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Refining of Fats
Ray Cook
Ebortec Ltd. York, UK.
www.ebortec.co.uk
1890s Population explosion in USA and
Europe fuels demand for butter substitutes
700
600
500
Pressure m.bar
C 10
400 C 12
C 14
300 C 16
C 18
200
100
0
175 200 225 250
Temp deg C
Physical laws affecting distillation rate
Raoults Law
For a given temperature the partial pressure of a constituent in a
solution, is a function of its molar concentration and its vapour
pressure in pure form.
This is particularly significant when ffa is high, e.g. in crude Palm oil,
5% ffa equates to a molar concentration of ~14%
Daltons Law
The molar ratio of the vapours issuing from the oil being deodorised
equals the ratio of their partial pressures.
In this respect the introduction of a carrier gas, such as steam or
nitrogen can assist the mass transfer of the volatile compounds.
Factors which affect the rate of mass
transfer of volatile compounds
S = Pt x ln Va
E x Pa Vo
Negative Considerations During
Deodorisation
CH2 CH2
C C
cis
H H
CH2 H
C C
trans
H CH2
Illustration of effect of Time and
Temperature on formation of
Geometric Isomers in Rapeseed Oil
7 270 C
6
260 C
Total GI %
5
4 250 C
3 240 C
2
230 C
1
0 220 C
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Time (hours)
Combined heating & stripping tray
(Minimum time and temperature > minimum trans)