RESEARCH METODOLOGI ON LITERATURE

PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY: PSYCHOPATHY DISORDER

FOUND IN DANIEL DEFOE NOVEL ROBINSON CRURSOE
1917

BY :
HERI SUSANTO A320140095

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
 PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY: PSYCHOPATHY DISORDER

FOUND IN DANIEL DEFOE NOVEL ROBINSON CRURSOE

CHAPTER 1

A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Human can have a varieties of personalities, some human can have one
simple personality and others can have complex multiple personalities. A
personality determine human way to live and their action and the study of one
human personalities will be be the main topic of this research. The one personality
that will be discussed is Psychopathy disorder. A personality when people has a
big ego and distance himself from his surrounding. Psychopathy is known as
mental disorder but US Psychiatry does not count Psychopatty as mental disorder
but dissosial personality disorder.
The danger of this personal disorder cannot be seen lightly. The people
who has a trait of Psychopaty disorder is not like normal human being. They can
have a similar appereance like a normal people, but it can be their disguise to hide
their true self. This people doesnt have any guilty feeling or any sympathy, they
do what they want without even thinking for a second tought. This personalitiy
disorder is one of the cause of criminal act and cannot be seen directly. In addition,
once arrested, psychopathic individuals are more likely to recidivate following
release from jail and more likely to do so by committing a violent offense
(Hart,Kropp, & Hare, 1988). This Psychopaty criminal will not feel the deterrence
effect of jail and will continue what they have done in the past. They do not ha
any regret or remorseful feeling when they commit a crime. They do crime because
of a personal feeling or even a personal satisfaction. They do that because they feel
like it, it was like a mass murder when they killed because they feel they want to
kill without any significant reasons. The only way to identify people who have
psychopathy is identifying their behavior. Whether in accordance with the
characteristics of psychopath disorder or not. This issue have been selected
because it is closely related to the novel that became the research object Robinson
Crusoe (1917) Daniel Dafoe.
This research is different with other research which is has been previously
studied. Religion becomes major themes in this novel because the character in this
novel is becomes stronger in his religious faith, eventually submitting to the
authority of God. He devotes himself to much religious reflection and prayer.
The first research is Crusoe's time alone on the island. He builds three
main structures: his initial shelter, his country home on the opposite side of the
island, and his guns and ammo fort in the woods. He spends his time planting corn,
barley, and rice. He learns to make bread. He builds furniture, weaves baskets, and
makes pots. Crusoe also raises goats and tends to his little animal family of cats,
dogs, and a parrot. Most importantly, though, Crusoe becomes stronger in his
religious faith, eventually submitting to the authority of God. He devotes himself
to much religious reflection and prayer.
Second conflicts Crusoe sees a footprint on the shore one day and learns
that he's actually not alone on the island. There are also (gasp!) cannibals. Crusoe
struggles with the question of whether or not he should take revenge on them. He
meets with Friday, a native man whom he is able to rescue from the cannibals.
Crusoe teaches Friday English and converts him to Christianity. The two become
like father and son. Friday and Crusoe also rescue a Spaniard and Friday's father
from a different group of cannibals.
Robinson Crusoe, written by Daniel Defoe, is one of the most read books
in the world. There are numerous reasons for this success. Some people love the
adventure story of Robinson who lives on a deserted island, far away from
everyday life, which seems really desirable for the modern society. Others admire
Robinson as the self-made man who is on his own in an uncivilized area and
manages his life independently for so many years. That is why the story is often
interpreted as an old form of the American Dream. It can also be seen as a religious
story because of the importance of God in it. There are many more ways of reading
the novel Robinson Crusoe and a lot of different themes that can be focused on,
even though some are not apparently important for the development of Crusoes
adventurous story.
This term paper refers to the roots of the protagonists life and deals with
the role of the family in Robinson Crusoe. Even though the presence of Crusoes
family is limited to the opening pages of the novel and ends when he escapes from
home, there are a lot of influencing aspects that have to be explored. The family in
Robinson Crusoe seems to be quite irrelevant when you read the book for the very
first time or when you do not particularly pay attention to it but actually the early
rebellious escape from his parental home is somehow responsible for Crusoes
later fate and adventure. Even so, it is not obvious how Crusoes family can have
an impact on him when they are absent for the rest of his story. Can the family
really be important to him when he initially rejects them?
The paper especially sets the focus on the complicated relationship
between Crusoe and his parents, especially between Crusoe and his father, who is
not able to convince his son either of his social status or even to stay in his house
but for all that, his importance for the protagonist cannot be denied, neither can be
his strong influence on him.
As a contrast to his family life, the term paper concentrates on Crusoes
isolated life on the island, which is the punishment for his disobedience to God
and to his father on the one hand but his new fulfilment of independence on the
other hand. Can he feel like home on the island? Is Crusoe able to start his own
family? The paper will try to analyse the new kind of family structures he
experiences on the island and describes the relation between Crusoe and Friday.
What does Friday mean to him and what kind of relationship develops between
them?
 I choose this novel, because it is important and worth revealing some
analogy between the family background of the author Daniel Defoe and of his
protagonist because the novel Robinson Crusoe is partly autobiographical.
B. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Based on the background of the study, the following of problem statement are:
1. What are the psychopathy disorder characteristics?
2. How psychopathy disorder reflected in Daniel Dafoe novel Robinson
Crusoe?
3. Why he spent building his shelter and other things to make his life more
comfortable, his gardening, goat raising, and hunting, as well as his religious
reflections?
C. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To identify the characteristic of Psychopathy disorder.
2. To describe how Psychopathy disorder reflected in Agatha Christie novel
Death Comes as the End?
3. To analyze the reason he spent building his shelter and other things to make his
life more comfortable, his gardening, goat raising, and hunting, as well as his
religious reflections.
D. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. To add the body of knowledge of Psychological study in literature.
2. It can be used as reference for the future study of Psychological study in
literature.
3. To get more knowledge concerning Psychological study in literature.

E. ORGANIZATION
In arranging this research author divide the research into three chapter. First
chapter discussed about the background, the writer of the research object and public
opinion for the research object. This chapter also tell the reason why author chose
this novel as the research object, along with the benevitial of the research. The
 second chapter discussed about the literary review where the author give several
example of previous study to become the source of this research and the basic
theory used to analyse this research. The last chapter will discussed about how the
author conduct the analysis of the research object.

CHAPTER 2
Literature Study

A. Previous Study
This research is different with other research which is has been previously
studied. Religion becomes major themes in this novel because the character in this
novel is becomes stronger in his religious faith, eventually submitting to the
authority of God. He devotes himself to much religious reflection and prayer. The
first research is Crusoe's time alone on the island. He builds three main structures:
his initial shelter, his country home on the opposite side of the island, and his guns
and ammo fort in the woods. He spends his time planting corn, barley, and rice.
He learns to make bread. He builds furniture, weaves baskets, and makes pots.
Crusoe also raises goats and tends to his little animal family of cats, dogs, and a
parrot. Most importantly, though, Crusoe becomes stronger in his religious faith,
eventually submitting to the authority of God. He devotes himself to much
religious reflection and prayer.
Second conflicts Crusoe sees a footprint on the shore one day and learns that he's
actually not alone on the island. There are also (gasp!) cannibals. Crusoe struggles
with the question of whether or not he should take revenge on them. He meets with
Friday, a native man whom he is able to rescue from the cannibals. Crusoe teaches
Friday English and converts him to Christianity. The two become like father and
 son. Friday and Crusoe also rescue a Spaniard and Friday's father from a different
group of cannibals.
The adventures of Crusoe on his island, the main part of Defoe's novel, are
based largely on the central incident in the life of an undisciplined Scotsman,
Alexander Selkirk. Although it is possible, even likely that Defoe met Selkirk
before he wrote his book, he used only this one incident in the real sailor's turbulent
history. In these days the island was known as the island of Juan Fernandez. Selkirk
was not the first person to be stranded here--at least two other incidents of solitary
survival are recorded. A Mosquito (Guyanese) Indian, Will, was abandoned there
in 1681 when a group of buccaneers fled at the approach of unknown ships. The
pilot of Will's ship claimed that another man had lived there for five years before
being rescued some years before. Three years later, Will was picked up alive and
well by an expedition that contained William Dampier, a keen observer who was
good enough to recount that journey and a subsequent one in 1703, which Selkirk
attended.
The second research, We learn the lesson from the novel because it contains many
moral values. We learn that we must work hard to get success, we should have
determined nature to achieve the goal and we should not give up effort when facing
any hardships. Besides this, We also learn think positively. Despite our
differences in cultures, we should respect different races. We should by to be
obedient to our elders.

B. Underlying Theory
Psychopathy as a mental disorder or construct, although not included in the
currently valid classification systems, is increasingly attracting the attention of
professionals and researchers involved in the field of mental health. Interest in
psychopathy has particularly grown after the announcement of the new
classification system DSM V, in which psychopathy is referred to as a defined
diagnosis in the context of six new personality disorders. This paper presents the
historical development of psychopathy, classification systems, the PCL-R as a
measuring instrument for assessing psychopathy, similarities and differences with
Dissocial or Antisocial personality disorder, and its biological correlates. In
accordance with the new trends in the diagnosis of mental disorders, the need for
training in the application of the mentioned instrument for the precise diagnosis of
psychopathy is highlighted.
Unresponsiveness in general interpersonal relations, The psychopath cannot be
depended upon to show the ordinary responsiveness to special consideration or
kindness or trust. No matter how well he is treated, no matter how long-suffering
his family, his friends, the police, hospital attendants, and others may be, he shows
no consistent reaction of appreciation except superficial and transparent
protestations. Such gestures are exhibited most frequently when he feels they will
facilitate some personal aim. The ordinary axiom of human existence that one good
turn deserves another, a principle sometimes honored by cannibals and
uncommonly callous assassins, has only superficial validity for him although he
can cite it with eloquent casuistry when trying to obtain parole, discharge from the
hospital, or some other end. Religion is a controversial subject in religious studies.
Some scholars define "religion" as a cultural system of behaviors and practices,
others as a "comprehensive worldview" or a "moral community called a church".
Some scholars, such as Wilfred Cantwell Smith, have tried to correct a perceived
Judeo-Christian and Western bias in the definition and study of religion.
Religion is a controversial subject in religious studies. Some scholars define
"religion" as a cultural system of behaviors and practices, others as a
"comprehensive worldview" or a "moral community called a church". Some
scholars, such as Wilfred Cantwell Smith, have tried to correct a perceived Judeo-
Christian and Western bias in the definition and study of religion.
 Religion becomes major themes in this novel because the character in this novel
is becomes stronger in his religious faith, eventually submitting to the authority of
God. He devotes himself to much religious reflection and prayer.
Based on the uderlying theory above, author will exaimine wether the
character in the novel Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Dafoe has the trait of
Pshychopathy disorder or not.

C. Novelty of The Research

The things this research with the previous study is the data of the research.
Author will take the data from Daniel Dafoe In Novel Robinson Crusoe The
other reason why this research is different is how the author collect the data and
how the author processes the data. Using the theory and characteristic that stated
on the theoretical review, author will proves whether on not the villain character,
Robinson, has the Psychopathy disorder or not. Author also will investigate why
Robinson choose life Through storms, slavery, and isolation of twenty-eight years
on a desert island.
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHOD

A. TYPE OF THE STUDY

This research is descriptive qualitative research. According to Vickie in their
journal, the goal of descriptive qualitative research is comprehensive
summarization, in everyday terms, of specific events experienced by individuals
or groups of individuals.

B. OBJECT OF THE STUDY

The object of the study of this research is novel Robinson Cursoe by Daniel
Dafoe in 1917 that published by Dodd, Mead and Company. In this research author
choose to study the characteristic of antagonist character Robinson Crusoe. This
research purpose is to prove wether the antagonist character has a psychopathic
trait or not.

C. TYPE DATA AND DATA SOURCE

The type of the data on this research is qualitative data. This research is different
with other research which is has been previously studied. Religion becomes major
themes in this novel because the character in this novel is becomes stronger in his
religious faith, eventually submitting to the authority of God. He devotes himself
to much psychopathic, religious reflection and prayer.

D. Method of collecting data

The method for collecting data for this research is library research. According to
HLWIKI Canada, library research is systematic study and investigation of some
aspect of library and information science where conclusions are based on the
 analysis of data collected in accordance with pre-established research design and
methodologies.

E. Technique for analysis data

The technique for analysis data is re-read carefully all of the data in this research
and coding all of the data according to the theories in this research. By analyzing
the data and information collected, the researchers encode several psychopathy
trait in Yahmose character.
1. Analyze the reason he spent building his shelter and other things to make
his life more comfortable, his gardening, goat raising, and hunting, as well
as his religious reflections.
Crusoe survives a deadly shipwreck in the Caribbean and manages to set up
a camp for himself on an uninhabited island. Much of the story documents
the time he spent building his shelter and other things to make his life more
comfortable, his gardening, goat raising, and hunting, as well as his
religious reflection.
From this sentences, he give an impresion that he is a good people.
2. Friday - A twenty-six-year-old Caribbean native and cannibal who
converts to Protestantism under Crusoes tutelage. Friday becomes
Crusoes servant after Crusoe saves his life when Friday is about to be eaten
by other cannibals. Friday never appears to resist or resent his new
servitude, and he may sincerely view it as appropriate compensation for
having his life saved. But whatever Fridays response may be, his servitude
has become a symbol of imperialist oppression throughout the modern
world. Fridays overall charisma works against the emotional deadness that
many readers find in Crusoe.
From this sentences, he give an impresion that he not Looking at people
with one eyes.
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