Rizki Ryanda Sembiring

22115013 Makroekonomi

a. Multiplier :
Investment : is an addition to capital stock during a period.
value added : that go beyond the standard expectations and provide something "more" while adding little or nothing to its cost.
Income : is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame, which is generally expressed in monetary
terms (GDP = G+I+C+X-M)
Employment : is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. The employment multiplier is calculated

by dividing total employment by direct employment =

Tax : is the negative marginal propensity to consume times one minus the slope of the aggregate expenditures line.
balance-budget : occurs if the government has a surplus equal to zero.

b. Commodity market equilibrium (IS) : Given this equation, we can derive alternative equilibrium gross domestic product for given
levels of interest rates (i). If we plot these equilibrium gross domestic product levels, we get what is known as the IS curve, where I represents
the demand for investment expenditures as it did in equation (7) and S represents the level of savings in the economy, or:
S=YTC
IS
Y : Real national income and product Each and every point along the IS curve
T : Real government revenue i3 depicted above represents an equilibrium in the
C : Planned real consumption expenditures product market.
i2

i1

Y3 Y2 Y1
c. Money market equilibrium (LM ) :

i* = [n + k(Y) (1/ rrM (TR/P))] g LM

n : autonomous demand for money i3
g : slope of the demand curve
i2 Each and every point along the LM curve
k : shift coefficient for income
rrM : reserve requirements for commercial bank deposits depicted above represents an equilibrium
i1 in the money market.
TR : total reserve requirements ratio
P : general price level (GDP price deflator)
Y : real national income
i : interest rate
Y1 Y2 Y3
Given this equation, we can derive alternative equilibrium interest rates for given levels of national income (Y). If
we plot these equilibrium interest rates, we get what is known as the LM curve, where L represents the demand for
liquidity as it did in equation (1) and M represents the money supply as it did in equation (2).
d. Money and commodity market equilibrium (IS LM) : IS
LM This graph suggests that only one interest
We now have two partial equilibriums; one in the rate and one level of gross domestic
money market for given levels of income and one in product satisfies the equilibrium
iE conditions in both markets
the product market for given levels of interest rates.
We can determine the general equilibrium in both simultaneously.
markets by determining where these two curves
intersect, or :

e. Marginal efficiency of investment (MEI) : investasi dan tingkat bunga berhubungan

YE negative, sehingga semakin rendah
tingkat bunga, permintaan investasi akan semakin besar.

f. Marginal efficiency of capital : r versus I suatu ukuran yang menggambarkan hubungan antara nilai sekarang hasil yang
diharapkan dari benda modal dan harga pembelian atau biaya penggantinya.

g. Effectiveness of fiscal policy : sejauh mana tindakan pemerintah berupa kebijakan perpajakan dan pembelanjaan pemerintah
yang dirancang untuk menstabilkan siklus bisnis dan mencapai penempatan tenaga kerja sempurna, stabilitas harga dan
pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkesinambungan.

h. Effectiveness of monetary policy : sejauh mana tindakan pemerintah berupa kebijakan dalam mengatur jumlah uang yang
beredar atau menjaga keseimbangan moneter dan kestabilan nilai uang, mendorong kelancaran produksi dan pembangunan, serta
memperluas kesempatan kerja dalam rangka meningkatkan kemakmuran rakyat.

i. Determinants of price level (aggregate supply versus aggregate demand) : kesetimbangan ekonomi makro yang terjadi ketika
aggregate supply (AS) sama dengan aggregate demand (AD).