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10 cm/yr
Eurasian
Sunda Plate
Phillipines-Pacific
Plate Major
Earthquakes
>7Mb
10.5 cm/yr
7 cm/yr
Indian-Australian
Plate
Source: USGS
REGIONAL FAULTS AND TECTONIC PLATES
DIFFERENTIAL EXTRUSION OF
INDOSINIAN CRUSTAL SLABS
PHIL
SOUTH CHINA
IPPI
SEA BASIN 7
NE
8
TRE
1
h ~11 cm
NCH
nc /y
e tre
SUNDA c tiv MINDANAO
PLATFORM Ina CONVER
GENCE O
12 PACIFIC F
4 PLATE
8
2
SU
MA
KALIMANTAN
TE
EQUATOR 11
RA
9 5
IRIAN JAYA
4 SULAWESI Me
lan
ge
10 4
3
8
JAWA
100 104 108 112 116 120 124 132 140 144
BA
UB
AK
WEST
FA
LEB
BE N NATUNA
UL
IR
T
BASIN
FAU
TON
BU
KI
L
GS
T
T PENYU BASIN
TI
NG
UTU
G
IF
AU
E R
LT
KL FAULT
SEISMOTECTONIC OF
SARAWAK
Since 1874 21 earthquakes,
magnitude from 3.5 5.3 Mb
Major Faults
Lupar Line; former subduction
Bukit Mersing Line
Kelawit fault
West Baram Line
Tubau fault
EARTHQUAKES IN SARAWAK
SEISMOTECTONIC OF SABAH
Sabah has the most earthquakes
78 , from 1897-2007
Two destructive earthquakes in 1976 and
1991, caused substantial damage
North-West Sabah - influenced by the
spreading and opening of the South China
Sea Basin, that ceased 17 Ma ago.
Eastern Sabah influenced by the Cagayan
Ridge Volcanic Arc in te NE, the Sulu Trench
and the Sulu Sea Volcanic Arc.
SEISMIC ZONES OF SABAH
Earthquakes occurred in Sabah over a
wide area.
Three main seismic zones which have a
high concentration of earthquake, namely:
1) the Central-North (Ranau) Zone,
2) the Labuk Bay - Sandakan Basin Zone,
and
3) the Dent - Semporna Peninsula Zone
SEISMIC ZONES OF SABAH
LABUK BAY-
CENTRAL- SANDAKAN
NORTH BASIN ZONE
ZONE
DENT-
SEMPORNA
PENINSULA
ZONE
ACTIVE FAULT ZONES
Crocker Fault Zone (CFZ) extends from
Tenom in the south.
Active and potentially active fault
segments of CFZ
Mamut
Mensaban,
Lobou-Lobou,
Nalapak and
Parancangan Fault
CR
OC
KE
R
FA
U LT
ZO
N E
RANAU AREA
Massive structure damage to the rubbish
chute wall of the teacher's quarter, SM
Mat Salleh, Ranau, Sabah by the
earthquake on 26/5/91 .
KUNDASANG AREA
Recently, two active faults have
been recognized
Lobou-Lobou Fault, left-lateral
o
strike-slip, trending N20 E
Mensaban Faults, normal-
oblique, striking WNW-ESE
RANAU-KUNDASANG AREA
EN
ZO
ULT
FA
R
KE
OC
CR
LOBOU-LOBOU FAULT
LOBOU-LOBOU FAULT CUTTING ACROSS
THE KUNDASANG-RANAU HIGHWAY
AN ACTIVE FAULT PARALLEL TO LOBOU-LOBOU
FAULT CUTTING ACROSS SMK KUNDASANG
MENSABAN FAULT ZONE
MENSABAN FAULT CUTTING THROUGH
THE ACCESS ROAD TO THE TEACHERS
QUARTER OF SMK KUNDASANG
LABUK BAY SANDAKAN BASIN ZONE
DENT-SEMPORNA PENINSULA ZONE
Has the most and frequent earthquake
occurrences in Sabah
Darvel Bay- Lahad Datu area
1976 earthquake caused by ENE-trending
normal fault
Magnitude 5.8 Mb, depth 33 km, caused
damage to several buildings in Lahad Datu
Dent Peninsula
earthquake caused by the active Tabin
Thrust Fault,
FMS of the 1994 earthquake, located on
the Tabin Fault of magnitude 5.7Mw, depth
34 km
DENT-SEMPORNA PENINSULA ZONE
Assessment of the Seismic Threats to
Malaysia from Major Earthquakes in the
SE Asian region
About 70 earthquakes of Mw > 7.0, from
1977 to 2007 in the SE Asian region.
1)The Sunda subduction zone to the west of
Sumatera, extends to the Banda Basin
2)Double subduction zones of the
Philippines and Talaud Ridge
3)North arm of Sulawesi
4)Borders of Sula Spur
5)Teluk Sarera- Doberai Peninsula and the
rump of Papua
Major Earthquake > 7.0
AREAS CONSIDERED AS POSSIBLE
GENERATORS OF SEISMIC THREAT
SANGIR
Group
SIGNIFICANT TSUNAMIS
DEGREE OF RISKS
Risks to Malaysia are principally dependent on the
following factors:
1) Locations of population concentration;
2) Concentration of high-rise buildings, elevated and
subterranean transport lines, communication
lines, tunnels, and bridges;
3) Topographic relief (natural and man-made) - steep
slopes are liable to mass movements and
landslides;
4) Geological conditions- limestone bedrock prone to
sinkhole development, and unconsolidated
subsurface material tend to subsidence;
5) Area with history of disasters; and
6) Proximity to major seismic areas.
CONCLUSION
Type & Geographical Potential Assessment
Origin Threat