Name : Ni Luh Fitri Andewi

Id : A 121 14 095

Paper # 2 : Speaking

Reflection (Page 55)

In my experience, when i learned a new language for example English language, i

got two problems. First, i got trouble with my pronouncation; it was difficult for me

to speak a word in English correctly. Second, i cannot speak fast eventhough i have

tried a couple of time before i speak in front of audience. It means i was got

problems in accuracy and fluency. Accuracy and fluency are two most important

factors which can determine the succesful learner in learning a language. Accuracy

is the ability to produce correct sentences using correct grammar and vocabulary.

When i learned English language for the first time, grammar is the big problem that

i found. Actually it is not difficult for some people, but i usually made mistakes

when did grammar or structure. I usually confused when did exercises, i could not

put a word in correct order. The other trouble that i found in grammar was when i

spoke using English. I always did a same mistake, for example when i spoke i using

sentences with grammatical errors. In other hand, i got problem in fluency too.

Fluency is the ability to produce a language easily which means a speaker will speak

efficiently or a little bit pauses. A fluent speaker able to converse freely and talk

about different subjects without making errors. Moreover, it was difficult for me

for not making any mistakes when i spoke in a medium speed. I usually practice in

front of the mirror when i spoke English. It was normal, in other word i didnt made
some efforts, but when i spoke in front of class which have lot of audience my

feeling about doing mistakes disturbing me and it made me felt so unconfident. The

result was i could not speak normally like other people and also made some pauses

with uhm.... Actually it makes me so unhappy when i failed in learning a new

language.

Based on the problems above, it is important for me to know how to develop my

fluency and accuracy. The important thing that i did to develop my fluency when

learning English are i dont stop at the listening portion that means when i study i

dont just listen. It is good for me when the teacher speaking in front of class, beside

i listen what he/she have said, i also imitate him silently. I also speak out loud with

the material that i have listen and practice it several times. I must speaking out loud

until my mouth and brain can do it without any effort. Meanwhile, the thing that i

did to develop my accuracy are i always tried to do exercises as much as possible,

pay attention with the grammar rules and practice to produce a sentence with correct

grammatical. Those ways make me able to develop my fluency accuracy in learning

English language both speak or written more better than before.

In addition, as a learner, you can follow these strategies to improve your fluency:

- Make your teacher as your model while you practice your speaking or

reading aloud

- Ask questions if you dont understand

- Read or speak aloud to a partner

- More Speaking practice

Moreover, you also can follow these strategies to improve your accuracy:
 - More studying about grammar, structure, or vocabulary

- Do the exercises more often

- Always read and speak using the language that you have learned.

Reflection (Page 62)

The difference between speaking and conversing (conversation):

Speaking is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate

manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners. Meanwhile,

Conversation is a form of interactive, spontaneous communication between two or

more people who are following rules of etiquette.

There are three key differences that set public speaking apart from conversation:

organizational structure, use of formalized language, and method of delivery.

Speeches involve thoughts that are logically organized and structured,

whereas conversations may wander around subjects.

Speeches use formalized language, while conversation may use slang,

profanity, or poor grammar.

Speeches are often delivered in deliberate, intentional settings and contexts,

whereas conversations may arise spontaneously.

In speaking especially in the public more highly structured. Speakers

generally have time limits, and Listeners do not interrupt

(usually). Information is organized, planned, prepared, researchedits not

off-the-cuff. Listener needs and situational constraints are more carefully

 considered. Public speaking required more formal language. Listeners

reacted negatively to slang, jargon, or poor grammar, so Speakers polish

their language and choose words for the greatest effect. Public speaking

requires different delivery. Speakers talk louder (so they can hear you in the

back of the room), avoid fillers such as long pauses, um, you know, and

like, and adopt a more formal delivery (avoiding casual posture,

distracting mannerisms, and verbal habits. Source: Boundless. Differences

Between Public Speaking and Conversation. Boundless Communications.

Boundless, 20 Sep. 2016. Retrieved 24 Nov. 2016 from

https://www.boundless.com/communications/textbooks/boundless-

communications-textbook/introduction-to-public-speaking-1/what-you-

can-accomplish-with-public-speaking-20/differences-between-public-

speaking-and-conversation-95-10934/

In other words, the characteristics of public speaking and conversation are as

follow:

Public Speaking Conversation

Direct Direct

Spontaneity Spontaneous

Colorful Muted

Compelling Comfortable
Tuned to Listeners Equal

Clearly Defined Roles Shared Roles

Carefully Planned Spontaneous

(free, back&forth)
Structured (time limits, uninterrupted)
Unstructured

Changing Environment Stable Environment

Responsible Forgiving

Multiple channels Multiple Channels

Exigence Entertainment

Formal (language, dress, posture, gestures,

Informal
distractions)

Source: Osborn & Osborn.2001. Public Speaking, p. 10-17