Oil and gas internship report

2017

University College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Technical Education

Supervised Industrial Training

It is submitted that I have completed the supervised industrial training in (OGDCL) OIL
AND GASS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED

Learning Outcomes:

During internship I practically observe electrical system and understand the electrical work
on rig. I observe generator, control room ,transformer, silicon control rectifier, variable
frequency drive, mud of rig where motor is lying, and top floor of rig where drilling .the work
done in internship is operating generator, note load of generator ,new connection light
.lubrication of motor and changing bearing of motor.

Signature:

Name of Student: Dildar Ahmed

Registration No:BETF13E055

Signature:

Name of Supervisor:

Dated: 24/7/2017

Counter Signed:

Head of Department:

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Acknowledgement

All praise to Allah Almighty, the most merciful, the most compassionate, who enabled me to
complete this task.

Especially I am grateful to my loving parents for providing me all sort of moral and social
support in life. Their prayers have enabled me to reach at this stage.

I especially want to pay my gratitude to teachers, department of Management Sciences Who

has enriched, nurtured and groomed me.

I am also thankful to Staff at OGDCL who gave me their precious time and entertained my
queries with full concentration, despite constant daily routine office work.

Specially, I would like to thanks shokat khan who help me to avail this opportunity

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Executive Summary

The Oil and Gas Development Company Limited which have a vision to be a leading
Energy and Petroleum Industry recognized by its people partnerships and its performance.
The rapidly growing company has total man power strength of 11338 included staff and
officers. OGDCL with its core competency of exploration departments like training institute
and marketing and other departments as well working to achieve its organizational objectives.
OGDCL has discovered more then 66 field of oil and gas while exploring these products
this company is fulfilling the corporate social responsibility by building schools and medical
centres support rural devolvement program all over the country by donating in millions of
rupees.

During Internship at OGDCL I interact with most of officers and staff of electrical
department. I visited to sub department of electrical work with qualified officers of OGDCL
In comfort and learning environment. Thoroughly I analyse all work procedure of electrical
practice like Hiring, firing, recruiting, promotion and performance devolvement, Evaluations,
criteria. Procedures and training and development program of the organization under the
supervision of qualified management.

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Chapter#01

Overview of organization

1.1 OGDCL Vision

To be a leading multinational Exploration and Production Company.

1.2 OGDCL Mission
To become the leading provider of oil and gas to the country by increasing exploration and
production both domestically and internationally, utilizing all options including strategic
alliances.
To continuously realign ourselves to meet the expectations of our stakeholders through best
management practices, the use of latest technology, and innovation for sustainable growth,
while being socially responsible.
1.3 Company History
Prior to OGDCL's emergence, exploration activities in the country were carried out by
Pakistan Petroleum Ltd. (PPL) and Pakistan Oilfields Ltd. (POL). In 1952, PPL discovered a
giant gas field at Sui in Balochistan. This discovery generated immense interest in
exploration and five major foreign oil companies entered into concession agreements with the
Government.
During the 1950s, these companies carried out extensive geological and geophysical surveys
and drilled 47 exploratory wells. As a result, a few small gas fields were discovered. Despite
these gas discoveries, exploration activity after having reached its peak in mid-1950s,
declined in the late fifties. Private Companies whose main objective was to earn profit were
not interested in developing the gas discoveries especially when infrastructure and demand
for gas was non-existent. With exploration activity at its lowest ebb several foreign
exploration contracting companies terminated their operation and either reduced or
relinquished land holdings in 1961.
1.4 Establishment of OGDC
To revive exploration in the energy sector the Government of Pakistan signed a long-term
loan Agreement on 04 March 1961 with the USSR, whereby Pakistan received 27 million
Robles to finance equipment and services of Soviet experts for exploration. Pursuant to the
Agreement, OGDC was created under an Ordinance dated 20th September 1961. The

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Corporation was charged with responsibility to undertake a well thought out and systematic
exploratory programme and to plan and promote Pakistan's oil and gas prospects.

As an instrument of policy in the oil and gas sector, the Corporation followed the
Government instructions in matters of exploration and development. The day to day
management was however, vested in a five-member Board of Directors appointed by the
Government. In the initial stages the financial resources were arranged by the GOP as the
OGDC lacked the ways a
1.5 Initial Successes
nd means to raise the risk capital. The first 10 to 15 years were devoted to
development of manpower and building of infrastructure to undertake much larger
exploration programmes.
A number of donor agencies such as the World Bank, Canadian International Development
Agency (CIDA) and the Asian Development Bank provided the impetus through assistance
for major development projects in the form of loans and grants. OGDC's concerted efforts
were very successful as they resulted in a number of major oil and gas discoveries between
1968 and 1982. Toot oil field was discovered in 1968 which paved the way for further
exploratory work in the North. During the period 1970-75, the Company reformed the
strategy for updating its equipment base and undertook a very aggressive work programme.
This resulted in discovery of a number of oil and gas fields in the eighties, thus giving the
Company a measure of financial independence. These include the Thora, Sono, Lashari,
Bobi, Tando Alam & Dhodak oil/condensate fields and Pirkoh, Uch, Loti, Nandpur and
Panjpir gas fields which are commercial discoveries that testify to the professional
capabilities of the Corporation.

1.6Introduction of rig

An oil rig is a large machine that's used for drilling deep holes in the earth so that oil can be
extracted. . Smaller oil rigs are often mobile, and are usually moved once the drilling is
finished so that another type of rig can begin to extract oil. OGDCL rig N5 is 2000HP.

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Fig 1.1
OGDCL is 8 own rig work which struggle for discovering oil and gas resources. The rig N5
work in shakardar KPK. My internship duration they drill 4000m which is continuo go it
drilling 5500 m. The maximum drilling rang is 6000m.

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Chapter#02
Internship experience in OGDCL rig N5
OGDCL produce his own electrical power on rig side. They used diesel generator for
production of electricity. In rig N5 lying total four generator .Three generator used for rig
operation and one generator use for residence of worker and officers. The rating of one
generator is 1457KVA and 1020KW.The three generator of rig side is connected parallel
.load is above 80% then start another generator. The voltage produce one generator is 700V
and current is 1443A.
2.1 Control panel
After the production of electricity the main purpose is to control and regular supply to the
factory. This purpose many switch gear is used. Which control electricity and supply regular
supply. This is the following.

Fig 2.1

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2.1.1 Bus bar

Bus bar is strip of copper wire where the main supply line is connected. On bus bar the main
line is divided into two line .One is go to SCR and other line is go to AC control panel
2.1.2 Silicon control rectifier (SCR)
SCR is device which convert AC into control DC. On rig many DC motor is used therefore
SCR is used.
.

Fig2.2
2.1.3 Fuse
on the main transmission line fuse is lying .The fuse used for protection of electrical system
.HRC fuse is used in control panel which rating is 2500A.

2.1.4 Circuit breaker

Electrical circuit breaker is a switching device which can be operated manually and
automatically for controlling and protection of electrical power system . As the modern
power system deals with huge currents, the special attention should be given during designing
of circuit breaker for safe interruption of arc produced during the operation of circuit breaker

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2.1.5 Relay
In main control panel many relay is used for protection of electrical equipment. Each relay
give protection of one fault therefore different relay is used. Such as short circuit relay, earth
fault relay, differential relay. Relay monitor the supply if fault is occur then they trip the main
breaker and protect the electrical equipment.

2.2 Outgoing line from control panel

There is two types of line go out from main control panel. One is AC line and other is
DC. Because both AC and DC supply is used on rig.

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Chapter 03
In this chapter different motor is lying on rig is discuss which is perform different work. On
rig both AC and DC motor is used.

3.1 Mud
Mud is the combination of different water tank where the different chemical is mix with
water. In rig N5 four water tank is used where the different chemical is mix with water. On
mud four motor is used for this propose which is DC motor. The rating of one motor is
18KW. Four other motor is use on mud which feed this mixture on drilling point. The rating
of that motor is 15KW of one motor.

3.2 feed water pump

Feed water pump is consist of two motor which feed water form pound. That motor supply
water pound to mud. The rating of these motor is 20KW.

3.3 Top floor of rig

This is main portion of rig. Through which drilling is doing. This portion is consist of five
motor one motor is 11HP tow motor of 5HP and two of 400HP.the depth of drilling is
increase then high power motor is on. first time the drilling depth is low then one motor is
used but the depth is increase start high power motor. These all motor is AC motor which is
drive with variable frequency driver which control the speed of motor. The control 1 r.p.m to
200 r.p.m . fig 3.1

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3.5 motor control centre on rig floor

Motor control centre control the motor of rig floor .these motor on/off from MCC. Because
main control panel supply is ON every time .then electrical engineer give as own control
system to drilling engineer.

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fig 3.2

3.6 variable frequency drives

Variable frequency drive is change the frequency of supply. Through changing frequency
change the speed of motor. On rig six VFD is used the changing frequency capacity is 0 to 62

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Hz . Motor is speed is move from 1 r.p.m to 200 r.p.m. but on rig frequency is set 32 Hz and
motor speed is 100 r.p.m

Fig3.3

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Chapter#04
4.1 Transformer
On rig one step down transformer is used for supply to office, ac, fans, and lighting system.
The transformer converts the 700V into 415 V. The transformer rating is 1000 KVA.
4.2 practical works done during internship
In internship i practically work with electrical supervisor. I work as a generator operator note
the load of generator if the load is reach to 80% then start the another generator .changing
the engine oil of generator if hundred hour of generator is completed. I also work with
supervisor changing light and lying new light connection. Note the total running of
generators. Chang the bearing of motor and lubrication of motor.
4.3 conclusions
OGDCL (Oil and gas Development Company limited) is a petroleum company. I completed
my internship of 9 week in OGDCL rig N5. There I work in electrical department. I work and
observe the diesel generator, transformer and its protective device, silicon control rectifier,
variable frequency drive and different motor sued on rig .during my internship I work with
supervisor on motor maintains and changing bearing of motor and on/off motor. I work as a
generator operator and changing engine oil of generator after completed hundred hours on
running .there I observe and understand the working related electrical on rig. There I can
improve my knowledge about electrical system.

4.4Recommendations
Rig is not working permanently on one place so there is no properly installation of
cable. they properly install cable on safe condition.
Using tag out for unauthorised person is not allowed to unconcern place.
Give safety training to new technical job holder.

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MAIN PART OF GENERATOR

Engine
Alternator
Fuel System
Voltage Regulator
Cooling and Exhaust Systems
Lubricatio
Main Assembly / Framen System
Battery Charger
Control panel
Engine:

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The engine is the most important part of the generator. It is the engine that is
responsible to supply energy to the generator. It is the power of the engine that determines the
capacity of the generator.

Alternator:

This is the part that produces electrical energy that is sent out as an output. This
electrical energy is produced by the conversion of mechanical energy given by the engine.

Fuel System:

This is another important part without which that generator will not be able to produce
the energy that it may need. It is important to make sure that there is enough fuel and the fuel
system is in the proper working condition to pass on the fuel to the other parts.

Voltage Regulator:

As the name suggests, this part is used to regulate the voltage of the electricity that is
given out as the output. It helps in conversion from AC to DC as needed by the appliances.

Cooling and Exhaust Systems:

The heat generated by the generator after long hours of working is treated by the
cooling system. This system cools down the parts and prevents overheating. The Exhaust
systems are used to give way to all fumes that may be formed due to the use of diesel and oils
inside the machine.

Lubrication System:

Since mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy, it is obvious that a

generator is made up of smaller moving parts. The lubrication system manages the machine
in such a way that the parts need not be harmed. The movement of every part is smoothened
with the use of a lubricant.

Battery Charger:

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The performance of a generator is usually started using a battery. Thus, the battery has
to be charged. But, there is a device called the battery charger that automatically charges the
battery that can be used when needed.

Control Panel:

This is the most important part among all the others as it is responsible of controlling
every other part that makes a generator. In engine control unitis a part of this panel that helps
in controlling the things related to the engine of the generator. Like this unit, there are many
others that can be performed through this.

Main Assembly / Frame:

This is the structure that holds every necessary part of the generator together. It can be
called as the outer body of the generator and makes sure that the generator is earthed to avoid
serious issues.

CONTROL PANEL

After the production of electricity is needed to control them .for controlling of

electricity many switch gear is used .which is lying in control panel. Which is given below.

SWITCH GEAR

1. BUS BAR

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In electrical power distribution, a bus bar is a strip or bar of copper, brass or aluminum that
conducts electricity within a switchboard, distribution board, substation, battery bank

MAIN CONTROL PANEL

The main electrical power is come to control panel. the.the different types of
protective device is lying in control panel .which is given below

CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker essentially consists of fixed and moving contacts, called electrodes.
Under normal operating conditions, these contacts remain closed and will not open
automatically until and unless the system becomes faulty.

The contacts can be opened manually or by remote control whenever desired. When a
fault occurs on any part of the system, the trip coils of the breaker get energised and the
moving contacts are pulled apart by some mechanism, thus opening the circuit

Operating principle of Circuit Breaker

When the contacts of a circuit breaker are separated under fault conditions, an arc is
struck between them. The current is thus able to continue until the discharge ceases. The
production of arc not only delays the current interruption process but it also generates
enormous heat which may cause damage to the system or to the breaker itself. Therefore, the

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main problem in a circuit breaker is to extinguish the arc within the shortest possible time so
that heat generated by it may not reach a dangerous value.

Arc Phenomenon in Circuit Breaker

When a short-circuit occurs, a heavy current flows through the contacts of the breaker
circuit before they are opened by the protective system. At the instant when the contacts
begin to separate the contact area decreases rapidly and large fault current causes increased
current density and hence rise in temperature.

The heat produced in the medium between contacts (usually the medium is oil or air)
is sufficient to ionise the air or vaporise and ionise the oil. The ionised air or vapour ,acts as
conductor and an arc is struck between the contacts. The potential difference between the
contacts is quite small and is just sufficient to maintain the arc. The arc provides a low
resistance path and consequently the current in the circuit remains uninterrupted so long as
the arc persists.

During the arcing period, the current flowing between the contacts depends upon the arc
resistance. The greater the arc resistance, the smaller the current that flows between the
contacts. The arc resistance depends upon the following factors:

1. Degree of ionisation - the arc resistance increases with the decrease in the number
of ionised particles between the contacts.
2. Length of the arc - the arc resistance increases with the length of the arc i.e.
separation of contacts.
3. Cross section of arc - the arc resistance increase with the decrease in the area of
cross section of the arc.

RELAY

A relay is an electromagnet switch which opens or closes under the control of another
electrical circuit. The switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many
sets of contacts. Since its controls an output circuit of higher power than input circuit, it is
considered to a form of an electrical amplifier

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Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

The generators excitation system maintains its voltage and controls the reactive
power flow. As change in real power demand affects essentially the frequency, whereas a
change in reactive power affects mainly the voltage magnitude. The sources of reactive
power are generators, capacitors and rectors. The generators reactive power is controlled by
field excitation. The primary mean of generators reactive power control is generators
excitation control using automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The role of AVR is to maintain
the terminal voltage of a synchronous generator to a specific level. An increase in reactive
power load of a generator is accompanied by a drop in terminal voltage.

The PT senses the voltage on one phase, rectified and compared to the DC set point
signal. The amplifier error signal controls the exciter field and increases the exciter terminal
voltage. Thus the generators field current is increased resulting in the increase of generators
emf. The reactive power generation is increased to a new equilibrium, raising the terminal
voltage to a desired value. While the AVR get the 440V AC from the excitation transformer
(6.3kv/440v) which is then converted to DC using thyristors at each of the line combined it
from the output of all three thyristors. As DC have +ve as well as ve so to obtain these, the
three phases are connected to the thyristors in forward biased and the same there phases are
then connected in reverse biased. Then the 440 v DC is supplied to the stator of the exciter
generator whose rotor induces the AC which is again converted to AC using Diodes (6
Diodes) and then supplied to the main generators rotor. In this way the more flux is induced
in the generators rotor thus increasing the rotating speed.

VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE

A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives an electric
motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the electric motor. Other names for a
VFD are variable speed drive, adjustable speed drive, adjustable frequency drive, AC drive,
microdrive, and inverter.

Frequency (or hertz) is directly related to the motors speed (RPMs). In other words, the
faster the frequency, the faster the RPMs go. If an application does not require an electric
motor to run at full speed, the VFD can be used to ramp down the frequency and voltage to

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meet the requirements of the electric motors load. As the applications motor speed
requirements change, the VFD can simply turn up or down the motor speed to meet the speed
requirement.

MOTOR

Motor is machine which convert the electrical power to mechanical power.

Types of Motor

The primary classification of motor or types of motor can be tabulated as shown

below,

In factory all types of motor is used. there so large rating. .the mainly used AC motor.

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DC Motors

DC motors were the first type of motor widely used and the systems (motors and
drive) initial costs tend to be typically less than AC systems for low power units, but with
higher power the overall maintenance costs increase and would need to be taken into
consideration. The DC Motors speed can be controlled by varying the supply voltage and are
available in a wide range of voltages, however the most popular type are 12 & 24V, with
some of the advantages being:

Easy installation
Speed control over a wide range
Quick Starting, Stopping, Reversing and Acceleration
High Starting Torque
Linear speed-torque curve
DC motors are widely used and can be used from small tools and appliances, through
to electric vehicles, lifts & hoists
The two common types are:

Brushed

These are the more traditional type of motor and are typically used in cost-sensitive
applications, where the control system is relatively simple, such as in consumer applications
and more basic industrial equipment, these type of motors can be broken down as:

Series Wound:

This is where the field winding is connected in series with rotor winding and speed
control is by varying the supply voltage, however this type offers poor speed control and as
the torque to the motor increase, then the speed falls. Applications include automotive, hoists,
lifts and cranes as it has a high starting torque.

Shunt Wound :

This type has one voltage supply and the field winding is connected in parallel with
the rotor winding and can deliver increased torque, without a reduction in speed by increasing
the motor current. It has medium level of starting torque with constant speed, so suitable for
applications include lathes, vacuum cleaners, conveyors & grinders.

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Compound Wound:

This is a cumulative of Series and Shunt, where the polarity of the shunt winding is
such that it adds to the series fields. This type has a high starting torque and run smoothly if
the load varies slightly and is used for driving compressors, variable-head centrifugal pumps,
rotary presses, circular saws, shearing machines, elevators and continuous conveyors

Permanent Magnet:

As the name suggests rather than electromagnet a permanent magnet is used and are
used in applications where precise control and low torque, such as in robotics, servo systems.

Brushless

Brushless motors alleviate some of the issues associated with the more common
brushed motors (short life span for high use applications) and are mechanically much simpler
in design (not having brushes). The motor controller uses Hall Effect sensors to detect the
rotors position and using this the controller can accurately control the motor via current in the
rotor coils) to regulate the speed. The advantages of this technology is the long life, little
maintenance and high efficiency (85-90%), whereas the disadvantages are higher initial costs
and more complicated controllers. These types of motors are generally used in speed and
positional control with applications such as fans, pumps and compressors, where reliability
and ruggedness are required.

An example of brushless design are in Stepper Motors, which are primarily used in
open-loop position control, with uses from printers through to industrial applications such as
high speed pick and place equipment.

A.C MOTOR

There is two main types

synchronous motor
induction motor

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Alternator or motor consists of two main parts, namely the stator and the rotor. The
stator is the stationary part of the machine. It carries the armature winding in which the
voltage is generated. The output of the machine is taken from the stator. The rotor is the

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rotating part of the machine. The rotor produces the main field flux. The important parts of
the Synchronous Machine are given below

Stator
Rotor
Miscellaneous
Stator Construction
The stationary part of the machine is called Stator. It includes various parts like
stator frame, stator core, stator windings and cooling arrangement. They are
explained below in detail.

Stator Frame

It is the outer body of the machine made of cast iron, and it protects the inner parts of
the machine.

Stator Core

The stator core is made of silicon steel material. It is made from a number of stamps
which are insulated from each other. Its function is to provide an easy path for the magnetic
lines of force and accommodate the stator winding.

Stator Winding

Slots are cut on the inner periphery of the stator core in which 3 phase or 1 phase
winding is placed. Enameled copper is used as winding material. The winding is star
connected. The

3winding of each phase is distributed over several slots. When the current flows in a
distributed winding it produces an essentially sinusoidal space distribution of EMF.

Rotor Construction

The rotating part of the machine is called Rotor. There are two types of rotor
construction, namely the salient pole type and the cylindrical rotor type.

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INDUCTION MOTOR

In synchronous AC motors, the rotor turns at exactly the same speed as the rotating
magnetic field; in an induction motor, the rotor always turns at a lower speed than the field,
making it an example of what's called an asynchronous AC motor. The theoretical speed of
the rotor in an induction motor depends on the frequency of the AC supply and the number of
coils that make up the stator and, with no load on the motor, comes close to the speed of the
rotating magnetic field. In practice, the load on the motor (whatever it's driving) also plays a
parttending to slow the rotor down. The greater the load, the greater the "slip" between the
speed of the rotating magnetic field and the actual speed of the rotor. To control the speed of
an AC motor (make it go faster or slower), you have to increase or decrease the frequency of
the AC supply using what's called a variable frequency drive. So when you adjust the speed
of something like a factory machine, powered by an AC induction motor, you're really
controlling a circuit that's turning the frequency of the current that drives t or down.he motor
either up

Safety Precaution
In order to avoid the hazards on the plant, company train their employees for the Safe
handling and operation of materials and units installed on plant. So for this company follow
following steps

Give Knowledge
Give training
Trouble shooting
Authorization
o Even a small mistake on working site can cause a serious damage so MMM is
very important.
Leakage of current may occur and so serious damage can occur
MSDS(material safety data sheets) are provided with every material for the safe
handling and storage of material
SOPs(Standard operating procedures) are provided for the safe operation

In safety there is a rule of triple M

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I. Man safety
II. Machine safety
III. Material safety

Man safety

In safety the first thing is man safety. Man safety is one of the important things
between the rules of safety. Man safety means how to safe man in working area (plant).Mask,
safeguard, gloves etc are provided for safety. Also no use of mobile

Machine safety

Machine safety is also important. The trouble shoot, maintenance of temperature is the
important one. No use of mobile near to machine because safety of tripping and matching of
frequency.

Material safety

The safety of material is also important. The thing like sand is safe according to its
way of safety

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CONCLUSION

OGDCL is the petroleum company. I complete my 10 week internship OGDCL rig N5.I do
work on electrical department. i work and observe the generator operator and electrical
system. where I improve my knowledge about electrical system and generation operating.

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