Chapter V - Mass Balance

V.A.
DETAILED MASS BALANCE
EQUIPMENT NAME: Banana Peel Storage Tank
EQUIPMENT CODE: F-1
MASS OUT
Banana Peels 150,000,0000 kg
Total Mass Out = 150,000.000 kg

EQUIPMENT NAME: Washer
EQUIPMENT CODE: W-1
From: F-1 To: D-1

Banana Peels Washed Peels
W-1
Water
Water Impurities
MASS IN MASS OUT
Banana Peels Washed Peels

Carbohydrates 86,730.0000 kg Carbohydrates 86,730.0000 kg
Crude Fiber 46,590.0000 kg Crude Fiber 46,590.0000 kg
Water 9,840.0000 kg Water 15,087.7522 kg
Crude Lipid 2,505.0000 kg Crude lipid 2,505.0000 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Impurities 3,000.000 kg Total 152,247.7522 kg
Total 150,000.0000 kg
Water and Impurities

Water
Water 744,752.2478 kg
Water 750,000.0000 kg Impurities 3,000.0000 kg
Total 750,000.0000 kg Total 747,752.2478 kg
Banana Peels 150,000.0000 kg Washed Peels 152,247.7522 kg

Water 750,000.0000 kg Water and Impurities 747,752.2478 kg
Mass In 900,000.0000 kg Mass Out 900,000.0000 kg
Assumptions:
- All impurities will be removed from the banana peels.
- The washed peels will contain additional 3.35% water as adhered liquid.
Detailed Computations:
Mass In
Banana Peels
Carbohydrates = 0.5782(150,000 kg) = 86,730.0000 kg
Crude Fiber = 0.3106(150,000 kg) = 46,590.0000 kg
Water = 0.0656(150,000 kg) = 9,840.0000 kg
Crude Lipid = 0.0167(150,000 kg) = 2,505.0000 kg
Ash = 0.0089(150,000 kg) = 1,335.0000 kg
Impurities = 0.02(150,000 kg) = 3,000.0000 kg
Total = 150,000.0000 kg
Water
5 3 1 1000
150,000 = 750000.0000 kg
1 1000 3
water
Total = , . kg water
Total Mass In = Banana Peels + Water

Total Mass In = 150,000 kg + 750,000 kg
Total Mass In = 900,000 kg
MASS OUT
Washed Peels
Carbohydrates Balance:
Carbohydrates Out = Carbohydrates In
Carbohydrates Out = 86,730.0000 kg
Crude Fiber Balance:
Crude Fiber Out = Crude Fiber In
Crude Fiber Out = 46,590.0000 kg
Crude Lipid Balance:
Crude Lipid Out = Crude Lipid In
Crude Lipid = 2,505.0000 kg
Ash Balance:
Ash Out = Ash In
Ash Out = 1,335.0000 kg
Water Balance:
Water Out = Water In
Water Out = Wash Water + Adhered Water in Washed Peels
Adhered Water in Washed Peels =(0.0335 + Initial % of Water in Banana
Peel)xWashed Peels
Adhered Water in Washed Peels = (0.0335+0.0656) x Washed Peels
Washed Peels = (Carbohydrates Out + Crude Fiber Out + Crude Lipid Out + Ash
Out)
(1-(0.0335+0.0656))
Washed Peels = 86,730.0000 + 46,590.0000 + 2,505.0000 + 1,335.0000
(1-(0.0335+0.0656))
Washed Peels = 152,247.7522 kg
Adhered Water in Washed Peels = 152,247.7522 x (0.0335+0.0656)
Adhered Water in Washed Peels = 15,087.7523 kg

Total Washed Peels = Carbohydrates Out + Crude Fiber Out + Crude Lipid Out +
Ash Out + Adhered Water
Total Washed Peels = 86,730.0000 + 46,590.0000 + 2,505.0000 + 1,335.0000 +
15,087.7523
Total Washed Peels = 152,247.7522 kg
Water and Impurities
Impurities Balance:
Impurities Out = Impurities In
Impurities Out = 3,000.0000 kg
Water Balance:
Water Out = Wash Water + Adhered Water in Washed Peels
Water In = Water in Banana Peels + Feed Water
Wash Water + Adhered Water in Washed Peels = Water in Banana Peels + Feed Water
Wash Water + 15,087.7523 = 9,840.0000 + 750,000.0000
Wash Water = 744,752.2478 kg

Water and Impurities = Impurities Out + Wash Water
Water and Impurities = 3,000.0000 + 744,752.2478
Water and Impurities = 747,752.2478 kg
Total Mass Out = Washed Banana Peels + Impurities and Water
Total Mass Out = 152,247.7522 + 747,752.2478

EQUIPMENT NAME: Belt Dryer
EQUIPMENT CODE: D-1
From: W-1 To: C-1

Washed Peels Dried Peels
D-1
Hot Air Hot Humid Air
MASS IN MASS OUT

Washed Peels Dried Peels
Water 15,087.7522 kg Water 2,799.1837 kg
Crude lipid 2,505.0000 kg Crude lipid 2,505.0000 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Total 152,247.7522 kg Total 139,959.1837 kg
Hot Humid Air

Hot Air Air 8,322,953.3420 kg
Hot Air 8,322,953.3420 kg Evaporated Water 12,288.5686 kg
Total 8,322,953.3420 kg Total 8,335,241.9106 kg
Washed Peels 152,247.7522 kg Dried Peels 139,959.1837 kg

Hot Air 8,322,953.3420 kg Hot Humid Air 8,335,241.9106 kg
Mass In 8,475,201.0942 kg Mass Out 8,475,201.0942 kg
Assumptions:
- Dried banana peels will contain 2% water.
Mass In:
Carbohydrates = 86,730.0000 kg
Crude Fiber = 46,590.0000 kg
Water = 15,087.7522 kg
Crude lipid = 2,505.0000 kg
Ash = 1,335.0000 kg
Total = 152,247.7522 kg
Hot Air = 8,322,953.3420 kg
Total Mass In = Washed Peels + Hot Air
Total Mass In = 152,247.7522 + 8,322,953.3420
Total Mass In = 8,475,201.0942 kg
Mass Out:

Ash Balance:
Ash Out = Ash In
Ash Out = 1,335.0000 kg
Water Balance:
Water Out = Evaporated Water + Water Remained in the Dried Peels
Water Remained in the Dried Peels = 0.02 (Dried Peels)

Dried Peels = (Carbohydrates Out + Crude Fiber Out + Crude Lipid Out + Ash
Out)
(1-0.02)
Dried Peels = 86,730.0000 + 46,590.0000 + 2,505.0000 + 1,335.0000

(1-0.02)
Dried Peels = 139,959.1837 kg
Water Remained in the Dried Peels = 0.02 x 139,959.1837 kg
Water Remained in the Dried Peels = 2,799.1837 kg
Total Dried Peels = Carbohydrates Out + Crude Fiber Out + Crude Lipid Out +
Ash Out + Water Remained
Total Dried Peels = 86,730.0000 + 46,590.0000 + 2,505.0000 + 1,335.0000 +
2,799.1867
Total Dried Peels = 139,959.1837 kg
Evaporated Water
Evaporated Water = Water In - Water Remained in the Dried Peels
Evaporated Water = 15,087.7522 - 2,799.1837

Evaporated Water = 12,288.5686 kg
Hot Humid Air = Hot Air + Evaporated Water
Hot Humid Air = 8,322,953.3420 + 12,288.5686 kg
Hot Humid Air = 8,335,241.9106 kg
Total Mass Out = Dried Peels + Hot Humid Air
Total Mass Out = 139,959.1837 + 8,335,241.9106
Total Mass Out = 8,475,201.0942 kg

EQUIPMENT NAME: Hammer Mill
EQUIPMENT CODE: C-1
From: D-1 To: K-1

Dried Peels Crushed Peels
MASS IN MASS OUT

Dried Peels Crushed Peels
Water 2,799.1837 kg Water 2,799.1837 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Total 139,959.1837 kg Total 139,959.1837 kg
Dried Peels = 139,959.1837 kg Crushed Peels = 139,959.1837 kg

Mass In = 139,959.1837 kg Mass Out = 139,959.1837 kg
Mass In:
Water = 2,799.1837 kg
Ash = 1,335.0000 kg
Total = 139,959.1837 kg
MASS OUT

Ash Balance:
Ash Out = Ash In
Ash Out = 1,335.0000 kg
Water Balance:
Water Out = 2,799.1837 kg
Total Mass Out = Crushed Peels
Total Mass Out = Carbohydrates Out + Crude Fiber Out + Crude Lipid Out + Ash Out +
Water Out
Total Mass Out = 86,730.0000 + 46,590.0000 + 2,505.0000 + 1,335.0000 + 2,799.1837

EQUIPMENT NAME: Screener
EQUIPMENT CODE: K-1
To: C-1
Oversize
From: C-1 To: D-2

Crushed Peels Screened Peels
K-1
MASS IN MASS OUT

Crushed Peels Screened Peels
Water 2,799.1837 kg Water 2,799.1837 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Total 139,959.1837 kg Total 139,959.1837 kg
Crushed Peels 139,959.1837 kg Screened Peels 139,959.1837 kg

Assumptions:
- There will be no losses in the screener.
MASS IN
Water = 2,799.1837 kg
Ash = 1,335.0000 kg
Total = 139,959.1837 kg
MASS OUT

Ash Balance:
Ash Out = Ash In
Ash Out = 1,335.0000 kg
Water Balance:
Water Out = 2,799.1837 kg
Total Mass Out = Crushed Peels
Total Mass Out = Carbohydrates Out + Crude Fiber Out + Crude Lipid Out + Ash Out +
Water Out
Total Mass Out = 86,730.0000 + 46,590.0000 + 2,505.0000 + 1,335.0000 + 2,799.1837

EQUIPMENT NAME: Sterilizer

EQUIPMENT CODE: D-2
From K-1
Screened Peels
D-2
To: F-2
Sterilized Medium
Steam Vapor
MASS IN MASS OUT

Screened Peels Sterilized Medium
Water 2,799.1837 kg Water 1,212.7837 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Total 139,959.1837 kg Total 138,372.7837 kg
Vapor
Steam Vapor 20,993.8776 kg
Steam 20,993.8776 kg Vaporized 1,586.4000 kg
Total 20,993.8776 kg Total 22,580.2776 kg
Dried Peels 139,959.1837 kg Sterilized Medium 138,372.7837 kg

Steam 20,993.8776 kg Vapor 22,580.2776 kg
Vapor 8,397.5510 kg
Assumptions: Total 8,397.5510 kg
- The amount of vapor produced will be equal to the amount of the steam used
added to 1,586.4 kg of water vaporized from the original water content of the
peels feed to sterilizer.
MASS IN
Water = 2,799.1837 kg
Ash = 1,335.0000 kg
Total = 139,959.1837 kg
.
Steam = 139,959.1837 kg Medium

Steam = 20,993.8776 kg
Total Mass In = Dried Peels + Steam
Total Mass In = 139,959.1837 + 20,993.8776
Total Mass In = 160,953.0612 kg

MASS OUT
Ash Balance:
Ash Out = Ash In
Ash Out = 1,335.0000 kg

Water Balance:
Water Out = Water in the Medium + Vapor
Water In = Steam +Water in the Screened Peels
Water in the Medium = Initial Water vaporized water from the peels
Water in the Medium = 1,212.7837 kg
Sterilized Medium = Carbohydrates Out + Crude Fiber Out + Crude Lipid Out +
Ash Out + Water in the Medium
Sterilized Medium = 86,730.0000 + 46,590.0000 + 2,505.0000 + 1,335.0000 +
1,212.7837
Sterilized Medium = 138,372.7837 kg
Vapor = Steam + vaporized water from the peels
Vapor= 20,993.8776 + 1,586.4
Vapor = 22,580.2776 kg
Total Mass Out = Sterilized Medium + Vapor

Total Mass Out = 138,372.7837 + 22,580.2776
EQUIPMENT NAME: Batch Tank

EQUIPMENT CODE: F-2
From: D-2 To: J-1

Sterilized Medium F-2 Sterilized Medium
MASS IN MASS IN
Sterilized Medium Sterilized Medium
Water 1,212.7837 kg Water 1,212.7837 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Total 138,372.7837 kg Total 138,372.7837 kg
Sterilized Medium 138,372.7837 kg

Mass In 138,372.7837 kg
Sterilized Medium 138,372.7837 kg
Mass Out 138,372.7837 kg
EQUIPMENT NAME: Bioreactor

EQUIPMENT CODE: J-1
From: F-2 To: F-3

Sterilized Medium Fermentation Broth
J-1
Nutrients, Bacteria and Fermentation Gases
NaOH
MASS IN MASS OUT

Sterilized Medium Fermentation Broth
Carbohydrates 86,730.0000 kg Isoamyl Alcohol 59,115.3196 kg
Crude Fiber 46,590.0000 kg
Water 1,212.7837 kg
Crude lipid 2,505.0000 kg Water 19,404.0573 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg Ethanol 29,579.4606 kg
Total 138,372.7837 kg Biomass 17,509.2169 kg
Leucine 15,497.7518 kg
Excess Nutrients, Bacteria, and NaOH Excess Nutrients 7,447.9536 kg
Leucine 96,860.9486 kg Starch 3,555.9300 kg
Water 31,647.5087 kg NaOH 1,383.7278 kg
Excess Nutrients 7,447.9536 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg
NaOH 1,383.7278 kg
A.Niger 553.4911 kg Crude Lipid 2,505.0000 kg
S.Cerevisiae 415.1184 kg Isobutanol 896.6274 kg
Total 138,308.7482 kg Total 204,820.0450 kg
Gas Stream
Carbon Dioxide 63,528.7597 kg
Ammonia 8,332.7260 kg
Total 71,861.4857 kg
Sterilized Medium 138,372.7837 kg Fermentation Broth 204,820.0450 kg

Nutrients, Bacteria, NaOH 138,308.7482 kg Gas Stream 71,861.4857 kg
Assumptions:
- 1:0.7 mass ratio of Sterilized Medium to Leucine.
- 10:1 mass ratio of Sterilized Medium to Inoculum.
- 0.03:1 mass ratio of S. Cerevisiae to Inoculum
- 0.04:1 mass ratio of A.Niger to Inoculum
Mass In
Sterilized Medium
Carbohydrates 86,730.0000 kg
Water 1,212.7837 kg
Crude Lipid 2,505.0000 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Total 138,372.7837 kg
Inoculum, NaOH, and Bacteria
S. cerevisiae Inoculum
Total Mass Inoculum = (1/10) (Sterilized Medium)
Inoculum = (1/10) (138,372.7837 kg)
Inoculum = 13,837.2784 kg
Inoculum Composition:
20% Glucose = 2,767.4557 kg
3% Peptone = 415.1184 kg
4% Yeast Extract = 553.4911 kg
2% (NH4)2SO4 = 276.7456 kg
2% KH2PO4 = 276.7456 kg
0.75% MgSO4:7H2O = 103.7796 kg
68.25% H2O = 9443.9425 kg
Total =13,837.2785 kg
Total Nutrients = Glucose + Peptone + Yeast Extract + (NH4)2SO4 + KH2PO4 +
MgSO4:7H2O
Total Nutrients = 2,767.4557 + 415.1184 + 553.4911 + 276.7456 + 276.7456 + 103.7796
Total Nutrients = 4,393.336 kg
3% w/w S. cerevisiae produced = (0.03)(Mass of Inoculum)
3% w/w S. cerevisiae produced = 0.03(13,837.2785)
3% w/w S. cerevisiae produced = 415.1184 kg
7C6H12O6 + 8NH3 40CH 1.8 O 0.5 N0.20 + 2CO2 + 18H2O
i 0 0 0
c 16.8747 0.8437 7.5936
e 16.8747 0.8437 7.5936
Biomass Produced = (kmol Biomass produced)(MW Biomass)
Biomass Produced = (16.8747)(24.6)
Biomass Produced = 415.1176 kg

CO2 Produced = (kmol Carbon Dioxide produced)(MW Carbon Dioxide)
CO2 Produced = (0.8437)(44.01)
CO2 Produced = 37.1312 kg
Water Produced = (kmol Water Produced)(MW Water)
Water Produced = (7.5936)(18.02)
Water Produced = 136.8367 kg
Total Water = Initial Water in Inoculum + Water Produced
Total Water = 9443.9425 kg + 136.8367
Total Water = 9,580.7792 kg
Excess Nutrients = Total Nutrients Biomass(produced) CO2(produced)
H2O(produced)
Excess Nutrients: 4,393.336 415.1176 37.1312 136.8367
Excess Nutrients = 3,804.2505 kg
Total Mass Inoculum = 13,837.2785 kg- 37.1312 kg
Total Mass Inoculum = 13,800.1473 kg

Biomass = 415.1176 = 3%
Water = 9,580.7792 = 69.43%
Excess Nutrients: = 3,804.2505 = 27.57%
Total = 13,800.1473 = 100%
A. niger Inoculum
Total Mass Inoculum = (1/10) (Sterilized Medium)
Total Mass Inoculum=(1/10) (138,372.7837)
Inoculum Composition:
20% Glucose = 2767.4557 kg
3% Peptone = 415.1184 kg
4% Yeast Extract = 553.4911 kg
2% (NH4)2SO4 = 276.7456 kg
2% KH2PO4 = 276.7456 kg
0.75% MgSO4:7H2O = 103.7796 kg
68.25% H2O = 9,443.9425
Total = 13,837.2785 kg
Total Nutrients = Glucose + Peptone + Yeast Extract + (NH4)2SO4 + KH2PO4 +
MgSO4:7H2O
Total Nutrients = 2,767.4557 + 415.1184 + 553.4911 + 276.7456 + 276.7456 + 103.7796
Total Nutrients = 4,393.3360 kg
4% w/w A. niger produced = 0.04(Mass Inoculum)
4% w/w A. niger produced = 0.04(13,837.2785 kg)
4% w/w A. niger produced = 553.4911 kg
137C6H12O6 + 136NH3 800CH 1.72 O 0.55 N0.17 + 22CO2 + 338H2O
I 0 0 0
C 22.2286 0.6113 9.3916
E 22.2286 0.6113 9.3916
Biomass Produced = (kmol Biomass produced)(MW Biomass)
Biomass Produced = (22.2286)(24.9)
Biomass Produced = 553.4921 kg

CO2 Produced = (kmol Carbon Dioxide produced)(MW Carbon Dioxide)
CO2 Produced = (0.6113)(44.01)
CO2 Produced = 26.9033 kg
Water Produced = (kmol Water Produced)(MW Water)
Water Produced = (9.3916)(18.02)
Water Produced = 169.2366 kg
Total Water = Initial Water in Inoculum + Water Produced
Total Water = 9,443.9425 kg + 169.2366kg
Total Water = 9,613.1791 kg
Excess Nutrients = Total Nutrients Biomass(produced) CO2(produced)
H2O(produced)
Excess Nutrients = 4,393.3360 kg 553.4921 kg 26.9033 kg 169.2366kg
Excess Nutrients= 3,643.704 kg
Total Mass Inoculum =13,837.2785 kg 26.9033 kg

Biomass = 553.4921 = 4.01%
Water =9,613.1791 = 69.61%
Excess Nutrients = 3,643.704 = 26.38%
Total =13,810.3752 = 100%
0.70 kg Leucine
Mass Leucine = kg Sterilized Medium(Mass of Sterilized Medium)
Mass Leucine = 0.70(138,372.7837)
Mass Leucine = 96,860.9486 kg
0.10 kg 10% NaOH

Mass 10% NaOH = kg Sterilized Medium(Mass of Sterilized Medium)
Mass 10% NaOH = 0.10(138,372.7837)
Mass 10% NaOH = 13,837.2784 kg
Mass NaOH = 0.10(Mass 10% NaOH)
Mass NaOH = 0.10(13,837.2784)
Mass NaOH = 1,383.7278 kg

Mass Water in 10% NaOH = 0.90(Mass 10% NaOH)
Mass Water in 10% NaOH = 0.90 (13,837.2784)
Mass Water in 10% NaOH = 12,453.5506 kg
Total Mass = Mass Leucine + Mass S.Cerevisiae + Mass A. Niger + Mass 10% NaOH +
Mass Excess Nutrients + Mass Water from Inoculum
Total Mass = 96,860.9486 + 415.1176 + 553.4921 + 13,837.2784 + (3,804.2505+

3,643.704) + (9,580.7792 + 9,613.1791)
Total Mass= 138,308.7495 kg
Total Mass In = Sterilized Medium + Nutrients, Bacteria, and NaOH
Total Mass In = 138,372.7837+ 138,308.7495

Chemical Reactions:
Glucose Formation:
(C6 H10 O5 )100 + 100H2 O 100C6 H12 O6
S. cerevisiae growth:
7C6 H12 O6 + 8NH3 40CH1.8 O0.5 N0.20 + 2CO2 + 18H2 O
A. niger growth:
137C6 H12 O6 + 136NH3 800CH1.72 O0.55 N0.17 + 22CO2 + 338H2 O
Ethanol Formation:
C6 H12 O6 2C3 H6 O + 2CO2
Isoamyl Alcohol Formation:
5C6 H12 O6 4C5 H12 O + 10CO2 + 6H2 O
Isobutanol Formation:
C6 H12 O6 C4 H10 O + 2CO2 + H2 O
Leucine Reaction:
C6 H13 O2 N + H2 O C5 H12 O + CO2 + NH3

Molecular Weight (kg/kmol)
Glucose 180.16
Carbon Dioxide 44.01
Ammonia 17.03
Water 18.02
Starch 16210.86
Leucine 131.17
A.niger 24.9
S. Cerevisiae 24.6
Ethanol 46.07
Isoamyl Alcohol 88.15
Isobutanol 74.12
Formation of Glucose
Initial kmol of Starch:
Kmol Starch = Initial Mass of Starch/MW Starch
86,730.0000 kg
Kmol Starch = 16210.8600 kg/kmol
Kmol Starch = 5.3501 kmol

Initial kmol of Water:
Kmol Water = Initial Mass of Water/MW Water
1,212.7837+ 31,647.5087
Kmol Water = 18.02 .
Kmol Water = 1,823.5456 kmol
(C6 H10 O5 )100 + 100H2 O 100C6 H12 O6
Starch Water Glucose
initial 5.3501 1823.5456 0
change 5.1308 513.0762 513.0762
equilibrium 0.2194 1310.4694 513.0762
*95.9% by mole conversion of Starch to Glucose:
Kmol of Reacted Starch:
Kmol Starch = 0.959 (Initial kmole Starch)
Kmol Starch = 0.959 (5.3501 kmol)

Mass of Reacted Starch:
Mass Starch = (kmol Reacted Starch)(MW Starch)
Mass Starch = (5.1308 kmol)(16210.8600)
Mass Starch = 83,174.0700 kg
Kmol of Reacted Water:
Kmol Water = (kmol Reacted Starch)(Mole Ratio of Water to Starch)
100 kmol Water

Kmol Water = 5.1308 ( )
1 kmol Starch
Kmol Water = 513.0762 kmol
Mass of Reacted Water:
Mass Water = (kmol of Reacted Water)(MW Water)
Mass Water = (513.0762 kmol)(18.02 kg/kmol)
Mass Water = 9,245.6337 kg
Glucose Formed:
Kmol Glucose = (kmol Reacted Starch) (Mole Ratio of Glucose to Starch)
100 kmol Glucose

Kmol Glucose = (5.1308 kmol) ( )
1 kmol Starch
Kmol Glucose = 513.0762 kmol
Remaining kmol of Starch:
Kmol Starch= Initial Starch Reacted Starch
Kmol Starch = 5.35012 - 5.1308
Remaining Mass of Starch:
Mass Starch = (kmol Remaining Starch)(MW Starch)
Mass Starch = (0.2194 kmol)(16210.8600 kg/kmol)
Mass Starch = 3555.9300 kg
Remaining kmol of Water:
Kmol = Initial Water Reacted Water
Kmol= 1823.5456- 513.0762
Kmol = 1,310.4694 kmol

Isoamyl Alcohol Formation from Leucine
Initial kmol of Leucine:
Kmol Leucine = (Initial Mass of Leucine)/(MW Leucine)
96,860.9486 kg
Kmol Leucine = 131.1700 kg/kmol
Kmol Leucine = 738.4383 kmol
Available kmol of Water:
Kmol Water = Remaining Water from Glucose Formation
C6 H13 O2 N + H2 O C5 H12 O + CO2 + NH3
Leucine Water Isoamyl Alcohol Carbon Dioxide Ammonia
initial 738.4383 1310.4694 0 0 0
change 620.2882 620.2882 620.2882 620.2882 620.2882
equilibrium 118.1501 690.1813 620.2882 620.2882 620.2882
*84% conversion of Leucine to Isoamyl Alcohol

Reacted Leucine:
Kmol Leucine = (0.84)(Initial kmol of Leucine)
Kmol Leucine = (0.84)( 738.4383 kmol)
Kmol Leucine = 620.2882 kmol
Mass of Reacted Leucine:
Mass Leucine = (kmol Reacted Leucine)(MW Leucine)
Mass Leucine = (620.2882 kmol)(131.17 kg/kmol)
Kmol of Reacted Water:
Kmol Water = (Reacted kmol of Leucine)(Mole Ratio of Water to Leucine)
1 kmol Water
Kmol Water = (620.2882)( 1 kmol Leucine)
Mass of Reacted Water:
Mass Water = (kmol of Reacted Water)(MW Water)
Mass Water = (620.2882kmol)(18.02 kg/kmol)

Formation of Isoamyl Alcohol:
Kmol Isoamyl Alcohol = (Reacted kmol of Leucine)(Mole Ratio of Isoamyl Alcohol to
Leucine)
1 kmol Isoamyl Alcohol

Kmol Isoamyl Alcohol = (620.2882kmol)( )
1 kmol Leucine
Kmol Isoamyl Alcohol = 620.2882 kmol
Mass of Isoamyl Alcohol from Leucine:
Mass Isoamyl Alcohol = (kmol Isoamyl Alcohol formed from Leucine)(MW Isoamyl
Alcohol)
Mass Isoamyl Alcohol = (620.2882 kmol)(88.15 kg/kmol)
Mass Isoamyl Alcohol = 54,678.4048 kg
Formation of Carbon Dioxide:
Kmol Carbon Dioxide = (Reacted kmol of Leucine)(Mole Ratio of Carbon Dioxide to
Leucine)
1 kmol Carbon Dioxide

Kmol Carbon Dioxide = (620.2882kmol)( )
1 kmol Leucine
Kmol Carbon Dioxide = 620.2882 kmol

Mass of Carbon Dioxide Formed:
Mass Carbon Dioxide = (kmol Carbon Dioxide Formed)(MW Carbon Dioxide)
Mass Carbon Dioxide = (620.2882kmol)(44.01 kg/kmol)
Mass Carbon Dioxide = 27,298.8837 kg
Formation of Ammonia:
Kmol Ammonia = (Reacted kmol of Leucine)(Mole Ratio of Ammonia to Leucine)
1 kmol Ammonia
Kmol Ammonia = (620.2882kmol)( )
1 kmol Leucine
Kmol Ammonia = 620.2882kmol
Mass of Ammonia Formed:
Mass Ammonia = (kmol Ammonia Formed)(MW Ammonia)
Mass Ammonia = (620.2882kmol)(17.03 kg/kmol)
Mass Ammonia = 10,563.5081 kg

Ethanol Formation
Initial kmol of Glucose:
Kmol Glucose = kmol Glucose formed from Starch
C6 H12 O6 2C3 H6 O + 2CO2
Glucose Ethanol Carbon Dioxide
Initial 513.0762 0 0
Change 321.0274 642.0547 642.0547
Equilibrium 192.0489 642.0547 642.0547
*Glucose to Ethanol yield is 0.32 kg Ethanol / kg Glucose:
Mass Ethanol Formed:
Mass Ethanol = (kmol Glucose)(MW Glucose)(Ethanol Yield from Glucose )
0.32 kg Ethanol
Mass Ethanol = (513.0762 kmol)(180.16 kg/kmol)( )
kg Glucose
Mass Ethanol = 29,579.4586 kg

Kmol of Reacted Glucose:
Mass of Ethanol Formed

Kmol Glucose = ( ) (Mole Ratio of Glucose to Ethanol)
MW Ethanol
29,579.4586 kg 1 kmol Glucose

Kmol Glucose =( 46.07 kg/kmol )( )
2 kmol Ethanol
Mass Carbon Dioxide = (kmol Reacted Glucose)(Mole Ratio of Carbon Dioxide to
Glucose)(MW Carbon Dioxide)

Mass Carbon Dioxide = (321.0273 kmol)( )(44.01 kg/kmol)
1 kmol Glucose
Kmol of Remaining Glucose:
Kmol Glucose = Initial kmol Glucose kmol Reacted Glucose
Kmol Glucose = 513.0762 kmol - 321.0273 kmol

Isoamyl Alcohol Formation
Available kmol of Glucose for Isoamyl Alcohol Formation:
Kmol Glucose = kmol of Remaining Glucose from Ethanol Formation
5C6 H12 O6 4C5 H12 O + 10CO2 + 6H2 O
Glucose Isoamyl Alcohol Carbon Dioxide Water
Initial 192.0489 0 0 0
Change 62.9172 50.3337 125.8344 75.5006
Equilibrium 129.1317 50.3337 125.8344 75.5006
*Glucose to Isoamyl Alcohol Yield is 0.048 kg Isoamyl Alcohol/kg Glucose:
Mass of Isoamyl Alcohol Formed from Glucose:
Mass Isoamyl Alcohol = (Total kmol Glucose)(MW Glucose)(Isoamyl Alcohol yield from
Glucose)
0.048 kg Isoamyl Alcohol

Mass Isoamyl Alcohol = (513.0762 kmol)(180.16 kg/kmol)( )
kg Glucose

Mass of Isoamyl Alcohol Formed

Kmol Glucose = ( ) (Mole Ratio of Glucose to Isoamyl
MW Isoamyl Alcohol
Alcohol)

Kmol Glucose =(88.15 kg/kmol)( )
4 kmol Isoamyl Alcohol

5 kmol Glucose
Mass of Water Formed:
Mass Water = (kmol Reacted Glucose)(Mole Ratio of Water to Glucose)(MW Water)
6 kmol Water
Mass Water = (62.9172 kmol)( )(18.02 kg/kmol)
5 kmol Glucose

Kmol Glucose =192.0489 kmol 62.9172 kmol
Isobutanol Formation
Kmol of Available Glucose for Isobutanol Formation:
Kmol Glucose = Remaining Glucose From Isoamyl Alcohol Formation
C6 H12 O6 C4 H10 O + 2CO2 + H2 O
Glucose Isobutanol Carbon Dioxide Water
Initial 129.1317 0 0 0
Change 12.0970 12.0970 24.1939 12.0970
Equilibrium 117.0347 12.0970 24.1939 12.0970
*Glucose to Isobutanol yield is 0.0097 kg Isobutanol / kg Glucose:

Mass of Isobutanol Formed:
Mass Isobutanol = (Total kmol Glucose)(MW Glucose)(Isobutanol Yield from Glucose
0.0097 kg Isobutanol
Mass Isobutanol = (513.0762 kmol)(180.16 kg/kmol)( )
kg Glucose
Mass Isobutanol = 896.6273 kg
Mass of Isobutanol Formed

Kmol Glucose = ( ) (Mole Ratio of Glucose to Isobutanol)
MW Isobutanol
896.6273 kg 1 kmol Glucose

Kmol Glucose =(74.12 kg/kmol)( )
1 kmol Isobutanol
Mass Carbon Dioxide = (kmol Reacted Glucose)(Mole Ratio of Glucose to Carbon
Dioxide)(MW Carbon Dioxide)

1 kmol Glucose

1 kmol Water
1 kmol Glucose
Mass Water = 217.9879 kg
Kmol Glucose = 129.1317 kmol - 12.0970 kmol
S. cerevisiae growth:
Kmol of Available Glucose for S. cerevisiae growth;
Kmol Glucose = Remaining Glucose From Isobutanol Formation

Kmol of Ammonia for S. Cerevisiae Growth:
Kmol Ammonia = Ammonia Formed from Leucine
Kmol Ammonia = 620.2882 Kmol
Initial kmol of S. Cerevisiae:
Kmol S. Cerevisiae = (Mass S. Cerevisiae)/(MW S. Cerevisiae)
415.1184 kg
Kmol S. Cerevisiae = ( )
24.6 kg/kmol
Kmol S. Cerevisiae = 16.8747 kmol
7C6 H12 O6 + 8NH3 40CH1.8 O0.5 N0.20 + 2CO2 + 18H2 O
Glucose Ammonia S.Cerevisiae Carbon Dioxide Water
Initial 117.0347 620.2882 16.8747 0 0
Change 98.6358 112.7266 563.6330 28.1817 253.6349
Equili 18.3982 507.5616 580.5077 28.1817 253.6349
* S. Cerevisiae growth yield is 0.15 kg S. Cerevisiae / kg Glucose:

Mass of S. Cerevisiae Formed:
Mass S. Cerevisiae = (Total kmol Glucose)(MW Glucose)( S. Cerevisiae Yield from
Glucose )
0.15 kg S.Cerevisiae
Mass S. Cerevisiae = (513.0762 kmol)(180.16 kg/kmol)( )
kg Glucose
Mass S. Cerevisiae = 13,865.3712 kg
Mass of S.Cerevisiae Formed

Kmol Glucose = ( ) (Mole Ratio of S. Cerevisiae to Glucose)
MW S. Cerevisiae

Kmol Glucose =( )( )
24.6 kg/kmol 40 kmol S.Cerevisiae
Kmol of Ammonia Reacted:
Kmol Ammonia = (kmol Glucose Reacted)(Mole Ratio of Ammonia to Glucose)
8 kmol Ammonia
Kmol Ammonia = (98.6358 kmol)( )
7 kmol Glucose
Kmol Ammonia = 112.7266 kmol
Mass of Ammonia Reacted:
Mass Ammonia = (kmol Ammonia Reacted)(MW Ammonia)

Mass of Ammonia = (112.7266 kmol)(17.03 kg/kmol)
Mass of Ammonia = 1,919.7340 kg

7 kmol Glucose
18 kmol Water
7 kmol Glucose
Kmol Glucose = 117.0347 kmol 98.6358 kmol

A. niger growth
Kmol of Available Glucose for A. niger Formation;
Kmol Glucose = Remaining Glucose from S. Cerevisiae Growth
Kmol of Ammonia for A. niger Growth:
Kmol Ammonia = Initial kmol Ammonia from Leucine - Reacted Ammonia for S.
Cerevisiae Growth
Kmol Ammonia = 620.2882 112.7266
Initial kmol of A. niger:
Kmol A. niger = (Initial Mass A. niger)/(MW A. niger)
553.4911 kg
Kmol A. niger = ( )
24.9 kg/kmol
Kmol A. niger = 22.2286 kmol

137C6 H12 O6 + 136NH3 800CH1.72 O0.55 N0.17 + 22CO2 + 338H2 O
Glucose Ammonia A. Niger Carbon Dioxide Water
Initial 18.3990 507.5615 22.2286 0 0
Change 18.3990 18.2647 107.4392 2.9546 45.3930
Equilibrium 0 489.2968 129.6678 2.9546 45. 3930
*100% conversion of Glucose to A. Niger:
Kmol of A. Niger Formed:
Kmol A. Niger = (kmol Glucose)(Mole Ratio of A. Niger to Glucose)
800 kmol A.Niger

Kmol A. Niger = (18.3990 kmol)( )
137 kmol Glucose
Kmol A. Niger = 107.4394 kmol
Mass of A. niger Formed:
Mass A. Niger = (kmol A. Niger Formed)(MW A. Niger)
Mass A. Niger = (107.4394 kmol)(24.9 kg/kmol)
Mass A. Niger = 2,675.2415 kg

Kmol Glucose = Total kmol Glucose
Kmol of Ammonia Reacted:
Kmol Ammonia = (kmol Glucose Reacted)(Mole Ratio of Ammonia to Glucose)
136 kmol Ammonia

Kmol Ammonia = (18.3990 kmol)( )
137 kmol Glucose
Mass of Ammonia Reacted:
Mass Ammonia = (kmol Ammonia Reacted)(MW Ammonia)
Mass Ammonia = (18.2647 kmol)(17.03 kg/kmol)
Mass Ammonia = 311.0478 kg

Mass Carbon Dioxide = (18.3990 kmol)( 137 kmol Glucose
)(44.01 kg/kmol)
Mass Carbon Dioxide = 130.0312 kg
338 kmol Water

137 kmol Glucose
Mass Water = 817.9846 kg
Component Balance
Starch Balance:
Mass Starch = Initial Mass of Starch Reacted Starch
Mass Starch = 86,730.0000 - 83,174.0700
Mass Starch = 3,555.9300 kg
Water Balance:
Mass Water = Initial Mass of Water (Total Mass of Water Reacted in Glucose
Formation and Isoamyl Alcohol Formation from Leucine) + ( Total Mass of Water
Formed from Isoamyl Alcohol Formation, Isobutanol Formation, S. Cerevisiae Growth
and A.Niger Growth)

Mass Water = 32,860.2924 (9245.6331 + 11,177.5934) + (1,360.5208 + 217.9879 +
4,570.5001 + 817.9819)
Glucose Balance:
Mass Glucose = (Initial kmol Glucose Total kmol Reacted Glucose)(MW Glucose)
Mass Glucose = 513.0762 (321.0274+62.9172+ 12.0970 + 98.6358 + 18.3990)(180.16
kg/kmol)
Mass Glucose = 0 kg
Leucine Balance:
Mass Leucine = Initial Mass of Leucine Mass of Reacted Leucine
Mass Leucine = 96,860.9486 81,363.2032
Ethanol Balance:
Mass Ethanol = Ethanol Formed from Glucose
Mass Ethanol = 29,579.4606 kg

Isoamyl Alcohol Balance:
Mass Isoamyl Alcohol = Mass of Isoamyl Alcohol formed from Leucine + Mass of
Isoamyl Alcohol formed from Glucose
Mass Isoamyl Alcohol = 54,678.4048 + 4,436.9157
Isobutanol Balance:
Mass Isobutanol = Mass of Isobutanol formed from Glucose
Mass Isobutanol = 896.6274 kg
Ammonia Balance:
Mass Ammonia = Mass of Ammonia formed from Leucine Mass of Reacted Ammonia
in S. Cerevisiae Growth Mass of Reacted Ammonia in A. Niger
Mass Ammonia = 10,563.5081 1,919.7340 311.0478
Mass Ammonia = 12,794.2899 kg

Carbon Dioxide Balance:
Mass Carbon Dioxide = Mass of Carbon Dioxide from Isoamyl Formation from Leucine,
Ethanol Formation, Isoamyl Formation from Glucose, Isobutanol Formation, S. Cerevisiae
Growth and A. Niger Growth
Mass Carbon Dioxide = 27,298.8837 + 28,256.8274 + 5,537.9675 + 1,064.7735 +
1,240.2766 + 130.0319
Mass Crude Lipid = Mass Entering Crude Lipid
Mass Crude Lipid = 2,505.000 kg
Mass Crude Fiber = Mass Entering Crude Fiber
Mass Crude Fiber = 46,590.0000 kg
Excess Nutrients Balance:
Mass Excess Nutrients = Excess Nutrients in S. Cerevisiae Inoculum + Excess Nutrients
in A.Niger Inoculum
Mass Excess Nutrients = 3,804.2475 + 3,643.7060
Mass Excess Nutrients = 7,447.9535 kg
Biomass:
S. Cerevisiae Balance:
Mass S. Cerevisiae = Mass Initial S. Cerevisiae + Mass S. Cerevisiae Formed
Mass S. Cerevisiae = 415.1184 + 13,865.3718
Mass S. Cerevisiae = 14,280.4902 kg
A. Niger Balance:
Mass A. Niger = Mass of Initial A. Niger + Mass of A. Niger Formed
Mass A. Niger = 553.4911 + 2,675.2361
Mass A. Niger = 3,228.7272 kg
Biomass Balance:
Mass of Biomass = Mass of S. Cerevisiae + Mass of A. Niger
Mass of Biomass =14,280.4902 + 3,228.7272
Mass of Biomass = 17,509.2174 kg

MASS OUT
Fermentation Broth
Isoamyl Alcohol 59,115.3196 kg
Water 19,404.0573 kg
Ethanol 29,579.4606 kg
Biomass 17,509.2169 kg
Starch 3,555.9300 kg
NaOH 1,383.7278 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Isobutanol 896.6274 kg
Total 204,820.0450 kg
Gas Stream
Carbon Dioxide 63,528.7597 kg
Ammonia 8,332.7260 kg
Total 71,861.4857 kg
Total Mass Out = Fermentation Medium + Gas Stream

Total Mass Out = 204,820.0450 kg + 71,861.4857 kg
EQUIPMENT NAME: Harvest Tank
EQUIPMENT CODE: F-3
From J-1 To K-2
Fermentation Broth F-3 Fermentation Broth
MASS IN MASS OUT

Fermentation Broth Fermentation Broth
Isoamyl Alcohol 59,115.3196 kg Isoamyl Alcohol 59,115.3196 kg
Water 19,404.0573 kg Water 19,404.0573 kg
Ethanol 29,579.4606 kg Ethanol 29,579.4606 kg
Biomass 17,509.2169 kg Biomass 17,509.2169 kg
Leucine 15,497.7518 kg Leucine 15,497.7518 kg
Excess Nutrients 7,447.9536 kg Excess Nutrients 7,447.9536 kg
Starch 3,555.9300 kg Starch 3,555.9300 kg
NaOH 1,383.7278 kg NaOH 1,383.7278 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Crude Lipid 2,505.0000 kg Crude Lipid 2,505.0000 kg
Isobutanol 896.6274 kg Isobutanol 896.6274 kg
Total 204,820.0450 kg Total 204,820.0450 kg
Fermentation Broth 204,820.0450 kg Fermentation Broth 204,820.0450 kg

EQUIPMENT NAME: Microfilter
EQUIPMENT CODE: K-2
To: D-3
From: F-3 Filtered Liquid
K-2
Fermentation Broth
Wet Solids
MASS IN MASS OUT

Fermentation Broth Filtered Liquid
Crude Fiber 46,590.0000 kg Ethanol 23,663.5685 kg
Water 15,523.2459 kg
Water 19,404.0573 kg
Total 87,196.3720 kg
Leucine 15,497.7158 kg Wet Solids
Excess Nutrients 8,831.6814 kg Crude Fiber 46,590.0000 kg
Starch 3,555.9300 kg Biomass 17,509.2169 kg
Crude Lipid 2,505.0000 kg Leucine 15,497.7158 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg Isoamyl Alcohol 11,823.0639 kg
Total 204,820.0450 kg Water 3,880.8115 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Total 117,623.6730 kg
Filtered Liquid 87,196.3720 kg

Fermentation Broth 204,820.0450 kg Wet Solids 117,623.6730 kg
Assumptions:
- 80% of the liquid in the Fermentation Broth will be the Filtered Liquid.
- All solids will not pass through the membrane.
Mass In:
Water 19,404.0573 kg
Ash 1,335.0000 kg
Total 204,820.0450 kg
Fermentation Broth:
Total Liquid = Isoamyl Alcohol + Ethanol + Water + Isobutanol
Total Liquid = 59,115.3196 + 29,579.4606 + 19,404.0573 + 896.6274
Total Liquid = 108,995.4650 kg

Total Filtered Liquid = 0.80(Total Liquid in the Fermentation Broth)
Total Filtered Liquid = 0.80(108,995.4650)
Total Filtered Liquid = 87,196.3720 kg
Total Liquid in Wet Solids = 0.20(Total Liquid in the Fermentation Broth)
Total Liquid in Wet Solids = 0.20(108,995.4650)
Total Liquid in Wet Solids = 21,799.0930 kg
Wet Solids

Isoamyl Alcohol = xTotal Liquid in Wet Solids

59,115.3196
Isoamyl Alcohol = 108,995.4650 21,799.0930
Isoamyl Alcohol = 11,823.0639 kg

Ethanol = xTotal Liquid in Wet Solids
29,579.4606
Ethanol = 21,799.0930
108,995.4650
Ethanol = 5,915.8921 kg

Water = xTotal Liquid in Wet Solids
19,404.0573
Water = 108,995.4650 21,799.0930
Water = 3,880.8115 kg

Isobutanol = xTotal Liquid in Wet Solids
896.6274
Isobutanol = 108,995.4650 21,799.0930
Isobutanol = 179.3255 kg
Biomass Balance:
Biomass Out = Biomass In
Biomass Out = 17,509.2169 kg
Leucine Balance:
Leucine Out = Leucine In
Leucine Out = 15,497.7518 kg

Starch Balance:
Starch Out = Starch In
Starch Out = 3,555.9300 kg
Crude Lipid Out = 2,505.0000 kg
Ash Balance:
Ash Out = Ash In
Ash Out = 1,335.0000 kg
Excess Nutrients Balance:
Excess Nutrients Out = Excess Nutrients In
Excess Nutrients Out = 8,831.6814 kg
Total Wet Solids = Crude Fiber + Biomass + Leucine + Starch + Crude Lipid + Ash
+ Excess Nutrients + Isoamyl Alcohol + Ethanol + Water + Isobutanol

Total Wet Solids = 46,590.0000+ 17,509.2169 + 15,497.7518 + 3,555.9300 + 2,505.0000
+ 1,335.0000 + 8,831.6814 + 11,823.0639 + 5,915.8921 + 3,880.8115 + 179.3255
Total Wet Solids = 117,62.6730 kg
Filtered Liquid
Isoamyl Alcohol = Isoamyl Alcohol in Fermentation Broth Isoamyl Alcohol in Wet
Solids
Isoamyl Alcohol = 59,115.3196 11,823.0639
Isoamyl Alcohol = 47,292.2557 kg
Ethanol Balance:
Ethanol = Ethanol in Fermentation Broth Ethanol in Wet Solids
Ethanol = 29,579.4606 5,915.8921
Ethanol = 23,663.5685 kg
Water Balance:
Water = Water in Fermentation Broth Water in Wet Solids

Water = 19,404.0573 3,880.8115
Water = 15,523.2459 kg
Isobutanol Balance:
Isobutanol = Isobutanol in Fermentation Broth Isobutanol in Wet Solids
Isobutanol = 896.6274 179.3255
Isobutanol = 717.3019 kg
Total Filtered Liquid = Isoamyl Alcohol + Ethanol + Water + Isobutanol
Total Filtered Liquid = 47,292.2557 + 23,663.5685 + 15,523.2459 + 717.3019
Total Filtered Liquid = 87,196.3720 kg
Total Mass Out = Wet Solids + Filtered Liquid
Total Mass Out = 117,623.6730 + 87,196.3720

EQUIPMENT NAME: Pre-heater
EQUIPMENT CODE: D-3
From: K-2 To: E-1

Filtered Liquid D-3 Preheated Liquid
MASS IN MASS OUT
Filtered Liquid Filtered Liquid

Ethanol 23,663.5685 kg Ethanol 23,663.5685 kg
Water 15,523.2459 kg Water 15,523.2459 kg
Total 87,196.3720 kg Total 87,196.3720 kg
Filtered Liquid 87,196.3720 kg Pre-heated Fusel Alcohol 87,196.3720 kg

Filtered Liquid
Water 15,523.2459 kg
Total 87,196.3720 kg
Mass Out
Pre-heated Fusel Alcohol
Water 15,523.2459 kg
Total 87,196.3720 kg
Component Balance:
Isoamyl Alcohol Out = Isoamyl Alcohol In
Isoamy Alcohol Out = 47,292.2557 kg

Ethanol Balance:
Ethanol Out = Ethanol In
Ethanol Out = 23,663.5685 kg
Water Balance:
Water Out = 15,523.2459 kg
Isobutanol Balance:
Isobutanol Out = Isobutanol In
Isobutanol Out = 717.3019 kg
Total Mass Out = Isoamyl Alcohol + Ethanol + Water + Isobutanol
Total Mass Out = 47,292.2557 + 23,663.5685 + 15,523.2459 + 717.3019

EQUIPMENT NAME: Distillation Unit
EQUIPMENT CODE: E-1
To: F-5
Top Product
From: D-3
Preheated Liquid
To: D-6
Bottom Product
MASS IN MASS OUT

Filtered Liquid Top Product
Isoamyl Alcohol 47,292.2557 kg Ethanol 23,663.5685 kg
Ethanol 23,663.5685 kg Water 15,404.8268 kg
Water 15,523.2459 kg Isoamyl Alcohol 398.2873 kg
Total 87,196.3720 kg Total 39,828.7271 kg
Bottom Product
Water 118.4191 kg
Total 47,367.6449 kg
Top Product 39,828.7271 kg
Filtered Liquid 87,196.3720 kg Bottom Product 47,367.6449 kg
Assumptions:
- Bottom Product will have 99% Isoamyl Alcohol and the Top Product will have
1% Isoamyl Alcohol.
Detailed Computations
Filtered Liquid
Water 15,523.2459 kg
Total 87,196.3720 kg
Overall Mass Balance:
Filtered Liquid, F = Top Product, T+ Bottom Product, B
F=T+B
F = 87,196.3720
87,196.3720= T + B
T = 87,196.3720- B --- (1)
Isoamyl Alcohol in the Filtered Liquid, I = 0.01T + 0.99B
I = 0.01T + 0.99B
I = 47,292.2557 kg
47,292.2557 = 0.01T + 0.99B --- (2)
Substituting T from Equation (1) to Equation (2):
47,292.2557 = 0.01(87,196.3720-B) + 0.99B
Solving for B:
B = 47,367.6449 kg
Solving for T:
T = 87,196.3720 B
T = 87,196.3720 47,367.6449
T = 39,828.7271 kg
Bottom Product:
Isoamyl Alcohol in Bottom Product = 0.99(Bottom Product)
Isoamyl Alcohol in Bottom Product = 0.99(47,367.6449)
Isoamyl Alcohol in Bottom Product = 46,893.9685 kg
Isobutanol in Bottom Product = 0.0075(Bottom Product)
Isobutanol in Bottom Product = 0.0075(47,367.6449)
Isobutanol in Bottom Product = 355.2573 kg
Water in Bottom Product = 0.0025(Bottom Product)
Water in Bottom Product = 0.0025(47,367.6449)
Water in Bottom Product = 118.4191 kg
Total Mass Bottom Product:
Total Mass Bottom Product: = Isoamyl Alcohol Out + Isobutanol Out + Water Out
Total Mass Bottom Product: = 46,893.9685 + 355.2573 + 118.4191
Total Mass Bottom Product: = 47,367.6449 kg
Top Product:
Isoamyl Alcohol in Top Product = 0.01(Top Product)
Isoamyl Alcohol in Bottom Product = 0.01(39,828.7271)
Isoamyl Alcohol in Top Product = 398.2873 kg
Isobutanol in Top Product = Isobutanol in Feed Isobutanol in Bottom Product
Isobutanol in Top Product = 717.3019 355.2573
Isobutanol in Top Product = 362.0446 kg
Water in Top Product = Water in Feed Water in Bottom Product
Water in Top Product = 15,523.2459 118.4191
Water in Top Product = 15,404.8268 kg
Ethanol in = Ethanol out=23,663.5685 kg
Total Mass Top Product:

Total Mass Top Product: = Isoamyl Alcohol Out + Ethanol Out + Water Out +
Isobutanol Out
Total Mass Top Product: = 398.2873 + 23,663.5685 + 15,404.8268 + 362.0446
Total Mass Top Product: = 39,828.7271 kg
Total Mass Out = Top Product + Bottom Product
Total Mass Out = 39,828.7271 + 47,367.6449

EQUIPMENT NAME: Cooler
EQUIPMENT CODE: D-6
From E-1 To F-5

Bottom Product D-6 Cooled Product
MASS IN
MASS OUT
Bottom Product Cooled Product

Water 119.6485 kg Water 119.6485 kg
Total 47,859.3926 kg Total 47,859.3926 kg
Bottom Product 47,859.3926 kg Cooled Product 47,859.3926 kg

Total Mass In 47,859.3926 kg Total Mass Out 47,859.3926 kg
Mass In
Bottom Product
Water 119.6485 kg
Total 47,859.3926 kg
Mass Out
Component Balance:
Isoamyl Alcohol Out = Isoamyl Alcohol In
Isoamyl Alcohol Out = 47,380.7987 kg
Isobutanol Balance:
Isobutanol Out = Isobutanol In
Isobutanol Out = 358.9454 kg

Water Balance:
Water Out = 119.6485 kg
Total Mass Out = Isoamyl Alcohol Out + Ethanol Out + Water Out
Total Mass Out = 47,380.7987 + 358.9454 + 119.6485

EQUIPMENT NAME: By-product Storage Tank
EQUIPMENT CODE: F-5
By-Product
From: E-1
Top Product Ethanol 54.90%
Water 43.48%
Isoamyl Alcohol 1.00%
Isobutanol 0.72%
MASS IN
By Product
Water 16,860.4623 kg
Isoamyl Alcohol 412.9534 kg
Total 41,295.3406 kg
By Product
By Product 41,295.3406 kg
Mass In 41,295.3406 kg
EQUIPMENT NAME: Isoamyl Alcohol Storage Tank
EQUIPMENT CODE: F-6
From: D-3 Product

Cooled Product
MASS IN
Isoamyl Alcohol
Water 119.6485 kg
Total 47,859.3926 kg

Mass In 47,859.3926 kg

Chapter V - Mass Balance

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Chapter V - Mass Balance

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V.A.

DETAILED MASS BALANCE

EQUIPMENT NAME: Banana Peel Storage Tank

EQUIPMENT CODE: F-1

Banana Peels 150,000,0000 kg

Total Mass Out = 150,000.000 kg

EQUIPMENT CODE: W-1

From: F-1 To: D-1

MASS IN MASS OUT

Banana Peels Washed Peels

Water and Impurities

Banana Peels 150,000.0000 kg Washed Peels 152,247.7522 kg

- All impurities will be removed from the banana peels.

Carbohydrates = 0.5782(150,000 kg) = 86,730.0000 kg

Crude Fiber = 0.3106(150,000 kg) = 46,590.0000 kg

Water = 0.0656(150,000 kg) = 9,840.0000 kg

Crude Lipid = 0.0167(150,000 kg) = 2,505.0000 kg

Ash = 0.0089(150,000 kg) = 1,335.0000 kg

Impurities = 0.02(150,000 kg) = 3,000.0000 kg

Total Mass In = Banana Peels + Water

Total Mass In = 900,000 kg

Carbohydrates Out = Carbohydrates In

Carbohydrates Out = 86,730.0000 kg

Crude Fiber Balance:

Crude Fiber Out = Crude Fiber In

Crude Fiber Out = 46,590.0000 kg

Crude Lipid Balance:

Crude Lipid Out = Crude Lipid In

Crude Lipid = 2,505.0000 kg

Ash Out = 1,335.0000 kg

Water Out = Water In

Water Out = Wash Water + Adhered Water in Washed Peels

Adhered Water in Washed Peels =(0.0335 + Initial % of Water in Banana

Adhered Water in Washed Peels = (0.0335+0.0656) x Washed Peels

Washed Peels = 86,730.0000 + 46,590.0000 + 2,505.0000 + 1,335.0000

Washed Peels = 152,247.7522 kg

Adhered Water in Washed Peels = 152,247.7522 x (0.0335+0.0656)

Adhered Water in Washed Peels = 15,087.7523 kg

Ash Out + Adhered Water

Total Washed Peels = 86,730.0000 + 46,590.0000 + 2,505.0000 + 1,335.0000 +

Total Washed Peels = 152,247.7522 kg

Water and Impurities

Impurities Out = Impurities In

Impurities Out = 3,000.0000 kg

Water Out = Water In

Water Out = Wash Water + Adhered Water in Washed Peels

Water In = Water in Banana Peels + Feed Water

Wash Water + 15,087.7523 = 9,840.0000 + 750,000.0000

Wash Water = 744,752.2478 kg

Water and Impurities = 3,000.0000 + 744,752.2478

Water and Impurities = 747,752.2478 kg

Total Mass Out = Washed Banana Peels + Impurities and Water

Total Mass Out = 152,247.7522 + 747,752.2478

Total Mass Out = 900,000.0000 kg

EQUIPMENT CODE: D-1

From: W-1 To: C-1

MASS IN MASS OUT

Hot Humid Air

Washed Peels 152,247.7522 kg Dried Peels 139,959.1837 kg

- Dried banana peels will contain 2% water.

Crude Fiber = 46,590.0000 kg

Crude lipid = 2,505.0000 kg

Hot Air = 8,322,953.3420 kg