Medved Course ATP-EMTP - Sk.en

MODELLING
in Power Engineering
110 /
23kV U load
leadership
A collection of I
Duan Bear
2012
Modelling in Power Engineering - A collection of I
The author: Ing. Duan Medved, PhD.
lectured: Ing. Jaroslav Dmura,
PhD.
Ing. Marek Hvizdo, PhD.
2012, Ing. Duan Medved, PhD.
Published by: Technical University of
Kosice
ISBN 978-80-553-1188-3
Modelling in Power Engineering 2
When you do not know to explain something simply,

some do not understand.
Albert Einstein
Foreword
The physical and structures of thought and ideas, which have the character of models
and modeling, we meet since ancient times. Ancient philosophy created speculative
construction of the world that more or less rely on knowledge of the facts and tried to create a
logically articulated units. One example of such philosophical constructs include Democritus
concept of atom, their shape and joining methods.
In this concept model it is generally poorer than the system that model. when his
creating neglected parts of the modeled system. Model arises idealization object - selecting
those elements that are essential for the operation of the building - for his behavior. In a
typical modeling procedures to model the behavior of the original object imitated. Therefore,
the construction of the model up the structure of such elements, which are believed to be
responsible for the behavior of the original.
The object of this publication is modeling phenomena electricity on computer
the software system EMTP-ATP. Computer modeling is the most common mathematical
modeling object to that observed the phenomenon - the behavior of the object.
In practice, often use software systems allow not only the modeling, as well as
collection and processing of experimental data. The measurement results of the modeling are
shown
graphs on the computer display. These properties have a system
EMTP-ATP.
One of the biggest benefits of computer simulation models can - review
model the phenomenon in different situations - with different combinations of values of
parameters influencing the behavior of the object to which the observed phenomenon.
The publication is intended for students of technical universities, especially faculties of
electrical engineering who are struggling with the simulation of phenomena occurring in the
electricity sector. Is a
also addressed to users of EMTP-ATP and also to those who solve problems of computer
modeling in electricity is near.
Kosice, 2012 Author

Contents 3
Contents
Contents...................................................................................................................................... 3
First part......................................................................................................................................4
Basics of EMTP-ATP...............................................................................................................4
1 controls................................................................................................................................5
2 Examples of DC source.......................................................................................................7
2.1 My first circuit............................................................................................................. 7
2.1.1 Deja calculating temporary solution ......................................................................7
2.1.2 Addressing transition deja program EMTP-ATP ...................................................7
2.2 RL circuit with a DC source ..................................................................................... 14
2.3 Test inaccurate readings ...........................................................................................22
2.4 DC circuit with resistors ............................................................................................25
3 single-phase circuits ..........................................................................................................31
4 Off and open circuit ......................................................................................................126
4.1 Parameters characterizing off short-circuit current ................................................126
4.2 Current injection method for solving transient recovery voltage during shutdown circuit
.................................................................................................................................127
4.2.1 The sequence of steps when entering information in the program ATP ............128
4.3 Induction current interruption ................................................................................140
5 3-phase circuits .............................................................................................................. 148
6 Analysis of fault conditions, using different models of transformers in the program
EMTP-ATP ............................................................................................................................ 159
6.1 Analysis of fault conditions a short circuit on the secondary side of the transformer
159
6.1.1 Calculation of the parameter elements mains ................................................. 160
6.1.2 Calculations of short-circuit currents .............................................................. 160
6.2 Setting parameters Circuit elements in EMTP-ATP .............................................. 162
6.3 Ideal three-phase transformer ................................................................................162
6.4 Dvojvinuovho use of a 3-phase transformer saturation (without saturation) ......163
6.5 Dvojvinuovho use of a 3-phase transformer saturation (SO saturation) .............166
6.6 Use transformer type BCTRAN .............................................................................167
6.7 Comparison of the results of short-circuit currents ................................................168
7 Analysis, switch the mains .............................................................................................170
8 Transposition management ............................................................................................176
9 Three-phase power converters .......................................................................................181
9.1 Circuit description ..................................................................................................181
10 Cables ............................................................................................................................. 192
10.1 The sequence of steps when entering information in the program ATP ................194
11 transformers ................................................................................................................... 198
11.1 The sequence of steps when entering information in the program ATP ................200
Used and recommended reading ............................................................................................204
When dumb
silent, it is looking
like wise.
Romani proverb
First part
Basics of EMTP-ATP
A collection of I 5
1 CONTROLS
1.1 Zoom environment ATPDraw version 2.0
The selection menu for selecting the circuit elements:
Fig. 1.1 menu to select the elements in the circuit
Probes & 3-phase

They are particularly voltage, current and other probes
Branch Linear
Linear branch circuit - resistors, inductors, capacitors, RLC circuits
Nonlinear Branch
Non-linear branch circuit
Lines / Cables
Models of overhead lines and cables (-cell)
Line model with distributed parameters (transposed and transposed)
Switches
Switches - or time and voltage-sensitive semiconductor devices
sources
Resources - DC, AC, and more
machines
Machines (synchronous, universal, DC)
Transformers
transformers
Models
The user has the option to create your own model in the language of ATP
TACS
Use procedures TACS (Transient Analysis of Control Systems)
A collection of I 7
2 Examples with DC source
2.1 My first circuit

Try to work with the program EMTP-ATP to solve simple circuit RL and compare
it with the calculation according to the theory of circuits. Rieme transients connection RL
serial circuit to the DC source. These are the values of R = 10 , L = 20 mH and the
power supply voltage U = 10 V. The wiring diagram is shown in Fig.2.1.
Fig. 2.1 The circuit diagram
2.1.1 Deja calculating temporary solution
According to the second Kirchhoff law applies to

circuit equation:
(2.1)
di
L R and U
dt
Using Laplace transform will apply:
(2.2)
Lp RI p
I p Land0 U
p
Since before the closure of switch raced circuit no current will and0
0 .
To determine the time course depending upon current circuit breaker is used for the
decomposition of sentence.
U (2.3)
I p
p R L

p
andTU
R

L T (2.4)
and

and
1e
R
where iIt is a stable component aitransient component.
2.1.2 Addressing transition deja program EMTP-ATP

A collection of I 7
In an environment Graphic pre ATPDraw Draw a diagram of FIG. 2.2. Pressing the
right mouse button on the desktop window to select a basic circuit elements, composing them
together and press the left button outside the building fixujete its position (while it is
necessary to hold the mouse button and then move to a single element to that location). Red
drawing object signals that have not yet been entered values in the area. This is done in the
dialog box that can be opened by pressing the right mouse button on the selected object.
Handling nodes is done by right-clicking on the node where the chosen "Ground" when the user
wants to knot territorial or "Display" if the user wants to display the label on your desktop.
Fig. 2.2 circuit diagram in ATPDraw
Voltage 10 V shall be entered in the source table to Amp.
Fig. 2.3 Input window for data entry in ATPDraw
At a current probe is confirmed by the choice of one phase.
On a timer is set in the T-op value of 0.02 (as a separator is necessary to use a period).
A collection of I 9
When the inductor L to the value specified 20 (the default setting is input inductance
value units millihenries (MH), not in the basic unit Henry (H)).
When the resistor value in the RES entered 10th

Other values can be left unchanged. For further explanation of their meaning will be
displayed by pressing the "help" dialog box. Contains detailed guidance Rule Book to EMTP-
ATP program.
To simulate the transition deja must set conditions simulation by selecting Settings and
ATP Simulation.
Fig. 2.8 The selection menu for entering data in ATPDraw
-5
Entered the step of calculating the delta T 10 the time t 20 ms max.
A collection of I 11
Fig. 2.9 Dialog ATP / Settings
Fig. 2.10 Selection menu for entering data in ATPDraw
While for values Xopt and Copt applies:

For XoPT:
the value of the inductor is characterized by inductance (mH), as the Xopt = 0,
It characterized by the value of the inductor reactance (W), in the Xopt = set frequency.
AwayoPT:
the value of the capacitor is characterized by a capacity (mF) as the Copt = 0,
Value capacitor will be characterized by susceptanciou (Ms) unless the
Copt = set frequency.
Thus creating a schema is saved the CTRL-S with the selected name, for example.
zapRL. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
preprocessor ATPDraw. It is advisable, if possible, use filenames name, is required not to use
spaces in the file name, and it is good to limit file name length to Max. 8 characters.
Make File command in the top menu ATP is created in a subdirectory ATP ATP data
files with the same name with the extension * .atp (ie zapRL.atp).
ATP command run in the top menu starts calculation of ATP in ATP program that
results in files with the extension * and * .lis .pl4. * .lis Set the output data file as well as *
.atp can be viewed from within ATPDraw choice ATP Edit.
Files with the extension * .pl4 are compressed video data that can be viewed from
some graphical postprocessors such as PlotXY. Still in the area ATPDraw option from the top
menu ATP run PlotXY launch the graphical postprocessor

and it is marked C: XX0001-XX0002 (XX number of nodes may be different than in this
example) the expected course of current. Pressing the left mouse button is selected in the
course of transfer values to display and press the Plot appears.
Fig. 2:14 dialog PlotXY program for rendering waveforms
Press Copy reliance stored and it is possible to insert the file into Word.
As seen from this brief instructions, can be performed with the program activities of ATP
directly within ATPDraw. The example provided by a procedure which is common to the majority
of cases dealt program. A more detailed explanation of other options to program the reader can see,
for example. Rule Book in the program EMTP-ATP.
Fig. 2.15 The course of the current in the periphery

of the above
2.2 RL circuit with a DC source
Exam
ple
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 2.16 check the voltage drops on the individual
passive
circuit elements (resistor, coil, power) and the current in the circuit at t = 0.0005 s, if the
parameters of the circuit elements: R 10 = L = 20 mH and power supply voltage U = 10 V
switches with switches at time t = 0 returns to the off state at time t = 0.02 s.
Fig. 2.16 Schematic diagram
solution:
In an environment Graphic pre ATPDraw is the electric diagram of FIG. 2.17. It is

necessary to observe the direction of flow of the variable (in this case, current) by turning the
element in the right direction (the direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the ammeter
readings of a given quantity). The current direction is chosen in correspondence with the
scheme in Fig.2.16 Alternatively, this rotation is not necessary.
To voltage U1 is set in item 10 Amp value and entry of batter onto the dough and -1 to
1, resulting in a constant voltage source. Under Type of source is kept Voltage option.
Voltage 10 V shall be entered in the source table heading Amp.

Fig. 02.18 Setting parameters for a voltage source U
On the Current Probe (ammeter) is confirmed by the choice of one phase.
Fig. 19.2 Setting ammeter
On a timer is set in the T-CL -1 and T-op value of 0.02 (as a separator is necessary to
use a period).
Fig. 20.02 Setting switch

When the inductor L to the value specified 20 (the default setting is in mH (milli
Henry), not H).
Fig. 21.2 Setting the coil
When the resistor value in the RES entered 10th
Fig. 22.2 Setting resistor
Other values can be left unchanged. For further explanation of their meaning will
appear after pressing the "help" in the current window element. Contains detailed guidance
Rule Book to EMTP-ATP program.
ATP Simulation.
Fig. 02.23 ATP - Settings
Entered the step of calculating the delta T 1E-6, the time t 1 with max.
Fig. 24.2 Settings dialog - Simulation
While for values Xopt and Copt applies:

For XoPT:
It characterized by the value of the inductor reactance (W), in the Xopt = set frequency.
AwayoPT:
the value of the capacitor is characterized by a capacity (mF) as the Copt = 0,
Value capacitor will be characterized by susceptanciou (Ms) unless the
Copt = set frequency.
zapRL. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project preprocessor
ATPDraw. You must use filenames name, and do not use spaces in the file name, and it is good to
limit file name length to Max. 8 characters (for lower versions).
Make File ... command in the top menu ATP is created in a subdirectory ATP data
ATP file to the same name with the extension * .atp (ie zapRL.atp).
Fig. 02.25 ATP - Make File ...
.atp can be viewed from within ATPDraw choice ATP Edit.
Fig. 02.26 ATP - ATP Run
Fig. 02.27 ATP - run PlotXY
And it is labeled in XX0001-XX0002 the expected course of the voltage drop UL, in
XX0003-XX0001 course of the voltage drop and the US in XX0002- running voltage drop UR.
Pressing the left mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and press the Plot view it.
Note: the numbers of nodes may be different, depending on the circuit diagram and may not
correspond to this numbering!
Window PlotXY you press the Manual Scale menu buttons at the bottom of the
window (third from left) (fig. 2.29) And then in the window Manual Scaling enter the
minimum and maximum limits for displaying waveforms. We need just one period, ie in the
X-Axis Max set value of 0.01 (Fig.2.30) And confirm with OK. (Note: The decimal point in
the window Manual Scaling inserted as a comma, not a period).
Fig. 2:29 Scale Manual Button
Fig. 30/02 Window Scaling Manual
Window PlotXY press the Show Cursor menu buttons at the bottom of the window
(fourth from left) (fig. 2.31) And then we move the cursor (vertical) line to see the values in
the required time and amplitude. Here we find consensus, the corresponding amplitude and
phase angle, ie the time of the passage by zero values.
Fig. 2.31 Show Cursor button
Fig. 2:32 Views values of

voltage drops at a time
t = 0.005 s
Fig. 18 Traces of voltage dropsUR. UL. UWITH

Fig. 2:33 Traces of voltage dropsUR. UL. UWITH
From readings of the waveform in Fig. 2:32 and FIG. 2:33 it is seen that at time t = 0.005
holds: UL (0.005) = 0.82106 V, UR (0.005) = 9.1789 V, US (0.005) = 0 V.
Voltage drop on the switch can also be obtained by adding the remaining voltage drops
to the passive elements in the circuit and comparing the voltage of the source:
We press the census two waveforms (Fig. 2:34) And then selects the window
variables (Variables) two waveforms (in this case, that of voltage across the resistor and coil
former in-XX0002 and XX0001: XX0002-). After pressing the Plot appears lettered course
(Fig.2:35). In that course, to a good approximation, it is seen that the switch is not a
consumer of electricity, and therefore, it is the voltage drop. Similarly, from this graph shows
that at time t0, 1 witha voltage is linearly increasing and does not acquire the maximum
value of the voltage source (10) from the connection time, but after some time. This section is
the definition of time step (delta) that we set the dial ATP - Settings - Simulation 1with.
Thus, the value of the first iteration (delta, ie t0, 1 withwearenotcorrectandwe
needtoreadoutfrothegraphatatieT delta.
Fig. 2:34 Button census two waveform window PlotXY
Fig. 2:35 Course census voltage drops

2.3 Test inaccurate readings
Exam
ple
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 2:36 Determine through
ATPDraw current to the resistor, and the voltage drop across the resistor at t =
10 s, if the voltage of the DC source 10, the resistance of the resistor 2 .
Fig. 2:36 diagram
solution:
In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 2.37. To voltage then set a value of
10 Amp and the dough item 0, resulting in permanent
voltage source. In the Type of Source Voltage leaving the choice.
Fig. 2:37 diagram in

ATPDraw
Fig. 2:38 Setting the voltage source
In the properties
resistor then set the value of
RES 2. Set options Output
Current & Voltage (Fig. 2:39).
Fig. 2:39 Setting resistor

Time simulation of the conditions set options from the top menu ATP Settings and
Simulation (Fig. 2:40). Since this is a one-way circuit and in this case we are not interested
transients, it is sufficient if you set up the calculation of delta T 0.1 are also similar
computation time, but at least as given in the assigned tasks (10 s), for example. Tmax 10 a
(FIG.2:41).
Fig. 2:40 ATP - Settings Fig. 2:41 Settings dialog box - Simulation
files with the same name with the extension * .atp (Fig. 2:42). ATP command run in the top
menu starts calculation of ATP in ATP program that results in files with the extension * and *
.lis .pl4 (Fig.2:43). In an environment ATPDraw the option from the top menu ATP run PlotXY
launch the graphical postprocessor (Fig.2:44).
Fig. 2:42 ATP - Make File ... Fig. 2:43 ATP - ATP run Fig. 2:44 ATP - run PlotXY
And it is labeled C: XX0004- the expected course of the current and in XX0004-
course of the voltage drop across the resistor R. pressing the left mouse button is labeled the
waveforms to view and press the Plot view it.
Fig. 2:46 course of voltage and current in the above

periphery
As seen from the waveform of the, at t = 10 s, the current in branch I = 5 A and the voltage
drop U size = 10 V.
2.4 DC circuit with resistors
Exam
ple
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 2:47 Determine through
ATPDraw current to the resistors and the voltage drops on the resistors in these
time t = 10 s, if the power source has a value of 5 A, R @ 2 = 1/3 , R 3 =
0.5, 0.2 R4, R5 = 0, 25 , R 6 = 1 .
Fig. 2:47 diagram

solution:
In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 2.48. On current source then set a
value of 5 Amp and dough item 0, resulting in permanent
power source. In the Type of Current Source option selection.
Fig. 2:48 diagram in ATPDraw
Fig. 2:49 Setting the power source
In the properties of the resistor R2 are set under the RES value of 0.33333. The set
options Output Current & Voltage (Fig.2:50). Similar methods and relevant parameters when
setting resistors R3, R4, R5, R6.
Fig. 2:50 Setting resistor R2
Fig. 2:51 Setting the resistors R3 and R4

Fig. 2:52 Setting the resistors R5 and R6
Simulation (Fig. 2:53). Since this is a one-way circuit and in this case we are not interested
transients, it is sufficient if you set up the calculation of delta T 0.1 is likewise the time of
calculation, at least not as it was entered in the assigned tasks (10 s), Tmax 100 s (Fig.2:54).
Make File ... command in the top menu ATP is created in a subdirectory ATP ATP data
And it is labeled C: XX0001-XX0007 the expected course of the current flowing

through the resistor R6. Pressing the left mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and
press the Plot view it. Note: the numbers of nodes may be different, depending on the circuit
diagram and may not correspond to this numbering!
(second from left) (fig. 2:59) And then we move the cursor (vertical) line to see the values in
the required time. In our case at the time of 10 s (FIG.2.60).
Fig. 2:59 Button Show Cursor

Fig. 2.60 Show

settings
Fig. 2.61 The course of currents in the above periphery
Similarly, the designation in XX0004-XX0007 It summarizes the voltage drop across the
resistor R6. Pressing the left mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and press the Plot
view it.
Fig. 2.62 Dialog program PlotXY for rendering waveforms
(second from left) (fig. 2.63) And then we move the cursor (vertical) line to see the values in
the required time. In our case at the time of 10 s (FIG.2.64).
Fig. 2.64 Show

settings
Fig. 2.65 The course of currents in the above periphery
After deduction of the value of the waveform can be found that:

I 2 2,293 UR2 0,7643V
I 3 A3.1847 UR3 1,5924V
I 4 2,707 A UR4 0,5414V
I 5 0.8917 UR 5
0,2229V
AI6 1,8153A UR 6
1,8153V
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
Example 1
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 3.1AA Fig. 3.1b Determine through the
ATPDraw unknown voltage UX in the atT U Max sinj wT atT U e j , if
form:
or Max

you know that: R1 = 1 toR2 2 KC = 0.124 mF UMax W = 100, f = 50 Hz, = 1/4p.
a) b)
Fig. 3.1 Wiring diagrams of circuits
solution
In ATPDraw will create the circuit diagram of FIG. 3.2AA Fig. 3.2b.
To voltage U is set maximum supply voltage of heading Amp
100. Under Tsta is set to -1 and the dough to 1, resulting in a constant voltage source for 1
second. Under Type of source is kept Voltage option. Phase rotation is entered in Item Pha -45
(because the default setting assumes cosine voltage source supply, ie - 90 = 1 / 4-
90 = 45 - 90 = -45 ) and frequency under F 50th
On the model of the capacitor element under item set value 124 (the default setting is
F (micro farad), not in Farad) (Fig. 3.3). The resistor RES to the entered value of 1000 (the
resistor R1), and 2000 (in resistor R2) (FIG.3.4).
Other values can be left unchanged. For further explanation of their meaning is
appears after pressing the "help" in the current window element. More detailed instructions are
contained in the literature Rule Book to EMTP-ATP program.
a) b)
Fig. 3.2 Wiring diagrams of the circuit
Fig. 3.3 Setting parameters for a voltage source U and capacitor C
Fig. 3.4 Parameter setting resistors R 1 and R2
Fig. 3.5 Setting voltmeter
In order to easily read the value of a graphic post-processor PlotXY, it is necessary to

name the major nodes in the diagram. Right mouse button click the node at the menu of the
node where the box To: enter the name of the node, for example. Knot (Fig.3.6a). Similarly,
set the node name in case b) UZOLB (Fig.3.6b). After pressing OK, the color black named node.
a) b)
Fig. 3.6 Setting node
To simulate the transition deja must set conditions simulations choice ATP Settings tab
and Simulation (Fig. 3.7). The maximum number of steps in the calculation is limited to 1
million, so it is necessary to adapt to this limitation and time of calculation and the smallest step
calculation. Entered the step of calculating example. delta T 1E-7, the time t max to 0:04 (to
determine the phase offset voltage or current is sufficient and 1 period, ie 20 ms) (Figure.3.8).
Fig. 3.7 ATP - Settings Fig. 3.8 Settings dialog box - Simulation
While for optional values Xand opt Copt applies:
For XoPT:
It characterized by the value of the inductor reactance () as the Xopt = mains frequency.
For CoPT:
the value of the capacitor is characterized by a capacity (F) as the Copt = 0,
Value capacitor will be characterized by susceptanciou ( S) unless will
be
Copt = mains frequency.
example1. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
preprocessor ATPDraw. It is advisable to use filenames name, prohibited to use them in the
file space and it is good to limit file name length to Max. 8 characters.
Make command File As ... from the top menu ATP is created in a subdirectory ATP
ATP data files with the same name with the extension * .atp (ie priklad1.atp) (Fig. 3.9). ATP
command run in the top menu starts calculation of ATP in ATP program that results in files with
the extension * and * .lis .pl4 (Fig.3.10). * .lis Set the output data file as well as * .atp can be
viewed from within ATPDraw choice ATP Edit. Files with extension
* .pl4 The compressed image data that can be viewed by one of the display
postprocessors such as PlotXY. In an environment ATPDraw the option run PlotXY
from the top menu starts ATP graphic post-processor (Fig. 3.11).
Fig. 3.9 ATP - Make File ... Fig. 10.03 ATP - ATP Run Fig. 11.03 ATP - run PlotXY
The graphical postprocessor is marked in node - the expected voltage waveform ux a)

(ie between node voltage node and ground; the earth does not ATPDraw marking) in UZOLB -
running voltage drop UX b) (ie the voltage between node UZOLB and ground).
Pressing the left mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and press the Plot view it.
Note: the numbers of nodes may be different, depending on the circuit diagram and may not
correspond to this numbering.
Fig. 3:12 dialog PlotXY subroutine to draw the waveforms
That the various waveforms overlap, first show and read the voltage between the node
and the ground node (Fig. 3.13).
Fig. 3:13 When viewing during tensions with XA)
For reading the maximum value of the voltage is sufficient to subtract the amount of
peak values at any Maxime (Fig. 3.14). To increase the accuracy of reading you need to make
enough magnification of the area.
Fig. 3:14 procedure outlined areas the mouse pointer to enlarge
For accurate demarcation of view of the course can be used in the bottom menu
buttons window button PlotXY Manual Scale (third from left) (fig. 3.15) And then in the
window Manual Scaling specify minimum and maximum limits x-and y-axis to display
waveforms.

The following procedure carried out by tracing the course. In the bottom menu buttons
press the windows PlotXY Show Cursor (fourth from left) (fig.3.17) And then we move the
cursor (vertical) line to see the values in the required time and amplitude.
Fig. 18.3 Location subtracting the maximum value
Of course this can be seen that the maximum stress is 2.5651 V. As for the phase
rotation ,anditcanbecalculatedinvariousways.
One method of calculating the phase rotation of the first time to achieve the maximum of
the sinus waveform. By reference to the FIG.3.18 this calculation would have the following
entry:
3 0.02
T 7.375910
T 4 360 317.2
360

n 4 0.02

360 360 1
T
Where the phase rotation, n is the order period, t the first time to reach maximum sinus, T
period T f. 1
Another method of determining the phase rotation is the intersection of time

beginning with sinus x-axis. Previously, however, appropriate for faster readings, set raster
follows. In the lower window menu PlotXY after pressing the Customize plot (second from
the left in Fig.3.17) Brings new window Plot options where ticks grid settings in the item Grid
Display and then confirm with the OK button.
Fig. 3.19 grid settings in the Options window Fence and Places reading time zero-crossing
The area around the beginning of the transition sinus zero sufficiently large extent
similar, as in the previous case (Fig. 3.14).
In the lower window menu PlotXY values are displayed in a place where there is
Trace cursor (time - in black; t = 0.022378, the amplitude - red;
-6
atx = 4,3736.10 IN).
Fig. 21.3 Subtract time zero crossing sinus
From the beginning of the sinus passage of time zero it is possible to calculate the
phase rotation according to the formula:
T 0.022378
360n 3603601 360317.196
T 0.02
Of the two terms can be seen sufficient compliance . The

2,565e j317,2 IN
resulting tensions between the entry node and the ground x,
a)
node is: u
The same procedure in the case of b).

Display and readings of tension between the node and ground UZOLB be held
FIG. 3.22.
Fig. 3:22 Views over the tensions in XB)
any peak value at maximum. To increase the accuracy of reading you need to make enough
magnification of the area (Fig.3.23).
waveforms.

Fig. 27.3 Location subtracting the maximum value
Of course this is seen that the maximum value of the voltage 66.664 V. As for the
phase rotation andcanbecalculatedasincasea.
One method of calculating the phase rotation of the first time to achieve the maximum
During the sinus. By reference to the FIG.3.27 this calculation would have the following entry:
3 0.02
T 2.472810
T 4 360 405.5 45.5
360

n 4 0.02

360 360 1
T
Where the phase rotation, n is the order period, t the first time to reach peak
sinus, T period T . Phase rotation is normally made between0 ; 360) .
1
F
therefore it was necessary from the angle of 405.5 read 360 degrees.
Another method of determining the phase rotation , The time from the intersection of
the beginning of the sinus with the axis x. Previously, however, appropriate for faster readings,
set raster
as follow. In the lower window menu PlotXY after pressing the Customize plot (second
left in Fig. 3.26) Brings new window Plot options where ticks grid settings in the item Grid
Fig. 3.28 grid settings in the Options window Fence and Places readings transit time during the
voltage zero
similar, as in the previous case (Fig. 3.23).
-4
atx = 7,5841.10 IN).
Fig. 30.3 Subtract time zero crossing sinus
T 0.017473 360
360n 3603601 45.5
T 0.02
66.664e j 45.5IN .
resulting tensions between the entry node UZOLB and x,
b)
earth is it:
The results:
a) a x,a) 2,565e j317,2 IN
t j 45.5
x, 66.664e IN
b) a b)
t
Example 2
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 1a and FIG. Determine 1b through the
ATPDraw unknown voltage UX in the atT U Max sinj wT atT ax
j

, if
form: e
or Um
you know that: R1 = 1 toR2 2 KL = 1.041 H, UMax W = 100, f = 50 Hz, = 1/3p.
a) b)
Fig. 1 Wiring diagrams of the circuit
solution
In ATPDraw will create the circuit diagram of FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b.
second. Under Type of source is kept Voltage option.
Phase rotation is entered in Item Pha -30 (because the default setting of the voltage source to a
presumption cosine, ie - 90 = 1 / 3- 90 = 60 - 90 = 30 ) and frequency under
F 50th
On the model of element coils will be entered in box L value 1041 (default setting is in
mH (milli Henry), not Henry) (Figure 3). When the resistor to the RES entered
The value 1000 (the resistor R1), and 2000 (in resistor R2) (FIG.
4).
appears after pressing the "help" in the current window element. Detailed guidance is
contained
Rule Book in the literature on the program
EMTP-ATP.
a) b)
Fig. 3 Setting the voltage source U and the coil L

Fig. 4 Parameter setting resistors R 1 and R2
Fig. 5 Setting voltmeter

node where the box To: enter the node name in capital letters, for example. Knot (Fig. 6a).
Similarly, set the node name in case b) UZOLB (Fig. 6b). After pressing OK, the color black
named node.
a) b)
Fig. 6 Setting node
and Simulation (Fig. 7). The maximum number of steps in the calculation is limited to 1
million, so it is necessary to adapt to this limitation and time of calculation and the lowest step
of the calculation. Entered the step of calculating example. delta T 1E-7, the time t max to
0:04 (to determine the phase offset voltage or current is sufficient and 1 period, ie 20 ms)
(Figure 8).
Fig. 7 ATP - Settings Fig. 8 Dialog Settings - Simulation


For XoPT:
For
CoPT:
value capacitor will be characterized by capacity (FastheCopt = 0,
value capacitor will be characterized susceptanciou (S) as long as
example2. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
Make command File As ... from the top menu ATP is created in a subdirectory ATP data
ATP file to the same name with the extension * .atp (ie priklad2.atp) (Fig. 9). ATP command run
in the top menu starts calculation of ATP in ATP program that results in files with the extension *
and * .lis .pl4 (Fig. 10). * .lis Set the output data file as well as ensemble
* .atp Can be viewed from within ATPDraw choice ATP Edit. Files with the extension * are
.pl4
the compressed image data that can be viewed by one of graphic post processor such as
PlotXY. In an environment ATPDraw the choice PlotXY run from the top menu ATP launch
the graphical postprocessor (Fig. 11).
Fig. 9 ATP - Make File ... Fig. 10 ATP - Run ATPObr. 11 ATP - run PlotXY
The graphical postprocessor is marked in node - the expected voltage waveform ux a)

a voltage ux b) (ie the voltage between node UZOLB and ground). Pressing the left mouse
button is labeled the waveforms to view and press the Plot view it. Note: the numbers of
nodes may be different, depending on the circuit diagram and may not correspond to this
numbering.
Fig. 12 Dialog PlotXY subroutine to draw the waveforms

Node and the ground (Fig. 13).
Fig. 13 View over the tensions inXA)
peak values at any Maxime (Fig. 14). To increase the accuracy of reading you need to make
Fig. 14 procedure outlined areas of the mouse pointer to enlarge
buttons window PlotXY button Manual Scale (third from left) (fig. 15) and then in the
waveforms .
Fig. 15 Button Manual Scale
Fig. 16 Manual Window Scaling
you press the windows PlotXY Show Cursor (fourth from left) (fig. 17), then we move the
Fig. 17 Button Show Cursor

Fig. 18 Place subtracting the maximum value
Of course this is seen that the maximum value of the voltage 67.154 V. As for the phase
During the sinus. By reference to the FIG. 18, this calculation was the following entry:
3 0.02
T 1.496310
T 4 360 423.07 63,07
360

n 4 0.02

360 360 1
T
1
F
therefore it was necessary to read the angle of 423.07 360 .
left in Fig. 17) brings new window Plot options where ticks grid settings in the item Grid
Fig. 19 grid settings in the Options window Fence and Places reading time zero-crossing
similar, as was before (FIG. 14).
Fig. 20 procedure outlined areas the mouse pointer to enlarge

In the lower window menu PlotXY values are displayed in a place where there is the
trace cursor (time - in black; t = 0.016496, the amplitude - red; ux = -1,4336.10-3 IN).
Fig. 21 Reading transit time sinus zero
T 0.016496 360
360n 3603601 63,07
T 0.02
67.154e J63 IN
resulting tensions between the entry node and the ground x,
a)
node is: u

FIG. 22nd
Fig. 22 View over the tensions inXB)

any peak value at maximum. To increase the accuracy of the reading to be carried out a
sufficient number of a magnification of the area (FIG. 23).
waveforms .
press the windows PlotXY Show Cursor (fourth from left) (fig. 26) and then move the cursor
(vertical) line to see the values in the required time and amplitude.

rotation andcanbecalculatedasinthecaseof ea).
3 0.02
T 2.112310
T 4 360 411.98 51,98
360

n 4 0.02

360 360 1

T
1
F
the beginning of the sinus with the axis x. Previously, however, appropriate for faster
readings, set raster follows. In the lower window menu PlotXY after pressing the Customize
plot (second from the left in Fig. 26) calls a new window Plot options where ticks grid
settings in the item Grid Display and then confirm with the OK button.
Fig. 28 grid settings in the Options window Fence and Places readings transit time during the
voltage zero
trace cursor (time - in black; t = 0.017473, the amplitude - red; ux = 7,5841.10-4 IN).
T 0.017112 360
360n 3603601 51,98
T 0.02
94.458e j51,98 IN .
resulting tensions between the entry node UZOLB and x,
b)
earth is it:
The results:
a) a x,a) 67.154e J63 IN
t j51,98
x, 94.458e IN
b) ab)
t
Example 3
ATPDraw unknown currents andx shaped: andT IMax sinj wT andT I If you
j
or Max
know
e
that R1 = 1 toR2 2 K, L = 1.041 H, C = 124 F, I,Max A = 1.12, f = 50 Hz, = 1/3p.
a) b)
solution
On current source I is set maximum supply current of 1.12 Amp item. Under Tsta is set
to -1 and the dough to 1, resulting in a constant current source for a period of one second.
Under Type of source is selected The Current. Phase rotation is entered in Item Pha -30
(because the default setting power source
assumes cosine source, ie - 90 = 1 / 3- 90 = 60 - 90 = 30 ) and frequency

under F 50th
On the model of element coils will be entered in box L value 1041 (default
setting in mH (milli Henry), not Henry). On the model of the capacitor element under item set
value 124 (the default setting isF (micro farad), not in Farad) (Figure 3). The resistor RES to
the entered value of 1000 (the resistor R1), and 2000 (in resistor R2) (FIG. 4).
a) b)
Fig. 3 Setting the parameters for the current source I, coil L and capacitor C


node where the box To: enter the node name in capital letters, for example. UZOLA1 and
UZOLA2 (Fig. 6a). Similarly, set the node name in the case of b) and UZOLB1 UZOLB2
(Fig. 6b). After pressing OK, the color black named node.
a)
b)
Fig. 6 Setting node
(Figure 8).

For XoPT:
For CoPT:
Value capacitor will be characterized by susceptanciou (S unless will be
Example 3. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
ATP data files with the same name with the extension * .atp (ie priklad3.atp) (Fig. 9). ATP
command run in the top menu starts calculation of ATP in ATP program that results in files
with the extension * and * .lis .pl4 (Fig. 10). * .lis Set the output data file as well as ensemble
.pl4
Fig. 9 ATP - Make File ... Fig. 10 ATP - ATP Run Fig. 11 ATP - run PlotXY
The graphical postprocessor is marked C: UZOLA1 - UZOLA2 the expected course

of the current ix a) (ie the current in the branch with nodes and UZOLA1 UZOLA2) C:
UZOLB1 - UZOLB2 running current ix b) (ie the current in the branch with nodes and
UZOLB1 UZOLB2). Pressing the left mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and
press the Plot view it. Note: the numbers of nodes may be different, depending on the circuit
diagram and may not correspond to this numbering.
That the various waveforms overlap, first display and read currents between node
UZOLA1 and UZOLA2 (Fig. 13).
Fig. 13 View over the current and XA)

For reading the maximum current value is sufficient to subtract the amount of peak
values at any Maxime (Fig. 14). To increase the accuracy of reading you need to make enough
magnification of the area.
waveforms .

Of course this can be seen that the maximum current is 1.1199 A. As for the phase
3 0.02
T 1.625310
T 4 360 420,75 60.75
360

n 4 0.02

360 360 1
T
1
F
as follow. In the lower window menu PlotXY after pressing the Customize plot (second from the
left in Fig. 17) calls a new window Plot options where ticks grid settings
Grid Display the item and then press OK to confirm.
-6
andx = -4,7828.10 A).
T 0.016626 360
360n 3603601 60,73
T 0.02
Of the two terms can be seen sufficient compliance . j60,7
1.1199e A
The resulting current enrollment between node UZOLA1 and
is UZOLA2 ix a)

Display and current readings between node UZOLB1 and UZOLB2 will take place in
Fig. 22nd
Fig. 22 View over the current andXB)
For reading the maximum current value is sufficient to subtract the amount of any
peak value at maximum. To increase the accuracy of the reading to be carried out a sufficient
number of a magnification of the area (FIG. 23).
waveforms .
Of course this can be seen that the maximum current is 0.37113 A. As for the phase
rotation andcanbecalculatedasincasea.
3 0.02
T 2.011710
T 4 360 413.79 53,79
360

n 4 0.02

360 360 1
T
1
F
the beginning of the sinus with the axis x. Previously, however, appropriate for faster readings,
set raster
left in Fig. 26) brings new window Plot options where ticks grid settings
Grid Display the item and then press OK to confirm.
Fig. 28 grid settings in the Options window Fence and Places reading time during the current zero
crossing
trace cursor (time - in black; t = 0.017012, the amplitude - red ix = -2,1165.10-7 A).
T 0.017012 360
360n 3603601 53,78
T 0.02
Of the two terms can be seen sufficient compliance .
j53,8
The resulting current enrollment between node UZOLB1 and 0.37113e A
UZOLB2 is: ix, b) .
The results:
a) an 1.1199e j60,7 A
dx, 0.37113e j53,8 A
a)
b) an
dx,
b)
Example 4
ATPDraw unknown voltage UX in the atT U Max sinj wT atT ax , if
j
form: e
or Um
you know that: R1 = 1 toR2 2 K, L = 1.041 H, C = 124 F, UMax W = 100, f = 50 Hz, =
1/3p.
a) b)
solution
100. Under Tsta is set to -1 and the dough to 1, resulting in permanent
voltage supply for 1 second. Under Type of source is kept Voltage option. Phase rotation is entered
in Item Pha -30 (because the default setting of the voltage source to a presumption cosine, ie -
90 = 1 / 3- 90 = 60 - 90 = 30 ) and frequency under F 50th
mH (milli Henry), not Henry). On the model of the capacitor element under item set value
124 (the default setting is F (micro farad), not in Farad) (Figure 3). The resistor RES to the
entered value of 1000 (the resistor R1), and 2000 (in resistor R2) (FIG. 4).
appears after pressing the "help" in the current window element. Detailed guidance is
contained
EMTP-ATP.
a) b)
Fig. 3 Setting the voltage source U, coil L and capacitor C
Fig. 5 Setting voltmeter (Probe Branch volt.)

a)
b)
Fig. 6 Setting node
(Figure 8).

For XoPT:
For
CoPT:
* .atp Can be viewed from within ATPDraw choice ATP Edit. Files with the extension * .pl4
are compressed video data that can be viewed from some graphical postprocessors such as
The graphical postprocessor is marked in UZOLA1 - UZOLA2 the expected voltage

waveform ux a) (ie voltage between node UZOLA1 and UZOLA2) in UZOLB1 - UZOLB2
a voltage ux b) (ie the voltage between node UZOLB1 and UZOLB2). Pressing the left mouse
numbering.
That the various waveforms overlap, first show and read the voltage between node
Fig. 13 View over the tensions inXA)
waveforms .

0.02
T 0.012632
T 360 222.624
360
4
n 4 0.02

360 360 1
T
period T f. 1

the left in Fig. 17) calls a new window Plot options where ticks grid settings in the item Grid
trace cursor (time - in black; t = 7,6319.10-3 the amplitude - red; ux = -4,3724.10-4 IN).
3
T 7.631910 360 222.5
360 n 360 360 1

T 0.02
For both methods of determining the phase rotation is visible enough compliance .
The resulting tensions between the entry node and UZOLA1 x,a) 94.639e J
UZOLA2 is it: 222.5
IN
Display and readings tensions between node UZOLB1 and UZOLB2 will take place in
Fig. 22nd
Fig. 22 View over the tensions inXB)
waveforms .

Of course this can be seen that the maximum voltage is 75,184 V. In terms of phase
0.02
T 0.011667
T 4 360 239.99
360

n 4 0.02

360 360 1
T
period T f. 1
Fig. 28 grid settings in the Options window Fence and Places readings transit time during the voltage
zero
trace cursor (time - in black; t = 6,6664.10-3 the amplitude - red; ux = 7,8942.10-4 IN).
3
T 6,666710 360 240
360 n 360 3601

T 0.02
75,184e j
The resulting tensions between the entry node and UZOLB1 x,
240
UZOLB2 is it:
b) IN .
The results:
a) ax,a) 94.639e J 222.5IN
t j 240
x, 75,184e IN
b) a b)
Example 5
ATPDraw known voltage U2 in the form: at T U sinj wT at
Max j
2 2max 2
e .
or T U2
If you know that R = 1 k, L = 1.041 H, C = 124 F, Umax = 100 V, f = 50 Hz, = 1/4p.
a) b)
solution
90 = 45 - 90 = -45 ) and frequency under F 50. When the resistor value registered in
RES 1000 (Fig. 3).
value 124 (the default setting isF (micro farad), not in Farad) (Figure 4).
appear after pressing the "help" in the current window element. More detailed instructions are
a) b)
Fig. 3 Setting the voltage source and resistor R U

Fig. 4 Setting the coil L and capacitor C

named node.
a) b)
Fig. 6 Setting node
(Figure 8).


For XoPT:
For
CoPT:
.pl4
The graphical postprocessor is marked in node - the expected voltage waveform U2 a)

a voltage U2, b) (ie the voltage between node UZOLB and ground). Pressing the left mouse
numbering.

Fig. 13 View over the tensions in2, a)
waveforms .

3 0.02
T 7,25510
360n T 4 360 319.41

4 0.02

360 360 1
T
period T f. 1


trace cursor (time - in black; t = 2,2552.10-3 the amplitude - red, U2 = 7,8071.10-6 IN).
3
T 2.255210 360 319,41
360 n 360 360 1

T 0.02
The resulting tensions between the entry node and the 2.5611e
j319,4
IN
ground node is: U2, a)

Display and readings of tension between the node and ground UZOLB will take place in
Fig. 22nd
Fig. 22 View over the tensions in2, b)

waveforms .

3 0.02
T 8.349510
T 4 360 299,71
360 n

4 0.02

360 360 1

T
period T f. 1
voltage zero
trace cursor (time - in black; t = 3,3495.10-3 the amplitude - red, U2 = -9,1475.10-6 IN).
3
T 3.349510 360 299,71
360 n 360 3601

T 0.02
Of the two terms can be seen sufficient compliance . J 299.7
2.4555e IN .
The resulting tensions between the entry node and the
ground is UZOLB: U2, b)
The results:
a) at2, 2.5611e j319,4 IN
a)
J 299.7
2.4555e IN
b) at2,
b)
Example 6
ATPDraw known voltage U2 in the form: at T U
2 sinj wT
2max at T U 2 2max
j
.
or e
If you know that R = 1 k, L = 1.041 H, C = 124 F, Umax = 100 V, f = 50 Hz, = 1/4p.
a) b)
solution
90 = 1 / 4- 90 = 45 - 90 = -45 ) and frequency under F 50. When the resistor
value registered in RES 1000 (Fig. 3).
mH (milli Henry), not Henry). On the model of the capacitor element under item set value
124 (the default setting is F (micro farad), not in Farad) (Figure 4).
a) b)

node where the box To: enter the node name in capital letters, for example. node
(FIG. 6a). Similarly, set the node name in case b) UZOLB (Fig. 6b). After pressing OK, the
color black named node.
a) b)
Fig. 6 Setting node
(Figure 8).

For XoPT:
For CoPT:
be
priklad6. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
are compressed video data that can be viewed from some graphical postprocessor
such as PlotXY. In an environment ATPDraw the choice PlotXY run from the top menu ATP
starts a graphic post-processor (FIG. 11).

numbering.
waveforms .
Of course this can be seen that the maximum voltage is 0.065744 V. As for the phase
the sinus waveform. By reference to the FIG. 18, this calculation was the following entry:
0.02
T 0.012255
T 360 229,41
360 n
4
4 0.02

360 360 1

T
period T f. 1


3
T 7.255210 360 229,41
360 n 360 360 1

T 0.02
The resulting tensions between the entry node and the 0.06574e j
ground node is: U2, a) 229.41
IN

FIG. 22nd
waveforms .

rotation And can be calculated as in case a).
0.02
T 0.01515
T 4 360 177.3
360 n

4 0.02

360 360 1

T
period T f. 1
voltage zero
-5
at2 = 5,961.10 IN).
T 0.01015
360n 3603601 360177.3
T 0.02
j177,3
The resulting tensions between the entry node and the 8.0618e IN .
The results:
a) at2, 0.06574e j 229.41IN
a)
8.0618e j177,3IN
b) at2,
b)
Example 7
Max
j
.
2 2max 2
e
or T U2
If you know that R = 1 k, L = 1.041 H, C = 124 F, Umax = 100 V, f = 50 Hz,
= 1/6p.
a) b)
solution
90 = 1 / 6- 90 = 30 - 90 = 60 ) and frequency under F 50. When the resistor
value registered in RES 1000 (Fig. 3).
a) b)

named node.
a) b)
Fig. 6 Setting node
(Figure 8).

For XoPT:
For
CoPT:
EXAMPLE 7. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
.pl4

numbering.
waveforms .
rotation ,itispossibletocalculatedifferentwayliit i.
0.02
T 0.020106
360n T 4 360 88,09

4 0.02

360 360 1
T
period T f. 1

trace cursor (time - in black; t = 0.015107, the amplitude - red, U2 = -3,088.10-4 IN).
T 0.015107
360n 3603601 36088.07
T 0.02
The resulting tensions between the entry node and the 27,525e j88,1 IN
ground node is: U2, a)

Fig. 22nd
waveforms .

3 0.02
T 4.181210
T 4 360 374.74 14.74
360 n

4 0.02

360 360 1
T
period T f. Phase rotation is normally made between0, 360);
1
Fig. 28 grid settings in the Options window Fence and Places readings transit time during the voltage
zero
-3
at2 = 1,6471.10 IN).
T 0.019183 360
360n 3603601 14.71
T 0.02
95,657e j14,7IN .
The resulting tensions between the entry node and the
The results:
a) at2, 27,525e j88,1 IN
a)
j14,7
95,657e IN
b) at2,
b)
Example 8
Max
j
.
2 2max 2
e
or T U2
If you know that: R1 = 1 toR2 2 KR3 = 3 toR4 = 4 to, L = 1.041 H, C = C1 = C2= 124 F,
UMax W = 100, f = 50 Hz, =
1/3p.
a) b)
solution
90 = 1 / 3- 90 = 60 - 90 = 30 ) and frequency under F 50. When the resistor
value registered in RES 1000 (when the resistors R1), 2000 (when the resistor R2), 3000
(when the resistor R3) and 4000 (the resistor R 4) (FIG. 3).
setting in mH (milli Henry), not Henry). On the model of the capacitor element to
Box C set value 124 (the default setting is F (micro farad), not in Farad) (Figure 4).
appear after pressing the "help" in the current window element. Detailed guidance is contained
EMTP-ATP.
a) b)
Fig. 3 Setting the voltage source and resistor R U 1

a)
b)
Fig. 6 Setting node
(Figure 8).

For XoPT:
For CoPT:
Value capacitor will be characterized by susceptanciou (S) unless will
be
PRIKLAD8. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
are compressed video data that can be viewed from some graphical postprocessor
such as PlotXY. In an environment ATPDraw the choice PlotXY run from the top menu ATP
starts a graphic post-processor (FIG. 11).

waveform U2 a) (ie voltage between node UZOLA1 and UZOLA2) in UZOLB1 - UZOLB2
a voltage U2, b) (ie the voltage between node UZOLB1 and UZOLB2). Pressing the left
mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and press the Plot view it. Note: the numbers
of nodes may be different, depending on the circuit diagram and may not correspond to this
numbering.

waveforms .

0.02
T 0.016544
T 4 360 152.21
360 n

4 0.02

360 360 1

T
period T f. 1

-6
at2 = -8,3592.10 IN).
T 0.011544
360n 3603601 360152.21
T 0.02
The resulting tensions between the entry node and UZOLA1 1,283e j152,2IN
UZOLA2 is U2, a)

FIG. 22nd
buttons window button PlotXY Manual Scale (third from left) (fig. 24)
and then in the window Manual Scaling specify minimum and maximum limits x-and y-axis to
display waveforms.
Of course this is seen that the maximum value of the voltage V 56.92 With respect to
the phase rotation andcanbecalculatedasincasea.
3 0.02
T 1.672110
T 4 360 419.9 59.9
360 n

4 0.02

360 360 1
T
made between0 ; 360 ), Therefore it was necessary from the

period T f. Phase rotation is normally
1
angle of 419.9 read 360 degrees.

voltage zero
trace cursor (time - in black; t = 0.016672, the amplitude - red, U2 = 4,6809.10-5 IN).

T 0.016672
360n 3603601 36059.9
T 0.02
56.92e
The resulting tensions between the entry node and UZOLB1 j59,9
UZOLB2 is: U2, b) IN .
The results:
a) at2, 1,283e j152,2IN
a)
j59,9
56.92e IN
b) at2,
b)
Example 9
ATPDraw known voltage U2 in the form: at T U
2 sinj wT
2max at T U 2 2max
j
.
or e
If you know that: R1 = 1 toR2 2 KR3 = 3 toR4 = 4 to, L = 1.041 H, C = C1 = C2= 124 F,
UMax W = 100, f = 50 Hz, =
1/3p.
a) b)
solution
90 = 60 - 90 = 30 ) and frequency under F 50. When the resistor value registered in RES
1000 (when the resistors R1), 2000 (when the resistor R2), 3000 (when the resistor R3) and
4000 (the resistor R 4) (FIG. 3).
a) b)
Fig. 3 Setting the voltage source and resistor R U 1


a)
b)
Fig. 6 Setting node
(Figure 8).

For XoPT:
For CoPT:
Value capacitor will be characterized by susceptanciou ( S) unless will be
Example 9:. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
.pl4

waveform U2 a) (ie voltage between node UZOLA1 and UZOLA2) in UZOLB1 - UZOLB2
a voltage U2, b) (ie the voltage between node UZOLB1 and UZOLB2). Pressing the left
mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and press the Plot view it. Note: the numbers
of nodes may be different, depending on the circuit diagram and may not correspond to this
numbering.
waveforms .

3 0.02
T 6.543810
T 4 360 332.21
360 n

4 0.02

360 360 1

T
period T f. 1


trace cursor (time - in black; t = 1,5441.10-3 the amplitude - red, U2 = -8,3593.10-6 IN).
3
T 1.544110 360 332,21
360 n 360 360 1

T 0.02
The resulting tensions between the entry node and UZOLA1 1,283e
UZOLA2 is U2, a) j332,2
IN

Fig. 22nd
waveforms .
0.02
T 0.013712
T 4 360 203.18
360 n

4 0.02

360 360 1

T
period T f. 1
voltage zero
From the beginning of the sinus passage of time zero it is possible to calculate the phase
rotation according to the formula:
3
T 8,71210 360 203,18
360 n 360 3601

T 0.02
11,064e J
The resulting tensions between the entry node and UZOLB1 203.2
UZOLB2 is: U2, b) IN .
The results:
a) at2, 1,283e j332,2 IN
a)
11,064e J 203.2IN
b) at2,
b)
Example 10
In accordance scheme involvement on the Fig. 1 Determine
through ATPDraw streams
passing through the different branches, where R 1 = 1, L1 = 0.001 H, R 2 = 1.5, L2 =
0.002 H,
J90
R3 = 2 L3 H = 0.001, f = 50 Hz, U1 = 125e V, U2 = 125 V.
Fig. 1 diagram
solution:
The first circuit has been resolved by Circuit Theory (Solution I) and then carry out a
check using ATPDraw (Solution II).
Solution I:
The equivalent circuit select circuit downstream of each branch (I1, I2, I3). Choose the
direction and loops under the scheme will write the appropriate voltage equation and one by
the first Kirchhoff's law.
Fig. 2 Equivalent circuit diagram
with U1 I1 R1 j wL1 I3 R3 j wL3

1: 0 U2 I3 R3 j wL3 I 2 R2 j
S2: wL2 0 I1 I 2 I3 0
1.kz:
We introduce substitution:
FROM1 R1 j
w L1 FROM2
R2 j w L2
FROM3 R3 j
wL3
After adjustment:
U I FROM3
I1 1 2
FROM1 FROM3
U FROM1 FROM3 U1 FROM3
I 2 2
FROM1 F FR F FROM3
R OM3 RO
M2
O
M2
I 3 I1 I 2
and substituting the values obtained from:
j100.6
I1 14.0775j 75.135276,44e A
j54.6
I 2 36.6258j 51.533463,23e A
I 3 22.5483j 23.601832,64 e j46.3
A
Which it means that the various courses of the current reaches its maximum at a time:
1

[with]
T T n T
T n

360 F 360 F F

wherein n = 0, 1, ... is the number of periods
For n = 0 we obtain: n
0,0144s
1 1 1 100.6 0

T1

360 F 50 360 50 50
F
F
54.6 0
1 2 n 1 0,023s

T

2 360 F

F n 5 360 50 50
F 0
0,0174s
1 3 1 46.3 0

T3

360 F 50 360 50 50
F
F
Solution
II:
In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 3. It is necessary to observe the

direction of flow of the variable (in this case, current) by turning the element in the direction
of reading text on this element (see. RLC2 which is rotated so that the direction of current
flow in the direction of reading text on this element RLC) . The current direction we have
chosen in correspondence with the scheme in Fig. 2, in the other case the rotation is not
necessary.
To voltage U1 then set the value of 125 Amp and under heading dough
0, which results in a constant voltage source. In the Type of Source Voltage leaving the choice.
Phase rotation select by Pha 0 (default setting because it assumes cosine voltage supply source)
and frequency under F 50th
Fig. 3 diagram in ATPDraw

Fig. 4 Setting the voltage source U1
Similar practices even when a voltage source U2.

Fig. 5 Setting the voltage source U2
In the Element Properties RLC1 then set the value of R 1, L value of 1 (the default
value is entered in mH). The set options Output Current (Fig. 6).
Fig. 6 Setting element RLC1
Similar methods for elements and RLC2 and RLC3.

Simulation (Fig. 9). Since this is a AC circuit and occupy us transients set up the calculation of
delta T 1E-7 for calculation, but at least at least two periods (0.04 s), for example. The T max of
0.1 (FIG. 10).
files with the same name with the extension * .atp (Fig. 11). ATP command run in the top
menu starts calculation of ATP in ATP program that results in files with the extension * and
* .lis .pl4 (Fig. 12). In an environment ATPDraw the option from the top menu ATP run
PlotXY launch the graphical postprocessor (Fig. 13).
Fig. 11 ATP - Make File ... Fig. 12 ATP - ATP run Fig. 13 ATP - run PlotXY
And it is labeled C: XX0001-XX0002 the expected course of the current I1, C:

XX0003-XX0002 progress and current I2 C: XX0002- course of the current I3. Pressing the
left mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and press the Plot view it. Note: the
numbers of nodes may be different, depending on the circuit diagram and may not correspond
to this numbering!
Fig. 14 Display window for rendering waveforms PlotXY
Window PlotXY press the Manual Scale menu buttons at the bottom of the window
(third from left) (fig. 15) and then in the window Manual Scaling enter the minimum and
maximum limits for displaying waveforms. We need just one period, ie in the X-Axis Max set
value of 0.02 (Fig. 16) and confirm with OK.
Window PlotXY you press the Show Cursor menu buttons at the bottom of the
window (fourth from left) (fig. 17), then we move the cursor (vertical) line to see the values in
the required time and amplitude. Here we find consensus, the corresponding amplitude and
phase angle, ie the time of the passage by zero values (cfr. Solution I).

Fig. 18 Display of the maximum

current value I1
Fig. 19 Time Display of current flow I 1 zero Fig. 20 The course of the current I1 in the above periphery
Fig. 21 Display of the

maximum current value
I2
Fig. 22 Time Display of current flow I2 zero Fig. 23 The course of the current I 2 in the above periphery
Fig. 24 Display of the maximum

current value I3
Fig. 25 Time Display of current flow I3 zero Fig. 26 The course of the current I 3 in the above periphery
Out of the waveform read in the first period PlotXY shows that current passes
zero at times that correspond to the phase rotation according to equation (as 360TT 360
were counted in the first period) T1 0.01439
T1 0,01439s 1 360T 0.02
360100.98259.02
360360
T2 0.00305
T2 0,00305s 2 360T 0.02
0,01745 360305.154.9
360360
T3
T3 0,01745s 3 360 T
0.02
36045.9314.4
360360
Given the size (scaling) is sufficient consensus (see actual value):

I1 76,44e I2 I 3 32,64 e j46.3A
j100.6 j54.6
A . 63,23e
A.
Example
11
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 1 Determine through
ATPDraw current flowing through individual strings, and you know that
the capacitance is equal to the value which results in the resonance circuit.
Fig. 1 diagram
solution:
For a given circuit applies the resonance of parallel connected electrical elements
arises whenever it resulting complex impedance circuit only real part, ie ohmic character. In
this case, it is sufficient that the mutual parallel connection of elements L and C equal to zero,
i.e.,
1 1 1

FROM j X C
j X
L
1 1 1

FROM
1
j j w C
wL
1
0 j w C
j wL
1
j w C
j wL
1
C
2
wL
1 1 3
C
2 pF L 2 p 50 0.01
2
2 1.013210 F
In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 2. The voltage source then set the
value of 125 Amp and under heading Tsta dough -1 and 0, resulting in a
resulting in constant voltage source. In the Type of Source Voltage leaving the choice. Phase
rotation select by Pha 0 (default setting because it assumes cosine voltage supply source) and
frequency under F 50th
Fig. 2 diagram in ATPDraw
Fig. 3 Setting the voltage source U
In the properties resistor then set the value of RES 10. Output Sets options Current &
Voltage (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4 Parameter setting resistor
In the properties of the coil adjusted in the L value of 10 (the default value is entered
in mH). The set options Output Current & Voltage (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5 Setting the coil
In the properties for the capacitor C then set the value of 1013.2 (the default is entering
values in F). The set options Output Current & Voltage (Fig. 6).
Fig. 6 Setting capacitor
Simulation (Fig. 7). Since this is alternating circuit with a frequency of 50 Hz, we are interested
transients, set up the calculation of delta T 1E-7 for calculation, but at least at least two periods
(0.04 s), for example. The T max of 0.1 (FIG. 8).
files with the same name with the extension * .atp (Fig. 9). ATP command run in the top menu
starts calculation of ATP in ATP program that results in files with the extension * and * .lis
.pl4 (Fig. 10). In an environment ATPDraw the option from the top menu ATP run PlotXY
launch the graphical postprocessor (Fig. 11).
And it is labeled in XX0005- said voltage waveform in each branch (in parallel
resonance at a given voltage circuits are equal). Pressing the left mouse button is labeled
the waveforms to view and press the Plot view it.
Fig. 12 Display window Fig. 13 of the stresses in the
above PlotXY for rendering waveforms The circuit
Similarly, the designation C: XX0005- It summarizes the current in the different

branches. Pressing the left mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and press the Plot view
it.
Fig. 14 Display window Fig. 15 Trend of current in the
branches PlotXY for rendering waveforms in the above periphery
Window PlotXY press the Manual Scale menu buttons at the bottom of the window
(third from left) (fig. 16) and then in the window Manual Scaling enter the minimum and
maximum limits for displaying waveforms. We need just one period, ie in the X-Axis Max set
value of 0.02 (Fig. 17) and confirm with OK.
(fourth from left) (fig. 18) and then move the cursor (vertical) line to see the values in the
required time and amplitude.

Fig. 19 Display of the maximum current value IR Fig. 20 Time Display of current flow IR zero
Fig. 21 The course of the current I R in the above periphery
Fig. 22 Display of the maximum current value IL Fig. 23 Time Display of current flow IL zero
Fig. 24 The course of the current IL in the above periphery

Fig. 25 Display of the maximum current value I C Fig. 26 Time Display of current flow I C zero
Fig. 27 The course of the current IC in the above periphery
Out of the waveform read in the first period PlotXY shows that current passes
zero at times that correspond to the phase rotation according to equation (as 360TT 360
were counted in the first period)
T1 0.014979
T1 0,01498s 1 360T 0.02
36090.4269.6
0
360360
T2
T2 0 2 360 TT 360 360

360 360 0
s 3 0.010.02
3 360 T 360 360 0.02 360 180 180

T3
0.01s
T
j 360
I I Max T A
e
j90
I R 12.5e A
I L 39,788e j36039,788e j0A
j180
I C 39,774 e j18039,774 e A
UR U U 125 e j90IN
UL C
4 TURN ON Open circuit

Shutting down
This is a course of intermittent contact switches when in contact separation occurs and
turns off the arc current is interrupted and renewed tensions on the switch contacts.
Disruption of power
The temporary disappearance of the current (open) and alternating current value is zero.
recovered voltage
Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV) is recovered voltage that appears on the switch
contacts after interrupting the current.
4.1 Parameters characterizing off short-circuit current

Switching off occurs at zero current transition after opening the contact switch in an
alternating circuit. Success or failure of shutdown depends on the following parameters:
The maximum value of the current in a given circuit
rate of change of current zero before passing current (di / dt)
increase recovery voltages between the contacts (dv / dt)
maximum transient recovery voltage (TRV)
arc quenching energy (gas pressure between the contacts, the shape of the contacts, the
number of serial lanes interrupting, etc.)
When switching the prevailing current steepness (di / dt), an increase TRV (dv / dt) and
the gas pressure between the contacts (p). Author determined experimentally following
equation:
dv (4.1)
The
a b
p (Di)
dt dt
Experimentally determined values for SF6 breakers from two producers

are: GCB a= 2.68, b-2.24
ABB a= 1.60, b= -1.30
Fig. 4.1 Limit current limit interruptions

4.2 Current injection method for solving transient recovery voltage

during shutdown circuit
As shown in FIG. 4.2. off circuit can be replaced by Thevenin sentence circuit and short circuit
current source circuit, which is injected into the circuit from the power source reverse current. When
switching power source at the time of disconnection switch in the original circuit and the zero initial
supply current values are the original circuit the superposition of values circuit and short circuit current
source circuit. The recovery voltage (TRV) there is a direct voltage to the current source (see. Translated
lyrics prof. Eiichi Haginomoriho to work with EMTP-ATP, chapter 2).
Fig. 4.2 Compensation circuit for demonstration of recovery voltages using Thevenin sentence
In the example, a source with a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 10 V is

connected to a series resistor 1 and inductance 1 mH. Capacity has a size of 1F.The
steadyshortcircuitcurrentaplitudeis:
U 10 9.54 (4.2)
2 2 A
R X L 1.31
42
The current is delayed while a voltage of 0,314 arctan = 17.43 and zero passes in
time (90 + 17.43 ) / 18 = 5.97 ms. In the calculation it has been neglected a little jet
condenser. Thus defined power source then possible to calculate the recovered voltage in
FIG.4.2 on the right. This will be analyzed waveforms recovery voltages in the various
configurations of electrical networks.
11:00 15
[V
] [A]
8:25 10
5:50
5
2.75
00:00 0
-2.75 -5
-5.50
-10
-8.25
-11.00 0 4 8 12 -15
16 [Ms 20
tension short circuit current injection ]
Fig. 4.3 The course of transient recovery voltage, short circuit and current injection for the scheme in
Fig.4.2
4.2.1 The sequence of steps for entering information in the program ATP
In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 4.4. To voltage then set the value of
Amp 10 and heading Tsta -1 and 1 dough value, resulting in a voltage source for one second.
In the Type of Source Voltage leaving the choice. Select the frequency under F 50th
Fig. 4.4 Schematic In ATPDraw

The RLC element to enter the item value R 1, L-1, and C to 0.
Fig. 4.6 Setting RLC element
Under the capacitor C enter value 1 (F.ewanttofindoutthesizeofthis

tensioneleentunderheadingOutput Voltage Set options.
Fig. 4.7 Setting capacitor

Switch to enter the item T-CL -1, the T-op value 0005th
The equivalent circuit is the value of set voltage source as in FIG. 4.4 RLC parameters
of a component similar to FIG. 4.6While heading Output Current Set options. The values of
capacitor are the same as in FIG.4.7
On current source then set Amp calculated value steady
9:54 and short circuit current item Tsta 0.00597 and dough value 1. Type of Source Select The
Current. Phase rotation in the item Pha 90 and frequency under F 50th

Simulation (Fig. 4.10). Since this is a temporary plot, step calculation that we must adapt delta T
1E-5 is like the time of calculation, for example. Tmax 0.02 s (Fig.4.11).
Fig. 10.04 ATP - Settings Fig. 11.4 Settings dialog - Simulation
files with the same name with the extension * .atp (Fig. 4.12). ATP command run in the top
.lis .pl4 (Fig.4.13). In an environment ATPDraw the option from the top menu ATP run PlotXY
launch the graphical postprocessor (Fig.4.14).
Fig. 12.04 ATP - Make File ... Fig. 13.04 ATP - ATP run Fig. 14.04 ATP - run PlotXY
And it is labeled in -XX0003 the expected course of recovery voltages and C:

XX0006- course and short-circuit C: -XX0012 course of injected currents. Pressing the left
mouse button (right Streaming) has marked the waveforms to view and press the Plot view it.
Fig. 16.4 Conduct of transient recovery voltage, short circuit and current injection
Example 1
Rieme transients connected serial RL circuit to alternating 1-F source. These are the
values of R = 1 , L = 25 mH and the power supply voltage U V = 10000 wiring diagram
in Fig.4.17.
ATP Simulation.
Entered the step of calculating the delta T 0.0001 the time t max of 0.1.
Voltage 10000 V shall be entered in the source table to Amp.
When the resistor to the RES entered value of 1. This table selects the same output
(Output) The Current (that we read on the current element).
Henry), not H).
On a timer is set in the T-op value of 0.1 (as a separator it is necessary to use a period).
On the other scheme shall be entered in the source table to Amp. 10000 In a phase shift
180 Pha
th
When the resistor to the RES entered value of 1. In this table, as in the previous case
selects the output (Output) The Current (that will read current through the resistor).
Henry), not H).
On a timer is set in the T-op value of 0.1 and T-CL value 0005th
Make File command in the top menu ATP creates a data file with ATP
*
.atp.
.atp be viewed as medium of choice ATPDraw ATP Edit.
and it is marked C: XX0001-XX0002 the expected course of the stream. Pressing the left
mouse button is selected in the course of transfer values to display and press the Plot appears.
After pressing the fence is rendered in the course of the set limit.
Fig. 4.19 Trend currents in the above districts

4.3 Induction current interruption

The relatively small inductive current is current exciter transformer knocked the motor
starting current, etc.. This current amplitude with a few units to hundreds of amps is often
interrupted before crossing zero. The stored energy of the magnetic field created on the surge
capacity of the circuit. A typical single phase circuit of FIG.4.20 shows off a parallel reactor
(see. Translated lyrics prof. Eiichi Haginomoriho to work with EMTP-ATP, Chapter 4).
U vyp.2 On.
vyp.1 reactor
Fig. 20.4 Shutting down a single-phase reactor
For remote switch contacts at a time when the current is close to zero, there is an
interplay of circuit elements and arc that burns between the contacts of the switch. Current
starts to oscillate and can be easily broken even before the zero-crossing. Oscillation
frequency is very high, up to several hundred kHz and current interruption therefore seems
immediate. Fig.4.21 It shows voltage reactor. After the first switch off the reactor remains
negative voltage. After reconnecting the reactor (time 0.72 ms) voltage begins to oscillate. To
respond to the repeated breakdown of the switch. The amplitude of the oscillations yet
achieved in this case at 560 kV amplitude voltage source 245 kV. After following the second
off switch (at the time of 0.8 ms) shows the voltage on the reactor damped oscillation of low
frequency inductance of the reactor and capacity management (Article in FIG. 4.20).
500
[kV]
280
60
-160
-380
-600 1.5
0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 [Ms]
Fig. 4:21 Tensions in the reactor at shutdown

Extinguish the arc in the switch occurs at a current of 5-50 A in the air and SF6 circuit
breakers. Experimental and analysis also was determined that the size of this current depends
on the disruption of the square of the capacitance connected to the power switch.
Overvoltage will be higher in the case of a small capacity, increased inductance and the
frequency of oscillation. Depending on the size and capacity meters starts at values of the
order of kHz. Harmful effects of overvoltage can therefore be eliminated by the use of surge
protection. Overvoltage size can be expressed by the law of conservation of energy:
1 1 1 (4.3)
C U 2 L and 2 C
2
U
C 0
2 2 2
where U is the size of surge, IC value of the current interruption and U0 amplitude voltage
source.
Since the switch contacts are in possession of the jet even close, may occur due to repeated
surges runaway. Induced oscillations with frequencies of hundreds of kHz at significantly higher
voltages. At high frequency is not stressed coil winding insulation and even danger of breakdown on
the threads. The problems of high frequency rectified surge protection and is therefore used for time
synchronization of contacts distancing.
The sequence of steps when entering information in the program ATP:

In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 4.22. To voltage to be adjusted in the
value of the Amp 245000 and item Tsta -1 and 1 dough value, resulting in a voltage source for
one second. In the Type of Source Voltage leaving the choice. Phase rotation select by Pha -10
and frequency under F 50th
Fig. 4.22 Schematic

diagram of
ATPDraw

The following procedure (Fig. 4.24 ) Selection p-Article (Lines / Cables lumped
RLC Pi-equv. 1Phase 1). To enter items R value of 0.22 to 5.17 L value and C value to
12:02.
Fig. 4:24 Submitp-articles
Fig. 25.4 Settingp-articles

The switch 2 (Off. 2), enter the item T-CL -1, the T-op value of 0.0008 and heading
Imar value of 1.
Fig. 04.26 Setting switch 2
The switch (On.), Enter the item T-CL value of 0.00072, the T-op value of 1 and item
Imar 0.

Switch to 1 (Off. 1) enter in the item T-CL -1, the T-op value of 0 and a value of 5 Imar
item.
Fig. 04.28 Setting switch 1
The RLC elements enter into items R value of 0.03 to the value of L and 00:03 to C 0.
Fig. 29.4 Setting RLC element

Under the reactor L, enter the value 1600. We want to find out the size of current and
voltage to the reactor in the item set options Output Current Voltage.
Fig. 30.4 Setting reactor
Individual items of -article gradually enter values: to enter items R value of 10, L-10,
and C to the value 0002nd
Fig. 31.4 Settingp-articles

Simulation (Fig. 4:32). Since this is a short transients, computation step that we have to adapt
delta T 1E-7 is likewise the time of calculation, for example. 0.0015 Tmax p (FIG.4:33).
And it is labeled C: XX0011 the expected course of the current and in XX0011 a
voltage to the reactor. Pressing the left mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view and
press the Plot view it.
Fig. 4:38 course of the current in the periphery of the above

5 3-phase lines
Example 1
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 5.1 Determine through ATPDraw voltages
and currents in the individual branches of the load at the time t = 0.1 s, there was a short
circuit between phases L2 and L3 to the ground. Performance features converted to cable
length 11.5 kilometers: U12 = 22ej0 kV, U23 = 22ej120 kV, U13 = 22 ej 120
kV Rv1 Rv2 = = = Rv3 15,985 . XV1 XV2 = = = 4.416 XV3, C0 = 1,108 10-7 F, R1
= R2 = R3 = 0.011 , XL1 XL2 = = = 0.005 XL3, f = 50 Hz. Determine the
a voltage and current to the load before and after the short circuit.
Fig. 5.1 Schematic diagram of the electric circuit
solution
In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 5.2.

3 f-voltage source U, similar to the F-1 source is set maximum supply voltage of
heading Amp 17962.9 (since the award of the said value of the Merged
Uzdr 22000 17,962.9 ). Under Tsta is set to -1 and dough
2
voltage U Max
2
3 3
value of 10, which results in a constant voltage source for 10 seconds. Under Type of source is kept
Voltage option. Phase rotation voltage U1 is entered in Item Pha -90 (because the default setting of
the voltage source to a presumption cosine, ie - 90 = 0 - 90 = 90 ) and frequency
under F 50. The phase rotation and amplitude of the other phases, when 3-symmetric voltage
source not specified.
On the model of element management has gradually entered impedance values of the
individual phases in the order L1, L2, L3. R_1 in boxes, R_2, R_3 resistance value is entered
and 15,985 lines in boxes L_1, L_2, L_3 the reactance of a value line 4416 (Fig.5.3).
To model elements of the burden are entered similarly to the lead impedance values
individual branches. R_1 in boxes, R_2, R_3 enters the value of load resistance 0011 and in boxes
L_1, L_2, L_3 enters the value of the reactance load 0005th In the Output tab, select the option
Current & Voltage.
When the capacitor element model will be entered under item value 0.1108
(The default setting is F (micro farad), not in Farad) (Fig. 5.4).
Short circuit can be modeled switch between the phases of switching operations at some
time. In the box T-CL is entered switching value, ie time short circuit in box 0.1 and T-op
enters the switch-off time, ie time off short circuit. Because the short-circuit switch-off time is
not specified, enter a higher value, for example. 10th
Fig. 5.2 Schematic diagram of the electrical circuit ATPDraw
Fig. 5.3 Setting parameters for a voltage source U and leadership
Fig. 5.4 Setting the load and capacity to country C0

Fig. 5.5 Setting switches and dialog Settings - Simulation
and Simulation. The maximum number of steps in the calculation is limited to 1 million, so it
is necessary to adapt to this limitation and time of calculation and the lowest step of the
calculation. Entered the step of calculating, for example. delta T 1E-6, the time t 1 with max
(short circuit occurs at time t = 0.1 s, and for reading stabilized values must be set sufficient
time when you can give after a short circuit considered to be stable, ie 1 sec). Box xopt the
setting of the frequency of 50, as is the award given more value than the reactance (Fig.5.5).

For XoPT:
For CoPT:
be
Example1. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
ATP data files with the same name with the extension * .atp (ie priklad1a.atp) (Fig. 5.6). ATP
command run in the top menu starts calculation of ATP in ATP program that results in files with
the extension * and * .lis .pl4 (Fig.5.7). * .lis Set the output data file as well as * .atp can be
* .pl4 The compressed image data that can be viewed by one of the display
postprocessors such as PlotXY. In an environment ATPDraw the option run PlotXY
from the top menu ATP activates graphical postprocessor (Fig. 5.8).
The graphical postprocessor is marked in XX0001A - XX0001B the expected load on a

voltage between the phases L1 and L2 (i.e., the voltage between node A and node B), in
XX0001B - XX0001C a voltage at the load between phases L2 and L3 (i.e., the voltage
between node B and node C). in XX0001C - XX0001A a voltage at the load between phases
L1 and L3 (ie voltage between node C and node A). Pressing the left mouse button is the
waveforms labeled to show the voltage-axis on the left side of the fence and press to view it.
Similarly, currents are displayed so the current is appropriate to identify the right mouse
button to the current axis is to the right. Note: the numbers of nodes may be different,
depending on the circuit diagram and may not correspond to this numbering.
Fig. 5.9 Dialog PlotXY subroutine to draw the waveforms
That the various waveforms overlap, first we displayed and subtract the value of
voltage before and after the short circuit (Fig. 5.10).
Fig. 5.10 Displaying a voltage to the load

waveforms.
Fig. 12.5 Manual Window Scaling and following the course of the application
The values of short circuit can be determined by the procedure as described

Examples of the second drill (1-circuit) between T 0 0,1 with . Steady state values for
shunt
it would be appropriate read at the time, but in the ATP-tab Settings ...- Simulation has
been entered in box Tmax value of 1, so it is sufficient if a stable value after subtracting short
circuit in the vicinity of Tmax, ie the latest from of a short circuit.
The same procedure when displaying readings and current values before and after the
short circuit (Fig. 5.13).
Fig. 5:13 proper amount of current to the load
The resulting values of steady currents and voltages before

and after the short circuit:
against short 0.017833 j39

circuits:
TAB

UAB 360n TT 360 360 0.02
0,0045 36039; UZ, AB IN
j279
BC
1 7.5545 e

UBC 360 n TT 360 360
CA
1
Modelling in Power 0.011167
Engineering 152

0.02 360 279 ;
IN
j159
UZ, BC 7.5545 e
UCA 360 n 360360 0.02
360159; UZ, CA 7.5545 e IN
T 1
TAB
0.019191 j14.56

IAB 360 n T 360 360
0.02
360 14.56 I Z, AB 625.21 e

A
1 ;
TBC
0.0058581 j254.55

IBC 360 n TT 360 360
0.02
0.012525

360 254.55 I Z, BC 625.21e A
j134.55
CA
1 ;
ICA 360 n 360360 0.02
360134.55 I Z, CA 625.21 e A

T 1 ;
after TA
B 0.9995 j9
short
circuit:

UAB 360n T 360 360 50 0.02 3609; UZ, AB 6.5416e IN

360 n 360360 n 0.2 3600; U j0 I
UBC

j189

TBC

TCA
0e N
0.02 Z,
BC0.9895
UCA 360n 36036050 0.02 360189; UZ, CA 6.5416 e IN
T
TAB
.98086 j344.34

IAB 360 n

360 360 50 0.02
360 344.34 I Z, AB 541.39 e A

T ;

IBC
360 n 360360n 0.2 I Z, BC j0
j164.52
T
BC 3600; 0.02 0 e A
TCA
0.99086
ICA 360 n 36036050 0.02
360164.52 I Z, CA 541.39 e A

T ;
Example 2
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 5.14 Determine through ATPDraw voltages
and currents in the individual branches of the load at the time t = 0.1 s, there was a short
circuit between phases L2 and L3 to the ground. Performance features converted to cable
length 11.5 kilometers: U12 = 22ej0 kV, U23 = 22ej120 kV, U13 = 22 ej 120
kV Rv1 Rv2 = = = Rv3 15,985 . XV1 XV2 = = = 4.416 XV3, C0 = 1,108 10-7 F, R1
= R2 = R3 = 0.011 , XL1 XL2 = = = 0.005 XL3, f = 50 Hz. Determine the
a voltage and current to the load before and after the short circuit.
Fig. 5.14 Schematic diagram of the electric

circuit
solution

The 3-voltage source U, similar to the F-1 feed, the set maximum value
voltage source heading Amp 17962.9 (since the award of the said value of the Merged
Uzdr 22000 17,962.9 ). Under Tsta is set to -1 and dough
2
voltage U Max
2
3 3
Voltage option. Phase rotation voltage U1 is entered in Item Pha -90
(Because the default setting of the voltage source to a presumption cosine, ie - 90 = 0

- 90 = 90 ) and frequency under F 50. The phase rotation and amplitude of the other phases,
when 3-symmetric voltage source not specified.
On the model of element management has gradually entered impedance values of the
individual phases in the order L1, L2, L3. R_1 in boxes, R_2, R_3 resistance value is entered
and 15,985 lines in boxes L_1, L_2, L_3 the reactance of a value line 4416 (Fig.5.16).
To model elements of the burden are entered similarly to the lead impedance values
individual branches. R_1 in boxes, R_2, R_3 enters the value of load resistance 0011 and in boxes
L_1, L_2, L_3 enters the value of the reactance load 0005th In the Output tab, select the option
Current & Voltage.
When the capacitor element model will be entered under item value 0.1108
(The default setting is F (micro farad), not in Farad) (Fig. 5.17).
Short circuit can be modeled switch between the phases pinned at a certain time. In the
box T-CL is entered switching value, ie time short circuit in box 0.1 and T-op is entered
switch-off time, ie time off short circuit. Because the short-circuit switch-off time is not
specified, enter a higher value, for example. 10th
appear after pressing the "help" in the current window element. Detailed guidance is
contained
EMTP-ATP.
Fig. 5.15 Schematic diagram of the electrical circuit ATPDraw
Fig. 16.05 Setting parameters for a voltage source U and leadership

Fig. 17.5 Setting the load and capacity to country C 0
Fig. 18.5 Setting switches and dialog Settings - Simulation
and Simulation. The maximum number of steps in the calculation is limited to 1 million, so it
is necessary to adapt to this limitation and time of calculation and the lowest step of the
calculation. Entered the step of calculating, for example. delta T 1E-6, the time t 1 with max
(short circuit occurs at time t = 0.1 s, and for reading stabilized values must be set sufficient
time when you can give after a short circuit considered to be stable, ie 1 sec). Box xopt the
setting of the frequency of 50, as is the award given more value than the reactance (Fig.5.18).

For XoPT:
For CoPT:
be
priklad1b. Created a file with the extension * .adp, located in a subdirectory Project
ATPDraw preprocessor. It is advisable to use filenames name, prohibited to use them in the
ATP file to the same name with the extension * .atp (ie priklad1b.atp) (Fig. 5.19). ATP command
run in the top menu starts calculation of ATP in ATP program that results in files with the
extension * and * .lis .pl4 (Fig.5.20). * .lis Set the output data file as well as * .atp can be
* .pl4 Are compressed video data that can be viewed from some graphical postprocessors such
as PlotXY. In an environment ATPDraw the choice PlotXY run from the top menu ATP launch
the graphical postprocessor (Fig.5.21).
The graphical postprocessor is marked in XX0001A - the expected course load

voltage, ie voltage between node A and ground. in XX0001B - a voltage to the load, ie the
voltage between node B and the ground. in XX0001C - a voltage to the load, ie the voltage
between node C and ground. Pressing the left mouse button is the waveforms labeled to show
the voltage-axis on the left side of the fence and press to view it. Similarly, currents are
displayed so the current is appropriate to identify the right mouse button to the current axis is
to the right. Note: the numbers of nodes may be different, depending on the circuit diagram
and may not correspond to this numbering.
Fig. 5:22 dialog PlotXY subroutine to draw the waveforms
That the various waveforms overlap, first we displayed and subtract the value of
voltage before and after the short circuit (Fig. 5.23).
Fig. 5.23 Displaying a voltage to the load
waveforms.
Fig. 25.5 Manual Window Scaling and following the course of the application
The values of short circuit can be determined by the procedure as described

Examples of the second drill (1-circuit) between T 0 0,1 with . Steady state values for
shunt
it would be appropriate read at the time, but in the ATP-tab Settings ...- Simulation has
been entered in box Tmax value of 1, so it is sufficient if a stable value after subtracting short
circuit in the vicinity of Tmax, ie the latest from of a short circuit.
The same procedure when displaying readings and current values before and after the
short circuit (Fig. 5.26).
Fig. 5:26 proper amount of current to the load
The resulting values of steady currents and voltages before and after the short circuit:
against short circuits:

T
0.0195
3609; UZ, j9
IN
UA 360n A 0.02
j249
3603601 13,079 e
TB
0.006167
UB 360n T 0.02
360249; UZ, B 13,079 e IN
3603601
TC 0.012834
j129

UC 360 n T
0.02
360 129 ; UZ, C 13,079 e IN
3603601
TA 0.00085832 j344,55
IA 360 n T
0.02
0.007525 360344,55 I Z, A 1082.4 e A
j224.55
3603601 ;
TB
IB 360 n T 0.02
360224.55 I Z, B 1082.4 e A

3603601 ;
TC 0.014192
j104.55

IC 360 n T
0.02
360 104.55 I Z, C 1082.4 e A

3603601 ;
after short 0.9995 j9

circuit:
TA
UA 360n T 0.02 3609; UZ, A 13,079 e IN

36036050
T B 1 j0
UB 360 n T 360360n 0.02 3600; UZ, B 0 e IN

UC 360n TT 360360 n 1 3600; Z,C 0 j0
TA I j344.34
U 0.02 e
.98086 N
IA 360 n T 0.02
360344.34 I Z, A 1082.4 e A

36036050 ;
IB 360n TT 360360n 1 3600;

TC
0.02
1
I Z, B 0 j0 A

e
j0
IC 360
n 360360n 0.02 I Z, C 0 e A
3600; T
6 ANALYSIS fault condition using different transformer model

THE PROGRAM EMTP-ATP
This section will be examined various models of transformers and their effect on the
course of the fault current in various types of short circuits.
6.1 Analysis of fault conditions a short circuit on the secondary

side of the transformer
The aim of this chapter is to analyze the fault currents on the secondary side of the
transformer, using different models of transformers in EMTP-ATP. FIG.6.1 It is a schematic
diagram of the electrical circuit in the event of failure on the secondary side of the transformer.
System before the disorder is in the Idle state.
Fig. 6.1 Circuit diagram
Calculation of the elements of power supply:
- external network parameters: Un = 110 kV

- line parameters: Rv = 0.025 / km H = 0.4 / km
L = 60 km XV0 3 =Xv1
- load parameters: RT = 150 XLZ = 24
- Transformer parameters: trinuclear, 3-phase, 2-vinuov transformer
with the following data obtained from the nameplate of the transformer:
Nominal power: Nominal voltage:
Short-circuit voltage:
Load losses:
No-load losses:
Connection type:
Neutral point of transformer secondary winding is grounded through a resistor RF =
10 .
In the absence of measured data for a non-rotating component of the transformer, it is

assumed that the zero-sequence reactance component corner X0k is about 85% sslednej reactance
component X1k the corner (since the transformer core type).
Modeling STC winding connected in star, on the lower voltage will
designated the winding 1, wherein the magnetization is joined branch and the branch of
the non-rotating component
magnetizing inductance. Ideally, a non-linear magnetizing inductance should be attached to such a

point in an equivalent circuit, wherein the integrated voltage is equal to the flow in the iron core.
The cylindrical coil, we can assume that the winding stream will flow mostly through the core, as
there should be very little variance.
6.1.1 Calculation of the parameter elements

mains
leadership:
U2 23 2
0.06558
R l N1 0,02560
R
v1 in 2 2
U N2 110
RV0 Rv1 0.06558
2 2
X U N1 23
l 0.460 1.0492
X
v1 in 2
U N2 1102
X V0 3X v1 3.1472
transformer:
Pto 2 2
WITH N U
RT1 N1 0,325 23 0,043

100 100 40
WITH N
RT0 RT1 0,043
2 2
1,521
tto RT1 a U N1 11.5 23
100 SN 100 40
X T0 0.85X T1 1,293
Total short-circuit impedance circuit:

R1 Rv1 RT1 10,108
X1 X v1 X T1 2.5702
R0 RV0 RT 0 10,108
X0 X V0 X T 0
4.4402 j87,59

j88,61
FROM1 R1 j X1 0,108j
2.57022,572e
FROM0 R0 j X 0 0,108j 4.44024,442 e
6.1.2 Calculations of short-circuit currents
The amplitude of the phase voltage of the other disorders:

3
Um 2 U N1

2 23 3
18.78 kV
The maximum short circuit current stable value:

um 18.78
I him 7,302 kA
FROM1 2,572
Time constant perimeter:

L X1 0,0758s
T 1 2.5702
a
wR 2 p 50 0,108

R1 1
Effective valueof the phase voltage of the disorder:

C UIN 123
E 13,279 kV
1
3 3
Instantaneous value of short circuit T

current:
andto sinw T mat sina I hi
sina t e T and
T I hi a to I m o
Peak current at three-phase short 0.01

circuit:
Ip 0.017,302 sin 2
and
to

180 500.010 87,59 sin 0 87,59

e0.0758
I p 13,689 kA
The initial impulse short-circuit current at three-phase short circuit:

23 5,163kA
I to 3 U IN
3 3 2,572

FRO
M1
The initial impulse short-circuit current in the two-phase short circuit:

U IN 4,471kA
I to 2 23
2F 22,572

RO
M1
The initial impulse short-circuit current in the two-phase earth-fault:
U IN 4,798 kA
I to 2.1
FROM1
2FROM
0
FRO
M
3 1
j 0

2 2 FROM 1
The initial impulse short-circuit current flowing underground in the two-phase earth-fault:
A collection of I 3 U 161
I 2FROM1
I
2
4FROM1 F 3R 649 A
K2,1
F
RO F
2 2F 6RF
RO FROM1 ROM0
M0
M1
The initial impulse short-circuit current at single-phase short circuit:

39,837
3E1 1,253kA
I to 1 31.8
2FROM1

FROM0
3FROM F
6.2 Setting parameters Circuit elements in EMTP-ATP

The elements of the circuit need to enter the required input values. Setting the
parameters of the transformers which follow.
Input values for guidance: R

_1R _ 2 R _3: Rin R1 l 0,025 60 1.5
L _1L _ 2 L _3: X in X1 l 0.4 60 24
Input values for the source:

U m 2 110 F 50 Hz
Amp: 89.815
kV
3
Input values for load: R

_1R _ 2 R _3: Rfrom 150
L _1L _ 2 L X from 24
_3:
6.3 Ideal three-phase transformer

FIG. 6.2 described circuit arrangements in case of a three-phase short circuit. For a different
type of fault, the circuit is modified only at the point of failure. Whereas in this type of transformer does
not consider his impedance, it is necessary to model the impedance connected in series, in which we
enter the parameters of the transformer of FIG.6.4. As previously mentioned, the secondary side of
the transformer is grounded through a resistor size of 10 .
Fig. 6.2 Involvement of the circuit in ATP

Fig. 6.3 Entry levels for transformer
Fig. 6.4 Input impedance values transformer
6.4 Dvojvinuovho use of a 3-phase transformer saturation

(without saturation)
FIG. 6.5 circuit is given in case of a three-phase short circuit. Transformer parameters
computed according to the following relationships.
Fig. 6.5 Connection of the electrical circuit in ATP

The nominal range (relative to the side of the higher voltage):

WIT A 209.95
IN 2
HNT
3
U N2
Total short-circuit resistance (relative to the side with the higher voltage)
0.9831
Rk2 Pt
o
2
3I N2
Total short-circuit impedance:

2
atto U N2
FROM k2 WITH 34.7875
N
Total short-circuit reactance:

X k2 F 2 2
34.7736
k2 k2
The resistance of the load losses (the side with lower voltage)
2
R 3 U N1 79.35 to
mag
P0
The resistance of the load losses RMaG is designed for winding connected in star
(winding P0
1) by U1 (voltage of the winding 1) and (The loss of a phase in operation) (see FIG. 6.4).
3
In fact, the total short-circuit impedance is divided unevenly among the
primary and secondary windings. Here is a selected F
1 4 for R . The required data for the
ratio O model
M
K1
F
R
O
Mt
o2
STC (see Fig. 6.4) Can be determined from the above values:
23
Winding 1: connected in star (s voltage 3
kV)
winding 2: connected in star (with voltage 110
3 kV)
2
23
R1 0.2 Rk 0.008596
1102 2
2
X 0.2 23 0,304

X
1 k2
1102
R2 0.8Rk2 0.78648
X 2 0.8X k2 27.8189
The transformer is trinuclear, thus homopolar magnetization resistance is high
X
andX 0K 0.85 1 . The zero component magnetizing inductance L 0mag (On the lower
1k
voltage) needed for model STC, is to be determined retrospectively.

The equivalent circuit of the zero-sequence component of the transformer, based on
the higher-voltage winding, is given in FIG. 6.6.
Fig. 6.6 Equivalent circuit for calculating L 0mag
FIG. 6.5 R1 L1the impedance of the winding-side lower voltage relative to

and
winding with a higher voltage. When learning L0mag the neglect R1and R1X1
resistance R2because
and R2 X 2 .
X10.2X k2 6.95472
1
1 1 X 0ma 1,391
X 0mag X 0K X 1 g
X 2
U N1
2
X 232
L0mag 2 0 mag 2
1,391 0,19367mH
U N2 110 2 p 50

w
(Relative to the winding on the lower voltage side)
EMTP also expected as an input value of the magnetic resistance R with

0 the unit kV 2:
H
2
R0 U 2 910483kV
N1
3L0ma H
g
Finally, linear magnetizing inductance for SATURA branch can be defined using the
first pair of data (0,412 A, 18584 V) Measurement of sslednej components entering the
current I and flow (steady state):
and 2 0,412
0,5827A (Ed. [VS] = [WB])
2 U
y 83.7 V with
w
These values can be entered into the model of the transformer of FIG. 6.7.
Fig. 6.7 Entry levels for transformer
6.5 Dvojvinuovho use of a 3-phase transformer saturation

(with saturation)
The involvement of ATP, and the entries in this type are the same as in the previous type
(FIG. 6.6 and FIG. 6.7). In this type, moreover, we enter the saturation curve (FIG.6.8)
According to Table 1.
Tab. 1 input values for the saturation curve
I [A]
effective value
Fig. 6.8 Input values of the saturation curve
Fig. 6.9 Views of the saturation curve
6.6 Use transformer type BCTRAN

The involvement of a three-phase electrical circuit, a short circuit shown in FIG. 6.10.
Moreover, in this type we specify the values of the measurements of FIG. 6.11.
Fig. 10.6 Connection electric circuit in ATP

Fig. 11.6 Input value for transformer
Fig. 12.6 Viewing the magnetization curve
The resulting values obtained from the simulation and calculation are presented in
the following table
2. For each of these scenarios is possible to determine the peak current and maximum values
short-circuit currents for the different types of short circuits. In simulations it is considered that a
short circuit occurred at a time of 0.1 s. Peak current was thus readout time of 0.11. Readings
maximum levels steady short-circuit currents in the table are calculated as rms values.
6.7 Comparison of the results of short-circuit

currents
The resulting values obtained by calculation, and the simulations are shown in
Table 2. From these waveform to determine the peak current and maximum short-circuit
currents for the different types of short circuits. In simulations it is considered that a short
circuit occurred at a time of 0.1 s. Peak current was thus readout time of 0.11. Readings
maximum levels steady short-circuit currents in the table are calculated as rms values.
Tab. 2 The resulting values of short-circuit currents
Type of short circuit

Type
transformer
calculated
values
perfect
(TRAFO_I3)
GENTRAFO
GENTRAFO
(Saturation)
BCTRAN
7 ANALYSIS switch the electricity networks

Example
1
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 7.1 Determine the size of surges through ATPDraw
a steady voltage (same phase) at point A when the load Z1 connects to the power system at a
time of 0.1 s. Parameters of system elements are as follows: U = 220ej127,18 kV; load
(alternative 3): a) R 1 = 118B) L1 = 0.5 H, c) C 1 mF = 20, f = 50 Hz. Transformer
parameters: number of phases: 3, number of coil 2, core type: 3-bar type, apparent power: 250
MVA, involving YNyn0, measurement data shortly by the higher voltage: Load losses 835
kW short-circuit voltage: 11, 5%, no-load measurement data by the higher voltage: load
losses: 135 kW, open circuit voltage of 100%, no-load current: 0.161% (additional features
see data below).
V1 line parameters:
where:
solution

3 f-voltage source U, the set maximum supply voltage in item
Amp 179,629.25 (since the award she was listed Value Merged
tension
U Ma U 2
220000 2
179629.2478). Under Tsta is set to -1 and dough
zdr 3 3
x
Voltage option. Phase rotation voltage U1 is entered in Item Pha
37.18 (because the default setting of the voltage source to a presumption cosine, ie - 90 =
127.18 - 90 = 37.18 ) and frequency under F 50. The phase rotation and amplitude
the other phases of the 3-symmetrical voltage source not entered (FIG.
7.3).
To model elements of the burden has gradually entered impedance values of individual
phases
in the order of L1, L2, L3. According to the assignment in the event of a) enters into boxes
R_1, R_2, R_3 value of 118, and other values remain zero. In case b) in boxes L_1, L_2, L_3
of a value inductive load 500 and other values remain zero. The same procedure in case C)
which is entered in boxes C_1, C_2, C_3 capacity value 20000 (the default setting isF
(micro farad)), and other values will remain zero (FIG. 7.6).
A point to be loaded three-phase voltmeter that will scan size switches to
or load will load the model element in the item chosen option Output Voltage
(FIG.
7.6).
Load connection to the electricity grid will be realized 3-phase switch, the switching
time will be set according to the assignment. In the box T-CL is entered switching value, ie the
time the load applied to the column and 0.1 T-op enters the switch-off time, ie the time load
disconnect. Since time load disconnect is not specified, we enter a sufficiently large value, for
example. 10 (FIG.7.3).
Settings of the transformer and the line are given below.
Components and their

values:
Fig. 7.3 Setting voltage source and parameter adjustment 3-switch

Fig. 7.4 Setting the lead with av1
Fig. 7.5 Setting the transformer
Fig. 7.6 Setting parameters and load) R = 118B) L = 0.5 H, c) C = 20 mF
Fig. 7.7 Settings dialog box - Simulation

Fig. 7.8 Displaying the voltage waveform at the different types of loads a), b), c)
UR
UL
UC
Fig. Table 7.9 voltage readings at the different types of loads
Should such an electricity network extended to other leadership / management, there would
be a drop in voltage due to voltage drop on the line itself and would need to change turning on the
transformer.
Example 2
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 7.10 Determine through ATPDraw size and
steady surge voltage load when given branch lines together with the load is connected directly
to the power system at the time of 0.1, the parameters of system elements are as in the
previous example 1 (further features see data below).
V2 line parameters:
solution
Fig. 7.11 Schematic diagram of ATPDraw

Line parameters and their values:
LCC model is input and output circuitry, thus using the system covers two lines.
Fig. 7:13 proper amount of tension at the different types of loads a), b), c)
UR
UL
UC
Example 3
According to the circuit diagram of FIG. 7.15 Determine through ATPDraw size and
steady surge voltage load when given branch lines together with the load is connected directly
to the power system at the time of 0.1, the parameters of system elements are as in the
previous Example 1 and Example 2 (additional features see data below).

V3 line parameters:
solution
Fig. 7.16 Schematic diagram of ATPDraw
Line parameters and their values:
Fig. 7:18 proper amount of tension at the different types of loads a), b), c)
UR
UL
UC
8 Line transposition
Example 1
The standard problem in long lines is unbalance longitudinal and transverse line
impedance. This asymmetry is solved transposition leadership. It was virtually
to exchange the wire receiving individual phases. According to the cable length can be made
one or more transpositions. The model of the same lines, one of which is the period
transposed. It is possible to simply change the parameters of the source and the load.
When driving, it is possible to change the length of the sections between the place of
transposition, as well as parameters
line as the other models.
Fig. 8.1 Schematic

diagram
Components and their values:
electric element
3f AC voltage source
3F-RLC symmetrical load
ammeter
voltmeter
Model management
Transposition
ABC BCA
Wiring harness and their values:
Fig. 8.2 Components of leadership and their parameters
LCC model is input and output circuitry, thus using the system covers two lines. When
the load model is deliberately chosen a low resistance value due to larger voltage drop on the line
model.
The following figure shows the peak value of the voltage at the load transposed and
transposed and for leadership. Transposed leadership is characterized by curves red, green,
blue (in order of phases A, B, C, at the source), transposed conducting a series of curves, pink,
brown and gray (similar to the voltage source phases A, B, C). From the figure it is seen that
each phase is shifted transposition source and the load phase B (BC, C A). In our case, it
is offset 'of the two phases. "It is also a clear difference of the voltage, which in the present case at
the level of 100 to 200 V.
Fig. 8.3 Peak values for voltage load
Example 2
Another of the common problems in the power system is to compensate for inductive
load. In our conditions, using a parallel compensation capacitor.
For a simple demonstration model is created according to the following wiring diagram. The
model is used two times, except that the capacitor is disconnected using the switch
battery (this will give the opportunity to compare waveforms on the same graph).
Fig. 8.4 Schematic

diagram
Components and their values:
electric element
3f AC voltage source
ammeter
voltmeter
Model management
Timed
power switch
Wiring harness and their values:
Fig. 8.5 Components of leadership and their parameters
The LCC model are input and output of the two coatings through the use of only one
of
them.
On during the different variables we show the effect of compensation.

Comparing streams:
The following figure shows a voltage at the point of compensation
and flows upstream of compensation (green curve) and place compensation (blue curve). It is
clear that the flow upstream of the compensation has a smaller amplitude as well as phase
difference to a voltage. (Note .: the need to display the amplitude of the current multiplied by
200).
Fig. 8.6 The course of the voltage and current at the

point of compensation
Comparing
performances:
Active power is defined as the mean value of the instantaneous power
pT atT andT . By comparing the curves we see the impact of the
following compensation:
Fig. 8.7 the instantaneous performance with compensation
whe
re: The red curve is the instantaneous load power measured in the A phase is clear that
integrating an interval of one period and dividing one period of time we get nonzero
a value that corresponds to the active power consumed by the resistance of the load. Loss of power
is negative and reactive part of the exercise, which is accumulation and discharge mutual
inductance in integrating read.
The green curve the instantaneous power measured on the capacitor. Obviously,
integration period for receive zero (for a pure inductive load (. That is, this is a purely reactive
power consumption.
The blue curve the instantaneous power in place pT atT andT .

compensation given
the fact that the capacitor is connected in parallel to a pure inductance, but the series
combination of a resistor and inductance, can not be suppressed completely reactive
component (or direct reading power capacitors). However, the loss is positive and also the
negative of the power response, which means that part of the reactive energy of the load is
taken off the capacitor and not from a source.
9 PHASE power converter

Analysis circuit provides power converters due to repeated switching and due to
phenomena associated with switching a number of different complications that restrict the use
of mathematical analysis. Fortunately, nowadays there are programs such as EMTP
calculation and PSpice allowing successfully implement precise calculations to solve the
problem. This chapter describes the principle of such analysis circuit, and a simple example of
three-phase rectifier (see. Translated lyrics prof. Eiichi Haginomoriho to work with EMTP-
ATP, Chapter 8).
9.1 Circuit description

Fig. 9.1 It shows a scheme in which they are connected to a source of additional
filtering circuits (5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics) if each diode are connected overvoltage
protection. The transformer is connected to a three-phase AC power supply with internal
impedance at a voltage of 287.5 kV. For DC supply side is connected via DC reactors 100 km
transmission lines. At the end of the line is connected burden.
5th
7th
11th
13th
Fig. 9.1 Schematic three-phase uncontrolled rectifier with filtering harmonic current network
When using Thyristor controlled rectifier would bring the pulse to thyristor control
electrode control system implemented TACS. On the secondary side of the transformer
voltage is 120 kV. Fig.9.2 It shows DC voltage to the load and a voltage phase A of the inlet
baffle. FIG.9.3 the primary current and the current flowing from A to phase rectifier. Without the use of
a filter net current virtually the same course as the current in the rectifier. The effect of higher harmonic
filter can be judged from the content of harmonics. Using a filter is the highest level at the 5th harmonic
5% relative to the first harmonic, while no filter was at 5th harmonic value of 16% for the 7th harmonic
8%. To eliminate the influence of harmonics in addition to multiphase filtration also used the rectifiers.
150
[kV]
100
50
-50
-100
-150 0 10 20 30 40 [Ms] 60
50
Fig. 9.2 The voltage at the load and a voltage phase A of the inlet baffle
800
[A]
600
400
200
-200
-400
-600
-800
10
network
Fig. 9.3 The course of phase current A - mains current and the current to the rectifier
The sequence of steps when entering information in the program ATP:

In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 9.4. To voltage
287500 2
then set the value of Amp 234743 (ie, ), Under the heading TStart -1
3
and in the item Tstop 0, resulting in the continuous voltage source. In the Type of Source
Voltage leaving the choice. Phase rotation select by Pha -90 and frequency under F 50.
(Fig.9.5).
The following procedure (Fig. 9.6) Choice of internal impedance transformer,

characterized by the leadership of RL (Lines / Cables lumped RLC Pi-equv. 13
phase).
Fig. 9.6 embedded elements - leadership RL - up scheme

In this feature to enter a value of 1 Item Ro to Lo value 40 to the value of R +

0.3 A to L + value 20th
Fig. 9.7 Setting the internal impedance transformer
The stream will shoot at all stages, so we set the Phase 3 (Fig. 9.8).
Fig. 9.8 Setting number of phases
The first filter element, enter values in the following table.
Fig. 9.9 Setting the filter member

Similarly, enter values for filters 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics voltage in the
following tables.
Fig. 9.10 Setting 5th harmonic filter member
Fig. 9.11 Setting 7th harmonic filter member
Fig. 12.9 Setting filter member 11. harmonics

Fig. 13.9 Setting the filter element 13. harmonics
within properties saturation 2-vinuovho transformer enter

primary values (287.5 166kV) and secondary voltage (120 69.3 kV) and the
value of resistance
3
R 3
and inductance L of the primary and secondary windings and other data according to the
following table.
Fig. 14.9 Setting the transformer

Fig. 15.9 Setting the parallel branches of the escape clause
Fig. 9/16 Setting serial branch of the escape clause
Fig. 17.9 Setting the parallel branches of the escape clause

Fig. 18.9 Setting surge protection
Fig. 19.9 Setting surge protection
Fig. 20.9 Setting rectifier diodes

Fig. 9.21 Setting for DC voltage smoothing reactors
Fig. 22.9 Setting 100 km transmission line
Fig. 23.9 Setting the load

Simulation (Fig. 9.24). Since this is a short transients, computation step that we have to adapt
delta T 2.5E-6 is likewise the time of calculation, for example. 0.1 a Tmax (FIG.9.25).
Fig. 24.09 ATP - Settings Fig. 25.9 Settings dialog - Simulation
files with the same name with the extension * .atp (Fig. 9.26). ATP command run in the top
.lis .pl4 (Fig.9.27). In an environment ATPDraw the option from the top menu ATP run PlotXY
launch the graphical postprocessor (Fig.9.28).
Fig. 26.09 ATP - Make File ... Fig. 27.09 ATP - ATP run Fig. 28.09 ATP - run PlotXY
And it is labeled C: STSA-T1A said current network and C: T2A-RSTA rectifier

current progress to Phase A. Press the left button mouse to designate the waveforms to view
and press the Plot view it.
Fig. 9:29 dialog box: Fig. 30.9 Conduct of phase current A -
current network PlotXY for rendering waveforms and power to the rectifier
Similarly, the designation in RSTA- specified voltage and on load in negli-bearers a

voltage phase and the input to the rectifier. Pressing the left mouse button is labeled the
waveforms to view and press the Plot view it.
Fig. 9:31 dialog box: Fig. 9:32 rectified voltage at the load and course
PlotXY for rendering waveforms A phase voltage input to the rectifier

10 CABLES
Electromagnetic waves propagate inside the various cable (between the core and
mantle) and the outside of the cable, due to different dielectric constant (within 150 m / s,
outside 250 to 300 m / s). Therefore, especially for the calculation of high-frequency
transients it is necessary to enter the correct permittivity and inside the cable and out. The
simplest model of the cable is possible to create a broad elements with distributed
parameters, the model but only inside the cable. This can be used if the sheath voltage is
negligible (perfectly grounded wire). Alternatively it may be used a combination of external
and internal links, as is the case in the ideal transformer. For modeling cables are mainly
used in EMTP procedure CABLE CONSTANTS and CABLE PARAMETERS. This includes
the following types of cables: (see. Translated lyrics prof. Eiichi Haginomoriho to work with
EMTP-ATP, Chapter 5).
Open multiphase cable system
features:
Suitable for cables placed in air and ground
Drawing of the cable in FIG. 1
It is possible to omit the second insulator, armor and third insulator
It is mainly used for single-phase cables in the ground
Fig. Cut one single cable
Multiphase cable system is contained in a tube
features:
The tube may be provided for the material with a very low conductivity such as concrete
Drawing of the cable in FIG. 2
It is used for multiphase cables
Fig. 2 shows a three-wire cable

For both types of cables use the same model as for overhead lines. At higher capacity
cables on the terminals. Jackets and armor can be different territorial, possibly with cross-
linking tires.
Examples of the above ground is a coaxial cable with a core radius of 2.5 mm, the radii of
the casing 10 and a cover 11 mm 12.5 mm. The relative permittivity of the insulator 4, cable length
10 mA cable is 0.1 meters above the ground. The cable is loaded to end resistance 50 (This
corresponds to almost impedance adaptation) and to the top of the unit step voltage is supplied,
see. Fig. Third
U
Fig. Comparison of three models of coaxial cable
In Fig. 4 shows the source of voltage and the voltage at the end of the cable using a
modelpArticle and frequency-independent model lines.
120
[%]
100
80
60
40
20
0 1.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 [w
ith]
source Mrs frequency of independent

Article
Fig. 4 response to a step voltage in the different models of the coaxial cable
for model pArticle must be taken into account that the longitudinal parameters is
indicated reactance, and therefore it is necessary to check the parameter setting xopt. To
improve clarity, not in FIG. 4 course given at a frequency dependent models, but it is not
much different from the course of the independent model, for it was chosen because the
high frequency of 5 MHz. For various cable types and their locations: terrestrial, cable and
overhead placed on the ground ATPDraw dialogue it offers several models and is a matter
of practical experience of adequate model (frequency dependent) is appropriate in this
case.
10.1 The sequence of steps for entering information in the program ATP
In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 5. The voltage source then set the
value of Amp 100, item Tsta value 1.5E-7 and Item dough value 1, resulting in a voltage
source for one second. In Type of leaving the choice of source Voltage (Fig. 6). We will shoot
1-phase current, so we set the Phase 1 (Fig. 7).
Fig. 5 diagram in
ATPDraw
Fig. 7 Set the number of phases
The following procedure (Fig. 8) selects the type of cable (Lines / Cables LCC).
Fig. 8 Insertion element - cable - into the scheme
The cable adjustment changes in the Model tab in the assemblies of type option to
Single Core Cable Phase PH to 2, the number of cables Number of cables 1, heading
Cables and set the (Air), in Block Model and Item Type, select the type of
Bergeron (constant parameters) and the block of Standard Date To enter the earth-
resistivity Rho 100, frequency Freq. init 50000 and the length of the external wiring
Length 10th
Fig. 9 Parameter setting cable
The cable adjustment changes in the Data tab of the total value of the radius of the
cable Total radius 0.0125, set mantle unchecking Sheath, and block Position Changes the
vertical value 0.1 Vertical and horizontal Horizontal leave equal to 0. Gradually enter values
for the core and the shell of FIG. 10th
Fig. 10 Parameter setting cable

Load value set under the RES 50. We want to see the size of the load voltage, the item
Output Voltage Set options.
Fig. 11 Setting load
Simulation (Fig. 12). Since this is a short transients, computation step that we have to adapt
delta T 1E-6 is likewise the time of calculation, for example. Tmax 1E-6. Under xopt we will
change the value to 5000000 (i.e., 5 MHz) (FIG. 13).
And it is labeled in XX0001 said voltage waveform from the source and in XX0011 -
XX0009 a voltage to the load. Pressing the left mouse button is labeled the waveforms to view
and press the Plot view it.
Fig. 18 of the stresses in the above circuit

11 TRANSFORMERS
Fig. 1 Dvojvinuov transformer
In Fig. 1 is indicated dvojvinuovm rust transformer, for which the equation:

atD andNR d )N and
R (1)
at
(
1 ) 1 1 2 2 2
1 0 2 0 2
dt ( 1 dt
where F0 F1 and F2 streams are generally associated with both windings (primary, secondary). flow
F0 the apply mainly within inside iron core and
determines magnetized
characteristics. flowF0 is common to both equations and equation (1) follows:
N at D and (2)
1 1 1 2
2 2 2
2
dt 1 1 dt
This equation corresponds to the equivalent circuit with the ideal transformer shown
in Fig. 2. The circuit 0 flux (magnetizing flux) can be connected to any side of the ideal
transformer. 1 stray flux and 2 corresponding inductance L1, L2, R1, R2 are winding
resistances.
Fig. 2 Equivalent circuit transformer dvojvinuovho
The model of the transformer with three windings is shown in FIG. 3. This model
corresponds to the assumption that each coil has its flow. In fact, can not have a winding 1 and
winding 2 the same total flow, winding 2 and winding 3. But for most cases, the model is
sufficiently accurate. Above models are applicable to several kHz frequencies. For higher
frequencies above 10 kHz, or in the case of atmospheric and switching overvoltage is stress
distribution in the primary winding of the linear parasitic capacity due to the ground and within
the winding. For such cases should be first turn modeled in several sections. Each section has its
own and mutual inductance to others.
Fig. 3 Equivalent circuit transformer trojvinuovho
Then the total windings including primary, secondary, etc. represented by the so-
called. Induction nut. At the same time it is necessary to know the design of the metallic core.
At high frequencies, there has almost been no penetration of the flow inside the metallic core.
For the frequency range corresponding to the atmospheric impulse replace iron core air. The
induction matrix has the form (L and M are the self inductance of the head, in this case four,
coils):
L11
L22
M12 (3)
M L33
M13 23
M 34 L44
M14 M
24
An example of connecting the transformer 550/300 kV network in Fig. 4 considered

monopolar scheme and EMTP uses SATURABLE TRANSFORMER procedure by which the
values entered ATPDraw equivalent circuit including no-load characteristics (see. Translated
lyrics prof. Eiichi Haginomoriho to work with EMTP-ATP, Chapter 5).
U
Fig. Dvojvinuov 4-phase transformer connected to the network
As a result of the saturation magnetization characteristic of flowing at the time of

connection to the network of the transformer into the transformer high DC magnetization, as
shown in FIG. 5th
300
1200
[kV [A]
] 1000
200
800
100
600
0
400
200
-100
-200
0
-300 0 10 20 30 [Ms]
40 -200
50
secondary voltage in vain current
Fig. 5 Connecting to the network transformer and voltage waveforms of the secondary and primary
current
11.1 The sequence of steps for entering information in the program ATP
In ATPDraw will create a circuit diagram of FIG. 6. The voltage source then set Amp
value 428660.7, heading Tsta A value of 0.01 and a value of 1 item dough, resulting in a
voltage source for one second. In the Type of Source Voltage leaving the choice. Phase
rotation select by Pha -90 and frequency under F 50. (Fig. 7).
Fig. 6 diagram in
ATPDraw
The RLC elements enter into items R value of 0.5 to 30 and the value of L to C 0. We
want to capture the current size of this component in the item Output Current Set options.
Fig. 8 Setting RLC element

Transformer Attributes tab, enter the individual items of value to the following table.
Fig. 9 Setting the saturation transformer
Similarly, tab Characteristic enter values curves saturation the

following table.
Fig. 10 Setting the saturation transformer
We will shoot 1-phase voltage, therefore set the Phase 1 (Fig. 11).
Fig. 11 Set the number of phases

Simulation (Fig. 12). Since this is a short transients, computation step that we have to adapt
delta T 5E-5 is like the time of calculation, for example. 0.1 a Tmax (FIG. 13).
And it is labeled in XX0006 summarize the secondary voltage winding of the

transformer and C: XX0001 - XX0003 progress on current RLC element (primary current).
Pressing the left mouse button (the label over the tension) and right mouse buttons (marked
during the current) are the waveforms labeled for display and press the Plot view it.
Fig. 18 The course of voltage and current in the above periphery

USE AND LITERATURE
[1] Meyer, WS - Liu, T. H .: Alternative Transient Program (ATP) Rule Book.

Canadian / American EMTP User Group, 1987-2000.
[2] Kizilcay, M .: Power System Transients and Their Computation. Osnabrck,
2000. [3] Prikler, L. - Hoidalen, HK: ATPDraw User's Manual, 1998-2009.
[4] Mach, IN.: EMTP - ATP. [Online] [Instruments First July 2011]
Available on the
< http://homen.vsb.cz/~mah30/ >.
[5] Bear, D. - Hvizdo, M .: modeling in EMTP-ATP. - 1st Edition - Koice
TU - 2011. - 74 p. - ISBN 978-80-553-0776-3.
[6] Mester M. - Hvizdo, M. - Cool, V .: Alternative Transient Program - The Professional
Tool for Power Engineering Simulations. In: The Oradea University Annals,
Electrotechnical Section, Oradea, 2003, p. 179-184. ISSN 1223-2106.
[7] Bear, D .: Electric losses models of decentralized power sources connection using EMTP
ATP. In Elena 2010 Technical University, Prague, 2010, p. 1-9. ISBN 978-80-254-
8089-2.
[8] Kizilcay, M .: Alternative Transients Program Features. [Online] [cited July 1, 2011]
Available at <http://www.emtp.org/ >.
[9] Haginomori, E .: ATP-EMTP Applied to Highly-sophisticated electric power systems.
[Online] [cited July 1, 2011] Available at <http: //gundam.eei.eng.osaka-
u.ac.jp/haginomori/index.html>.
[10] Rot, D. - Leather, J .: Modelling start melting metal oxides electromagnetic induction
in a cold crucible. ElectroScope 2010, Vol. 2010, no. 4, p. 1-6. ISSN: 1802-4564.
[11] Mester M. - Hvizdo, M. - Cool, V .: Alternative Transient Program - a professional tool
for modeling transients in the power system. In: EE - Journal of Electrical Engineering
and Energy, Bratislava, Vol. 9, No. 5 / S, 2003, p. 15-17. ISSN 1335-2547.
[12] Hvizdo M. - Meter, M .: Modelling of power transformers using ATP program. In: EE -
Journal of Electrical Engineering and Energy, Bratislava, Vol. 10, No. 5 / S, 2004, p.
45-48. ISSN 1335-2547.
[13] Hvizdo M. - Meter, M .: Modelling of ground faults on overhead lines. In: EPE 2005
VSB - TU Ostrava, 2005, p. 1-9. ISBN 80-248-0842-0.
[14] Hvizdo, M .: Modelling of operational and fault conditions in the power system.
In: E2006 / 10 - Simulation and modeling of dynamic systems and processes in the
electricity system, EGU Prague, 2006, p. 1-16.
[15] Bear, D .: Modelling of transients when connecting distributed energy source in EMTP
ATP. In: Power Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 7, 2010, p. 15-18. ISSN 1337-6756.
Duan Bear
Modelling in Electrical Power Engineering
A collection of I
Published by: Technical University of Koice in
the year. 2012 Circulation: 50 pieces
ISBN 978-80-553-1188-3

Medved Course ATP-EMTP - Sk.en

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MODELLING

The author: Ing. Duan Medved, PhD.

lectured: Ing. Jaroslav Dmura,

2012, Ing. Duan Medved, PhD.

Published by: Technical University of

When you do not know to explain something simply,

Kosice, 2012 Author

1.1 Zoom environment ATPDraw version 2.0

The selection menu for selecting the circuit elements:

Fig. 1.1 menu to select the elements in the circuit

Probes & 3-phase

2 Examples with DC source

2.1 My first circuit

Fig. 2.1 The circuit diagram

2.1.1 Deja calculating temporary solution

According to the second Kirchhoff law applies to

2.1.2 Addressing transition deja program EMTP-ATP

Fig. 2.2 circuit diagram in ATPDraw

Voltage 10 V shall be entered in the source table to Amp.

Fig. 2.3 Input window for data entry in ATPDraw

At a current probe is confirmed by the choice of one phase.

Fig. 2.4 Input window for data entry in ATPDraw

Fig. 2.5 Input window for data entry in ATPDraw

Fig. 2.6 Input window for data entry in ATPDraw

When the resistor value in the RES entered 10th

Fig. 2.7 Input window for data entry in ATPDraw

Fig. 2.8 The selection menu for entering data in ATPDraw

Fig. 2.9 Dialog ATP / Settings

Fig. 2.10 Selection menu for entering data in ATPDraw

While for values Xopt and Copt applies:

Fig. 2.11 Selection menu for entering data in ATPDraw

Fig. 2.12 Selection menu for entering data in ATPDraw

Fig. 2.13 Selection menu for entering data in ATPDraw

Fig. 2:14 dialog PlotXY program for rendering waveforms

Fig. 2.15 The course of the current in the periphery

2.2 RL circuit with a DC source

Fig. 2.16 Schematic diagram

In an environment Graphic pre ATPDraw is the electric diagram of FIG. 2.17. It is

Fig. 2.17 circuit diagram in ATPDraw

Voltage 10 V shall be entered in the source table heading Amp.

Fig. 02.18 Setting parameters for a voltage source U

On the Current Probe (ammeter) is confirmed by the choice of one phase.

Fig. 19.2 Setting ammeter

Fig. 20.02 Setting switch

Fig. 21.2 Setting the coil

When the resistor value in the RES entered 10th

Fig. 22.2 Setting resistor

Fig. 02.23 ATP - Settings

Fig. 24.2 Settings dialog - Simulation

While for values Xopt and Copt applies:

Fig. 02.25 ATP - Make File ...

Fig. 02.26 ATP - ATP Run

Fig. 02.27 ATP - run PlotXY

Fig. 2:28 dialog PlotXY program for rendering waveforms

Fig. 2:29 Scale Manual Button

Fig. 30/02 Window Scaling Manual

Fig. 2.31 Show Cursor button

Fig. 2:32 Views values of

Fig. 18 Traces of voltage dropsUR. UL. UWITH

Fig. 2:34 Button census two waveform window PlotXY

Fig. 2:35 Course census voltage drops

2.3 Test inaccurate readings

Fig. 2:37 diagram in