT. deTT<| u\+ n&T>Tq
k s T . u> T Z *q nq+ s + L& +{sTT. b]X$T es\T, q X j \ d z 2 qT
d]+#&+ nH~ e] |ejT+. V| T u>TZ|\TdT yjTTe u<|s#&+ $jTe+yTq =*
+<T b>T|&q yjTTe qT+ dz2 >V \T> | j > | & T T qT bC> d|qsY (Sleipner), Hs
qT ysT #ksT. nyTH <] dz2 sTEee+~. { |+<q+s sTEe #d+ ~. 1996 qT+ | @&~
d+>V D |< T \ skjT $u qqT \+ s H s V DqT y T { qT d z 2 qT \eD
n_e~ #jT&+ ]+~. u bV+#+<T q k+qT CXj\ |yX|{sT. *jT+,
ksTT sV+#&+ e\ $<TY KsT n_e~ #jT&+ neds+. y T ^w j T + d * q T y T ^w j T +
<<| s+&+\T neT+~. qT, (3) u>[ dz2 qT ysT#jT&+ : KC\T> es > \ neX
s q d s D V DT bs \ T u>TZ|\TdT yjTTeqT u nZ s ( Basaltic Rocks )
(beT] yT+uH), u >V\T, |]\+| ysT #jT&+ |<q+> Je n+~dTHsTT. u>s |<X\
yeTq H[\T e+{ s |jT\qT d++< |jT . n&e\T, #T, |+\T, dz2 qT n+ w <X u <|s T ksT .
n_e~ #jT&+ neds+. eT{ n+{ L& sH dMTsD eTTK+> n~ 304.1 c>qT,
\T T q| & T u> T Z | \Td T s T > T T +~. d z 2 =f \ T> 73.8 us & k~+q d
yj T TeqT d ] +# + < T s +& T |] ksTT. |dT + yTT\ eT]+ sT>TT+~. | u>[ yesD+
k+\ neX\T HsTT ` sDq d+j> jT dsD+, _qyT+ ~, u >s + dz2 qT u <|] #
1. |] d+w (d|sY { ), n+ <T |]CqyTq Z, s n< jTH\ jes\J n< jTq+
|] d+w u>TZ <Vq |jT\T. H V & { m+C y T {*dt q T neds+ neT+~. |dT+ n<jTq+
+<T keTs + me eT]jTT |j+ d |<T\ <s dz2 #jT&TTq $$< s\ +~+#
#d deTjT+ jT{ $&T<\ qT ysT #d+<T sY& |j>X\ $<H\ u d] Xd
njT dz2 >TZT+~. 2. |s>eT \q, jTe]{\q |]X<q \T (Stratigraphic) +<q+, KC\
k+ \ T n+f eT +< q k> T T HsTT. b Xk \ +~+#&+, u`skjTH\ \sTT,
<V H\T, skjT #T\T e+{$ |P |s>eTq+ #T#dT=, u>TZ|\TdT new yjTTe\ \sTT HsTT.
>dt k+<yTq dz2qT n~+> yjTTe dsD+ qq |<T\qT | * | + | + q d z 2 C& \ qT
#ksTT. n+ |] d+w n+~dTH sTT. n&e\ |+|+ bT Bs\+ \TdTH+<T, dTs+>
usTT\s d+ ke n_e~, eT ;& T u eTT\ | qs T < s D <s u<|]#+<T 3 u+| d++<
+<q <Vq k+ $T+ >* u>TZ|\TdT yjTTeqT u$T ~>Teq, n< j T H\T =qk+# + < T
qT+ bDyjTTeqT ysT #d+<T |]\+|H L& ysT #jT>\ nedsy T q |< T \qT n_e~ #j *q
njT KsTqT Z+# ~X> |]X<q keTs+ +~. ~ |sT>TTq sH neds+ +~.
sT>T+~. es &&>\<T. (5) dz2 qT ysT#jT&+ <s X
(2) dz2 qT ysT #jT &+, b]X$T (4) u>s+ dz2 qT +~+#&+ +<H\T :
$<TY : u >s + dz2qT #TsT>q, eT]+ #eTTsT d+
yTT+ <Zs\ b]X$T |s+ >q +~+#&+ | |]X<q \ D+q #eTTsT \ dz2 qT
s+>+ .V#Y. <Zs\ 37% |jT \T sT>TTHsTT. u>T|Z \TdT | + | & + <s d z 2 qT y s T # d
<V<+ #dT+~. ||+# y|+> yjTTeqT q \eD Xj\, |jT ] j>yV \_dT + ~.
nsTTq $<TY |]XeT\T 40 KC\T, s L& u<|s#e#T. dz2 <Zs\qT +Z , q |s\
X + $j +# T +{sTT. u>T|Z \TdT yjTTeqT u <|s # & e Tq~ yes D + | + | & + d +
u>TZ|\TdT yjTTeqT d]+, + |<sq ksTTH +~. ||+#
sTysTT 30e |...
jq 2015 &d+sY 21
deTHjT+
| yd+

$X esD |+<+ ` deT<s +


||+ #+ H&T m<Ts=+Tq |< q j T ++# & + \ +> eTT+< T
dy yesD esT H~ ~+<T z ne>Vq @sT
n+< ] * d + < . d e Td re #dT =H n+X n +, <d+
dw+>H \Td +~. eTTK+> s T > T T q | j T \T | {
n_ e ~ # + ~q < X \ # + ~q yes D + ns s V + , e<
y T < e\T, s j T | e TTKT\T, |jd>H $T neX\T me>
b]X$T d + d \ d \ V <s T \T, | d T H sTT. C , yes D
{e* \+ n_e~ de+ #eTD q |<q es T d + +~ + q | { eTq
#+~q <X\T eTs = e\ >\ +<\T deTd| ne>Vq 1992 ]q yesD
b& ne\+_dTHsTT. ke<q yU\T> HsT. nsTTH, esT| $~$<H\ s d$T
n<$T+f, sTe, n+X+| $Xy|+> ns=s>H d<dT (jTTmHm|tdd)H s|\q
u<\q n <X\ +< q \T qy < T ne T HsTT. ]+~. d<dT $~$<H\qT
yes D es T d + +~ + q Kss T # j T >, n ~ < X \T
deq+> <Tw]De\qT m<Ts=H ~X> V+> n+<T #ssTT. +es
|+#Ty*+<q! ksTTHH ]w #s\qT CrjT u>H H, $~$<H\ neT\T
<X+ ks+ sH ksTTq, n+srjT |]~q $wjT +, ]w #s \qT rdTe&+
&{ y&d n~ s rdTy*q neX $y+ q @ #sD deTd\T sTT. deTd
<X\ n+<TuT qf. sjT |eTTKT& s]+#&T. m&Tq<H~ >V +#&+ |< w+ <T.
{, Bs* \\qT #s \ dVT, s| m +&\H~ n+X+ ]+ eTT& +&+
| <XeT |{+#*. |dd (+sY >esyT+ bH deTd d+w+ #dTq~.
qsTT HjT+> eT H eT{ #+C) {e* < n+#H H|<+ nd\T ^HVdt
y{ +< n+<Ty*q y ~ (@sY m dt ) d V q nH yj T T <Z s \ d e Td qT
y~ $<|]+~. m<Ts=q&+ eT\ +<T\qT
&{qT n~ T+~.
^H V dt yj T T <Z s \qT & =+H |k$+#Ty*. <<|

{. jTseTH, b|dsY, {{ ke n<jTH\ d+d, eTTsu.


E-mail: tjayaraman@tiss.edu

22 jq 2015 &d+sY
150 d+es\ + b]X$T k| ^TssTT> +&\H ~X> d++~+q n+Xq &T
$|e + + ~. eTqTw\T n|{ eT H& T d + | ~ +| \T y > + y\ n_e~ #+~q <X\..
neds\ d+ n~ u>+ |+E=HsTT. eTTK+>, n_e~ |+<+ $T> ] >{>
+<H\ MT< <s|&ysT. #+~q, #+<TTq <X\ eT< H{ d d T H sTT. nsTT , yd e +
Be\ ^HV dt yjTTe |< qyTq ~ |dT q ndeq\ |eD+ < e n + eTq
nsTTq sH&j& |< mTq |d] neTq~. < $wj d u< \ qT+N m | +#Ty*,
y\Te&~. |&T n <T, <T jTmHm|tdd d+ dw+ #d+~. sTe m e~*+#Ty\
k+ n+<TuT e+~. eT\ us <s<+> |+|D e y T n_ e ~ # + ~q < X \T
s eqe s b\ #j\ |s=+~. eseq, u$s\ dTH sTT. ||+ #+ | eTTK+>
d + | q]j > +< H \qT d + $Xes D d u < X \T n_e~ #+<TTq <X\ | eT
$j+#TH M\T+~. nsTTq|{, |]s+#T rs\ jTmHm|tdd >\ sy\ qT+ |+#Ty\
yesD esT jT++#&+ d+ |+<+ ] 3.1 |s=HsT. #dTH sTT. <d+ n+sZ , VsZ
me] y s T > y j *q u s + n< deTjT+ j <X\ >\ _q d+|~+|\ deTjT+ dsX\qT
$wjT+ H{ n |]dT u< \T, keT |]>Dq rdT=, @+ #d y<T ~>TTHsTT.
|dTHsTT. n_e~ #+~q, n_e~ y{ | <s<+> eeV]+#\ mT\T T\ b\&TTHsTT.
#+<TTq <X\T dV ||+ # <X\ L& dw+ #XsT. n+<T, $X +<q\qT s| rdT=dTHsTT.
eTT+# T =d T q | d T , u $ w T esD |]sD n_e~ #+~q <X\T | +< + neT e <<|
|]De\ | +<q HsTT. Hj T b eV +#\ 20 @ ne+~. <s+ bsTTH
$wjT+ n_e~ #+<TTq <X\ d+#sT. <X\T bw+#*q n_e~ #+<TTq <X\T keT
|]d eT]+ <sTD+> +~. s+&T <y T q b >T]+ ] 3.2 $T+q sTe ydH HsTT.
$< n$ q*bTHsTT. eT b+<T|]#sT. n_e~ #+<TTq C, H{ |+< T&
|\ yTsT>q JeH n+~+#&+ < X \ y d T \TuT y\ eeV]dTq~ <X.
d + n_ e ~ < T \ T d+#sT. n m+<T #j {e* \+ n_e~ #+~q
m|{| &T n$ |P&T=+ +&*. L& $e]+#sT. <X\T y| < X \T eTs = b &
<d+ nys+> +<H \qT re yesD esT\ |uy ne\+_dT H sTT. n<$T+f, sTe,
d+ $j+#*. b]X$T HsT> >T] neT+{sTT, eTsy| u<\q n <X\ deq+>
e~, |> #] + $T+q y{ >\ _q neds\T, |]d T \ e\ |+#Ty*+<q, +<T <s
de+s esZ+ y{ eTT+<T <T. deTd| n+ me> us H >, k| >, = <X\
$X esD |]sD #s\T ` deT mT>*q d +&e. {, +& | |]dT\qT |]>Dq
us+ y{| $XesD |]sD u< rd T e& + > # j T s<
$XesD |]sD d+ #|f y|&+ ydy d]<, n+<Te\ y~dTHsTT. |+<+ syTq
#s \T f. . =f. .# |< T eyT $~ $ < H\ neT M q + desD\ d+ |jTdTHsTT. eT
+& s < T . j T mH m | t d d ydT \TuT y{ y* +T+< eTTK+> 2011 &sH yesD
n+s>+> + H D jTmHm|tdd * #|+~. yjTT esT\| ]q #s\ d+<s+
d+#*. $wj n <X\T <Z s \ j T + D eTT+< T b& \+> eTT+<T=+~. @&~
n+^]+ KssT #dT =q |+<+ \e&+bT, n_e~ #+<TTq b]dt jTmHm|tdd 21e $T{
dw+> |s=HsT. H|<+ < X \ ] , k+ eqs T \ d e y X + H{ , # s \ neT\T
yesD esT\| #d KsT < sTT+| , yes D es T $wjT + z |+< sy\ &s H

jq 2015 &d+sY 23
deyX+ rs++~. deyX+ <X\ u> *d e# n+X+ ~. < q | H \qT | ] > D + # y s T .
n_ e ~ # + ~q < X \T u< \ T, yde + eTT s]+#*q u< \ (@ @&~ nsTT <Zs\T >]w
sTe\ $wjT + nqTd]+q yK ] qT+ j T | & . + y T + ksTT $&T<\ nej.. @&~
n_ e ~ # + < T T q < X \T > { > #jT>\eT n$ >d #|+<T M\T < q d + e s + n | \ Tk s T .)
||T{+#sTT. nsTT, yesD \T>TT+~. +~ qT+ | nH |< ^HV dt yjTT <Zs\T jT+D
esT\ |L\ |u y\qT <X\T e\ n_ e ~ # + < T T q < X \| , e, yesD+ deT\ d #sT =q
|\+> #$#dTHsTT. B+ | + usY | eT+> yjTq+ <X H{ w |+, |{ | re
<X = Mq+ s> |+<+ sTe |&TT+~. ]w \ dMT\T d]b\&+ sT>TT+~. >]w b
Kss T y\ s T +THsTT. ]q| & u s + eT]+ s]+#& |&T $<q+ m+
eTTK+> #H, usY yK] |s>& y T >.. > ~Z +&<T . yesD e+ d]b<T nH~ XdjT+>
HsTT. <e\ keT $T+q, es T n+X + | Bs * < w * bsTT+~. > ] w b < T ,
nHjTyTq us yj* edTq < |#j\ n_e~ #+~q <X\T, yTT+>H ^HVdt yjTT <Zs\
y{ \ Td T . nsTTH, c d\*q \\ eTT+<T by\ ksTT k| |]DeT+ KssT
|&+<T |+E=q n_e~ eed\T #H, usY e+{ n_e~ #+<TTq #j * +T+~. $<q+ sH
>\ <X\T dq<eTeTHsTT. <X\T u$dT+&yT B sD+. #+ (deTT<\T, JyesD+ Xw+#
C , H{ < s y{ nH ~ $wjT + n_e~ #+<TTq yjTTe\T, yysD+ ^HVdt
|+<+ u>+> |P] s|+ e+ <X\T, eTTK+> usY m<T z \ yjTTe\ +BsD) >$<T\qT ,
<T. n~ e\+ n_e~ #+<TTq |X de<q+ d+ \& +~. | d+ <Zs\qT eTT k|
< X \ s D n+X + >H y| <X |> d+ ePV |]DeT+ |]>Dq rdTe&+
|]>D+ #&TTq~. |]d T m |D[\qT sd, eTsy| yesD sT>TT+~. <s $Xy|+> @
& \T H, | > k< q d + esT deTd $wjT+ sTeqT k s TT <Z s \qT nqTeT+#
dsX\qT y=&*q neds+ H, yjT&+ k<yTH? |X Bfq e#TqH~ ssD neT+~. < >
$XesD |]sD u>k$T> eT yT #| X eTq n+~+# yK] sH &{ . \d] nH beD deT
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<sbjT n+XyT! <e\ wjT ss TT+#Te#T. d+ <Zs\ eT+
sH &{ $<q+ yTT<\sTTq d+es+ qT+ (me
|s d++~+q n|y<T qT+
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|+#T>\T>TsTT. C, b]dt
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eTT #|>*q |<\qT |{
+~. @$T{ > sH &{? |k$+qT > \+ H{ <Zs\
d<+ #dT=HsTT. nsTT, mH&d
XdjT ns+ |]o*d.. \+ # ] | ] o*+# & + 1870
(+f + & & H w q & sY y T H
|]> $X w |+.. n< \+ yTT<\sTT+~. > sH &{ deT
+{wH ) es<Z s \ |s+ n$
d+s |+ $&T<\ njT ^HV dt y{ {sTT+#&+ e#T, < >
eT |b<q\qT eTT+<T rdT=
yj T T <Z s \ nqTb + sH yesD+ u> |+#&+
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@$T+f, eT&q + m]bsTT me]
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ys T e T # s \ C_qT $& >
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jsT#dTe&+. n_e~ #+~q

24 jq 2015 &d+sY
#dT q +<T e\ ~ e\+ yesD $X y| u | ] ~ sy*q<H me>H &{
d++~++< <T) d+ eTT&|& |sT#T=q <Zs\ ksTT &{ y&XsTT.
+T+~. sH D++ #dH ||*dTq~. |{ ||+# <X\T d \d] |eD+ H
$Xy|s > ds k<sD+> >#]+# KsT |fdq <Zs\ &{ < T , < ^TssTT> rd T =H
n+X$T~. u>eTjsTT. n+#H |s+ n_e~ #+~q <X\ sH &{
| d d @sY m dt bT.. yTT+ &{ 445 qT+ 985 > |{ +&Tq<H~ dwe TeTq~.
mH sY d ` 2011 (< $ T{ H qT\ sHqT |{ U #dXsTT. | > , s H es D ++ ]
d_CwH {sZ{ |sY n{d] w+ 515 > qT\ sH. n< nHjT+> |< y{ =fjT&
^HV dt >dt qHfwH |t < Hwq > q T ^H V dt yj T T j T s n$ |jT dTH sTT. jTmdt dV |\T
dsY |t jTTHf& d{), sH&j & <Zs\q |]>Dq n_e~ #+~q <X\T deT]+q
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n&MT |t kw dH dt) e+{ d+d\ T $T*q sH esD U #jT& <X\ mH&d\qT $Xw+#&+ <s
> s H & { $< q+ | u$wT ]| <Zs\ {sTTs| y~ T> #]+#&+ ]+~.
dTeTTK HsTT. mHsYd <V<|& T T+~. ysD #s \ eT+ & > T s T |T y*q n+X +
n+X+| nyT]H eT{ #+C |] mH&d u>+ *q @ <XH { @$T+f, <X+ <X\ yTT+
y ~ j s T # d 2011 | + > < |s+ > sH &{ | ks+ sH &{ y&d n~
ny T ] H + > dt n+< C d + ~. V +T+~. <VsD 2030 s <X\ <X\ yTT
yesD Xdy\T eT |]X<q H{ 30 X+ yTs jT+D \\qT n+<TuT qf. {, Bs*
> sH &{ <s+> #dT = n+<Ty\H~ usY mH&d +. \\qT | <XeT |{+#*.
s H # T sY | \ T yk\T BH d+ <Zs e] #_.. qsTT HjT+> eT y{ +<
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n+#HqT f > sH &{ mH&d 2025 H{ k~+#\ |T y*q n+X + . eTTK+>
ds|+ <s|& +T+~. 2009 \|{q jT+D X+ 26 X+, u s < X + q Bs \ \ \qT
=|HV>H ]q d<dT w < { 2012 qT+ 2025 eT< jT|{*. <+f n_e~ k<q
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d*jTdt n~+ > q< s]+#&+ \d] |eD+ #dT=+f, 1870 <Zs |]eD+ $wjT+ d]|&
]+~. eTsTd{ @&~ +dt ]q qT+ 2100 < ||+# <X\ eT< &{ k++ #dT=H ~X> q
u{ q < n+X |qsT<{+ #sT. > sH &{ $u+#e#T. s D \ L & q q Bs *
{, eTq+ n+#H yd <Zs\ nqT+<s`1 |]~ <X\ &{ n_ e ~ < j T | D [ \ qT *
|]eD+ nH~ < & +&*. n|&T 210 > qT\ sH> KssT +&+ |d].
2 &^\ d*jTdt |\, 67 X+ neT+~. n+<T, <X\T 2012 + d]|& &{ usY
qT+ 50 X+ < <Zs\ ksTT H{ 380 > qT\ sH U b+<+ n+f @$T{? |&Tq
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992 > qT\ qT+ 1212 > qT\ sH |> y&XsTT). n+f, <X\T |{ eT y{ &{ U
qT\ < +T+~. n_e~ #+~q <X\T eT HjT+> #ddq <]$T.. usY dV n_e~

jq 2015 &d+sY 25
#+~q <XM n+<TuT sH < ] + n+ s +& T s \T> |{+#TH |]d +T+~. +{
es D + e T Hj T y T q u > eZ] +#e#T. n+<T |yV <] |]d T $X esD |+<+ KssT
n+<T=H neXyT <T. { eZ s D j T + D u< \ > sH &{ #H ds q $<q+
q< qT+# d s q y{ $w j T + < s y{ d neT+<? n+{ ueq |&
n+< T e& + d + | j T +#*. |]>D+#sT. _q <Zs <sT\qT { se&+ w+. y| #q
ydy us<X+ 1870 ` 2100 <Z s \ y T T s y& + y s s T > n_ e ~ # + ~q < X \T > { >
eT< .. q y{> 182 qT+ +T+< H ~ eZ s D ks + . esdT+&>, n_e~ #+<TTq
186 > qT\ sH &{ b+< neds\T m+{yH n+ deq+> <X #u>+, |b<q >\
V * +T+~. nsTT, B sTe yj*+<qq <sD b<q D ns+ #dTH d
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eTT+< T d T H sTT. j T + D <X+ m+ u<, u>ke
u<\ {sTT+| <s<+> eV+#\H ~X> #s s>+& The Editor
eeV]+#\, u< \ sj T + bT+~. +~ qT+ | nH d+ Yojana Telugu
205, 2nd Floor,
n_ e ~ # + ~q < X \ , n_ e ~ <s+>.. @ <X <X+ eTT C.G.O. Towers,
#+<TTq <X\ eT< dwy T q & >]w+ > m+ yTs u< rdT>\<T, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad - 80.
>T]+#\ sTTHsTT. jT+D @ s | + j T + D # s Ph: 040-27546312, 13 & 14
u<\qT.. \Te <]+, |yV u>keT+ eV+#>\ <H~ d#+ <+>

26 jq 2015 &d+sY
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n_e~ #j* +~. #| neX\T me. eTTK+> |< q sj \T rdT+~.

m+.mdt. k$TH<H, |eTTK XgE&T, usrjT V] $|e |eTVQ&T. E-mail: founder@mssrf.res.in

jq 2015 &d+sY 27
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28 jq 2015 &d+sY
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b& eT+ n&e\ q]yqT <V s D y T Tu b q <s $jT +<+
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qq sTHe:
bV+#&+ +{ #s\T #|{* | ] d T \qT, n > # | \ y
+T+~. <s yesD+ sq |j>|& de#s n+~#e#T. The Business Manager,
<Zs\qT =+ yTs jT++#e#T. + s { , y T Tu eed \ qT Sales Emporium,
^H Vdt yjTTe\ <Zs $T<H |j+#&+ <s eTsT\ 204, 2nd Floor,
|j>|&TT+~. dTHMT nq+s+ C.G.O. Towers,
yjTTe L& n~ yTT $&T<\
Kavadiguda, Hyderabad - 80.
ne+~. nsTT $T< H >dt q T @sT # d q eed \ s Ph: 040-27535383,
j>dt> y&e#T. B e\ $T<H eTsT |&|& de#s+ 27544146.
>dt yes D + \ e +& k+ eed| qeT+ \T>T+~.

jq 2015 &d+sY 29
21e | sTysTT...
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22
30 jq 2015 &d+sY
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jq 2015 &d+sY 31
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32 jq 2015 &d+sY
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b]X$T, >V sb\ qT+ |yTq y<T\ d+eTD sD+> >TD+#&+ eT w k< +> +T+~.
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eT< \+ |sesD |uy | u e+ k + >, b+rj T +>, |uy ns+ #dTy* +T+~.
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| ] > D q rd T e& + ]+~. +T+~. B <w |T=, DyT +#&+ k<eTeT+~. |+>
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| |{ eT>eTjsTT. q d++< y{ |uy\qT esT\ DyT *> |uy\qT
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n+srjT+> yesD+ >T]+#&+. |jH\qT n+#H yj*.
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jq 2015 &d+sY 33
|]w]+#*q deTd\T: \u , & H \ bw \T.. +&sY>, ]ddsY> |#ksTT. B
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` \Tw s\qT @ $<+> neds+ +~. $ks+> u$j>+, Hu
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neds+ nesTT? Je, u skjTq #+ d+u$+# eekjT <] Vs eT<
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T sY @s&q s +&e

34 jq 2015 &d+sY
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jq 2015 &d+sY 35
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jq 2015 &d+sY 37
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n$TYesY, &H, f] jTe]{ ` E-mail: akumar@teri.res.in


jq 2015 &d+sY 41
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|qsT<\ +<q dyT H $_q CrjT s#sD |D[ (NAPCC) +<q <] de\ d+ +<q $|D
neds\ |j+#Ty*. ] neT\e+~. +<q keTs + |+|, sD+`sVD +<T eTTKyTq $.
|> &&+bT d+|<jT ks $<T<T<q d+ s +&T | n+X\ | { $<q #~.
eqsT\<s #j *q \d] se\T B+< q&TdTH sTT. <X+ |dT + neT\T q $<q
$<TY &e+&qT Te+{ ePV yTs 2020H{ <X+ j T | s es D + e\ | | + # + H
+Z #>\ T>TsTT. n+> |qsT< yTT+ $<TT 15 X+ |qsT< y$<u]yTq n|< |qsT<
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d d+|<jT +<q +| eTq ] |qsT< +<q +| q TuTqT keTs +, ds| s y| qT+ |qsT<
eed Bs* eTqT>& k+#*q +<T |qsT<{++~. yTs +< q + n+< T n+ s > \T>
<Td | dT+ ~. (n) Cs +<q eqsT\ 2030 +{sTT. B+bT yesD esT
u>[ y$<+, <X $ds+, H{ 40 X+ d+ $<T<T<q D+ qT+# +& eTTK+> +<q
>MTD ] eed\ |]eD\ <c keTs + k~+#&+ . u< <c B| eT]+> <w
usY |qsT< eqsT\ | () <Zs\ k+<qT 2030H{ +BeTeT+~. n+> H{ eTq
b<q+ @s&T+~. |qsT< <ojT d 33 qT+ 35 X+ Hu n~X <T +<q +
+< q + $k s + `$ +B y T q ~ y T s Z + , 2005H{ k s TT n+<TuT H|<+ eT]+
e&+e\ k +<q eed\T> rdTse&+ \\T> |TqT deq+>, dTds |qsT<
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$ rs>\e. D+ qT+ |]d |qsT< eqsT\ $<T<T<q d+<V + <T .
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ned s \qT rs > \ q B 175 >y #s\q VY
jq 2015 &d+sY 43
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& |. z+sY, nsX g n<| &T, m._. , es+>` E-mail: omkar.eco@gmail.com

44 jq 2015 &d+sY
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+<H eT+&d sH& & d + e |+b+~+# yes D eT+ n< q National Action Plan
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jq 2015 &d+sY 45
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email: ajanthak90@gmail.com

46 jq 2015 &d+sY
dT|+ sT \_+s~. 1969 < +q~. 25e sC+> desD #+ dT|s sT, VsT\T dMT+#+<T
sw| m d+<s+> +>dt b HjTdMT |]~ Z++~. M\T< dws #d+~. sC+>+
N*, | u T + | | \ MT< Xeq+< us dT (1973) 136e +<q |s+ dT|s sT
< s | & s ~. Hj T k H \T { bsyT+{ sC+> eT* sD+ |]~ 226, 229 +<q\ |s+
| ] d T \ sC+> < + > #&+& sC+>+ @ u>HH V sT |]~ dsY sj
T + s+&
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|Cks ue~s eT<T> sC+> eT* sDs @$TH~ sC+> $sT<e T, sC+> <s dq+
|uT\ es+> rsT*e+ dT|s sT $e]+#< T . &.dsDY d+> |s+~. HjTeed |rsT >]
bs_+#sTT. < HjTkH, $T{ #dq d#q\ <s+> 42e \TdTy\+f HjTeed j o\
bsyT+{ d+|TsD yTT<s~. B sC+> desD (1976) #jT&+~. >] | \TdTy*.
eTs $<+> b<$T V\T <X ~ Hj T d M T ~ s V ]+ HjTeed jo\ (JUDICIAL
d \ eT< d + | T s D> L & yd+~. sC+> desD\qTs<T |s# ACTIVISM)
#| e#TqT. 1952 X+]|k< esdt n~seTT, HjTkqeTT\ qT+& HjTeed jo\ nH~
jTjTH |t +&j , 1965 dH rdyXsT. $Tqs $T dT nH sb\ +T |C |j H\
d+> esdt sCkH sw dT sT\ T (1980) q | u T b\q y+ (|) d++~+q dT\qT
q rsT\T bsyT+{ b<$T # j T & q 44e sC+> d e s D nqTeT+, |\ d+ |#d,
V\qT de]+# n~s+ XjT+> (1978) Hj T d M T ~ s de+ d neds\T L& +&
e+<, <s $T+<, C^s |qsT<]+#sTT. dT\ dT|s J$+#y] | d+s s*> e+T+~.
$<H\qT us<X+ s<T #d sT rsTd ~es{ rsT\H C.d.CV] n_bjTeTT Judicial
bsyT+{ n~s deT]+#sTT. \|ss~. n+f bsyT+{ sC+> Activism should not lead to
b<$T V* de]+# n~s+ eT* dsb es |jT+ judicial despotism s+>
bs y T +{ +< d T | s s T #dqsTT, < sC+> <qT |]s+ #e\dq HjTeTsT\ T y]y]
>T]++~. dT|s sT >\H< dT ssTT+# n~s+ dT|s sT e> n_bj\qT de XjT dT
(1967) rsTd b<$T V\qT q< d w e Te T q~. b s d<+\ | +< \T> @s&,
d e ]+# n~ s + bs y T +{ |ssTT+|\ #|s+ yT|\jT, |uT eed $$< XK\ eT<
< rs T +~. bs y T +{ eTD | P sY , H>+& eT]= ysT<+ @s&+& eeV]+#s
ksue~s+ <T. bsyT+{qT sc\ Xdqdu\ dsT, =+<sT m+H neds+ .
dw+ q~ sC+>+ >qT sC+> duT\T, Xdqdu nqsT\ |uT $u>\ HjTXK
es n~s+ bsyT+{ <T. |{+#sT. n+{ Xdq duT\T n eTTKyTq XK. |uT eTT n~s
b<$ T V\qT|]$T+ #d 1,4,17 =+<sT |ssTT+|\ #{ 53e <V+ |<M yyV+ |\ d#
sC+> desD\T L& #\e. 368e sC+> desD #{ dy #d k + \qT \sd , keq
sC+> desD, $<H $e]+#< dT|s sT dT yXsT. 1991 |CeTT V\qT <|& #dT q |&T
> bs y T +{ d e s D ~ s qe] +{ = |{wH\|
s]+#~ <T. rsT |*+> sD #~ HjTeed ! nTe+{
rsd dT|s sT |ssTT+|\ HjTeed bNq \eTT qT+& d+
=*k]> dT|s sT, bsyT+{\ #+ sC+> |s+ #\TT+< || *Ze+, $T*q XK\
eT< |TsD bs+uyTs~. 1971 #|+~. nsTT bsyT+{, Xdqdu\ n~s <T]j> jT+dT+ ~.
qe+sT 24e sC+> desD #{ duT\qT nqsT\T> |{d dsT HjT eed jo\ (judicial
1972 @| 25e desD #{ rdTH sj n+eTyTq$. activism) yTT<{ k]> 1648 @|
#d+~. 24e sC+> desD #+ sC+>+ @& w&
Hj T XK rs T <s $~ + q 30q #sD e+~. +>+ & #e]
@& |s duT& nqsT&> #sd -t 1 <Ts>\qT $#]+q H{
| ] $T T \qT n~ > $ T+# + < T |{d dsY C]#dq <X\|

jq 2015 &d+sY 47
+>+ & |< q HjTkqyTq sT ssV eT]jTT Xdq XK\T deK eedbT d+ HjT
|t |d t |< q HjTeT] sY eT]s \|&q H|< +, HjTeed eedqT @sT #d < HjT
q #] rsT +sq j o\ = eT\T|\T ]+~. d$~s *+#sT. nsTT
<eeTT eTT+<s n+<seTT deqyT eTq <X+ k+|T, ] us< X + HjT d$~ s+
HjTeTT eTT+<s L& n+<s sjT esT\T #T#dT+Tq nyT] q+ s|+ <T.
deqyT b|~q #sd t #e] sTD+ |\T, |C <e\T n+> n<#d + ~ T~ rsT L& <T,
]q T neT\T|]#sT. sY qT H eT]=+ j o\ b q T < L & | ] $T + , j T eT< +
jT$T+#q n rsT #\Hs< sVdTHsTT. |\ sjT #jT&+ ]+~. >\H< dT,
#sd `t 1 |{ + q|{ ||+ # #]qT ne>Vq, sjT b{ + |]+~. Xyq+< us dT, $THs $T dT,
e]q rsT |CkeT nesD , nH d#+< d+d\ T, |C <e\ 1971 #dq 24e sC+> desD
HjT |]| |PH<T\T yds ~. | * + > Hj T eed eT]+ y T T< q $ bs y T +{ n~ s\qT
1803 d + ny T ] | & s j T o\ + > eeV ]+# { \|s HjTeed C |]$T+
HjTkqeTT es eT]jTT e&dH <V < | & s TT. d s s Y d s esY , #ksTT. n+<T, +< |s=q
$y< s d + # rs T d V&yT\e+{ u bC\T, u\ n+X\|q HjT kH\ C+
sC+> + Crj T Xd q + n, ] eed, y{#] s\q, #dT H n~s+<T . bsy T +{ duT \
sC+> \+|T +, |C es #] & \ |]sD yTT<\>T *+q | V\T, $<T\|
#{\qT sb+~+#+ #\Hs< <e\T HjTeed jo\ HkH\ |+# n~s+ <T.
sC+> $sT<eT |{+s~. ~ } $ T#sTT. <:` C e TV n+sY sh qBC\ $j>+ |
HjT dMT eT\+! |]sD , >+>q~, jTeTTH q~, & $y<\|, bsy T +{ du eeVs\|
Hj T k H \ j o\ \Tw ys D , { e \ .| . m Hj T k H \T $#]+# s < T , 10
beTTK eTq <X+ eTeTT> +u D+ yTT<\>T n+X\| dT|+ w&\T |s=q $wj \q $<,
|sT>T e+~. ubsY, Vy sT C+ #dT +~. q |<e q y] jTT Ju \
eTT& T | \ d T \T, | u T > V \ $w j T +qT, eT+& \ @sT
us s+> n_e~ eT+
{sTT+|, |{ |+|\ {sTT+| $wjT+qT HjTkH\ @+{
HjTeed jT o\ = eT\T|> n~s+ <T .
yTT dT\T y\T>T e#sTT. u$+#e#T. sb\q, $<q
Vy dT dT|+ sT #]yT q sj \ s|\ q y{ neT\TqT eTT+|:
rsTqT s~. #{\qT sb+~s# us HjTeed j o\yT q HjT dMT~ seTT s+>
bsy T +T, #{\qT neT\T|]# |uT b eV+<qeTT m{ d+<V eTT jTe\qT |]s+#{ @s&q
jT+s>eTT, eT sy \ sVD <T . eTTK+> bsV \ |]sD qT, eed ! Xdq du\ yTC]{ <s+>
$|\ yT sT\ T C+ #dT =e&+ n$ eT]jTT n~s <T]j> sC+> d] $sT<+ > #s \qT #|f
| < | \ Tes T y T < e\T ys D qT, | C | j H\qT neX Hj T d M T ~ s +
u$dTH sT. 1967d+ >\H< dT, b&+qT >DjTyTq bqT jT++#>\ <T. HjT kH\T eT
1973d+ Xyq+< us dT, sV++~. >\ djT+ ||, b&T+
1980d + $Tqs $T d T , s+> Xj \qT b&T +{sTT.
HjT d$~ s+ ` |]$TT\T:
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yTT<q$. bsyT+{ n~s\qT bsyT+{ ksue~s+
$\Ty q b bw d T + < q eTT
\|s , HjTeed C |]$T+ +& mH |]$TT\T $~+#sT.
mTe+{ d+<V + <T . B |]$TT\
#ksTT. 1980d+ |C |j H b bsy T +{ ds X eT, ds d++~+ deTd\T q|{, nH
yC\T (|) HjTeed =+ deTs dsC b+<TT+~.
$eTs\ >Ts q |{ |C deTd\qT
j o\+> eeV]+#+<T nks+ n+<Te\ sC+> s\T nyT]H
rs&+ eTTKyTq bqT sVk+~.
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48 jq 2015 &d+sY
n|eT
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yjTT \Tw+ eqe s>yT q |D\T L& yjTT\Tw+
+& |sesD+ esT\T L& de TeTeTHsTT. = |< |D \T
yjTT \Tw+ eqe d+u$kjT Xd |]X<q\T dw+ yjTT\Tw jT+D rdTsTq
# d T H sTT. yj T T \Tw + #s\ \Tc d]+#&y <
s>yT +& |Cs>+ D+#&, ||+# V] \Tw |]eD jT++#&y
|sesD+ esT\T >VyjTT\ |ue+ |sT>+& #XsTT. nsTT & +{ q>s\T
L& d+u$kjT Xd +#& Xds+>+ XjT+ yj T T \Tc d ] +# &
|]X<q\T dw+ +~. n_e~ #+<TTq $Cq+ j T d T q | { yj T THD q T
yj T T\Tw +| eT]+ X < k~+#&+ nH ]\ deTd\
#dTHsTT. <Xu\T> #|+~. |Cs> V*+# >T|{ HsTT.<Xu\T>
yjTT\Tw jT+D \Tw s\qT Z+#& deT> yj T T\Tw j T + D w
w sT>TTq|{ #+ msT #j\H y<q \+ sT>TTq|{ ||+ # y|+ > n~
#LsT+~. eT+~ Tq |~ s> s
||+# y|+> n~
yjTT \Tw+ eT]jTT |C s> yjTT \Tw+ L& { e&+
eT+~ Tq |~ s> dy: $dj *dT+ ~. ||+ # nHs>
s yjTT \Tw+ y>e+eTeTq |D yjTT us+( > sH H &d ddt) |s+
L& { e&+ \Tw+ <X+ |e< |T+{\T eTq <X+ 6,27,000 eT+~ B
$dj *dT+~. yk+~. d> |> |D\T sD+> eTsDdT+&> 18 $T*jTH
H{H sTT&, zCH eT]jTT s> J$ d+es\T qwb THeTT.

nqT$T sjYT #<, ssV d+#\\T, d+sY |sY dH n+& msHyT+{, q&.
E-mail: anumita@cseindia.org

jq 2015 &d+sY 49
||+# y|+> ]|q |]X<q\ deTeTeTH&T. M] ny\sY d\sY&j&, sH yHsTT&,
$XwD\ |s+ |D jT{ ebCd(t }|] q $ws\T) zCH+{ $wj \T q |]eD+
yesD+ q yjTT \Tw+ me> |+#sTT. n> |]X +{sTT. V &sqT eT]jTT H {H
e\q |sesD deTd\ bT $$< uy esD+ q |\\ +f |\\ nsTT&\T zCH bsqT |\T#q
bD+ y< T \ | \T | + H\T> T s T qTeTT #dTHsTT. |~ qT+ 2.5 yT MTs
>TseTHsT. |sT>TTq $wyjTTe\ L&q dD\T |+#sTT. |]eD+ q$ L& nHs>
e\ $$< s\ qsT d+u$ dTH sTT. yj T T\Tw + e\ | \ *ksTT. |sT>TTq u|+
B+ yj T T \Tc D y T }| ] T \ d + +~ + q Je eT]jTT yesD esT\ yjTT
jT++#*q neX @s&T+~. | ] De\T m e> Hj T \Tw+ seT \TdT+~. sH &
yjTT\Tw jT+D |D[\T |]X<q *+~. CrjT qsY nsTT& <s |]q &^ d*jTdt
jsT #j*q sTD+ e+~. s\q seT+ (mHdd|) |s+ |+ zCH j y]dT+<
||+# nHs> us+ (&_) |s+ @{ @& T \ \ = d T \T |]X<q\T #TTHsTT. |sT>TTq
$wyjTTe\ V<>\T, Xd qy<eTHsTT. ~ 2026 H{ 1.4 y&$T, |sT>TTq |>{ |]eD+
deTd\T, de, jT y<T\T $T*jTH\ #se# V#]++~. zCH nHs> d
nH+ |\TTHsTT. eTq<X+ |sesD d++~ s&j <] \ T| T HsTT. ~ | C s> +|
V<>\ eTsD\T, |y\ (carcinogens) qsY seT re|ue+ #|+~. yjTT\Tw
eTsD\ \Tw+ sDeTe+~. CrjT qsY s\q seT+ s\ |]o\q eTq<X+ #
n> Xd d++~ y<T \T, qs * | + ~. n > | s es D e> +~. nsTT & zCH
~ s+> +~. |\\T, e<T\T sD\T,Jeq $<q esT, qT |]o\q bs+_+#sT. & yd$
Xd d + +~ y< T \ d e T esT\T <V<e T $$< |]X<q \T zCH j >eT+#sT. & \Tw
eTeTHsT. s>+> qysT L& y\&dTHsTT. j T + D $ T{ $$< b+
Bs\+ y<T\ >TsjT |e<+ yjTT \Tw+ eT]jTT yesD |]o\q ]| qe] qT+ pH
+~. ||+# u+ n+#H |s+ |uy\ eT< kMT| $XwD: y > e + y T q zCH j
2030 H{ <Ddj Hu 250 >eT++~. u $T MT< zCH j sT
| D yes D + ed T q
$T*j T q # s T +T+~. B e&+< \TdT+~. ~ yVH\
es T \T, >* |s T T q
d+Vu>+ eTq<X<. n+f |D b> dss #s ]| H{H
$wT \\ u eT+&\+ y& +~.
$wyjTT \Tc eT]+ eT+~ sTT& j s T e& + e\ n
u eT+&\+ s +&T &^\+f V#T
|\\T >Tse& ~ d++. |\\ >eT++~. ~ eqe s>+| re
c>\ |sT>T<\qT dV+#<
}|]T\T m~> d +&&+ |ue+ #|+~. & 2014
Xd E \ T V# ]d T H s T . yj T T
ysT yjTT\Tw+ >T|{ H y d $ zCH \Tw + eT]+
\Tw+, |Cs>+ MT< u|+
|e<+ +~. +< \Tw jT+D reyT+~. pH {q 35 &^\
|u e+ + |P]ksTT $Xw + #*
eT+&* eT]jTT =\ #+~q d*jTdt q c> pH sT H{
+~. yjTT \Tw+ <s |sT>TTq
s+H qsY Hd{\T 2012 44 &^\ #sT+~. B |ue+
|+ s>+MT< |u e+ #|+~.
& d+jTT+ > sV+q ds zCH ksTT 87 qT+ 315 X+
$$< $wj\T y\T>T #ksTT. yj T T\Tw + eT]j T T |]+~. B <s n d\ \+
& 36 bsX \\ #+~q 11,628 | C s> +| u | + | u e+` |] > zCH |< k s TT V
eT+~ $<sT\ | $$< |]X<q yVH\T, |]XeT\T, bsTT\ <s #LsTT+< *d+~. sD+>
sV+#sT. B |s+ | eT& $w yj T T\T yes D + zCH |eDqT m$T~ >+\
$<] }| ] T \ d e Td y<\&TTHsTT. +<T H{H, d>T> ssTT+#sT.

50 jq 2015 &d+sY
yesD+ esT| yjTT \Tw+ ]+#>\<T. ~ X >V+ < n]{*q neX +~, m+<T+f
|ue+: w+> es>\<T. B+ ]{, s +& T eqe s> V
+<H\T eT+&d e# Ve\j\ |e<+ b+ +~. * +# y . Xd | ] X< q \T
sH& nsTT& (dz2) ub yT| \ j , esb u sH yesD+ yjTT \Tw |ue+,
sDeT n+<sT u$dT+{sT. |u $+ #k+~. u sH $_*{ u | + | u y\ eT< eT
s H & n sTT& yes D + L& |u$+ #k+~.yesD e\j eyT #|dT H sTT. nsTT
e+< | > +& b XdE\ |s+ y{ | >TD { eTq<X+ |Cs>+|q yjTT\Tw
s D eTe+~. Jeq $< H M{ L& eT+, #&T |<s\T |u e+| $d #s s>* +~. eTq
esTe&+ <s +<q +{sTT. ~ b, #\< H L& q>s\T yjTT\Tw dyq T m<Ts=,
$j > Z + #*q ned s + * d T + ~. j edt , bsTT\T yes D es T qT+ | \qT
m+H +~. B &T u sH, eT+&&+ <s njT sZ b&* +~. eTq <X CrjT
$T<H eT]jTT zCH\T ub sH, d{\T # d\ yTT+ yesD esT s#D |D[
sDeTeTqT XdE \ T >T]+#sT. #\<H *ksTT. nsTT u |Cs>+, yesD esT\|
nd+|Ps+> *q +<H\ qT+ sH\T & eT+&&+ <s deT> <wk]++~. ||+# u+
u sH me> ne+~. nsTT + s~ksTT. k \Tw+ 2013 y \ Te]+q y ~ q T
~ = $Tc\ qT+ = ys\ s D +> | + |s T > T +< H ~ nqTd]+ eTq<X+ yjTT \Tc
esL yesD+H +T+~. ~ d s q ~< T . n_ e ~ # + < T T q n] & d V s ` | j >
yesD+ y&$ T >V + b ||+#+ B s]+#& + s#sDqT #|{*+~. yjTT
s D eTe+~. B+ yes D # k+ n+~|#Ty* \Tw+ e\ eTq &|| eT&T X+
esT\T ] esb nes<+ +~. n_e~ #+~q <X\ qT+
us+ |&T+< n+#H. nsTT
\T>T+~. {e\ |dd msY5 neTq u>Z|\TdT yjTTe
yjTT\Tc n]& #|f
#|{q |]X<q u sH >T]+ |]eD+ yesD esT eTTK
#s\ &| e\+ X+
me> #s ]+~. sqTq e+< sD+. n_e~ #+<TTq <X\ |<\
eyT KsT>\<T. n+f ns>
sH & nsTT& |]> |+ d+|<jT bsTT qT+ neTq
\_| 100 _*jTH nyT]H &\s
d+ue {> +&>, u sH \Tw + n_ e ~ # + ~q < X \T
y<\TTq \Tc deq+> b<T| #jT >\+. n> +<H \
~ 900> +~. b y{ y{
+Ts~. @~@yTH #\<H #, e\ qeTjT sq <Zs\qT 60
J$ \+| <s|& ese#T. u
b |+# \Tw s \qT X+ Z+#>\+. B e\ eTq<X+
s H eT+# T MT< # ] <
eT] s> eT]j T T yes D
|j H\T b+<>\ <T. B+ VQ
d + e T s e \T # | e # T .
| ] X < k+ ( H f \J)
$j>+ <s \Tw s
|ejT #s \T #| > \ eTT. eqe
s>+ eT]jTT yesD esT\|
yj T T \Tw | u e+| # s \T
rdTe& n+<sT *d T> w
#j*.

jq 2015 &d+sY 51
eqMjT d+<q
d <s+
&d+sT 3, n+srjT $+>T ~He+

$+>T\ V\T

de n_e~ |\+<] sD+ y{ | $+>T\ |uT


u>keT+ be&+e\H d+|Ps jT++> ne>Vq |yT |< q
n_e~ s>&+<T. B |<q sD+.
sD y\ deTd L& { n sC+> + 41e n~ s D
s d $ T | { + +~. | s + s T <> T \ , e< T \ ,
$ +> T \ d e q neX\T, $+>T\ Jeq u *+#*.
V\T *+#&+ <s y] eqd, M{ bT> J$+# V ,
\+>D $+>T\ Xs X keTs\T de n_e~ u>keT|V, ~s V\
$< =s sw |uT+ $T[+ #j\H \+ 1981e sC+> < + > bs T \+< ]
d+es n+srjT $+>T\ *+#&q V. , 15(1),
VdqT =qkdT+~. 10 d + e s + > sd | { + +~. 16(2), n~sD y\+ nH |<+
$+>T\ Vd sw n+< T u > + >H nH < X \T M{ #s be&+ eT\+> |uT +
s< +&+ $+>T\qT $\Tyq eqe eqsT\T> m #{\T, J.z.\T, #dH y{ neT\T
>T]+ y] nH #{\T, n+srjT n++ e+>H +T+~.
#|<>Z $wjT+. &+&\T, V\T *+#sTT.
|yT{ bdT yT{ bsyT+{ #dq #{\T:
b H , +> + & , ny T ] ,
k\sYw|t\T, n+< s d $ T 1981
H&, jTs|jT H jTjTH, ~s
d+es n+srjT $+>T\
$<sT\ |t{|t\T, <X\T $+>T\ V\T |>
d+es+> |{+q nq+s+,
neT\T|] y |*\ e\ n_e~
bdT>&TjT{ #~y s < + | < d T b T HsTT. ,
us< X + $+>T\ deTd\| <w
Xs $+> $<sT\ +B]+ s<+ nH #{\T #d+ ~.
us<X+ s d$T n+srjT
y{sY yVH\T $+>T\ &+&qT y<+q |. yT+ V j:
dTHsT. $+>T\ #{\T #dH y{ neT\T eqd $+>T\ s>,
n++ eyT +&{ |<q y] Jeq |eD\ yTsT>T|]#+<T

|. sXKsY, $+>T\ V\ CrjT y~, sws<], V<su<, #syD ` 9542684806


Email: rajasekharnprd@gmail.com

52 jq 2015 &d+sY
y*q n+~+#+<T eT]jTT deq >se+, >T]+|, d+d\ k|q, $ +> T q | \ \ $< | < w
y] d+s+#+<T, y] dT\qT $e s\q, ks\T, <> k]+s~. ]ksY |s H <s d$T[
s+#+<T 1993 yT+ V u <, |]X<q , eqe eqsT\ n_e~, $<qT n+~dT+ ~. $+>Tq |\\
j neT+~. B |s+ eqd k+|T #q+, mqz\ >T]+|, | +{e< $<qT n+~dT+~. n+
$+>T\ sD , |qsyd ks\T HD, y\+>\ y] d+ |#d +&, |s yH\T, {y
*+#+<T |uT, |yT d+d\qT d+d\T, N|t MTwqsY / MTwqsY n\y q T\T, & s Y n\y q T\T,
@s]# neX+ #|s+> @s&+~. ke u< ` deT> #s\T, y|sD\T L& n+~dT+~.
, sD, ysD, HjT de\T, <T]j>+ jT+D ~s 14 2. $ +> T \ d $ T[ $<
d sD V ~s n+X\T s \ n< j \ > s q s+&e<X:
#+ H neT\T s>&+<T. #{\H dTBs+> s~. #+
|<+ 2009`2010 $<
_. CrjT dT #+: L & | P ] k s TT neT\T
d+es+ bs+uyT+~. 9e s>
s>be&+ eT\+> <X nTq
{ + d] b*, qT+& +sYMT&jT{ es d$T[
HjTkq+ |<| < ds~s#*q |]d
T~e+<+, VQ n+>y\ $<du ddT q $+> $<sT\ ]
@s&TT+~.
u<|&y] =s sb+~+#&q~ dVjT+ n+~dT+~. q yesD+
CrjT dT #+. ~ us<X sd$T $+>T\ |+< *s#&+, y\ |syTq neds\qT
y|+> 1999 neTe+~. |+: rs&+, ]ksY d+sT, HLy
eqd , n+> y \ + \ q | us |uT _H{ y & d sD+, $ +>
$+>T\ J$++ ds q db sdT \ nsT 1, 2007q sw| $<sT\ > & H ~s\bT>
y] *<+&T\ <q+s+ |<q y~+#sT. n|{qT+& <Xy |+ > |< s <s jTb+ =s s. 200,
de+ u>keTT* #jT&yT j T TmH d | sY & | +< | + &sY n\yqT\T s. 500 d+es,
#+ eTTU<X+. |<q s\jT+ neTTq~. $+>T\T sT\ |jD u+ s. 500 d+es,
& +~. usT #sqT +< deq+> J$s# V, d#qT |d\ =qT>\T =s s. 400
|uT+ jT$TdT+~. usT nqTu$ +# V eT]jTT bV eT]j T T d V j T \ n\y q T\T
ds~s\T +& s+&T H\\k] n+~d, u<qT *d $s>T s . 750/` d + e s , H \
deyX` eTeT+~. +< |uT+ k_eH |s#&yT |+< s. 200 #=|qT $+>
100 sbjT\ eT\<q+ eTTU<X + . $<] |s yq +, u]s> &+ >
#{ neT\T #d+ ~. |dT + #s H $+>T\ #+ <e n<jT+ #\T H\ s. 200 #=|q +<
L& be&+ e\ neT\T |syD $ +> T \ $< V > T ]s | u T d V s + n+~d T q ~.
n++ e+>H +~. # ] d T + ~. n+< T u > + > M{ bT $ +> T | u q T
$+>T\ #+ 1995 (deq $+>T\ $< #sTe #jT& bV+#& >qT u y ]ksY
neX\T, V\ |]sD , d+|Ps +< |uT+ |yX|{q |<\T: syT sD s. 2 \\T, u
u>keT+): y ]ksY s y T | ] s \T,
1. ds n_jTH (mdtmdtm) :
|d\T ~s\ s. 80,000,
#+ $+>T\ = 2000`01 $< d + e s + n> HL y y& d sD
X\T >T]++~. y\ s#q+, qT+& ks b< $ T $< qT s. 5 \\ dVs+, yTT
+< sw deTqjT $T{\ @sT, k~+#&+ =s 6`14 d+es\ u\ $+>T\ nqTL\+> ueH\T
y\ bs+u <X, s< #s\T, u*\ b<$T $<q+~+#&+ ]+#+<T _*+> b>+ <s
$+>T\ $< V, b~ =s | < + s b+~s# & s. 10,000 dVs+ n+~dT+~.

jq 2015 &d+sY 53
3. jTTd, d_mdt, +sYusT\T, n+~+# d+d\ >T]+| y{ 1. 1000 k\sYw| t &^ bdt >&TjT{
mdtmdtd usT\T : jT+d $+>T\ u<\qT #~y y] ksT . 30 X+ eTV\
jTe]{ >+{ $TwH, j sT#d <Xy |+ > y \T *qZ {sTTksT.
d+&] usT |t d m&TwH e\ $< w #dT+~. 2. 500 k\sY-w|t-\ q $<,
$+> $<sT\ $< d+d\T 5. BH<j &dT V_*fwH e $<, k+ $< nud+#
nes< sV+> +&\, y] d+ (&&sYmdt): $ s> T \T ns T \ T. 30 X +
y < w |T= $< d+d\ T |< + <s $+>T\ $< eTV\ {sTTksT.
]+#\ 3 X+ dT $+>T\ =s w #d HH->esyT+{ 7. sJy >+B Hwq |w|t\T:
| d]> {sTT+#\, | |E sZHCwH bV n+~dT+~. |]X<q \T #d $+> k\sY
$TqVsTT+|, 10 X+ bdt esT\T y\ \D <] $<qT n+~+# =s | $< d+es+ 200 eT+~
$TqVsTT+|, | >+ 20 $Tc\ HH->esyT+{ sHZ C w H ejT+ |w|t\T +< |uT+ n+~dT+~.
n<q| deTjT+ {sTT+|, du 90 X+ |<+ <s |uT+ |w|t <s H\ 25 y\
ks +, | >~ {sTT+|, usTT n+~dT+ ~. d+ <s 11e |+#es sbjT\bT> V#YsY@, du
*| |\ sVD, y<] |D[ 364.10 T 586 mHz n\yqT\T L& ksT.
bs+X\ s|\ q, +> ||sY d+d\ n+~++<+f |uT+
$TqV sTT+| , ~ s \bT 8. <X y|s> $+>T\ =s 7
$+>T\ $< | m+{ X< *
$X$<\j\T $+>T\ qT+ CrjT d+d\qT @ss y{ <s
+< nseTeH +~.
sbsTT |E ed\T #jTL&< $+>T\ deTd\| |]X<q \T, $<,
6. Hwq V|t |HH &e\|t |qsyd+, sD , djT+ b~, dw
$+>T\ +> $< n+~+#\
yT+{ s=swH (mHV#Ym|t&d): d &e\|tyT +{, $+>T\qT eqe
jTTd >&H L& C #d+~.
M{bT> $+>Tq u<\ y\+ u<|&TTq y] eqsT\T> r]~<& dH
|+> &sY n\yqT\T, {m\T &Te& |uT+ s+s+ w ~s n+X\| n_e~ |]X<q\qT
n+~dT+~. |&Td #+ neT\T #dT + ~. +<T u>+> $+>T\ sVdTHsTT. qT+& | es
u>+> $X$<\j 3 X+ $<, djT+ b~, H|D+ |+|, q $<q+~dTHsT.
<>\T u ~s nH s T e\qT $<q+~+#& mHV#Ym|t&d nH |&T&, j 1995 *+q
jTTd C #d+ ~. $+>T\ d + d q T @s s w # d T q ~. 3 X+ <> ]swH\ qT neT\T
V* $X$<\j\ n~sT\T $+>T k+ H| D\ |+| , #jT&+ u>+> nH sTe\T
s+ #jT&+ eT\+> jTTd >T]+| b+~q d+d q $< +< |uT + C #d+ ~. dT|+ sT
n+~+q V \T $ +> T \T #<TeH y] H\ sT. 1,000/- L& 3 X+ <>\T $+>T\
b+< b THsT. |s yq+ bT y|sD\ |+& {sTT+#\ #|+~. M{
=qT>\T, $+>T H|D+ yTsT>T <s+> <> $>T\
4. usrjT |qsyd d+d:
|s#& >T]+| b+~q d+d\ |uT+ *+q V\T:
$+>T\ u~+#& >qT, 100% >+TqT n+~dT+~. djT+
u<\qT jsT#jT& +< (m). |dT yTyTTs+&+ H+. 36012/
b~ =s 3.5 X+ e& 25 \\
|uT+ V_*fwH n|t 24/2009 - mdt{{ (sYmdt) B:
es sTD\T n+~dT+ ~. <Xy |+ >
+&j nH qq d+ d+dqT 3 &d+sY 2013 |s+ $+>T\
1,500 eT+~ | s y H \T
@ss+~. d+d dw _&, &{, 3 X+ <>\qT >|t m, _, d, &
n+~dT+~. 7.5 \\ es $<
jT+..&, jT+.|, |V#Y& sT\ + >T]+q <>\ $es\T.
s T D\T m+{ >s + { +&
<s $ +> T \ u< \qT n+~dT+~. mHV#Ym|t&d n+~+# (_). ~ &bsTyT+T n|t |sq n+&
jsT#dT+~. n+<T | sT\T k\sYw|t\T s+&T s\T> +{sTT.

54 jq 2015 &d+sY
f+> y& |dT yTyTTs+&+ H+. <> T \ y] y < de\ $+>T\ +{ sD +<
36035/4/2010 (mdt{{) B: 1 n+<TuT bd+> y*. n> |uT + dV s+ #dT + ~. <Xy |+ >
>w 2011 |s+ $+>T\ k<sD {qs qT+& $TqVsTT+|. |D b+ dT 100%,
|y wq ]swqT, z|H (m| t ) . | u T + | y T s + > + d T 50% ssTTr eT]j T T
>|t m eT]jTT >|t _ bdT $+>T\ bV $<q+ <s <Xy|+> s |jD #,
y >T $<+ > +f n~ y*. <>\T *d sw |uT\T |m|t $eq # 50% ssTTr\T
(d). ~ &bsTyT+T n|t |sq n+& eT]jTT qsH\ bT H\ $+>T\ n+<TTHsTT.
f +> | d T y T y T Ts+& + 25 y\ J+ #*+#*. \+>D sw+ L& >|t-1
H + . 36035/3/2009 - mdt { { (). |yT $TdsY m+bsTTyT+{ qT+& nf + & s Y k s TT <>
(sYmdt) B: 10 pH 2009 |s+ Cqs wH b>+ (|m+|) dyT <s $+>T\ 3 X+ ]swq ks +
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>+B ydt jq |<+ <s

jq 2015 &d+sY 55
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deTd\T edTHsTT. nyT]H, & > *. L s > j T \q, | q
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jq 2015 &d+sY 57
&d+sT 10 eqe V\ ~He+

eqeV\T $Xeqe ku |H<T\T

n+srjT deC >, d+| |#d, eqe V\


s+ eed]+#&q deC $w q T #TTq~. |CkeT+ n+f
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eqe& s+ bsT> >T]+ b\q eyT <T n~ d+U\
n V* b&e\dq u< eT< T L&q eqe V\T L&
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eqe V\T \ n+X+> e] |CkeT b\q =qk>< >T]+#*.
|e] 16, 1946q
| | + # < X \ eT< # s j +X + d#, uee s D , deTHjT+ eT]jTT
s d$T
nsTT+~. s +&e ||+ # jTT<q+s+ s d# k+\T eqe V*
u<eT+&* sCy
HjT+ eqe s d$T s+&T |<q \\qT <{d |CkeT eTqT>&q T eqe
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yTs s d$T ds |+b+~+#+ s+&e~. +> s +# + | DT\ eT<
k<sD du 1948 |]o*+qsTT s +&e ||+ # jTT<+ @_bjT+ <T . s+ e
&d+sT 10q eqe yTT+ eqe V\ b<qqT >] |T <s+> n < yT
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d V eqe V\T. n |< qeTsTTq #{\ >T]+ rsH\qT eT]jTT e k+\ y| <X |\T
$e]+#s T . B { eTq y ~+ es n+ s r j T <$T+#+ ]q~. 1885 us
ns e Tj T < e Tq> eqe V \T eqeV\ | q #jT + ]q~. CrjT +>dt $se+ eT]jTT
$X qy T q $ eT]j T T | s d s 1946 | e] 16e B q k+<eT+ b<$ T V\ =s
<]eTT\T, n$uyTq $ n. n+ s d$T |< q n+>eTsTTq bs+ e+{ n+X\T us< X + e
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m+{ $e L >T]L&<T . ~ e @sT #d+~. &d+sT 1946 eqe $\Te\ |qsT<sD =s
jTT V +& s+ jTT s d$T qs nd+; =qk < s u s < X
u< \T> L& u$+#*. rsH #d+ ~. rsq+ esZ k+ d~+ |Cd q ~.
#] H|< + keTV V+&qT n+srjT k+q+s+ sC+>
<T \+ eqe V\ # { \ | s + H s + > |s=q+ |]wT <s+ ussC+>+
>T]+q # q + m|&T s+uy T q ~, ]q~. sCy $TwH d#q\ yTs 1949, qe+sT 26q eqeV\
< #] H | < + > T ]+ s d$T ds k<sD du 1948 b< q d q < q s | qT
\ Td T y*q ned s + q~. &d+sT 10q eqeV\ | qqT d+]+#Tq~. |eTTK #]sT&T,
+>+& +> CH 1215 C #dq y~+#+ | d+es+ Bq s#sTT seT#+<>TV e
e> s, 1688 nyT] _ n+srjT eqe V\ ~q+> #b\+f, b<$T V\ |q
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|#T]+q |d+ <s bX eqe V\ | qqT du d > T \T eT\+> sC+> +
<X\ eqe V\ ueq ||+ # <X\ y~+#jT | @ #jT &+~. us sC+> |]wT
y|+> $d+ njT #ksTT. u> @ C < <X |<T \ b<$T V\ ks s
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n<jT+ eqe V\ | q 18e | q T& +&+<T ~ |q <s+> eTq sC+>+
X| |\ #q\, eTTK+> beD ksTT n, B n+<T& b+< T | s T s ]q~. u s
C . C . s k | b~+q ke |jT +#\ | q dw+ > sC+> + b< $ T V \qT
&+& nH d<+ |s|+> |s=q&+ ]q~. b+< T | s + n+ s r j T +>
sb+~+~. _H |CkeT +| us<X+ eqeV\ q<q
us< X + eqe V\T
<s|& q b<$ T V\T #es eTT< y~ nsTTq~.
_{w y] e\d keb\H
nyT] d+jTT sc\ yTT<{ |~ sC+> |y #| &q
\+ qT+& us< X + eqe V\
sC+> d e s D \ # s & s TT. ke ] sjT HjT+, d#\ T
ueq n+ssD ]+< <T
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Xdy\ ueq. _{w b\q
sc\T n+^]+q eqeV\T, n+<Cd$> +, e d#qT,
usrjTT\T eT[ k++, bs,
u< \ |D[ L& eqeV\ >sy qTeT&+|Cd <X+ X+,
sjT V\ d+ nH $<\T>
>T]+q # q + # beTTK ku \ , keTs d | P s
H{ | u T +| & # s T .
q~. H|<+H s d$T yesD k|+ #$> + bsT\
usk+<eT+ _{wy]
={> nH V\T, y{ sD V\ B|q T\T> HsTT. nq>
nDy #s\ eT\+> bsd#

jq 2015 &d+sY 59
|\+<] eT< deq H\=\T HjTkH\ <s neTsTT n |s yd T s T+~.
dV|Ps yesD+ @sT, |s=q+ ]q~. CrjT eqeV\ d+|T +
eqeV\ |]sD us sC+>+ CrjT eqeV\ d+|T + eqeV\ \+|T q d++~+q
y~q~ nq+ nXj <T. |s <T\T, $y<\qT d]+q B
eqeV \ | ] s D
sC+>+ #| &q b<$ T V\T qT+& d+es+|> $#]+#*
u>+> us< X + d|+ sT 23e B,
n+srjT eqeV\ | q +T+~. d+|T + $<T \T |< q+>
1993q CrjT eqeV\ d+|T +
n+X\ <>sZ > HsTT. < n+X d#q\T db sdT \ d++~+q$>
@sT sw| s T \T C #jT >
dTuwt #+<Us, |eTTK sC+> +{sTT. eqeV\ \+|Tq
nsT 12, 1993e Bq dd t s+>H<
|DT\T, #T uss C+>+ b\& e\ T < d+d\ | | + >
$TX>sT #s H> CrjT eqeV\
b<$T V\T s d$T #s \T rdT=H+<T < u~T \
d + | T + @s & + ~. < X + s
eqeV\ | qqT b* HsTT, ]| s y T q |Xe Tq+ eT]jTT dV jT+
# < y T q d + d \ , j T + D
nHsT. n+~+#+<T n~s+ <T . nsTT
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sC+>+ 4e u>+ d+|T +, d+q db sdT \T |uT +
d + | HsTT. Crj T
< d\T HjT<yTq < $d ]+# < T d ] < | ] > D q
eqeV\ d+|T + d+ ||
# <y T q V\T q|{ |uT + rd T y*q ned s + | d ] >
*q d+d> bsy T +T | #+
eT ], ke, sjT $<q +T+~. CrjT < sw |uT \T,
<s @sT e+ > e THs + .
| q\ M{ $d]+| C\<T nH~ eqeV\ d+|\ dbsdT\qT
bsd <s+ #dT = |#dT q
37e | s D + * j T C j T s $d]+#e H~ q> d +. d+|T +
HjTeed\ +& n~s\qT
]q~. B { |]o*+qsTT q $Xwy T q n~s\qT $j+
d+| d+$T+|CksT. B
|uT #{\T eT]jTT |]b\H |CkeT+ |\ eqeV\qT
k \qT | * $#]+# + < T ,
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s|T \T <s nedsy T q de#s
|]sD =s sC+>+ k> neT\T eX m+ q~.
sf+<T, |uT ]sT\T, y{
#jT | <T.eJ |< q HjTeT] q q T Hj T k q + < | u T eqeV\ |]sD #+ ,
ddt nVB |s=qT> <X+ s\jT+ qT+& b+<+ e+{ 1993 Crj T eqeV \
bsT\T VQ+<>, d#> J$+#+<T n+X\| q $<+ > eeV]+#+<T d+|T +uT> <X+ sc\ sw
us sC+>+ V> n+~++~. d+| n~seTT q~. eqe eqeV\ d+|\qT @sT
eqeV \ | ] s D $d + V\ |]sD u>+> |uT neX+ *++~. B <X+
us< X | d CrjT eqe V\ #{\T, sC+>+ $$< n+X\| n sc\q sw eqeV\
d+|T + |r> *+~. us< X + q uy\qT, <X \qT d++> d + | \T @ssTTHsTT. u s
eqeV \ d + d s D , d + s D e ] +#+<T d+| neX+ sC+>+ @&e w&\T
u< \T q HjTkH\ uT> *+#sT. d+|T+ q | sw C_, eT& C_\ |s=q
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1993 (&) eqeV\T nH$ e d + +~ + | s < T \qT d ] +, eqeV \ d + | \qT @sT
Jeq+, d#, deq+, <\ $#]+, q #s \T j |uT #jT + ]q~.
d++~+q$. sC+>+ # VMT d+d\ dbsdT #d q dbsdT
e&q n+srjT #{\T, us< X neT\TqT m|{|&T dMT #d

60 jq 2015 &d+sY
|d\T <=sT #T: |_wH &$H, d m+b]jT+,
204, 2e n+dT, d..z. esY, y&>&, V<su< - 80 bH: 040-27535383, 27544146.
jq 2015 &d+sY 61
T\H #sD
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eed edTq esT\T, VsT\ *> dV $|T\ |ue+ # sT
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E-mail: anil.nidm@nic.in

62 jq 2015 &d+sY
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jq 2015 &d+sY 63
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E-mail: sush84br@yahoo.com

jq 2015 &d+sY 65
>&q 1627 H\\ 2015 p |dT+ ||+#+ eTT+<T s+&T |s>&+, es<\T, se, TbqT\T,
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<Zs\qT $&T<\ #dTHsTT. #s \T rdT bsTTqsTT 21 X_ dT\ u qw+ d+u$ ++~. 1995
_) 3058 &\s \d] <jT+ >\ n+ c>\T 4 &^\ d+{>& s d$T > e qT
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u u>+ se |]d T \T H\=HsTT. es n+]+ bsTT+< s]++~.
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yjTTe\qT $&T<\ #k+< >H &{ d) ^H Vdt yjTTe\ s+s $&T<\ MTs qT+ 0.82 MTs |]+~.
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jq 2015 &d+sY 67
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