GRADE 6

June 22, 2017

Scientific method

Learning Targets

1. Demonstrate the scientific method

2. Practice making an observations, hypotheses, and conclusion

Concept:

Scientific Method is a series of steps and techniques in investigating an event or acquiring new knowledge.

The steps in the scientific method are the following:

1. Identifying a scientific problem.

- A scientific problem should be something worth investigating
2. Make preliminary observations or initial research
- After asking the question, start the investigation process by making observations related to your question
3. Formulate a hypothesis
- A hypothesis is a well thought-out guess of possible answer to the scientific problem.

NOTE: Before a hypothesis is properly stated, we need to identify first of all the VARIABLES in the scientific
problem.

- Variable are factors in an experiment that affect its out come

Variables Description Identifying variable in the experiment

Independent Variable (IV)
Dependent Variable (DV)
Experimental Variable (EV)
Controlled Variable
Constant Variable
Variable being Tested The kind of water to be used in the
growth of mung seed
Variable expected to respond to the The number of seeds that will
independent variable germinate after the experimental
periods
Variable that contains the independent Container B, C or the containers with
variable the water contaminants
Variable where the independent variable is Container A or the container without
not applied water contaminants
Variables that are kept the same throughout Some constants for the experiment
the experiment - Kinds of container used
- Amount of water used
- Number of seeds in each
container
- Kind of seed

If( I do that), then ( this will happen)

The relationship is established

If the ( independent variable) affects the ( dependent variable), the ( increasing/ decreasing/ changing the independent
variable) will cause a (decrease/ increase/ change in the dependent variable)

Example

Observation: The leaves of the plant have changed color

Inference: The leaves changed color because of the change in temperature

Initial statement from the inference:

If temperature affects the color of the leaves of the plant

What would bring about that was stated above? Then the answer is your condition:
Possible answer: The plant was exposed to colder temperature

Condition: something that you do

- Plants exposed to colder temperature

Prediction: leaves will change color

Hypothesis: If temperature affects the color of the leaves of the plant, then plants exposed to colder temperature will
result in a change in the color of the leaves

Observable

Measurable

Testable

As a group, think of a scientific problem that you want to investigate.

Design an experiment based on your chosen problem.

Follow the steps in the scientific method.

Communicate the results in class.

Bring the following on Monday:

Mung seed that can fill a jar

Soy sauce

Glass jar with lid

Clear plastic bag

A bottle of vinegar

6 disposable cups

Manila paper

Marker

Thursday

Research models of different molecules. Construct models of molecules using barbeque sticks or Styrofoam balls or
modelling clay.
Lesson: What Makes Up Matter

Learning Target:

1. Describe what makes up matter

2. Describe and compare the arrangement and movement of molecules

Concept:

Matter is made up of smallest particle called atom. An atom is the smallest particle of an element. When atoms
combine, they form a molecule. Atoms in molecules are held together by chemical bonds.

Particles of Atom:

Negatively charged particles- electrons

Positively charged particles- protons

Neutrally charged particles- neutrons

Proton, neutron= quarks

Electron- leptons

Formula

For any element:

Number of Protons = Atomic Number
Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic Number
Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number

Activity

1. Illustrate the arrangement of molecules of solid, liquid, and gas.

2. Describe the movement of molecules of solid, liquid, and gas,

a. Solid
b. Liquid
c. Gas
June 30.

Learning Targets:

1. Follow the steps in the scientific method.

2. Make an experimental design

4. Test the hypothesis through experimentation.

An experiment will test whether the hypothesis is supported or not. In conducting accurate and fair test of the
hypothesis, you should change only one factor in the experiment at a time, while all the other conditions are
kept the same.

5. Gather, analyze, and interpret data.

As you go through the experiment, gather all the information. Record all the data that you have gathered. This
requires organizing the data into logical sequence or into charts and tables.

6. Draw a conclusion.
A conclusion is a statement that summarizes the result of the experiment. This is derived from the data gathered
and interpreted. It defines whether the hypothesis is supported and can be studied further or not.
 7. Communicate the results of your experiment.
To complete the investigation process, scientists should be able to present the results of their experiment to
others. This could be in the form of a published material like journal, a poster, or an oral presentation.

TAST

Making an experimental design

1. Group activity form 3 groups.

2. As a group, think of a scientific problem that you want to investigate.
3. Design an experiment based on your chosen problem.
4. Follow the steps in the scientific method
5. Communicate the result in class.